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appeals to humankind to give qualities to the idol of their religion because without these qualities a figure such as God would become merely an object, its importance would become obsolete, there would no longer be a feeling of an existence for God. Therefore, Feuerbach says, when humans remove all qualities from God, "God is no longer anything more to him than a negative being". Additionally, because humans are imaginative, God is given traits and there holds the appeal. God is a part of a human through the invention of a God. Equally, though, humans are repulsed by God because "God alone is the being who acts of himself".
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481:, alternately known as the Left Hegelians, who synthesized a radical offshoot of Hegelian philosophy, interpreting Hegel's dialectic march of spirit through history to mean that existing Western culture and institutional forms—and, in particular, Christianity—would be superseded. "Theology," he wrote to a friend, "I can bring myself to study no more. I long to take nature to my heart, that nature before whose depth the faint-hearted theologian shrinks back; and with nature man, man in his entire quality." These words are a key to Feuerbach's development. He completed his education at the
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729:’s theses, Feuerbach thought religion was principally a matter of feeling in its unrestricted subjectivity. So the feeling breaks through all the limits of understanding and manifests itself in several religious beliefs. But, beyond the feeling, is the fancy, the true maker of projections of "Gods" and of the sacred in general.
1157:: "One must himself have experienced the liberating effect of this book to get an idea of it. Enthusiasm was general; we all became at once Feuerbachians. How enthusiastically Marx greeted the new conception and how much — in spite of all critical reservations — he was influenced by it, one may read in The Holy Family."
669:). The pertinent portions of the two books, Feuerbach's reply, and Stirner's counter-reply form an instructive polemic. Stirner argues that, in putting the essence of Man in the place of God, Feuerbach only creates a new external idol, rather than, as Stirner does, showing the primacy of the singular ego.
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Man—this is the mystery of religion—projects his being into objectivity, and then again makes himself an object to this projected image of himself thus converted into a subject; he thinks of himself as an object to himself, but as the object of an object, of another being than himself. Thus here. Man
639:
In part II, he discusses the "false or theological essence of religion", i.e. the view which regards God as having a separate existence over against humankind. Hence arise various mistaken beliefs, such as the belief in revelation which he considers not only injures the moral sense but also "poisons,
607:
In part I of his book
Feuerbach develops what he calls the "true or anthropological essence of religion". Treating of God in his various aspects "as a being of the understanding", "as a moral being or law", "as love" and so on, Feuerbach talks of how humankind is equally a conscious being, more so
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Unlike his countrymen, whose writings on these subjects are usually enveloped in such an impenetrable mist that their most perilous ideas pass harmlessly over the heads of the multitude, Feuerbach, by his keen incisiveness of language and luminousness of exposition, was calculated to bring his
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The force of this attraction to religion, though, giving divinity to a figure like God, is explained by
Feuerbach as God is a being that acts throughout humans in all forms. God "is the principle of salvation, of good dispositions and actions, consequently own good principle and nature." It
631:
of a human's inward nature. This projection is dubbed as a chimera by
Feuerbach, that God and the idea of a higher being is dependent upon the aspect of benevolence. Feuerbach states that "a God who is not benevolent, not just, not wise, is no God", and continues to say that qualities are not
1345:, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990, p. 57: "Although Marx has rejected Feuerbach's abstract materialism," Lenin says that Feuerbach's views "are consistently materialist," implying that Feuerbach's conception of causality is entirely in line with dialectical materialism."
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suddenly denoted as divine because of their godly association. The qualities themselves are divine therefore making God divine, indicating that humans are capable of understanding and applying meanings of divinity to religion and not that religion makes a human divine.
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than God because humans have placed upon God the ability of understanding. Humans contemplate many things and in doing so they become acquainted with themselves. Feuerbach shows that in every aspect God corresponds to some feature or need of human nature. As he states:
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604:'s speculative theology in which the Creation remains a part of the Creator, while the Creator remains greater than the Creation. When the student Feuerbach presented his own theory to professor Hegel, Hegel refused to reply positively to it.
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In 1860 he was compelled by the failure of the porcelain factory to leave
Bruckberg, and he would have suffered the extremity of want but for the assistance of friends supplemented by a public subscription. His last book,
536:
immortality of reabsorption in nature. These principles, combined with his embarrassed manner of public speaking, debarred him from academic advancement. After some years of struggling, during which he published his
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were strongly influenced by
Feuerbach's atheism, although they criticised him for his inconsistent espousal of materialism. Recently, Feuerbach was "reunderstood" as one of the forerunners of modern
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made him something of a hero with the revolutionary party; but he never threw himself into the political movement, and indeed lacked the qualities of a popular leader. During the period of the
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he had given public lectures on religion at
Heidelberg. When the diet closed he withdrew to Bruckberg and occupied himself partly with scientific study, partly with the composition of his
568:, he held that he had proven "that Christianity has in fact long vanished not only from the reason but from the life of mankind, that it is nothing more than a fixed idea."
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in 1824 in order to study under the master himself. After two years, the
Hegelian influence began to slacken. Feuerbach became associated with a group known as the
1723:, vol. 8 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John W. Boyer and Julius Kirshner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 323–336.
713:, which he then joined the same year. He died on September 13, 1872. He is buried in Johannis-Friedhof Cemetery in Nuremberg, which is also where the artist
709:, appeared in 1866 (2nd ed., 1890). After his second stroke incapacitated him in 1870, collections were made to aid his financial state, mainly through the
449:
He also had three sisters: Rebekka
Magdalena "Helene" Feuerbach von Dobeneck (1808–1891); Leonore Feuerbach (1809–1885); and Elise Feuerbach (1813–1883).
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Essentially the thought of
Feuerbach consisted in a new interpretation of religion's phenomena, giving an anthropological explanation. Following
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401:. Many of his philosophical writings offered a critical analysis of religion. His thought was influential in the development of
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1405:"Ludwig Feuerbach's conception of the religious alienation of man and Mikhail Bakunin's philosophy of negation"
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In the consciousness of the infinite, the conscious subject has for his object the infinity of his own nature.
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De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis (On the
Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason)
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Geschichte der Neuern Philosophie; Darstellung, Entwicklung und Kritik der Leibniz'schen Philosophie
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Instead, Feuerbach concludes, "If man is to find contentment in God, he must find himself in God."
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Mikhail A. Kurtov (2019). ""Whence the Means?" Ludwig Feuerbach and the Origin of Media Theory".
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German commemorative postage stamp of Ludwig Feuerbach in honour of his 200th birthday, 2004
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436:(1798–1851), archaeology and philology; his son was the painter Anselm Feuerbach (1829–1880)
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Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009).
429:. Feuerbach's other brothers were almost all distinguished in scholarship or science:
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nay destroys, the divinest feeling in man, the sense of truth", and the belief in
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Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Social Theory: Dethroning the Self
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De ratione una, universali, infinita (The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason)
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1685:"Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy - Part 1: Hegel"
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Geschichte der neuern Philosophie von Bacon von Verulam bis Benedict Spinoza
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2017:
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1285:] (in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. pp. 367, 566.
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545:(1834, 3rd ed. 1877), he married in 1837 and lived a rural existence at
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2007:
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of which "the necessary consequences are superstition and immorality".
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Thus God is nothing else than human: he is, so to speak, the outward
550:
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466:
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169:
1590:
1561:
Ludwig Feuerbach: Entstehung, Entwicklung und Bedeutung seines Werks
1536:
Called to be Holy in the World: An Introduction to Christian History
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2012:
1987:
1955:
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that strongly influenced generations of later thinkers, including
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2428:
2349:
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1982:
1935:
1316:] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 507, 711.
1632:"IV. Translation of Strauss and Feuerbach—Tour on the Continent"
469:
he was led to an interest in the then predominant philosophy of
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494:
256:
1467:
Love across color lines: Ottilie Assing and Frederick Douglass
2364:
1917:
198:
1945:
1192:
Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
781:
Abälard und Heloise, Oder Der Schriftsteller und der Mensch
1305:
1274:
655:
A caustic criticism of Feuerbach was delivered in 1844 by
473:
and, in spite of his father's opposition, enrolled in the
2027:
1094:
Briefwechsel zwischen Ludwig Feuerbach und Christian Kapp
914:
Erläuterungen und Ergänzungen zum Wesen des Christenthums
587:(1841), was translated by Mary Ann Evans (later known as
549:
near Nuremberg, supported by his wife's share in a small
1763:. University of Texas, Austin, Texas: Random House, NY.
1245:
Religious and Secular Humanism – What's the difference?
461:
in 1823 with the intention of pursuing a career in the
1275:
Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) .
1614:
Scientific Materialism in Nineteenth Century Germany
1164:
1068:
Ludwig Feuerbach in seinem Briefwechsel und Nachlass
502:
On the Infinitude, Unity, and Universality of Reason
498:
De infinitate, unitate, atque, communitate, rationis
1715:Ludwig Feuerbach, “The Essence of Christianity” in
1260:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 29–30.
405:, where he is often recognized as a bridge between
1359:(1st ed.). New York: Norton. pp. 28–29.
485:(he matriculated there in 1827) with the study of
439:Eduard August Feuerbach (1803–1843), jurisprudence
417:Feuerbach was the third son of the eminent jurist
1705:(Studies in Religion and Critical Thought), 1997.
1648:
340:; 28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German
27:German philosopher and anthropologist (1804–1872)
3336:
1390:Feuerbach: The Roots of the Socialist Philosophy
30:"Feuerbach" redirects here. For other uses, see
1256:Feuerbach, Ludwig (1957). Eliot, George (ed.).
1878:
1772:. Lucerne, Switzerland: Otto Wigand, Leipzig.
1712:, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1469:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 259–260.
1742:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1703:Feuerbach and the Interpretation of Religion
884:Vorläufige Thesen zur Reform der Philosophie
1616:. D. Riedel Publishing Company. p. 28.
1572:
1892:
1885:
1871:
1620:
1354:
1231:, Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 18.
111:
3284:Relationship between religion and science
1392:, C.H. Kerr & Co., Chicago, p. 5
1255:
700:Monument to Ludwig Feuerbach in Nuremberg
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
1778:Beyond Realism: Seeking the Divine Other
1726:
1464:
1112:
890:Das Wesen des Glaubens im Sinne Luther's
695:
615:
541:(2 vols., 1833–1837, 2nd ed. 1844), and
50:This article includes a list of general
3475:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
3365:19th-century German non-fiction writers
1611:
1532:
1516:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1489:
1483:
528:(1830), contains an attack on personal
524:His first book, published anonymously,
514:The One, Universal, and Infinite Reason
508:there in November 1828 with his thesis
493:from Erlangen on 25 July 1828 with his
419:Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach
14:
3337:
2210:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
1505:
1503:
1501:
1449:
1443:
1387:
1337:
1335:
1333:
874:Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft
707:Gottheit, Freiheit und Unsterblichkeit
600:Feuerbach's theme was a derivation of
3435:People from the Electorate of Bavaria
1866:
1780:(Delaware/Malaga: Vernon Press, 2017)
1626:
1533:Maschke, Timothy H. (18 March 2016).
1402:
1108:
757:Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit
720:
526:Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit
445:(1806–1880), philology and philosophy
335:
1216:
1214:
1130:meaning home to the average reader.
739:De ratione una, universali, infinita
510:De ratione una, universali, infinita
36:
1846:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1498:
1330:
920:Ludwig Feuerbach's sämmtliche Werke
117:Portrait of Feuerbach published in
24:
1812:Works by or about Ludwig Feuerbach
1575:"Max Stirner and Ludwig Feuerbach"
711:Social Democratic Party of Germany
539:Geschichte der neueren Philosophie
412:
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3486:
3470:Theorists on Western civilization
1835:
1784:
1733:"Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas"
1573:Stepelevich, Lawrence S. (1978).
1454:, Otto Wigand, Leipzig, p. 7
1211:
825:Über Philosophie und Christenthum
519:
3445:German philosophers of education
3370:19th-century German philosophers
3360:19th-century German male writers
3319:
3318:
3308:
1828:
1790:
1409:Studies in East European Thought
1167:
1153:Engels commented on Feuerbach's
564:(1839), which deal largely with
318:
300:All theological concepts as the
41:
3460:German philosophers of religion
3410:German male non-fiction writers
1677:
1642:
1605:
1579:Journal of the History of Ideas
1566:
1553:
1526:
1458:
1314:German Pronunciation Dictionary
3450:German philosophers of history
3440:German philosophers of culture
3380:German critics of Christianity
1563:, Waxmann Verlag, 2015, p. 58.
1494:, Random House, NY, p. 86
1396:
1381:
1348:
1309:Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch
1299:
1268:
1249:
1234:
1229:Social Action and Human Nature
457:Feuerbach matriculated in the
13:
1:
3465:German political philosophers
1695:
1663:10.1080/10611967.2019.1628570
1651:Russian Studies in Philosophy
1539:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
672:
661:Der Einzige und sein Eigentum
648:, which is to him a piece of
556:In two works of this period,
397:circles, Feuerbach advocated
3415:Heidelberg University alumni
3249:Desacralization of knowledge
1758:
1749:– biography in Issue 103 of
1747:Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872)
1717:Religion and Liberal Culture
1283:The Pronunciation Dictionary
1134:
452:
443:Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach
329:Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach
133:Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach
7:
3455:German philosophers of mind
2661:Best of all possible worlds
2618:Eschatological verification
2175:Fine-tuning of the universe
1827:(public domain audiobooks)
1767:
1612:Gregory, Frederick (1977).
1258:The Essence of Christianity
1160:
849:The Essence of Christianity
831:Das Wesen des Christenthums
594:The Essence of Christianity
577:The Essence of Christianity
562:Philosophie und Christentum
465:. Through the influence of
421:, brother of mathematician
399:anthropological materialism
351:The Essence of Christianity
304:of anthropological concepts
241:Anthropological materialism
10:
3491:
1841:"Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach"
1761:What Nietzsche Really Said
1759:Higgins, Kathleen (2000).
1638:. W. H. Allen. p. 47.
1492:What Nietzsche Really Said
1490:Higgins, Kathleen (2000),
1388:Engels, Friedrich (1903),
1357:Freud: A Life for Our Time
1199:Philosophical anthropology
1195:by Friedrich Engels (1886)
768:. Ansbach: C. Brügel. 1833
585:Das Wesen des Christentums
573:Das Wesen des Christentums
348:, best known for his book
337:[ˈluːtvɪçˈfɔʏɐbax]
32:Feuerbach (disambiguation)
29:
3304:
3236:
3140:
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2111:
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1978:
1969:
1900:
1858:Marxists Internet Archive
1821:Works by Ludwig Feuerbach
1803:Works by Ludwig Feuerbach
1770:The Artwork of the Future
1452:The Artwork of the Future
1421:10.1007/s11212-010-9098-7
583:His most important work,
317:
312:
308:
294:
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234:
224:
214:
210:
180:
157:
128:
110:
103:
2890:Friedrich Schleiermacher
2476:Theories about religions
2278:Inconsistent revelations
1797:Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
1768:Wagner, Richard (1850).
1511:Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
1465:Diedrich, Maria (1999).
1450:Wagner, Richard (1850),
1278:Das Aussprachewörterbuch
1204:
819:University of California
732:
681:Feuerbach's attack upon
459:University of Heidelberg
356:critique of Christianity
185:University of Heidelberg
1739:Encyclopædia Britannica
1701:Van. A. Harvey, et al.
1519:(Winter 2008 Edition),
1155:Essence of Christianity
809:University of Wisconsin
799:University of Wisconsin
532:and an advocacy of the
434:Joseph Anselm Feuerbach
219:19th-century philosophy
71:more precise citations.
3395:German anthropologists
3390:German epistemologists
2754:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
1894:Philosophy of religion
1343:Marxism and Alienation
1132:
1118:
900:Das Wesen der Religion
795:University of Michigan
787:Kritik des Anti-Hegels
743:inaugural dissertation
701:
621:
614:
483:University of Erlangen
423:Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach
403:historical materialism
289:Philosophy of religion
193:University of Erlangen
3355:19th-century atheists
3289:Faith and rationality
3244:Criticism of religion
3182:Robert Merrihew Adams
3172:Nicholas Wolterstorff
2375:Divine command theory
1403:Uglik, Jacek (2010).
1127:
1116:
699:
679:troubles of 1848–1849
650:religious materialism
619:
610:
425:and uncle of painter
275: (November 1828)
151:Electorate of Bavaria
3430:People from Landshut
3385:Critics of religions
3375:Atheist philosophers
3279:Religious philosophy
2759:Pico della Mirandola
2724:Anselm of Canterbury
2656:Augustinian theodicy
2568:Religious skepticism
1901:Concepts in religion
1799:at Wikimedia Commons
1559:Francesco Tomasoni,
1341:Nicholas Churchich,
1263:is an object to God.
749:from the library of
475:University of Berlin
189:University of Berlin
3264:History of religion
2965:Friedrich Nietzsche
2842:Gottfried W Leibniz
2837:Nicolas Malebranche
2769:King James VI and I
2049:Abrahamic religions
1721:Keith Michael Baker
1355:Gay, Peter (1988).
1187:by Karl Marx (1845)
1184:Theses on Feuerbach
1070:(1874). 2 volumes.
747:digitized by Google
666:The Ego and His Own
543:Abelard und Heloise
388:Friedrich Nietzsche
354:, which provided a
3274:Religious language
3254:Ethics in religion
3212:William Lane Craig
3087:Charles Hartshorne
2827:Desiderius Erasmus
2729:Augustine of Hippo
2671:Inconsistent triad
2633:Apophatic theology
2628:Logical positivism
2610:Religious language
2230:Watchmaker analogy
2195:Necessary existent
1971:Conceptions of God
1931:Intelligent design
1119:
1109:Critical reception
721:Philosophical work
702:
687:Frankfurt Congress
622:
591:) into English as
384:Frederick Douglass
229:Western philosophy
3332:
3331:
3232:
3231:
3192:Peter van Inwagen
3177:Richard Swinburne
3122:George I Mavrodes
2982:Vladimir Solovyov
2922:Søren Kierkegaard
2847:William Wollaston
2794:William of Ockham
2774:Marcion of Sinope
2676:Irenaean theodicy
2666:Euthyphro dilemma
2593:Transcendentalism
2422:Womanist theology
2412:Feminist theology
2316:
2315:
2107:
2106:
1993:Divine simplicity
1913:Euthyphro dilemma
1807:Project Gutenberg
1795:Media related to
1708:Warren Breckman,
1509:Harvey, Van A., "
1476:978-0-8090-1613-6
1323:978-3-11-018202-6
1292:978-3-411-04067-4
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267: (July 1828)
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161:13 September 1872
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16:(Redirected from
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3217:Ali Akbar Rashad
3080:Reinhold Niebuhr
3040:Bertrand Russell
3035:George Santayana
2932:Albrecht Ritschl
2917:Ludwig Feuerbach
2707:
2706:
2703:(by date active)
2563:Process theology
2308:Russell's teapot
2118:
2117:
2113:Existence of God
2023:Process theology
1976:
1975:
1961:Theological veto
1924:religious belief
1887:
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1864:
1863:
1854:Ludwig Feuerbach
1850:
1837:Zalta, Edward N.
1832:
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1816:Internet Archive
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620:Ludwig Feuerbach
489:. He earned his
427:Anselm Feuerbach
393:An associate of
372:Friedrich Engels
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245:Secular humanism
203:Dr. phil. habil.
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3002:Sergei Bulgakov
2987:Ernst Troeltsch
2970:Harald Høffding
2947:
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2900:Georg W F Hegel
2895:Karl C F Krause
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2862:Baron d'Holbach
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1752:Philosophy Now
1744:
1730:, ed. (1911).
1728:Chisholm, Hugh
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2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:Unmoved mover
2031:
2029:
2028:Supreme Being
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
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1911:
1909:
1906:
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1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1855:
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1848:
1847:
1842:
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1834:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
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1789:
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1779:
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1762:
1757:
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1633:
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1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
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1576:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1548:
1546:9781498292474
1542:
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1518:
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1493:
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1176:
1170:
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1149:
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1131:
1126:
1124:
1121:According to
1115:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
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1081:
1073:
1069:
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1057:
1050:
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977:
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966:
963:
959:
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948:
945:
938:
935:
931:
924:
923:
922:(1846–1866).
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
901:
898:
895:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
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867:
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829:
826:
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796:
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779:
767:
766:
761:
758:
755:
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748:
744:
740:
737:
736:
730:
728:
718:
717:is interred.
716:
712:
708:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
670:
668:
667:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
646:Lord's Supper
643:
637:
633:
630:
625:
618:
613:
609:
605:
603:
598:
596:
595:
590:
586:
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391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
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369:
368:Sigmund Freud
365:
361:
357:
353:
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338:
330:
321:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:Notable ideas
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174:German Empire
171:
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131:
127:
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109:
102:
99:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3420:Materialists
3293:
3112:Martin Lings
3065:Emil Brunner
3055:Paul Tillich
3045:Martin Buber
2960:W K Clifford
2937:Afrikan Spir
2916:
2852:Thomas Chubb
2804:Early modern
2784:Adi Shankara
2697:Philosophers
2681:Natural evil
2597:
2573:Spiritualism
2548:Perennialism
2501:Metaphysical
2345:Antireligion
2220:Teleological
2143:Cosmological
2094:Baháʼí Faith
2059:Christianity
2018:Personal god
1844:
1777:
1769:
1760:
1750:
1737:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1679:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1636:George Eliot
1635:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1535:
1528:
1514:
1491:
1485:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1445:
1415:(1): 19–28.
1412:
1408:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1356:
1350:
1342:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1236:
1228:
1221:Axel Honneth
1190:
1182:
1154:
1152:
1148:media theory
1138:
1128:
1120:
1093:
1067:
919:
913:
899:
889:
883:
873:
854:Marian Evans
852:(1854). Tr.
847:
845:(in English)
830:
824:
815:Pierre Bayle
814:
804:
786:
780:
770:. Retrieved
764:
756:
738:
724:
706:
703:
690:
676:
664:
660:
659:in his book
654:
644:such as the
638:
634:
626:
623:
611:
606:
599:
592:
589:George Eliot
584:
582:
576:
572:
561:
558:Pierre Bayle
557:
555:
542:
538:
525:
523:
513:
509:
504:), while he
501:
497:
456:
448:
416:
392:
349:
328:
327:
302:reifications
271:
264:
163:(1872-09-13)
143:28 July 1804
118:
98:
83:
74:
55:
3425:Ontologists
3350:1872 deaths
3345:1804 births
3132:Antony Flew
3117:Peter Geach
3050:René Guénon
2997:Lev Shestov
2992:Rudolf Otto
2699:of religion
2538:Panentheism
2471:Inclusivism
2390:Exclusivism
2385:Esotericism
2355:Creationism
2335:Agnosticism
2303:Poor design
2298:Omnipotence
2225:Natural law
2200:Ontological
2153:Contingency
2003:Holy Spirit
904:2nd edition
862:2nd edition
835:2nd edition
791:2nd edition
677:During the
657:Max Stirner
560:(1838) and
534:Spinozistic
530:immortality
506:habilitated
346:philosopher
69:introducing
3339:Categories
3102:J L Mackie
3060:Karl Barth
2857:David Hume
2779:Maimonides
2764:Heraclitus
2553:Polytheism
2523:Nondualism
2511:Humanistic
2496:Naturalism
2486:Monotheism
2444:Henotheism
2439:Gnosticism
2370:Demonology
2253:747 gambit
2170:Experience
2008:Misotheism
1696:References
1366:0393025179
858:St. Mary's
772:5 February
673:After 1848
642:sacraments
629:projection
409:and Marx.
139:1804-07-28
77:April 2014
52:references
3202:Loyal Rue
2927:Karl Marx
2749:Gaudapada
2578:Shamanism
2543:Pantheism
2528:Nontheism
2506:Religious
2491:Mysticism
2464:Christian
2454:Religious
2405:Atheistic
2400:Christian
2283:Nonbelief
2268:Free will
2084:Mormonism
1908:Afterlife
1755:magazine.
1671:210578658
1599:0022-5037
1429:0925-9392
1225:Hans Joas
1140:Karl Marx
1135:Influence
1052:Volume 10
691:Theogonie
683:orthodoxy
553:factory.
551:porcelain
547:Bruckberg
491:doctorate
467:Karl Daub
453:Education
364:Karl Marx
313:Signature
181:Education
170:Nuremberg
18:Feuerbach
3324:Category
3269:Religion
3259:Exegesis
2744:Boethius
2739:Averroes
2734:Avicenna
2716:medieval
2686:Theodicy
2533:Pandeism
2449:Humanism
2417:Thealogy
2360:Dharmism
2330:Acosmism
2322:Theology
2190:Morality
2185:Miracles
2064:Hinduism
2054:Buddhism
2013:Pandeism
1988:Demiurge
1956:Theodicy
1825:LibriVox
1630:(1883).
1437:40646258
1375:16353245
1161:See also
1096:(1876).
1054:, 1866.
1040:, 1857.
1038:Volume 9
1026:, 1851.
1024:Volume 8
1012:, 1849.
1010:Volume 7
998:, 1848.
996:Volume 6
984:, 1848.
982:Volume 5
970:, 1847.
968:Volume 4
960:. 1876,
952:, 1847.
950:Volume 3
942:, 1846.
940:Volume 2
928:, 1846.
926:Volume 1
908:Stanford
906:, 1849.
902:(1846).
892:(1844).
876:(1843).
864:, 1881.
837:, 1848 (
833:(1841).
817:(1838).
807:(1837).
793:, 1844.
789:(1835).
741:(1828) (
693:(1857).
566:theology
147:Landshut
3295:more...
3028:postwar
2711:Ancient
2599:more...
2518:New Age
2459:Secular
2429:Fideism
2380:Dualism
2350:Atheism
2340:Animism
2246:Against
2089:Sikhism
2079:Judaism
2074:Jainism
1983:Brahman
1936:Miracle
1839:(ed.).
1814:at the
1098:Harvard
1056:Gallica
1042:Gallica
1028:Gallica
1014:Gallica
1000:Gallica
986:Gallica
972:Gallica
954:Gallica
944:Gallica
930:Gallica
916:(1846).
894:Harvard
886:(1843).
878:Gallica
827:(1839).
783:(1834).
759:(1830).
333:German:
251:(1820s)
205:, 1828)
65:improve
3314:Portal
2588:Theism
2481:Monism
2215:Reason
2165:Desire
2160:Degree
2128:Beauty
2042:God in
1998:Egoism
1951:Spirit
1719:, ed.
1669:
1597:
1543:
1523:(ed.).
1473:
1435:
1427:
1373:
1363:
1320:
1289:
1102:Oxford
1084:Vol. 2
1076:Vol. 1
1072:Oxford
1018:Oxford
976:Oxford
962:Oxford
866:Oxford
839:online
495:thesis
386:, and
257:Theses
236:School
225:Region
123:, 1872
54:, but
2583:Taoic
2365:Deism
2148:Kalam
2099:Wicca
2069:Islam
1918:Faith
1667:S2CID
1433:JSTOR
1312:[
1281:[
1205:Notes
733:Works
602:Hegel
471:Hegel
407:Hegel
199:Ph.D.
3145:2010
3143:1990
3141:1970
3026:1920
2948:1900
2946:1880
2883:1850
2881:1800
2273:Hell
2263:Evil
2180:Love
1946:Soul
1595:ISSN
1541:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1425:ISSN
1371:OCLC
1361:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1142:and
1088:NYPL
1080:NYPL
1060:NYPL
1046:NYPL
1032:NYPL
1004:NYPL
990:NYPL
958:NYPL
934:NYPL
774:2012
344:and
158:Died
129:Born
2713:and
2121:For
1922:or
1856:at
1823:at
1805:at
1659:doi
1587:doi
1513:",
1417:doi
841:).
745:) (
516:).
215:Era
3341::
1843:.
1736:.
1665:.
1655:57
1653:.
1634:.
1593:.
1583:39
1581:.
1577:.
1500:^
1431:.
1423:.
1413:62
1411:.
1407:.
1369:.
1332:^
1243:,
1227:,
1223:,
1213:^
1150:.
1125::
1100:;
1086:.
1082:.
1078:.
1074:.
1058:;
1044:;
1030:;
1016:;
1002:;
988:;
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956:;
932:;
860:.
856:.
797:;
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597:.
390:.
382:,
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374:,
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1673:.
1661::
1601:.
1589::
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1479:.
1439:.
1419::
1377:.
1326:.
1295:.
1104:.
1090:.
1062:.
1048:.
1034:.
1020:.
1006:.
992:.
978:.
964:.
946:.
936:.
910:.
896:.
880:.
868:.
821:.
811:.
801:.
776:.
663:(
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575:(
512:(
500:(
331:(
201:/
197:(
141:)
137:(
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79:)
75:(
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34:.
20:)
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