617:
378:
constituency) and 11,563 votes (0.03%) for first-past-the-post candidates (having fielded only three candidates in three constituencies of Sicily 1). However, some outgoing members were re-elected in first-past-the-post constituencies for the Pole and joined FI parliamentary groups: Costa, Negri,
467:
Presentazione del
Movimento politico Federalista e Liberaldemocratico che ha come obiettivi: il federalismo, la liberaldemocrazia, il liberismo, l'europeismo, il presidenzialismo e il sistema elettorale maggioritario
533:
478:
605:
490:
I Federalisti e le elezioni regionali, i rapporti con Forza Italia; La data delle elezioni politiche; La questione della leadership all'interno del Polo delle
Liberta'
433:
511:
500:
466:
1262:
522:
286:
489:
227:
392:
583:
444:
375:
1267:
598:
304:
On 31 May 1995 FLD's assembly approved a "programmatic political manifesto" through which the group structured itself. FLD, whose main ideologies were
1318:
380:
328:
243:
559:
388:
384:
282:
39:
1323:
1257:
591:
1185:
680:
1303:
455:
210:
The FLD was founded on 19 December 1994 as a parliamentary group within the
Chamber of Deputies by twelve dissident members from the
1298:
962:
892:
1328:
1293:
774:
750:
668:
1308:
1179:
1138:
1086:
1027:
933:
857:
613:
1272:
1252:
1051:
792:
167:
127:
1313:
904:
744:
312:, aimed at transforming Italy into a federal presidential republic and the adoption of an electoral system based on
1021:
1009:
997:
898:
363:
1214:
780:
633:
1003:
910:
845:
374:(Chamber of Deputies) the FL obtained 6,475 votes (0.02%) among party lists (having fielded a list only in the
354:
At the end of 1995 it was announced that the FLD would be transformed into a full-fledged political party, the
316:. Gubetti handed to Costa the role of party leader in the Chamber and took the formal leadership of the party.
1057:
875:
816:
810:
371:
219:
686:
346:
In July 1995 Gubetti left FLD to join FI, citing disagreements over FLD's slight distancing from the Pole.
320:
87:
1033:
1015:
869:
651:
545:
420:
179:
1191:
1092:
1039:
833:
239:
235:
1197:
1173:
974:
798:
721:
674:
400:
324:
1232:
945:
851:
727:
367:
332:
265:
three days after. A group of LN dissidents wanted to continue the alliance with FI. They included
1238:
786:
762:
692:
639:
362:(FL). The new party, allied with the FI-led Pole, had the elephant as a symbol, referring to the
1226:
1108:
715:
247:
1167:
1120:
1080:
1074:
921:
863:
839:
804:
645:
112:
1220:
756:
698:
258:
370:
were respectively appointed secretary, president and coordinator of the new party. In the
296:
In
February 1995 Michelini left FLD and lead his party, the "Liberal Catholics", into FI.
8:
980:
768:
313:
175:
100:
1126:
1045:
132:
107:
573:
340:
336:
290:
254:
223:
122:
1132:
266:
148:
1144:
915:
339:, formerly LN "ideologue") under the "Federalists" banner, in coalition with the
274:
231:
43:
1287:
262:
1114:
939:
215:
34:
358:(UNR); finally, in February 1996, the FLD leading members established the
278:
270:
927:
309:
305:
164:
160:
96:
92:
1150:
211:
396:
395:. During the 1995ā2000 legislature of the Regional Council of
616:
171:
80:
261:, which was would be brought down by Northern League leader
546:"Federalisti e Liberaldemocratici (FLD) ā Europe Politique"
421:"Federalisti e Liberaldemocratici (FLD) ā Europe Politique"
560:"I SEICENTOTRENTA ELETTI ALLA CAMERA - la Repubblica.it"
434:
CAMERA: NASCE GRUPPO 'FEDERALISTI E LIBERALDEMOCRATICI'
253:
The group was launched in order to continue to support
501:
NELL' ITALIA BIPOLARE SONO GIA' 38 I NUOVI PARTITI ...
512:
FI: GUBETTI LASCIA FLD E ADERISCE AL GRUPPO 'AZZURRO'
399:
the FL had two members, who were also affiliated to
1285:
479:Federalisti liberaldemocratici Costa capogruppo
599:
1263:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
1186:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
681:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
445:CAMERA, NASCE GRUPPO LIBERISTA E FEDERALISTA
523:I FEDERALISTI DI COSTA DIVENTANO UN PARTITO
606:
592:
456:Michelini fonda " FLD " con gli ex lumbard
319:In the same year FLD participated in some
277:(secretary of the LV from 1984 to 1994),
269:(founder and long-standing leader of the
1319:Political parties disestablished in 1996
69:
963:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
738:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
299:
1286:
349:
1324:Political parties established in 1994
1268:1950sā1990s Italian political parties
1258:19th-century Italian political groups
669:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
621:Historical political parties in Italy
587:
1028:Christian Democrats for the Republic
858:Republican Democratic Concentration
13:
1304:Defunct political parties in Italy
1253:List of political parties in Italy
1052:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
793:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
574:"Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte"
14:
1340:
1273:Current Italian political parties
969:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
905:Democratic Union for the Republic
745:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
145:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
24:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
998:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
934:Democracy is Freedom ā The Daisy
899:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
615:
327:(formed by LN dissidents led by
153:Federalisti e Liberaldemocratici
27:Federalisti e Liberaldemocratici
1299:1996 disestablishments in Italy
1215:Italian Nationalist Association
893:Constitutional Democratic Party
566:
552:
538:
534:Visto & sentito: L'elefante
527:
516:
505:
494:
483:
472:
460:
449:
438:
427:
413:
1:
1058:Union of Democrats for Europe
886:Centrist and centrist liberal
811:Italian Democratic Socialists
406:
372:1996 Italian general election
220:Liberal Democratic Foundation
205:
1329:Regionalist parties in Italy
1294:1994 establishments in Italy
1139:Conservatives and Reformists
1087:National Democratic Alliance
687:Democratic Party of the Left
379:Malan, Gubbetti, Niccolini,
185:The bulk of FLD was renamed
16:Political party in Italy
7:
1309:Federalist parties in Italy
1034:Christian Democratic Centre
652:Party of Italian Communists
10:
1345:
1040:United Christian Democrats
956:Regionalist and federalist
827:Radical and social-liberal
356:Union for the New Republic
200:
1248:
1207:
1180:People's Monarchist Party
1174:Monarchist National Party
1160:
1101:
1067:
990:
975:Federalist Italian League
955:
885:
826:
737:
722:Federation of Green Lists
708:
661:
626:
325:Federalist Italian League
218:(FI), two members of the
118:
106:
86:
75:
65:
57:
49:
33:
21:
1314:Liberal parties in Italy
1233:Republican Fascist Party
946:Liberal Popular Alliance
728:Federation of the Greens
1239:Italian Social Movement
787:Italian Socialist Party
781:Unified Socialist Party
775:Unitary Socialist Party
763:Labour Democratic Party
751:Unitary Socialist Party
640:Italian Communist Party
634:Proletarian Unity Party
291:Northern League Tuscany
174:, founded in 1994 as a
108:Political position
1227:National Fascist Party
1022:Italian People's Party
1010:Italian People's Party
1004:Conservative Catholics
911:Union for the Republic
675:Italian Workers' Party
248:Southern Action League
214:(LN), four members of
152:
1161:National-conservative
1121:The People of Freedom
1081:Italian Liberal Party
840:Italian Radical Party
805:Democrats of the Left
646:Proletarian Democracy
366:. Costa, Cerullo and
1102:Liberal-conservative
1068:Conservative-liberal
991:Christian-democratic
699:Left Ecology Freedom
662:Democratic socialist
300:Further organisation
191:Federalisti Liberali
1093:Union of the Centre
1016:Christian Democracy
870:Democratic Alliance
769:Union of Socialists
360:Liberal Federalists
350:Liberal Federalists
314:first-past-the-post
287:Gualberto Niccolini
236:Union of the Centre
187:Liberal Federalists
180:Chamber of Deputies
176:parliamentary group
101:Christian democracy
70:Liberal Federalists
1192:National Democracy
1168:Common Man's Front
1127:Future and Freedom
1046:European Democracy
323:together with the
289:(president of the
240:Minister of Health
228:Giuseppe Siciliani
1281:
1280:
1221:Combatants' Party
1198:National Alliance
799:Labour Federation
401:National Alliance
393:Giuseppe Rossetto
341:Pole for Freedoms
337:Gianfranco Miglio
255:Silvio Berlusconi
246:(a member of the
224:Alberto Michelini
141:
140:
128:Political parties
123:Politics of Italy
66:Succeeded by
1336:
1133:New Centre-Right
852:Social Democracy
846:Democratic Party
620:
619:
608:
601:
594:
585:
584:
578:
577:
570:
564:
563:
562:. 23 April 1996.
556:
550:
549:
542:
536:
531:
525:
520:
514:
509:
503:
498:
492:
487:
481:
476:
470:
464:
458:
453:
447:
442:
436:
431:
425:
424:
417:
364:Republican Party
333:Federalist Union
267:Franco Rocchetta
53:16 December 1994
19:
18:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1244:
1203:
1156:
1145:Direction Italy
1097:
1063:
986:
951:
916:Italian Renewal
881:
822:
733:
704:
693:Democratic Left
657:
622:
614:
612:
582:
581:
572:
571:
567:
558:
557:
553:
544:
543:
539:
532:
528:
521:
517:
510:
506:
499:
495:
488:
484:
477:
473:
465:
461:
454:
450:
443:
439:
432:
428:
419:
418:
414:
409:
381:Umberto Giovine
352:
329:Sergio Cappelli
321:local elections
302:
271:Venetian League
234:(leader of the
212:Northern League
208:
203:
168:political party
137:
99:
95:
79:Via Sacchi 30,
42:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1109:Economic Party
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
994:
992:
988:
987:
985:
984:
978:
972:
966:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
908:
902:
896:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
830:
828:
824:
823:
821:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
741:
739:
735:
734:
732:
731:
725:
719:
716:Rainbow Greens
712:
710:
706:
705:
703:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
665:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
649:
643:
637:
630:
628:
624:
623:
611:
610:
603:
596:
588:
580:
579:
565:
551:
537:
526:
515:
504:
493:
482:
471:
459:
448:
437:
426:
411:
410:
408:
405:
351:
348:
301:
298:
275:Marilena Marin
244:Pietro Cerullo
232:Raffaele Costa
207:
204:
202:
199:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
125:
119:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
90:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
44:Raffaele Costa
37:
31:
30:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1341:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:Liberal Union
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
958:
954:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
922:The Democrats
920:
917:
914:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:Radical Party
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
831:
829:
825:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
742:
740:
736:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
711:
707:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
664:
660:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
629:
625:
618:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
590:
589:
586:
575:
569:
561:
555:
547:
541:
535:
530:
524:
519:
513:
508:
502:
497:
491:
486:
480:
475:
469:
463:
457:
452:
446:
441:
435:
430:
422:
416:
412:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Mario Masiero
386:
385:Paolo Mammola
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
347:
344:
342:
338:
335:(launched by
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
297:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:Furio Gubetti
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Umberto Bossi
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
198:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
40:Furio Gubetti
38:
36:
32:
20:
1115:Forza Italia
968:
940:Civic Choice
834:Action Party
757:Action Party
568:
554:
540:
529:
518:
507:
496:
485:
474:
462:
451:
440:
429:
415:
359:
355:
353:
345:
318:
303:
295:
293:from 1988).
252:
216:Forza Italia
209:
194:
190:
186:
184:
156:
144:
142:
113:Centre-right
76:Headquarters
1241:(1946ā1995)
1235:(1943ā1945)
1229:(1921ā1943)
1223:(1919ā1923)
1217:(1910ā1923)
1208:Nationalist
1200:(1995ā2009)
1194:(1977ā1979)
1188:(1959ā1972)
1182:(1954ā1959)
1176:(1946ā1959)
1170:(1946ā1949)
1153:(2019ā2022)
1147:(2017ā2019)
1141:(2015ā2017)
1135:(2013ā2017)
1129:(2010ā2014)
1123:(2009ā2013)
1117:(1994ā2009)
1111:(1919ā1924)
1089:(1953ā1954)
1083:(1922ā1994)
1077:(1913ā1922)
1060:(1999ā2013)
1054:(2005ā2009)
1048:(2001ā2002)
1042:(1995ā2002)
1036:(1994ā2002)
1024:(1994ā2002)
1018:(1943ā1994)
1012:(1919ā1926)
1006:(1913ā1919)
1000:(1906ā1919)
983:(2011ā2013)
981:Great South
977:(1995ā1996)
971:(1994ā1996)
965:(1943ā1951)
948:(2015ā2018)
942:(2013ā2019)
936:(2002ā2007)
930:(1993ā2003)
924:(1999ā2002)
918:(1996ā2002)
907:(1998ā1999)
901:(1919ā1926)
895:(1913ā1919)
878:(1991ā1999)
876:The Network
872:(1993ā1997)
866:(1955ā1989)
854:(1922ā1926)
848:(1913ā1919)
842:(1904ā1922)
836:(1853ā1867)
819:(2017ā2023)
817:Article One
813:(1998ā2007)
807:(1998ā2007)
801:(1994ā1998)
795:(1947ā1998)
789:(1892ā1994)
783:(1966ā1969)
777:(1949ā1951)
771:(1948ā1949)
765:(1943ā1948)
759:(1929ā1947)
753:(1922ā1930)
747:(1912ā1926)
730:(1990ā2021)
724:(1986ā1990)
718:(1989ā1990)
701:(2010-2016)
695:(2007ā2010)
689:(1991ā1998)
683:(1964ā1972)
677:(1882ā1892)
671:(1881ā1893)
654:(1998ā2014)
648:(1978ā1991)
642:(1921ā1991)
636:(1972ā1984)
468:uninominale
368:Luigi Negri
279:Lucio Malan
197:) in 1996.
1288:Categories
928:Segni Pact
407:References
331:) and the
310:liberalism
306:federalism
259:government
206:Foundation
165:federalist
97:Federalism
93:Liberalism
1151:Cambiamo!
627:Communist
133:Elections
58:Dissolved
397:Piedmont
376:Sicily 1
159:) was a
88:Ideology
273:, LV),
201:History
178:in the
161:liberal
149:Italian
50:Founded
1030:(1998)
860:(1946)
403:(AN).
242:) and
35:Leader
709:Green
172:Italy
81:Turin
391:and
308:and
285:and
250:).
238:and
226:and
163:and
143:The
61:1996
257:'s
230:),
170:in
157:FLD
1290::
387:,
383:,
343:.
281:,
195:FL
193:,
182:.
155:,
151::
607:e
600:t
593:v
576:.
548:.
423:.
222:(
189:(
147:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.