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tribesmen, Malay people constructing houses and Maori villagers. These were people invited to London to act out scenes from their life and work in mocked up environments. Most
Festival visitors would know little or nothing of such people and would not have seen such demonstrations. Some scenes included mannequins to represent some of the people of those colonies, seen by critics today as reinforcing notions of primitivism.
2483:
1337:
74:, first Earl of Plymouth, Conservative government minister managed and promoted the Festival as a sub contracted event; it was nothing to do with the Crystal Palace company which was in receivership at the time. The 1911 Festival of Empire was one of many imperial events staged in the early twentieth century in Britain and around the Empire, following the 1909
293:"The King's Day with the Children" was arranged as part of the Festival for 100,000 children to come to enjoy the Palace and Festival events on one day and meet the King and other members of the royal family. It was also considered a great organisational challenge. The children were chosen by ballot from London schools of all backgrounds.
1279:
Company had been in receivership and a date for the auction of the site had been set for 28 November. The
Festival might well have been the last dramatic event at the site, before the land was parcelled up and sold off for housing. Fortunately, Lord Plymouth arranged a share offer, including ÂŁ240,000 from him, to save the site.
1297:
a glittering group of white pavilions, like a cluster of snowy peaks recast in molds of beauty and geographical significance". The Daily
Telegraph reported, "never before... has the home-keeping Londoner been afforded the opportunity of realising... the varied aspect of different parts of the Empire".
1278:
By the time it closed in
October 1911, four to five million people had visited the Festival of Empire, including one million to see the Pageant. However, it clocked up a massive loss of £250,000 – a debt borne by the Festival's private backers not the Crystal Palace Company. Meanwhile, that
215:
In all, there were 300 ornate buildings constructed by 7,000 workers, one and half miles of track line laid, a mix of stuffed wild animals and real ones (1,000 real wild
Australian rabbits and many Newfoundland fish). Leolyn G Hart, theatre designer, oversaw the whole construction, engaging over
1296:
The event was greatly praised by the newspapers of the day, impressed by its sheer scale and ambition. The Globe newspaper reported in May, 1911, "Nothing like this
Festival has been attempted by any nation". The Pall Mall Gazette opined that the grounds were transformed, "Aladin-like into
284:
The best architects and designers of the day were also engaged in the orchestration of the
Pageant, such as Edward Poynter and Aston Webb. The Pageant was so successful that performances were extended from July, when they were due to end, to 2 September, and a number of days were lost or spoilt due
232:
The route is shown in red on the map; the colour red and pink were used to denote the
British Empire and its dominions on maps at that time. Bridges over small lakes represented sea voyages between the countries. Some of the cars may be seen in pictures included on this page. Scenes along the route
62:
shortly before the planned opening day. The
Festival contained a display of landscapes and exhibits from the British Empire, mainly the dominion countries, to encourage emigration to those nations; and it contained a large scale pageant dramatising British history. It was described at the time
1324:
deemed representative of their ethnic traits", promoted and reinforced ideas of what it looked like to be from Africa or India, and these people were commonly described as primitives and cannibals being "saved" by the act of colonisation. As written in 'Exhibiting the Empire: Cultures of
Display',
219:
Present day critics would say that exoticism played an integral role in simulating the colonies, especially in the way that colonised peoples were depicted. The colonial exhibits familiarised British men and women with Britain's "newly acquired and distant outpost". Metaphorically, it took British
211:
The buildings were constructed of timber and plaster as they were meant to be temporary. They were linked by an electric tramway called the 'All-Red Route' on which open-sided cars took the visitor on a circular tour of the dominions with typical scenery of each country around the buildings listed
1312:
The 1911 Festival of Empire, and other such events at the Crystal Palace, served to both integrate and segregate as it reflected and reinforced hierarchies not only within British society, but also served as a facilitator to the upholding of primitivism and the inaccurate representation of people
726:
The team championship in athletics was decided on a points basis, with the countries' finishing position in each race totalling up a combined score. Canada won with the lowest score with eight points, having topped the podium in three of the five events, and was awarded the Inter-Empire trophy by
228:
The buildings of the 1911 Festival of Empire were linked by an electric tramway called the 'All-Red Route' on which open-sided cars took visitors on a circular tour of the 'dominions' with typical scenery of each country. There were displays of so-called "natives at work", including African
1300:
Present day critics question the 1911 Festival of Empire, and other such colonial events, regarding their depiction of the colonies and colonised people. This has been critically examined in relation to the 1851 Great Exhibition and the way in which it 'othered' colonised ethnic groups to
1304:
Although the 1911 Festival of Empire claimed to be an opportunity to admire and seek amusement in "the charms, the wealth and the wonders of the Empire that girdles the globe" – as written in the official flyer – in recent years questions around the mode of ethics in which it showcased the
99:
The 1911 Festival of Empire was a considerable logistical exercise and it exploited much of the latest technology of the time to create a simulation of the landscapes around the British Empire for the British public to experience on home ground. This involved masses of painted canvas and
216:
100 painters. The panorama building was adapted into an Indian pavilion, which included displays about Indian history and daily life and an exhibition of new Bengal art works curated by the India Society. It also included an Irish cottage village and an attraction named 'Empire Caves'.
245:, dramatising the history of London, England and the Empire was held. The first performance of the pageant was on 8 June 1911; in four parts, performed on separate days, it celebrated the 'magnificence, glory and honour of the Empire and the Mother Country'. Music was provided for
90:
and had similar characteristics to the Great Exhibition, for which the palace was initially built, in that it displayed an array of products and exhibits from countries around the world and promoted a western industrial culture and pro-Empire view of the world.
320:
competed in five athletics events (100 yards, 220 yards, 880 yards, 1 mile and 120 yards hurdles), two swimming events (100 yards and 1 mile), heavyweight boxing and middleweight wrestling. This is regarded as a forerunner of the British Empire Games (now
63:
as 'a social gathering of the British family' encouraging the 'firmer welding of those invisible bonds which hold together the greatest empire the world has ever known'. It has since been described as the 'ultimate imperialist propaganda showcase'.
220:
men and women to places they had never seen and, in all likelihood, would never see, as one observer enthused "the East Indian exhibits had the effect of impressing every visitor with the importance to such possessions of Great Britain".
233:
included a South African Diamond Mine and an Indian Tea Plantation, photos of which are included below. There was also "a Jamaican sugar plantation, an Australian sheep farm" and "a jungle 'well stocked with wild beasts'".
1291:
An advertising promotion for the Festival of Empire at the Crystal Palace, running from May to October 1911. The Festival features the Imperial exhibition, the Pageant of London, and many more spectacles, displays and
1688:
D.S. Ryan 'Staging the imperial city: the Pageant of London, 1911' in Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity, eds. F. Driver & D. Gilbert, Manchester University Press, 1999, pp. 117-135
1130:
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432:
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1251:
1965:
1325:
the visitors "were encouraged to compare themselves with the peoples on display and note their progress from the relatively lowly states of the human race".
2561:
2407:
1870:
1309:, yet other accounts recognise that there were underlying tensions and antipathies and that the festival did little to bridge the gap between the classes.
2586:
2576:
850:
771:
2596:
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athletes. Three scratch competitions were held alongside the championships proper: a 3/4-mile race, a 300-yard race and a two-mile team race.
2141:
1165:
1053:
2178:
1780:
Festival of Empire, The Pageant of London Guide, Imperial Exhibition and Pageant of London, Crystal Palace, 1911, official daily programme
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
874:
819:
71:
731:. The United Kingdom ended with nine points and Australasia were third with 13 points. The Australasia team combined New Zealand and
86:
and 1905 Colonial and Indian Exhibition which also took place in Crystal Palace Park. The 1911 Festival of Empire was staged at The
2238:
2116:(1911, Bemrose & Sons, London) (souvenir book, 163 pages, edited by Sophie C. Lomas; master of the pageants Frank Lascelles),
2591:
59:
1659:
1917:
2566:
2486:
2253:
1723:
A Comprehensive Biography of Composer Gustav Holst with Correspondence and Diary Excerpts, Including His American Years
728:
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1520:
1444:
75:
1378:
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Ron Opie ran in both sprints as his teammate, William A. Woodger, took ill before the event and could not compete.
242:
194:
113:
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were displayed in three-quarter size models of their Parliamentary buildings erected in the grounds, which were:
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47:
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160:
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2020:
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2036:"How the display of 'otherness' at the Great Exhibition in 1851 created a national identity in Britain"
795:
1404:
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2040:
How the Display of 'otherness' at the Great Exhibition in 1851 Created a National Identity in Britain
523:
326:
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The limited event schedule and four-nation format came in for criticism by the correspondent in the
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1949:
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83:
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1933:
2233:
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History of the Commonwealth Games from 1911, from the Australian Commonwealth Games Association
1901:
1831:
1726:
266:
250:
277:. This was performed by a military band of 50 players and a chorus of 500 voices, directed by
2007:
18:
120:
1321:
1156:
308:
As part of the festival, an Inter-Empire sports championship was held in which teams from
8:
2126:
1855:
New Zealanders in – The Empire Games – Specially written for the “N.Z. Railways Magazine”
1241:
1226:
1202:
1184:
1029:
1005:
358:
301:"Inter-Empire Championships" redirects here. For the current version of these Games, see
1918:
Inter-Empire Championships at the Festival of Empire, Crystal Palace, London, On June 24
1307:“Firmer welding of invisible bonds which hold together the greatest empire in the world”
26:
22:
View from the Canadian replica Parliament Building of the Festival at the Crystal Palace
2268:
2192:
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302:
278:
136:
87:
39:
1885:
108:
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1606:
The Official Guide to the All Red Route: The Festival of Empire, Crystal Palace, 1911
1565:
1535:
The Official Guide to the All Red Route: The Festival of Empire, Crystal Palace, 1911
1320:
The use of exhibitions where "human models were arranged into visual narratives that
184:
2223:
1557:
1287:
732:
619:
595:
346:
2137:
History of the Commonwealth Games, from the Commonwealth Games Council for England
46:
since its opening. It opened on 12 May and was one of the events to celebrate the
1667:
1405:""Let's go to the Colonies!": The Festival of Empire at the Crystal Palace, 1911"
499:
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338:
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571:
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334:
317:
149:
1452:
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1569:
1504:
Green, Alin (1911). "The Festival of Empire: Britannia's Universal Pageant".
1342:
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51:
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200:
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125:
79:
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1179:
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190:
2146:
1986:
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Empire Under Glass: The British Empire and the Crystal Palace, 1851-1911
2053:
2035:
837:
274:
55:
2136:
1561:
638:
342:
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above. There were also many other exhibits within the Palace itself.
156:
1643:"Exhibiting the Empire: Cultures of Display and the British Empire"
992:
148:
At the 1911 Festival of Empire, exhibitions of products from the
1766:
Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854 – 1936
1365:
Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854 – 1936
1861:, Volume 12, Issue 12 (1 March 1938.). Retrieved on 2014-05-31.
1838:, Volume XLII, Issue 198, 21 August 1911. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1703:
1314:
1170:
395:
362:
166:
129:
43:
483:(lost to Hardwick in first round after 2 minutes, 35 seconds)
1940:, Volume 4, Issue 1199, 7 August 1911. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1621:"Exhibiting the Empire – Cultures of Display and The Empire"
1305:"dominions" have been questioned. It was an event promoting
2152:
Article on the Empire Games, mentioning events held in 1911
1908:, Volume VI, Issue 1533, 3 July 1911. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
223:
1628:
Exhibiting the Empire – Cultures of Display and the Empire
312:(a combined team from Australia and New Zealand), Canada,
374:, who described it as not worthy of the title of Empire.
58:
would open it in 1910, however, this was postponed after
78:
at London's White City and running parallel to the 1911
1640:
1582:
112:
New Zealand replica Parliament Building (based on old
1968:. Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1966:
ATHLETICS–TRACK AND FIELD OLYMPIADS AND EMPIRE GAMES
1332:
2092:
1618:
288:
1641:McAleer & MacKenzie, John & John (2015).
1583:McAleer & MacKenzie, John & John (2015).
241:A pageant, organised by 'Master of the Pageants'
2533:
1892:. Mon 3 July 1911. Page 5. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1433:. Manchester University Press. pp. 129–130.
1987:Commonwealth Games Medallists – Athletics (men)
1924:(16 August 1911), pg. 45. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1518:
1367:. London: Hurst & Company. pp. 174–8.
2172:
2147:Medallists at the 1911 Games (at top of page)
2095:"Exhibiting the Empire – Cultures of Display"
1890:The Mercury (Hobart, Tas. : 1860 – 1954)
1700:Frank Bridge: A Thematic Catalogue, 1900–1941
1550:"London 1911 : celebrating the imperial"
296:
2073:"The Great Exhibition and Historical Memory"
1873:. Baldwin Auctions. Retrieved on 2018-03-24.
712:(retired after first round defeat to Bacon)
2562:International sports competitions in London
2186:
2102:Exhibiting the Empire – Cultures of Display
1768:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 177.
1379:"Festival of Empire, 1911 | Making Britain"
124:Canadian Building (replica of the original
2179:
2165:
2093:McAleer & MacKenzie, John & John.
2080:The Great Exhibition and Historical Memory
1956:(1911-07-14), pg. 4. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1619:McAleer & MacKenzie, John & John.
1273:
2114:Festival of Empire: the Pageant of London
1989:. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-05-31.
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1819:. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-05-31.
1697:
2587:Multi-sport events in the United Kingdom
2577:History of the London Borough of Bromley
1752:Imperialism and music: Britain 1976-1953
1720:
1585:"Cultures of Display the British Empire"
1428:
1317:", the continent of Africa and Oceania.
1286:
224:Exhibits on The All-Red Route Train Ride
135:
119:
107:
25:
17:
1841:
1763:
1547:
1362:
54:. The original intention had been that
2597:Sports festivals in the United Kingdom
2534:
2033:
1971:
1881:
1879:
1801:
1592:Cultures of Display the British Empire
1554:Observatoire de la société britannique
1301:strengthen British national identity.
2160:
1827:
1825:
1782:. London: Bemrose and Sons Ltd. 1911.
1754:. Manchester University Press: p. 190
1503:
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801:
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601:
529:
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388:
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382:
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38:was the biggest single event held at
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2070:
1402:
236:
1876:
1059:
880:
825:
625:
13:
1822:
1548:Finding, Susan (1 December 2011).
94:
14:
2618:
2120:
1859:The New Zealand Railways Magazine
705:
688:(defeated Smythe, lost to Bacon)
505:
414:
140:South African Building (based on
100:re-landscaped parts of the park.
76:Imperial International Exhibition
2481:
2470:
2469:
2406:
2187:
1804:The King's Day with the Children
1335:
1136:
1123:
1099:
1075:
1046:
1022:
998:
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919:
891:
867:
843:
812:
788:
764:
692:
668:
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612:
588:
564:
539:
516:
492:
463:
425:
401:
289:The King's Day with the Children
195:New Zealand Parliament Buildings
114:New Zealand Parliament Buildings
2086:
2064:
2046:
2027:
1992:
1959:
1943:
1927:
1911:
1895:
1864:
1810:
1795:
1786:
1772:
1757:
1744:
1714:
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1652:
1634:
1612:
1598:
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1541:
205:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
142:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
88:Crystal Palace at Sydenham Hill
1527:
1512:
1497:
1467:
1437:
1422:
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1356:
1112:
1011:
980:
856:
777:
681:
577:
549:
476:
329:. Famous competitors included
1:
2592:Festivals established in 1911
1817:Commonwealth Games Medallists
1608:. Bemrose and Sons Ltd. 1911.
1537:. Bemrose and Sons Ltd. 1911.
1349:
1237:Two-mile team race (scratch)
1143:(six yards behind runner-up)
2054:"Mary Evans Picture Gallery"
1282:
1232:(one yard behind runner-up)
1176:(eight yards behind winner)
1119:(half a yard behind winner)
832:(one yard behind runner-up)
718:
103:
7:
1802:Hussey, Sir Edward (1911).
1328:
740:
376:
161:Parliament House, Melbourne
82:in India and following the
72:Robert George Windsor-Clive
10:
2623:
2229:Inter-Empire Championships
2058:Mary Evans Picture Gallery
1950:Inter-Empire Championships
1750:Richards, Jeffrey (2001).
1521:"Festival of Empire, 1911"
1429:Auerbach, Jeffrey (2015).
1220:(two yards behind winner)
1066:(six yards behind winner)
987:(two yards behind winner)
963:(two yards behind winner)
300:
297:Inter-Empire Championships
249:by 20 composers including
66:
2465:
2415:
2404:
2267:
2199:
1721:Mitchell, Jon C. (2001).
1042:(one yard behind winner)
808:(one foot behind winner)
632:(retired due to fatigue)
2456:2023 Trinidad and Tobago
2417:Commonwealth Youth Games
2127:Souvenir book, digitized
1698:Hindmarsh, Paul (1982).
2567:World's fairs in London
2034:Grasme, Tamina (2018).
1409:In the Jungle of Cities
1274:The End of the Festival
1215:Cambridge Athletic Club
887:(inches behind winner)
150:countries of the Empire
84:1895 African Exhibition
2607:Crystal Palace, London
1954:The Nicola Valley News
1764:Piggott, J.R. (1988).
1727:The Edwin Mellen Press
1363:Piggott, J.R. (1988).
1293:
267:Henry Balfour Gardiner
251:Ralph Vaughan Williams
145:
133:
117:
31:
23:
2542:1911 in British sport
2219:Participating nations
2000:The London Daily News
1660:"Crystal Palace Park"
1519:The Open University.
1403:mark (29 July 2016).
1290:
1252:South London Harriers
1148:1320 yards (scratch)
445:(lost to Hardwick in
247:The Pageant of London
139:
123:
111:
29:
21:
2572:Colonial exhibitions
1871:Commemorative Medals
1670:on 24 September 2016
1506:The Windsor Magazine
1449:Victorianstation.com
1194:300 yards (scratch)
1157:London Athletic Club
652:Stanley Vivian Bacon
331:Stanley Vivian Bacon
2557:Festivals in London
2514: /
2234:Queen's Baton Relay
2071:Auerbach, Jeffrey.
2002:. 20 November 1911.
1445:"Victorian Station"
1242:Herne Hill Harriers
1227:Herne Hill Harriers
1203:Herne Hill Harriers
1185:Herne Hill Harriers
2552:Commonwealth Games
2269:Commonwealth Games
2193:Commonwealth Games
1886:FESTIVAL OF EMPIRE
1664:Cocgb.dircon.co.uk
1294:
608:(30 yards behind)
323:Commonwealth Games
303:Commonwealth Games
146:
134:
118:
40:The Crystal Palace
36:Festival of Empire
32:
24:
2497:
2496:
2353:1998 Kuala Lumpur
2323:1974 Christchurch
2015:Missing or empty
1934:THE EMPIRE SPORTS
1710:. pp. 69–70.
1485:on 8 January 2016
1479:Studygroup.org.uk
1271:
1270:
1071:120-yard hurdles
716:
715:
359:John Lindsay Tait
237:Pageant of London
185:Colonial Building
2614:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2518:51.421°N 0.072°W
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2441:2011 Isle of Man
2410:
2224:Commonwealth Day
2191:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2106:
2105:
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2018:
2013:
2011:
2003:
1996:
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1799:
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1792:Richards, p. 193
1790:
1784:
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1769:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1725:. Lewiston, NY:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1666:. Archived from
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1596:
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1573:
1562:10.4000/osb.1178
1545:
1539:
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1531:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:. Archived from
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:on 14 April 2017
1451:. Archived from
1441:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
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1340:
1339:
1338:
1211:W. T. Wettenhall
1140:
1138:
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1116:
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1103:
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1039:
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829:
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796:Duncan Macmillan
794:
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741:
723:Results source.
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377:
347:Malcolm Champion
285:to bad weather.
30:Map of the event
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2532:
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2383:2022 Birmingham
2378:2018 Gold Coast
2358:2002 Manchester
2263:
2195:
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2132:A 1911 postcard
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1292:entertainments.
1285:
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1200:
1182:
1168:
1162:3:21.2 minutes
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524:John Derbyshire
517:
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500:Harold Hardwick
493:
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471:Julius Thompson
464:
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451:
448:
446:
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409:Harold Hardwick
402:
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339:Harold Hardwick
306:
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291:
243:Frank Lascelles
239:
226:
106:
97:
95:Festival Design
69:
12:
11:
5:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:1911 festivals
2599:
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2584:
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2574:
2569:
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2559:
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2547:1911 in London
2544:
2523:51.421; -0.072
2495:
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2459:
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2426:2000 Edinburgh
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2338:1986 Edinburgh
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2121:External links
2119:
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1729:. p. 93.
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1475:"1911 Crystal"
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572:George Hodgson
561:
560:One-mile swim
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488:100-yard swim
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318:United Kingdom
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2331:
2329:
2328:1978 Edmonton
2326:
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2316:
2314:
2313:1966 Kingston
2311:
2309:
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2301:
2299:
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2293:1950 Auckland
2291:
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2278:1930 Hamilton
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1962:
1955:
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1946:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1922:Otago Witness
1919:
1914:
1907:
1906:Feilding Star
1903:
1902:EMPIRE SPORTS
1898:
1891:
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1882:
1880:
1872:
1867:
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1836:Auckland Star
1833:
1832:EMPIRE SPORTS
1828:
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1556:(11): 21–37.
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839:
838:220-yard dash
836:
835:
831:
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786:
783:
773:
762:
760:
759:100-yard dash
757:
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742:
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736:
734:
730:
729:Lord Lonsdale
724:
711:
701:
690:
687:
677:
676:George Walker
666:
663:
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642:
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637:Middleweight
636:
635:
631:
621:
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546:Johnson
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371:Auckland Star
366:
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335:Great Britain
332:
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325:), held from
324:
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271:Edward German
268:
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263:Cecil Forsyth
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52:King George V
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
20:
16:
2499:
2487:
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2431:2004 Bendigo
2394:
2389:2026 Glasgow
2387:
2373:2014 Glasgow
2303:1958 Cardiff
2113:
2101:
2088:
2079:
2066:
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2048:
2039:
2029:
2017:|title=
2008:cite journal
1999:
1994:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
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1905:
1897:
1889:
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1722:
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1699:
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1654:
1636:
1627:
1614:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1578:
1553:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1478:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1448:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1277:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1225:
1223:F. J. Hoskin
1213:
1201:
1183:
1169:
1155:
951:Dad Wheatley
899:Ernest Haley
737:
725:
722:
394:Heavyweight
369:
367:
314:South Africa
307:
292:
283:
259:Frank Bridge
255:Gustav Holst
246:
240:
231:
227:
218:
214:
210:
201:South Africa
181:Newfoundland
171:Centre Block
147:
126:Centre Block
98:
80:Delhi Durbar
70:
35:
33:
15:
2521: /
2451:2017 Nassau
2288:1938 Sydney
2283:1934 London
2239:Medal table
1708:Faber Music
1674:22 December
1489:22 December
1459:22 December
1180:Albert Hare
1166:Arnold Knox
1131:Frank Brown
1054:Guy Haskins
664:Undefeated
421:Undefeated
361:(both from
351:New Zealand
310:Australasia
203:– based on
193:– based on
191:New Zealand
183:– based on
169:– based on
159:– based on
2536:Categories
2506:51°25′16″N
2368:2010 Delhi
2308:1962 Perth
1383:open.ac.uk
1350:References
1313:from the "
1030:Eddie Owen
316:, and the
275:Haydn Wood
197:, pre-1907
56:Edward VII
48:coronation
2509:0°04′19″W
2446:2015 Apia
2436:2008 Pune
1570:1775-4135
1508:: 98–108.
1283:Reception
1006:John Tait
975:Mel Brock
719:Athletics
639:Wrestling
459:minutes)
343:Australia
279:W.H. Bell
187:, c. 1850
157:Australia
104:Buildings
60:his death
34:The 1911
2582:George V
2476:Category
2396:2030 TBA
1938:Dominion
1414:23 April
1388:23 April
1329:See also
993:Mile run
927:Jim Hill
875:Ron Opie
820:Ron Opie
733:Victoria
584:25:27.6
2488:Commons
2259:Results
2254:Mascots
2249:Records
1594:: 1–18.
1267:20 pts
1257:19 pts
1018:4:46.2
939:1:58.6
753:Bronze
750:Silver
454:⁄
389:Bronze
386:Silver
163:c. 1855
67:Context
2244:Sports
1733:
1704:London
1568:
1322:Latham
1315:Orient
1247:7 pts
1171:Canada
1133:
1128:
1109:
1104:
1085:
1080:
1056:
1051:
1032:
1027:
1008:
1003:
977:
972:
953:
948:
929:
924:
901:
896:
877:
872:
853:
848:
822:
817:
798:
793:
774:
769:
744:Event
702:
697:
678:
673:
654:
649:
622:
617:
598:
593:
574:
569:
544:
526:
521:
502:
497:
473:
468:
435:
430:
411:
406:
396:boxing
380:Event
363:Canada
349:(from
341:(from
333:(from
207:c.1884
177:, 1866
167:Canada
130:Ottawa
44:London
2098:(PDF)
2076:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1624:(PDF)
1588:(PDF)
1208:23.4
1095:16.0
863:23.0
784:10.4
747:Gold
512:60.6
383:Gold
173:with
2214:CGAs
2209:Bids
2021:help
1731:ISBN
1676:2016
1566:ISSN
1491:2016
1461:2016
1416:2021
1390:2021
357:and
327:1930
273:and
2204:CGF
1952:.
1558:doi
1137:VIC
1113:CAN
1089:GBR
1060:NZL
1036:GBR
1012:CAN
981:CAN
957:VIC
933:GBR
905:GBR
881:NZL
857:CAN
826:NZL
802:GBR
778:CAN
706:AUS
682:CAN
658:GBR
626:NZL
602:GBR
578:CAN
550:CAN
530:GBR
506:AUS
477:CAN
439:GBR
415:AUS
365:).
353:),
345:),
337:),
128:in
50:of
42:in
2538::
2100:.
2078:.
2056:.
2038:.
2012::
2010:}}
2006:{{
1973:^
1936:.
1920:.
1904:.
1888:.
1878:^
1857:.
1843:^
1834:.
1824:^
1706::
1702:.
1662:.
1626:.
1590:.
1564:.
1552:.
1477:.
1447:.
1407:.
1381:.
281:.
269:,
265:,
261:,
257:,
253:,
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