371:, record that Li and Tao, despite Gao Yun's favors to them, were still not satisfied, and they assassinated Gao Yun out of that dissatisfaction. Yet, this does not appear to be a true reason for the assassination. Gao Yun's wife Empress Li appears to have also died in the incident. Feng Ba, upon hearing of the assassination, readied his troops and waited for the situation to become clear, but two off his soldiers Zhang Tai (張泰) and Li Sang (李桑) advanced into the palace and beheaded Li and Tao. The officials all supported Feng Ba to take the throne, and so he did. (No reference was made to Gao Yun's son Gao Pengcheng.) (Some historians consider Gao Yun as the first emperor of Northern Yan and consider Feng Ba its second emperor, while some consider Gao Yun as the last emperor of Later Yan and Feng Ba as Northern Yan's first emperor.)
528:
anxious to take over authority; Feng Yi agreed and retreated to his palace. Consort Song then falsely issued orders in Feng Ba's name cutting off communications with the outside, and Feng Yi and Feng Ba's other sons, as well as imperial officials, were not allowed to see Feng Ba. Only one of her trusted officials, Hu Fu (胡福), was able to enter the palace to be in charge of security. However, Hu was secretly resentful of
Consort Song's ambitions, and he informed Feng Hong, who was prime minister in this point, of her intentions. Feng Hong immediately attacked the palace and seized control of it. Feng Ba, hearing up this, died in shock. Feng Hong then took the throne himself and, after defeating Feng Yi's troops, slaughtered all of Feng Ba's sons.
346:
reasons unknown, Murong Xi panicked at this news and fled. His general Murong Ba (慕容拔) tried to maintain the assault against
Longcheng and was initially successful, but as the troops began to realize that Murong Xi had fled, they collapsed, and Murong Ba was killed by Feng Ba's soldiers. Later that day, Murong Xi was found, wearing civilian clothes, in a forest, and he was captured and delivered to Murong Yun. Murong Yun personally read him his crimes, and then beheaded him and his sons.
491:
dragged
Huniuyu into the palace. Huniuyu refused to bow, and Feng Ba had his guards press Huniuyu's head down, and then imprisoned him. Later, on several occasions, Huniuyu insulted Feng Ba, but Feng Ba overruled suggestions to have him executed, stating that Huniuyu was just being faithful to his state. He later tried several times to have Huniuyu submit, but Huniuyu each time refused. Feng Ba, instead, entered into an alliance with the
342:, who died earlier that year, they rose within the city with the assistance of their cousin Feng Wani (馮萬泥) and the generals Sun Hu (孫護) and Zhang Xing (張興). Because Feng Ba and Murong Yun were friends, he persuaded Murong Yun to serve as their leader, and they quickly captured the palace and closed the city gates. Murong Yun was then declared Heavenly King.
338:, both Feng Ba and his brother Feng Sufu (馮素弗) somehow offended Murong Xi, and they hid themselves in the countryside. They concluded that they would eventually be found and killed anyway, and therefore resolved to overthrow Murong Xi. They reentered Longcheng, then capital, in secret, and then, when Murong Xi left Longcheng to bury his wife
402:
In 410, Feng Ba had to deal with a major internal disturbance. Feng Wani and Feng Ruchen both felt that they contributed much to Feng Ba's success, and therefore were resentful that they were not at
Longcheng and in control of the imperial government but were required to serve as commanding generals
505:
Later in 415, Sun Hu's brothers Sun Boren (孫伯仁), Sun Chizhi (孫叱支), and Sun Yiba (孫乙拔), dissatisfied with the lack of promotions, complained. Feng Ba executed the three and promoted Sun Hu to try to pacify him, but Sun Hu became depressed, so Feng Ba poisoned him to death. Meanwhile, the general Wu
345:
Murong Xi returned to
Longcheng and settled in outside, at Longteng Chateau, preparing an assault on the city. At this time, the imperial guard soldier Chu Tou (褚頭) fled to him and informed him that the imperial guards were ready to turn against Murong Yun as soon as Murong Xi attacked. However, for
527:
In 430, Feng Ba was seriously ill, and he issued an edict transferring his authorities to Feng Yi. However, Feng Ba's favorite concubine
Consort Song wanted to have her son Feng Shouju (馮受居) inherit the throne, and therefore told Feng Yi that Feng Ba would soon recover and that he should not be so
354:
Because Feng Ba was instrumental in his becoming emperor, Murong Yun, who soon after he became emperor changed his name back to the original Gao Yun, made Feng Ba his prime minister, and Feng Ba's brothers and cousin Feng Wani, as well as other members of the uprising, received high posts as well.
509:
In 416, the
Northern Yan general Kuruguan Bin (庫傉官斌), who had earlier defected from Northern Yan to Northern Wei but then defected back to Northern Yan, was attacked by Northern Wei's Emperor Mingyuan, and Northern Wei forces killed not only Kuruguan Bin, but also two other Northern Yan generals,
490:
sent a messenger, Huniuyu Shimen (忽忸于什門), to try to negotiate peace with
Northern Yan, but when Huniuyu arrived at Helong, he refused to enter the Northern Yan palace, demanding that Feng Ba come out of his palace and accept Emperor Mingyuan's edict (as a sign of submission). Feng Ba refused and
479:(昭仪), as a concubine. Yujiulü Hulü requested that Feng Ba send an army to escort him home, and Feng Ba, with some reluctance, sent his general Wan Ling (萬陵) to escort Yujiulü Hulü, but Wan killed Yujiulü Hulü on the way and returned. Instead, Feng Ba entered into an alliance with the new khan
358:
Because Gao Yun was insecure about how he felt he had little contributions to the people or to his own place on the throne, he employed many skillful guards to protect him. He further began to favor two jesters named Li Ban (離班) and Tao Ren (桃仁), to have Li and Tao be in charge of security. He
322:
influence, for his nickname
Qizhifa suggested Xianbei origin. He had three younger brothers, all of whom admired heroic behavior and largely ignored social restraints, but Feng Ba himself was considered to be careful and diligent, managing his household well. During
513:
In 418, Northern Wei's
Emperor Mingyuan made a surprise attack against Northern Yan, surrounding and sieging Helong. Feng Ba defended the city against Northern Wei attack and held it. Northern Wei forces seized some 10,000 households from Northern Yan and withdrew.
359:
awarded them with great wealth, and their foods and clothes could match those of Gao Yun himself. Despite this, he was assassinated in winter 409—an event that is mysterious in its cause and scope. Traditional histories, including the
419:). They therefore rose in rebellion together. Feng Ba sent Feng Hong and Zhang Xing to attack them, and after they were defeated by Feng Hong and Zhang, they surrendered, but Feng Hong executed them regardless.
395:. Both Feng Ba and Feng Sufu were considered diligent, frugal, and intelligent, and during this period, Northern Yan was considered well-governed, being able to fend off the much stronger rival
662:
464:) to find his clan members, and Chu Kuang returned with 5,000 households, headed by Feng Ba's cousins Feng Mai (馮買) and Feng Du (馮睹). Feng Ba also found his brother Feng Pi (馮丕) in
1949:
254:(Emperor Zhaowen), was assassinated in 409. During his reign, the Northern Yan largely maintained its territorial integrity but made no headway against the much stronger rival
449:. (Princess Lelang was probably the daughter of Feng Ba's wife Princess Sun, as Feng Sufu suggested refusing the request and sending the daughter of one of Feng Ba's
475:(郁久閭步鹿真), and the coup leaders sent him and his daughter to Northern Yan. Feng Ba treated him as an honored guest and, as originally planned, took his daughter,
1617:
1622:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
888:
502:
Around the new year 415, Feng Sufu died. Contrary to the usual customs of mourning a subject at most three times, he mourned his brother seven times.
383:
the Duke of Ji, his cousin Feng Wani the Duke of Guangchuan, and another cousin's son Feng Ruchen (馮乳陳) the Duke of Shanggu. He honored his mother
1913:
1632:
1627:
453:
instead.) Feng Ba, believing that an alliance with Rouran would be beneficial to his state, gave Princess Lelang in marriage to Yujiulü Hulü.
1637:
379:
Feng Ba made his brother Feng Sufu the Duke of Fanyang the prime minister, and other important posts went to Sun Hu, Zhang Xing, his brother
1945:
1607:
506:
Yinti (務銀提) was also unhappy that he was not promoted and planned to offer his defense post to Goguryeo, and Feng Ba executed him.
881:
1983:
1929:
471:
Later that year, Yujiulü Hulü, who was about to in turn marry one of his daughters to Feng Ba, was overthrown by his nephew
1901:
1897:
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1373:
579:
476:
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1885:
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487:
640:
1968:
1337:
212:
1925:
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and Xia, and there did not appear to be major confrontations again between Northern Wei and Northern Yan.
1978:
426:
with imperial honors, but curiously used Gao Yun's name in the edict regarding burial, without observing
1988:
524:
In 426, Feng Ba's crown prince Feng Yong died, and he created another son, Feng Yi (馮翼), crown prince.
310:
in 394, Feng An's household was forcibly moved to Helong (和龍, also known as Longcheng (龍城), in modern
712:
258:. He was said to have had more than 100 sons, but after his death in 430, his brother and successor
1877:
1037:
1869:
796:
687:
456:
In 414, Feng Ba sent his official Chu Kuang (褚匡) to his ancestral home of Changle (長樂, in modern
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1937:
1933:
1921:
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1873:
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1498:
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552:
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328:
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1186:
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283:
8:
1973:
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987:
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offered a tribute of 3,000 horses to Feng Ba and requested to marry Feng Ba's daughter
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339:
118:
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Later, in 407, during the reign of Murong Bao's cruel and capricious younger brother
247:
239:
58:
949:
898:
866:
850:
837:
510:
Kuruguan Chang (庫傉官昌) and Kuruguan Ti (庫傉官提), probably relatives of Kuruguan Bin.
480:
1707:
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615:
446:
231:
157:
109:
1402:
1067:
1052:
367:
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and was said to have settled down in Shangdang Commandery (上黨, roughly modern
1962:
1057:
327:'s reign, he became a general. He came to respect Murong Bao's adoptive son
220:
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30:
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40:
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1387:
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During the next few years, Northern Wei concentrated its efforts against
496:
404:
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169:
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68:
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518:
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291:
275:
1732:
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1556:
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1196:
1121:
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992:
955:
944:
361:
319:
311:
195:
185:
250:(Emperor Huiyi), whom he supported in a 407 coup that overthrew
1478:
1101:
1091:
934:
587:
438:
279:
751:(Emperor Huiyi) according to the historian's characterization.
1191:
916:
618:, wife of Yujiulü Hulü, Khan Aidougai of Rouran (married 411)
461:
408:
282:) in the aftermaths of the conquest of the northern half of
635:
468:
and welcomed him back, creating him the Duke of Changshan.
601:
Feng Yi (馮翼), the Crown Prince (created 426, killed by
598:
Feng Yong (馮永), the Crown Prince (created 409, d. 426)
422:
That year, Feng Ba buried Gao Yun and Gao Yun's wife
331:
the Duke of Zhaoyang, and they became great friends.
302:
as a general. When Western Yan was destroyed by the
896:
355:
Effectively, the government was in Feng Ba's hands.
265:
294:. Feng Ba's father Feng An (馮安) later served the
270:Feng Ba's grandfather Feng He (馮和) was ethnically
318:), where Feng Ba grew up, apparently under heavy
1960:
717:. Princeton University Press. 1997. p. 105
692:. Princeton University Press. 1997. p. 105
667:. Princeton University Press. 1997. p. 105
483:, who had in turn overthrown Yujiulü Buluzhen.
164:Emperor Wénchéng (文成皇帝, "civil and successful")
882:
387:as princess dowager, and he created his wife
262:(Emperor Zhaocheng) had them all executed.
238:(北燕文成帝), was either the founding or second
889:
875:
727:Original from the University of California
702:Original from the University of California
677:Original from the University of California
391:as princess and his son Feng Yong (馮永) as
349:
531:
1961:
403:at the cities of Feiru (肥如, in modern
870:
576:Consort Song, mother of Prince Shouju
747:This is dependent on the status of
13:
762:Emperor Wencheng of (Northern) Yan
624:
246:of China. He became monarch after
14:
2000:
488:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
266:Family background and early life
236:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Yan
22:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Yan
641:Gwanggaeto, The Great Conqueror
846:Reason for succession failure:
741:
705:
680:
655:
216:
1:
1914:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
648:
608:Feng Shouju (馮受居) (killed by
411:) and Bailang (白狼, in modern
1984:5th-century Chinese monarchs
7:
10:
2005:
137:Tàipíng (太平): 409–430
16:Heavenly King of Great Yan
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230:(乞直伐), also known by his
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38:
28:
21:
734:
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797:Emperor of Northern Yan
132:Era name and dates
91:Changgu Mausoleum (長谷陵)
350:During Gao Yun's reign
1969:Northern Yan emperors
1848:Western Shu (405–413)
831:— TITULAR —
582:(郁久闾昭仪), daughter of
532:Personal information
286:during the reign of
256:Northern Wei dynasty
244:Northern Yan dynasty
586:, Khan Aidougai of
288:Emperor Huai of Jin
152:of Great Yan (大燕天王)
1979:Later Yan generals
1832:Huan Chu (403–404)
1667:Son of Tuoba Pugen
815:Titles in pretence
340:Empress Fu Xunying
1989:Founding monarchs
1956:
1955:
1743:Duan Qi (350–356)
1704:
1696:
865:
864:
856:Succeeded by
833:
804:Succeeded by
634:in the 2011-2012
486:Later that year,
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180:
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899:Sixteen Kingdoms
897:Monarchs of the
891:
884:
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853:
851:Sixteen Kingdoms
847:
838:Emperor of China
829:
821:Preceded by
787:Preceded by
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728:
726:
724:
722:
709:
703:
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697:
684:
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659:
473:Yujiulü Buluzhen
218:
98:
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19:
18:
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1959:
1958:
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1859:
1843:
1827:
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1754:
1738:
1712:
1708:Tuoba Shiyijian
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1522:
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625:Popular culture
616:Princess Lelang
534:
447:Princess Lelang
377:
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268:
232:posthumous name
226:(文起), nickname
158:Posthumous name
127:
124:
115:
92:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2002:
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1991:
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1431:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1403:Northern Liang
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1374:Southern Liang
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1343:
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1334:
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1331:
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1199:
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1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1068:Zhang Xuanjing
1065:
1060:
1055:
1053:Zhang Chonghua
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1018:
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932:
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863:
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857:
854:
827:
822:
818:
817:
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805:
802:
793:
788:
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782:Regnal titles
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778:
764:
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679:
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623:
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613:
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580:Yujiulü Zhaoyi
577:
568:
567:
566:
557:
556:
555:
547:
546:
545:
540:Feng An (馮安),
533:
530:
376:
373:
368:Zizhi Tongjian
351:
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267:
264:
204:
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36:
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26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2001:
1990:
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1911:
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1902:N. Dynasties
1898:S. Dynasties
1794:Murong Zhong
1774:Murong Chong
1700:Tuoba Yihuai
1687:Tuoba Yihuai
1633:Yang Nandang
1628:Yang Baozong
1541:
1528:Northern Yan
1513:Helian Chang
1446:Southern Yan
1417:Juqu Mengxun
1318:Qifu Qiangui
1255:Murong Sheng
1239:Murong Xiang
1148:Murong Huang
1073:Zhang Tianxi
1022:Former Liang
836:
835:
830:
795:
773:
765:
743:
721:19 September
719:. Retrieved
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696:19 September
694:. Retrieved
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671:19 September
669:. Retrieved
663:
657:
639:
632:Jung Ho-keun
584:Yujiulü Hulü
563:Princess Sun
526:
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504:
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470:
455:
443:Yujiulü Hulü
433:In 411, the
432:
428:naming taboo
421:
401:
397:Northern Wei
393:crown prince
378:
366:
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357:
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333:
269:
235:
227:
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208:
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201:Northern Yan
41:Northern Yan
33:of Great Yan
29:
1894:16 Kingdoms
1799:Murong Yong
1769:Murong Hong
1760:Western Yan
1703:(2nd reign)
1695:(2nd reign)
1662:Tuoba Pugen
1638:Yang Baochi
1566:Yang Maosou
1518:Helian Ding
1508:Helian Bobo
1460:Murong Chao
1435:Juqu Anzhou
1422:Juqu Mujian
1388:Tufa Lilugu
1338:Later Liang
1323:Qifu Chipan
1313:Qifu Guoren
1304:Western Qin
1228:Murong Chui
542:Western Yan
497:Helian Bobo
405:Qinhuangdao
308:Murong Chui
300:Murong Yong
296:Western Yan
272:Han Chinese
170:Temple name
143:Regnal name
110:Family name
55:Predecessor
1974:430 deaths
1963:Categories
1886:3 Kingdoms
1789:Murong Yao
1692:Tuoba Hena
1682:Tuoba Hena
1677:Tuoba Heru
1672:Tuoba Yulü
1657:Tuoba Yilu
1618:Yang Sheng
1571:Yang Nandi
1428:Juqu Wuhui
1393:Tufa Rutan
1265:Murong Yun
1244:Murong Lin
1233:Murong Bao
1168:Former Qin
1158:Murong Wei
1153:Murong Jun
1139:Former Yan
1083:Later Zhao
714:Asia major
689:Asia major
664:Asia major
649:References
638:TV series
572:Concubines
553:Lady Zhang
451:concubines
424:Empress Li
385:Lady Zhang
329:Murong Yun
325:Murong Bao
176:Tàizǔ (太祖)
119:Given name
1855:Qiao Zong
1839:Huan Xuan
1823:Zhai Zhao
1818:Zhai Liao
1811:(388–392)
1784:Murong Yi
1762:(384–394)
1720:(350–352)
1650:(310–376)
1623:Yang Xuan
1613:Yang Ding
1608:Yang Cuan
1602:Yang Tong
1559:(296–443)
1547:Feng Hong
1530:(407–436)
1501:(407–431)
1472:(400–421)
1455:Murong De
1448:(398–410)
1405:(397–460)
1383:Tufa Wugu
1376:(397–414)
1340:(386–403)
1328:Qifu Mumo
1306:(385–431)
1284:Yao Chang
1277:(384–417)
1275:Later Qin
1260:Murong Xi
1221:(384–409)
1219:Later Yan
1203:Dou Chong
1170:(351–394)
1141:(337–370)
1085:(319–351)
1063:Zhang Zuo
1048:Zhang Jun
1043:Zhang Mao
1038:Zhang Shi
1032:Zhang Gui
1024:(318–376)
969:(304–329)
909:(304–347)
907:Cheng-Han
859:Feng Hong
807:Feng Hong
610:Feng Hong
603:Feng Hong
595:Children
381:Feng Hong
336:Murong Xi
304:Later Yan
260:Feng Hong
252:Murong Xi
101:Full name
69:Feng Hong
65:Successor
50:409 – 430
39:Ruler of
1809:Zhai Wei
1779:Duan Sui
1750:Duan Kan
1596:Yang Shi
1591:Yang Jun
1586:Yang Guo
1581:Yang Chu
1347:Lü Guang
1294:Yao Hong
1289:Yao Xing
1209:Fu Chong
1182:Fu Sheng
1128:Liu Xian
1117:Shi Jian
1097:Shi Hong
999:Jin Zhun
988:Liu Cong
976:Liu Yuan
967:Han-Zhao
930:Li Xiong
801:409–430
519:Liu Song
495:emperor
466:Goguryeo
458:Hengshui
417:Liaoning
413:Zhaoyang
389:Lady Sun
365:and the
316:Liaoning
306:emperor
298:emperor
292:Han-Zhao
276:Changzhi
114:Féng (馮)
1733:Ran Zhi
1727:Ran Min
1718:Ran Wei
1576:Yang Yi
1557:Chouchi
1542:Feng Ba
1537:Gao Yun
1412:Duan Ye
1364:Lü Long
1359:Lü Zuan
1353:Lü Shao
1249:Lan Han
1197:Fu Deng
1187:Fu Jiān
1177:Fu Jiàn
1122:Shi Zhi
1112:Shi Zun
1107:Shi Shi
1005:Liu Yao
993:Liu Can
956:Fan Ben
945:Li Shou
843:409–430
824:Gao Yun
790:Gao Yun
749:Gao Yun
549:Mother
544:general
537:Father
362:Jin Shu
320:Xianbei
312:Jinzhou
248:Gao Yun
242:of the
234:as the
228:Qizhifa
213:Chinese
209:Feng Ba
196:Dynasty
59:Gao Yun
1926:W. Xia
1489:Li Xun
1484:Li Xin
1479:Li Gao
1102:Shi Hu
1092:Shi Le
1011:Liu Xi
982:Liu He
950:Li Shi
935:Li Ban
924:Li Liu
772:
588:Rouran
570:Major
477:Zhaoyi
439:Rouran
280:Shanxi
215::
123:Bá (跋)
87:Burial
1870:Shang
1192:Fu Pi
940:Li Qi
917:Li Te
774:Died:
735:Notes
559:Wife
462:Hebei
409:Hebei
375:Reign
240:ruler
224:Wenqi
186:House
47:Reign
24:北燕文成帝
1942:Qing
1938:Ming
1934:Yuan
1922:Song
1918:Liao
1910:Tang
1874:Zhou
723:2011
698:2011
673:2011
636:KBS1
612:430)
605:430)
435:khan
190:Feng
79:Died
1950:PRC
1946:ROC
1930:Jīn
1906:Sui
1890:Jìn
1882:Han
1878:Qin
1866:Xia
1648:Dai
1499:Xia
776:430
493:Xia
437:of
290:by
284:Jin
82:430
1965::
1948:/
1944:→
1940:→
1936:→
1932:→
1928:/
1924:/
1920:/
1916:→
1912:→
1908:→
1904:→
1900:/
1896:→
1892:/
1888:→
1884:→
1880:→
1876:→
1872:→
1868:→
499:.
460:,
441:,
430:.
415:,
407:,
399:.
314:,
278:,
217:馮跋
121::
112::
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919:)
915:(
890:e
883:t
876:v
725:.
700:.
675:.
644:.
211:(
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