857:
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81:
74:
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73:
424:, went missing just after 8 o'clock on the morning of 25 February 1919. He had just been questioned by police in his workplace about an attack on a family in their home in Geoffrey Street. Three weeks later, on 18 March 1919, Moss's body was recovered from the
46:, among others, by this concept considered suicide a crime—a person found guilty of it, though dead, would ordinarily see penalties including forfeiture of property to the monarch and a shameful burial. Beginning in the seventeenth century
340:
in what is now the United States decriminalized suicide. Later state laws against suicide and its attempt have been widely repealed; by the 1990s two states had the crime (or that of attempt) in their legal canon.
195:
funeral rites were defaulted to a "Christian and orderly religious service", substituting that taken from the Book of Common Prayer if required (i.e. if the deceased was known to be of other religion).
204:
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in
England, as suicides came to be seen more and more as an act of temporary insanity, many coroner's juries began declaring more suicide victims as
541:
428:. At an inquest the following day, the coroner said that there was no evidence that Moss had an unsound mind and had murdered himself in his right senses, and a verdict of "
214:). MacDonald and Murphy write that "By the 1710s and 1720s, over 90 per cent of all suicides were judged insane, and after a period of more rigorous enforcement of the law,
283:, and at the Clonliffe Road–Ballybough Road crossroads. It is currently planned to erect a memorial at the latter site. Elsewhere in Ireland, suicides were often buried at
180:. Vestiges of the old practice persisted into the middle of the century. A news report in 1866 as to the case of Eli Sykes, a prisoner awaiting the death sentence at
797:
130:(great loss of property) to the monarch and what was considered a shameful burial – typically with a stake through the heart and at a crossroads. Burials for
697:
790:
188:
and "in consequence of that verdict the body would be buried at midnight, without any religious ceremony, within the precincts of the gaol".
627:"Criminal Law (Suicide) (No. 2) Bill, 1993: Second Stage. – Seanad Éireann (20th Seanad) – Thursday, 3 Jun 1993 – Houses of the Oireachtas"
322:
461:
765:
667:
54:' custom gradually deemed suicide temporary insanity—court-pronounced conviction and penalty to heirs were gradually phased out.
328:
In the
Republic of Ireland, suicide did not cease to be a crime until 1993, with the passage of the Criminal Law (Suicide) Act, 1993.
287:
plots, which were also used for stillborn and unbaptised babies, executed criminals, shipwrecked bodies, beggars and other outsiders.
310:, suicide was punished by "ignominious burial" until 1823 (Burial of Suicide Act) and punished by forfeiture of property until 1872 (
783:
938:
723:
337:
57:
Such judgment and penalties had taken in any deceased, lawfully killed for self-defence or defence of another, committing a
990:
1192:
707:
677:
1182:
865:
177:
218:
became in the last three decades of the century the only suicide verdict that
Norwich Coroners returned. ...
806:
192:
568:
505:
Sleepless Souls: Suicide in Early Modern
England by Michael MacDonald and Terence R. Murphy (1990). Chapter 4.
1161:
644:
88:
904:
894:
100:
beyond old London's limits an elevated key crossroads, for centuries, a place of hanging convicts, the
157:(a term which included the demonstrably mentally disabled) who killed themself was excepted from this
1070:
846:
425:
259:
passed a mental healthcare bill that (among other things) decriminalized attempts to commit suicide.
626:
368:
173:
122:
Until the end of the widespread phasing out mentioned below, in
English common law suicides were
856:
406:
391:
1028:
769:
143:
1065:
1060:
951:
455:
279:
laws were introduced. Common burial sites for suicides in Dublin were at The Long Meadow,
8:
1118:
311:
268:
256:
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as a reason to explain the sudden disappearance of Albert after being crowned May King.
928:
841:
300:
272:
985:
703:
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236:
206:
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had become the usual verdict in cases of suicide by the last third of the century."
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154:
127:
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181:
35:
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966:
923:
918:
587:"Felo de Se & a Stake through the Heart : The Ballybough Suicide Plot"
387:
364:
25:
1176:
995:
913:
847:
Contempt of sovereign or statute (breach of any statutory wording as a crime)
542:"Mental Healthcare Bill decriminalising suicide attempt passed by Parliament"
516:
450:
611:
1107:
1023:
280:
113:
601:
172:
abolished it. By this, the remains should be buried in a churchyard (with
836:
410:
296:
109:
101:
465:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 243.
1143:
873:
816:
421:
147:
105:
43:
724:"Papers Past — Lyttelton Times — 25 October 1854 — LOCAL INTELLIGENCE"
600:
Laragy, Georgina (4 April 2010). Cox, Catherine; Luddy, Maria (eds.).
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210:
instead. As such the perpetrator's property was not forfeit (given to
1112:
1075:
696:
Foster, Charles; Herring, Jonathan; Doron, Israel (1 December 2014).
475:
211:
162:
97:
80:
47:
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Until-dawn detention for being a stranger passing a night-watchman
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attending), or other authorised place. This was broadened by the
135:
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1122:
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139:
123:
58:
34:, "felon of him-/herself") was a concept applied against the
303:" about "the old custom of burying suicides at crossroads."
299:
grew up near the
Crossroads burial site, and wrote in "
603:
Cultures of Care in Irish
Medical History, 1750–1970
805:
695:
666:Mash, Eric J.; Barkley, Russell A. (1 July 2014).
168:Burial at the place mentioned persisted until the
16:Legal concept of forfeiture used against suicides
1174:
569:"Felo de Se, Historical Gallows Sites in Dublin"
416:1919—John Moss, aged 44 and of 8 Foster Street,
184:, read the inquest jury returned a verdict of
791:
323:Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966
112:. Roadside burials were also a slur in the
665:
798:
784:
624:
267:As Ireland was under English rule (as the
79:
625:Oireachtas, Houses of the (3 June 1993).
606:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 79–91.
96:, W.E. Loftie, 1884 showing at centre in
449:
134:typically took place at night, with no
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142:; the place was often kept secret by
64:
669:Child Psychopathology, Third Edition
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243:was abolished by section 1 of the
14:
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1038:Forgery, personation and cheating
496:
1149:
1137:
855:
567:Rock, Austin (27 October 2019).
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178:Interments (felo de se) Act 1882
72:
1160:For current overview table see
807:History of English criminal law
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659:
637:
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766:Treatise of Pleas of the Crown
699:The Law and Ethics of Dementia
593:
579:
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480:#111, (May, 1986), pp. 50-100.
469:
443:
349:"Felo de se" titles works by
317:Suicide was decriminalised in
199:
193:Burial Laws Amendment Act 1880
126:. The crime was punishable by
1:
515:Holt, Gerry (3 August 2011).
436:
7:
1085:Death against family honour
952:Gross indecency between men
905:Offences against the person
395:
108:(Oswald's Stone); today by
10:
1209:
853:
614:– via Springer Link.
517:"When suicide was illegal"
262:
170:Burial of Suicide Act 1823
1132:
1100:
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1071:Champerty and maintenance
1053:
1037:
1011:Offences against property
1009:
965:
937:
903:
882:
864:
824:
813:
728:paperspast.natlib.govt.nz
702:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
672:. Guilford Publications.
426:Leeds and Liverpool Canal
225:
161:offence, which resembled
1193:Legal history of England
1054:Offences against justice
647:. Freepages.rootsweb.com
645:"Suicide Law in Ireland"
250:
94:London Before the Houses
1183:Latin legal terminology
1125:and similar punishments
749:Lancashire Evening Post
612:10.1057/9780230304628_5
462:Encyclopædia Britannica
375:It entitles a novel by
38:(assets) of adults who
1029:Fraudulent conversion
382:It is referred to in
146:, coroners and local
144:justices of the peace
40:ended their own lives
1162:English criminal law
1066:Compounding a felony
1061:Misprision of felony
969:and kindred offences
182:Armley gaol in Leeds
546:hindustantimes.com/
336:In the 1700s, many
312:Forfeiture Act 1870
269:Lordship of Ireland
1156:History portal
1121:; informal use of
1101:Criminal behaviour
842:Arrestable offence
456:"Felo de Se"
273:Kingdom of Ireland
65:Detailed evolution
1170:
1169:
986:Blasphemous libel
866:Inchoate offences
825:Classes of crimes
631:www.oireachtas.ie
493:, 12 January 1866
377:R. Austin Freeman
345:Use in literature
257:Indian Parliament
239:, the offence of
237:England and Wales
231:England and Wales
220:Non compos mentis
216:non compos mentis
207:non compos mentis
1200:
1154:
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1001:Defamatory libel
957:Indecent assault
890:Marital coercion
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384:Benjamin Britten
338:English colonies
319:Northern Ireland
245:Suicide Act 1961
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42:. Early English
36:personal estates
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759:Further reading
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548:. 27 March 2017
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451:Chisholm, Hugh
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1024:Embezzlement
837:Misdemeanour
815:Part of the
768:. Volume 1.
764:Hawkins, W.
748:
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732:. Retrieved
727:
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649:. Retrieved
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550:. Retrieved
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19:
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895:Provocation
573:austin_rock
552:25 November
526:25 November
411:New Zealand
297:Bram Stoker
275:), similar
200:Phasing out
159:post mortem
153:A child or
148:undertakers
110:Marble Arch
102:Tyburn Tree
1177:Categories
1092:Felo de se
874:Incitement
817:common law
734:10 January
437:References
430:felo de se
422:Lancashire
277:felo de se
241:felo de se
186:felo de se
128:forfeiture
106:Ossulstone
44:common law
21:Felo de se
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1076:Embracery
991:Blasphemy
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770:Chapter 9
407:Lyttelton
386:'s opera
212:the Crown
163:attainder
98:Middlesex
48:precedent
1045:Cheating
981:Sedition
907:or state
883:Defences
521:BBC News
396:Examples
365:Georgian
360:Amy Levy
174:minister
136:mourners
52:coroners
1188:Suicide
1019:Larceny
947:Buggery
651:9 April
418:Chorley
321:by the
308:Ireland
295:author
292:Dracula
263:Ireland
191:By the
155:lunatic
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832:Felony
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367:poet
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