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incompetent were considered innocent. The verdict would be made by a jury. The penalty for suicide in
England originated in the ancient world and evolved gradually into their early modern form; similar laws and customs existed in many parts of Europe. Born of domestic beliefs, the ritual of punishing suicide, which is usually concerned with the suicidal corpse, embodies the notion that suicide is polluting, and that the suicide should be ostracized by the community of the living and the dead. The theological and legal severity increased in the
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applied to those who were not mad from birth, but became so later in life through no fault of their own. The property and interests of such a person could be committed to another party to conserve and administer them for the duration of their madness. Their criminal culpability was also limited
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not only in the eyes of the Church but also defined by criminal law. The state of mind of self-killers at the time they committed their fatal deed was crucial. To be judged guilty of "self-murder", one had to be sane. Men and women who killed themselves when they were mad or otherwise mentally
219:'Medicalization of Suicide: Medicine and the Law in Scotland and England, circa 1750-1850' in Histories of suicide : international perspectives on self-destruction in the modern world. eds. John C. Weaver and David Wright
61:. This contrasted with "natural fools" who were mad from birth and whose property interests passed to the crown, and habitual drunkards, who could claim no defense of madness.
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would be excluded from burial in consecrated ground and would forfeit their estate to the Crown, while these penalties would not apply to the deceased affirmed
137:. After the civil war, political and social changes, judicial and ecclesiastical severity gave way to official leniency for most people who died by suicide.
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However, attitudes to suicide changed profoundly after 1660, following the
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as early as the seventeenth century to describe people afflicted by
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The history of suicide in
England, 1650-1850, vol. 5
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161:did not fade until the late nineteenth century.
250:MacDonald, Michael; Murphy, Terency R. (1990).
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239:. London: Pickering & Chatto. pp. xi.
149:had been two centuries earlier. However, the
16:Latin legal phrase meaning "of unsound mind"
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118:. The medieval theologian
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264:MacDonald and Murphy,
202:Byrdall, John (1635).
82:. In the finding of a
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217:Houston, Rab (2009).
151:laws against suicide
179:"Non Compos Mentis"
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