131:
451:
25:
313:: Connects the brain stem nuclei of the vestibular system with the spinal cord. This allows posture, movement, and balance to be modulated on the basis of equilibrium information provided by the vestibular system.
263:
in the spinal cord that are involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the central nervous system, including the
283:. All of these regulatory components can be considered part of the extrapyramidal system, in that they modulate motor activity without directly innervating motor neurons.
465:
Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (July 22, 2023).
235:
or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers on the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior (ventral) horn cells.
293:: Conflicts between the motor commands sent by the cerebrum and body position information provided by the proprioceptors cause the cerebellum to stimulate the
307:, a diffuse region of gray matter in the brain stem, to the spinal cord. It also contributes to muscle tone and influences autonomic functions.
319:: This tract projects from the midbrain to the spinal cord and is important for postural movements that are driven by the superior colliculus.
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57:
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of the midbrain. The red nucleus then sends corrective commands to the spinal cord along the rubrospinal tract.
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375:
Yuan, Rui; Di, Xin; Taylor, Paul A.; Gohel, Suril; Tsai, Yuan-Hsiung; Biswal, Bharat B. (30 April 2015).
232:
211:
to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the
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135:
Medulla spinalis. (Extrapyramidal tracts are labeled as a group in red, at bottom left.)
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339:
280:
2007:
1973:
1787:
1447:
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130:
392:
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1567:
1239:
689:
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268:
442:
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713:
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410:
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656:
578:
517:
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231:) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (
181:
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2074:
2048:
2040:
2003:
1969:
1776:
1747:
272:
163:
1049:
24:
1909:
1868:
1729:
1691:
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1615:
1591:
1332:
1268:
1164:
556:
193:
486:
377:"Functional topography of the thalamocortical system in human"
151:
1216:
252:
286:
The extrapyramidal tracts include parts of the following:
464:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
207:causing involuntary actions. The system is called
374:
2114:
469:. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 14.3 Motor responses.
1035:
502:
1042:
1028:
509:
495:
129:
738:Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
400:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1929:Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum
423:
238:
16:Connection between brain and spinal cord
1888:Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum
2115:
2058:Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract
1987:Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract
1023:
490:
279:, and different sensory areas of the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
424:Costanzo, Linda S. (30 July 2010).
368:
342:, a rare extrapyramidal side effect
13:
1855:Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum
1378:Posterior limb of internal capsule
1194:Posterior limb of internal capsule
330:List of regions in the human brain
14:
2139:
1149:Posterior external arcuate fibers
601:Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
454: This article incorporates
449:
176:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
23:
516:
34:needs additional citations for
417:
1:
2084:Rostral spinocerebellar tract
361:
311:lateral vestibulospinal tract
233:anterior (ventral) horn cells
695:Central gelatinous substance
381:Brain Structure and Function
7:
2030:Anterior lobe of cerebellum
323:
10:
2144:
1982:Posterior thoracic nucleus
1696:Thalamocortical radiations
1620:Thalamocortical radiations
639:Posterior thoracic nucleus
2039:
2016:Accessory cuneate nucleus
1958:
1947:
1934:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1843:
1768:Vestibulocerebellar tract
1755:
1746:
1711:
1635:
1575:
1566:
1542:
1512:
1482:
1456:
1418:
1409:
1361:
1354:
1303:
1277:Posterior parietal cortex
1244:Anterior white commissure
1224:
1210:
1182:
1130:
1085:
1076:
1069:
976:
964:Anterior white commissure
956:
899:
847:
840:
813:
756:
728:
721:
712:
682:
647:
634:Intermediolateral nucleus
624:
586:
577:
524:
393:10.1007/s00429-015-1018-7
247:are chiefly found in the
174:
162:
150:
145:
140:
128:
123:
1813:Inferior olivary nucleus
1700:Supplementary motor area
1624:Supplementary motor area
1434:Genu of internal capsule
1286:Spinomesencephalic tract
467:Anatomy & Physiology
1901:Cerebellothalamic tract
1382:Decussation of pyramids
1153:Internal arcuate fibers
1002:Posterior median sulcus
987:Anterior median fissure
335:Extrapyramidal symptoms
157:systema extrapyramidale
58:"Extrapyramidal system"
2123:Central nervous system
1835:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1802:Deep cerebellar nuclei
1793:Pontocerebellar fibers
1668:Subthalamic fasciculus
1660:Subthalamic fasciculus
1401:Neuromuscular junction
2021:Cuneocerebellar tract
1864:Dentatothalamic tract
1818:Olivocerebellar tract
1715:nigrostriatal pathway
1676:Lenticular fasciculus
1600:Lenticular fasciculus
1503:Vestibulospinal tract
1007:Posterolateral sulcus
588:Posterior grey column
356:Vestibulospinal tract
265:nigrostriatal pathway
245:extrapyramidal tracts
239:Extrapyramidal tracts
198:extrapyramidal system
124:Extrapyramidal system
1533:Reticulospinal tract
1444:Facial motor nucleus
1430:Primary motor cortex
1374:Primary motor cortex
1320:Spinoreticular tract
1161:Trigeminal lemniscus
1100:Meissner's corpuscle
992:Anterolateral sulcus
823:Spinoreticular tract
649:Anterior grey column
532:Cervical enlargement
458:available under the
346:Reticulospinal tract
301:reticulospinal tract
229:corticobulbar tracts
43:improve this article
1896:Reticular formation
1684:Thalamic fasciculus
1664:Subthalamic nucleus
1608:Thalamic fasciculus
1528:Reticular formation
1524:Vestibulocerebellum
1494:Vestibulocerebellum
1439:Corticobulbar tract
1387:Corticospinal tract
1325:Reticular formation
1315:Group C nerve fiber
1291:Superior colliculus
1256:Spinothalamic tract
1143:sensory decussation
828:Spino-olivary tract
626:Lateral grey column
261:lower motor neurons
249:reticular formation
225:corticospinal tract
2079:Golgi tendon organ
2053:Golgi tendon organ
1884:Interposed nucleus
1114:Cuneate fasciculus
1110:Gracile fasciculus
1096:Pacinian corpuscle
674:Gamma motor neuron
662:Alpha motor neuron
567:Terminal ventricle
537:Lumbar enlargement
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2067:Cerebellar vermis
1996:Cerebellar vermis
1939:Vestibular nuclei
1925:Fastigial nucleus
1763:Vestibular nuclei
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1680:Ansa lenticularis
1604:Ansa lenticularis
1562:
1561:
1555:→ muscles of neck
1552:Tectospinal tract
1498:Vestibular nuclei
1473:Rubrospinal tract
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1273:Postcentral gyrus
1236:Free nerve ending
1206:
1205:
1198:Postcentral gyrus
1017:
1016:
977:External features
972:
971:
952:
951:
889:Hypothalamospinal
836:
835:
708:
707:
476:978-1-947172-04-3
351:Tectospinal tract
317:tectospinal tract
291:rubrospinal tract
277:vestibular nuclei
200:is a part of the
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119:
118:
111:
93:
2135:
1956:
1955:
1753:
1752:
1719:
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1582:
1573:
1572:
1517:
1487:
1461:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1359:
1358:
1337:Cingulate cortex
1261:Spinal lemniscus
1222:
1221:
1157:Medial lemniscus
1105:Posterior column
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
845:
844:
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718:
606:Nucleus proprius
596:Marginal nucleus
584:
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542:Conus medullaris
525:General features
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387:(4): 1971–1984.
372:
305:reticular system
221:pyramidal tracts
182:edit on Wikidata
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2008:muscle spindles
1974:muscle spindles
1961:
1951:Spinocerebellar
1949:
1943:
1851:Dentate nucleus
1839:
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1547:Midbrain tectum
1538:
1513:
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1405:
1342:
1299:
1295:Midbrain tectum
1215:
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1178:
1145:/arcuate fibers
1126:
1122:Cuneate nucleus
1118:Gracile nucleus
1065:
1048:
1018:
1013:
968:
948:
922:Vestibulospinal
918:Extrapyramidal
895:
832:
809:
766:Spinocerebellar
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700:Gray commissure
678:
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616:Rexed lamina VI
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547:Filum terminale
520:
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340:Rabbit syndrome
326:
303:: connects the
281:cerebral cortex
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28:
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1962:proprioception
1953:
1948:Bidirectional:
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1879:
1847:
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1788:Pontine nuclei
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1464:
1462:
1454:
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1450:
1448:Facial muscles
1426:
1424:
1413:
1411:Extrapyramidal
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1367:
1365:
1356:
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1344:
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927:Reticulospinal
924:
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908:Corticospinal
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884:Reticulospinal
881:
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869:Extrapyramidal
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800:Posterolateral
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667:Onuf's nucleus
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611:Rexed lamina V
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209:extrapyramidal
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99:September 2014
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1831:Purkinje cell
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1568:Basal ganglia
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1278:
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1258:
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1245:
1241:
1240:A delta fiber
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1212:Anterolateral
1209:
1199:
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1162:
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1059:neural tracts
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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2128:Motor system
2082:
2056:
2019:
1985:
1932:
1918:Motor cortex
1899:
1877:Motor cortex
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1806:Granule cell
1791:
1781:Granule cell
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1704:Motor cortex
1648:Motor cortex
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1628:Motor cortex
1588:Motor cortex
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714:White matter
579:Grey columns
552:Cauda equina
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202:motor system
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1960:Unconscious
1906:Red nucleus
1468:Red nucleus
1055:spinal cord
942:Olivospinal
937:Raphespinal
932:Tectospinal
879:Raphespinal
874:Rubrospinal
805:Spinotectal
657:Interneuron
518:Spinal cord
295:red nucleus
146:Identifiers
2117:Categories
2093:Cerebellum
2075:upper limb
2049:lower limb
2041:Reflex arc
2004:upper limb
1970:lower limb
1827:Hemisphere
1777:Cerebellum
1748:Cerebellar
1626:) → 5° (
1515:extension:
1485:extension:
426:Physiology
362:References
273:cerebellum
164:NeuroNames
69:newspapers
1702:) → 7° (
1639:indirect:
1363:Pyramidal
1063:fasciculi
730:Posterior
460:CC BY 4.0
2081:) → 2° (
2055:) → 2° (
2014:) → 2° (
1980:) → 2° (
1910:Thalamus
1869:Thalamus
1844:Efferent
1756:Afferent
1730:Striatum
1694:) → 6° (
1692:Thalamus
1674:) → 5° (
1666:) → 4° (
1658:) → 3° (
1654:) → 2° (
1652:Striatum
1618:) → 4° (
1616:Thalamus
1598:) → 3° (
1594:) → 2° (
1592:Striatum
1459:flexion:
1421:flexion:
1395:Anterior
1371:flexion:
1335:) → 3° (
1333:Thalamus
1327:) → 2° (
1275:) → 4° (
1271:) → 3° (
1269:Thalamus
1253:Anterior
1242:) → 2° (
1228:/lateral
1165:Thalamus
983:Ventral
912:Anterior
901:Anterior
815:Anterior
793:anterior
557:Meninges
462:license.
411:25924563
324:See also
213:pyramids
1898:, or →
1579:direct:
1391:Lateral
1307:/medial
1249:Lateral
1070:Sensory
998:Dorsal
862:Lateral
849:Lateral
788:lateral
776:ventral
758:Lateral
748:Cuneate
743:Gracile
722:Sensory
428:. LWW.
402:6363530
257:medulla
251:of the
217:medulla
215:of the
205:network
194:anatomy
141:Details
83:scholar
2077:→ 1° (
2051:→ 1° (
2006:→ 1° (
1972:→ 1° (
771:dorsal
473:
432:
409:
399:
275:, the
271:, the
267:, the
219:. The
196:, the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1355:Motor
1051:Brain
841:Motor
683:Other
180:[
152:Latin
90:JSTOR
76:books
1916:) →
1875:) →
1646:1° (
1586:1° (
1313:1° (
1305:Slow
1283:2° (
1251:and
1234:1° (
1226:Fast
1217:pain
1155:) →
1116:) →
1078:DCML
1061:and
1053:and
957:Both
471:ISBN
456:text
430:ISBN
407:PMID
255:and
253:pons
243:The
227:and
169:2070
62:news
2089:ICP
2063:SCP
2026:ICP
2012:DRG
1992:ICP
1978:DRG
1927:in
1892:SCP
1886:in
1859:SCP
1853:in
1823:ICP
1815:→
1798:MCP
1773:ICP
1690:of
1672:GPi
1656:GPe
1614:of
1596:GPi
1496:→
1331:of
1293:of
1267:of
1265:VPL
1173:VPM
1169:VPL
397:PMC
389:doi
385:221
192:In
45:by
2119::
2091:→
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2018:→
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1914:VL
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1329:MD
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1196:→
1192:→
1184:3°
1171:,
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1087:1°
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