155:
337:, Wolfgang Lederer, makes the argument in his book that gynophobia is partially the result of men and women allegedly having different attitudes toward societally-based morality. He argues that women were mostly absent and also sometimes explicitly excluded from the meaningful aspects of the creation of society. He further argues that this contributes to what he sees as historically-universal female hostility toward societal goals such as
219:, pomegranate, poppyhead, or mountain) bears all living things, and empties them out of herself into the living world. In the "vessel" analogy, the inside of the vessel is unknown, and all body orifices are special zones, each regarded as idols by artistic representation. The historical permanence of woman as body-vessel, is sometimes artistically depicted to elicit fear. For example,
261:
325:(1932) that gynophobia may instead be partially due to a boy's fear that his genital is inadequate in relation to the mother. She also remarked that she was surprised at the lack of explicit recognition of gynophobia, after she allegedly found ample historical, clinical, mythological, and anthropological evidence of gynophobia.
348:
Because
Wolfgang thinks that men generally have societal ideals, while women generally do not, Wolfgang argues that 'real' women 'intrude obstinately and necessarily' on an imagined ideal of women that men have of them. He states that this births a male fear that women will forever, or sooner or
234:
is the mother of the world and a fearsome, gruesome, and bloodthirsty destroyer of human life. She partially expresses her destruction through a wide array of female avatars (or "agents"). Kali's avatars and agents are regarded by believers as responsible for serious maladies such as
202:
in 2023. He barricaded his house to avoid interactions with women, largely remaining inside for 55 years. He was consequently cited as a possible case of gynophobia by several international media outlets, though he was never formally diagnosed.
251:
Woman as "Great
Goddess" was often depicted as a goddess of death in ancient Greek mythology as well. For example, in ancient Greek mythology, at least 7 female goddesses are depicted as both nursing mothers and as queens of the dead.
247:
is mythologized as responsible for smallpox and cholera. Believers in the rural Indian town of
Cranganore, make symbolic monetary offerings to Kali, to fulfill promises made in fear of being stricken with smallpox or cholera.
357:
Extreme examples of universal, cultural gypnohobia have been found in the highlands of New Guinea, where widespread anti-masturbation propaganda coincides with notions of, "perilous female sexuality". The anthropologist
592:
53:. It is found in ancient mythology as well as modern cases. A small number of researchers and authors have attempted to pin down possible causes of gynophobia.
345:
through all historical communities that have both a father-deity and a mother-deity, where, he argues, the mother-deity is always morally indifferent.
414:
341:, goals which exist outside practical and immediate interpersonal affairs. Wolfgang argues that this is not just his idea, but projected into
647:
362:
argues that such fears were likely caused by limited availability of basic resources that would be required to increase the population.
154:
520:
504:
311:(the "toothed vagina") that envelops and then destroys the phallus, while Freud himself instead highlighted the Greek myth of
227:
as eliciting fear from a short man simply by displaying her large breasts and noting that her breasts survived World War II.
64:, although some may use the terms interchangeably, in reference to the social, rather than pathological aspect of negative
579:
792:
Ember, C. (1978). Men’s fear of sex with women: A cross-cultural study. Sex Roles, 4(5). doi:10.1007/bf00287331 page 657
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Ember, C. (1978). Men’s fear of sex with women: A cross-cultural study. Sex Roles, 4(5). doi:10.1007/bf00287331 page 659
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man who reported a fear of women that had persisted for more than half a century of his life, was interviewed by
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17:
293:, argued that male hostility towards women stemmed from a subconscious misconception of one's mother as
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The
Shattered Mirror: Representations of Women in Mexican Literature, María Elena de Valdés, 2010, p 74
128:
845:
124:
719:
211:
In ancient mythology, the idea of woman as a, "mysterious, magical body-vessel", or "intimidating
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A People's
History of the Peculiar A Freak Show of Facts, Random Obsessions and Astounding Truths
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50:
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621:"Virgin, 71, so terrified of women he barricaded himself in house 55 years ago"
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321:, a psychoanalytic critic of Freud's theory of castration anxiety, proposed in
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290:
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112:
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Differences in gendered-morality, and female hostility toward societal ideals
286:
236:
220:
188:
593:"What is gynophobia? Here's why a 71-year-old man lock himself for 55 years"
318:
275:
243:, epilepsy, delirium, and convulsions. For example, Kali's agent goddess
92:
294:
81:
648:"Người đàn ông sống xa lánh thế giới hơn nửa thế kỷ vì kinh sợ phụ nữ"
73:
127:
cites the term's earliest known use as an 1886 writing by physician
99:. A subset of it is caligynephobia, or the fear of beautiful women.
441:
Hollow Men: Writing, Objects, and Public Image in
Renaissance Italy
353:
Basic resource access barriers and population expansion limitations
342:
162:
57:
817:"Infectious Affect: The Phobic Imagination in American Literature"
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as a manifestation of the fear of female genitalia and sexuality.
338:
215:" is common. In these myths, woman (sometimes also depicted as a
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312:
271:
195:
42:
38:
782:
http://plaza.ufl.edu/bjparis/ikhs/horney/fadiman/04_major.html
570:
Raymond Joseph
Corsini (1999) "The Dictionary of Psychology",
158:
85:
61:
46:
231:
77:
769:
The
Monstrous-Feminine: Film, Feminism, and Psychoanalysis
297:, which is then transposed onto the male individual as an
177:
Sadism and
Masochism: The Psychology of Hatred and Cruelty
96:
305:
explored this in the context of a recurring image of a
260:
60:, the hatred, contempt for and prejudice against
56:Gynophobia should not generally be confused with
837:
165:, a figure of a progenitorial "Great Goddess"
591:Wakil, Zerneela Mohammed (October 14, 2023).
679:
677:
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814:
133:Hyponyms of the term "gynophobia" include
780:Horney & Humanistic Psychoanalysis,
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670:
479:
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95:, the extreme and/or irrational fear of
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618:
449:
14:
838:
821:Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations
523:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
507:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
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299:irrational fear for one's own genitals
761:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology
590:
137:. Rare or archaic terms include the
619:Sharman, Laura (October 12, 2023).
24:
808:
25:
877:
720:"Myth of the Origin of Smallpox"
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749:
711:
640:
612:
584:
564:
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480:Belardes, Nick (8 April 2014).
119:, meaning "woman" and φόβος –
823:. University of Pennsylvania.
815:Mclaughlin, Don James (2017).
530:
514:
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473:
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349:later, be his disappointment.
194:Callitxe Nzamwita, an elderly
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1:
736:10.1080/0015587X.1931.9718406
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91:Gynophobia is analogous with
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102:
7:
365:
149:
10:
882:
684:Lederer, Wolfgang (1968).
129:Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
861:Gender-related prejudices
542:Oxford English Dictionary
125:Oxford English Dictionary
690:. Grune & Stratton.
427:"Definition of MISOGYNY"
525:A Greek-English Lexicon
509:A Greek-English Lexicon
270:as a conflation of the
37:(/ˌɡaɪnəˈfoʊbiə/) is a
278:
230:In India, the goddess
172:
51:specific social phobia
718:Aiyappan, A. (2012).
598:The Financial Express
263:
157:
461:Princeton University
396:Princeton University
27:Morbid fear of women
656:Vietnam News Agency
232:"Kali the Terrible"
68:towards women. The
658:. October 16, 2023
323:The Dread of Woman
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173:
80:, respect for and
771:, Routledge, 1993
763:; Both quoted by
687:The Fear of Women
484:. Viva Editions.
335:The Fear of Women
289:, the founder of
16:(Redirected from
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846:Women in society
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372:List of phobias
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111:comes from the
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72:of misogyny is
43:irrational fear
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308:vagina dentata
291:psychoanalysis
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267:vagina dentata
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241:whooping cough
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185:horror feminae
181:Wilhelm Stekel
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143:horror feminae
123:, "fear". The
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237:typhoid fever
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223:depicted the
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741:12 September
739:. Retrieved
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630:. Retrieved
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602:. Retrieved
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545:. Retrieved
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538:"gynophobia"
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527:, on Perseus
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511:, on Perseus
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135:feminophobia
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49:, a type of
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662:October 16,
632:October 16,
604:October 16,
547:October 17,
360:Carol Ember
276:human mouth
170: 1725
93:androphobia
840:Categories
466:2014-07-09
401:2014-07-09
378:References
256:Psychology
245:Vasurimala
187:of a male
183:discusses
109:gynophobia
82:admiration
35:gynephobia
31:Gynophobia
829:149145715
757:Fetishism
457:"WordNet"
392:"WordNet"
295:castrated
282:Genitalia
207:Mythology
189:masochist
107:The term
103:Etymology
74:philogyny
66:attitudes
866:Misogyny
856:Sexology
724:Folklore
652:Vietnam+
366:See also
343:religion
274:and the
163:Mahadevi
150:Examples
58:misogyny
851:Phobias
755:Freud,
339:justice
200:Afrimax
196:Rwandan
115:γυνή –
70:antonym
827:
694:
580:p. 452
574:
488:
313:Medusa
272:vagina
161:deity
121:phobos
76:, the
39:morbid
825:S2CID
521:φόβος
445:p. 86
159:Hindu
139:Latin
113:Greek
86:women
62:women
47:women
743:2022
705:2022
692:ISBN
664:2023
634:2023
606:2023
572:ISBN
549:2023
505:γυνή
486:ISBN
264:The
117:gunē
78:love
41:and
732:doi
443:,
97:men
84:of
45:of
33:or
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