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Fiji Hindi

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192: 27: 467: 3676:, who had lived in India before joining the University of the South Pacific as a lecturer. He analysed Fiji Hindi and concluded that it was a unique language with its own distinct grammar, rather than "broken Hindi", as it had been previously referred to. Moag documented his findings and wrote lessons using the Fijian Hindi dialect in the book, 1055:
arrived in Fiji as free immigrants. A few Indo-Fijians speak Tamil, Telugu, and Gujarati at home, but all are fluently conversant and able to communicate using Fiji Hindi. The census reports of 1956 and 1966 shows the extent to which Fiji Hindi (referred to as 'Hindustani' in the census) was being
925:. The development of Fiji Hindi was accelerated by the need for labourers speaking different languages to work together and by the practice of leaving young children in early versions of day-care centers during working hours. Percy Wright, who lived in Fiji during the indenture period, wrote: 2827:
Many words of Hindustani origin have shifted meaning in Fiji Hindi. These are due to either innovations in Fiji or continued use of the old meaning in Fiji Hindi when the word is either not used in Standard Hindi anymore or has evolved a different meaning altogether. Some examples are:
3720:(sacred texts) but in a humorous way. He received a Government of India award for his contribution to Hindi language and literature for this novel. In June 2003, in Suriname at the Seventh World Hindi Conference, Professor Subramani was presented with a special award for this novel. 929:
Indian children born in Fiji will have a mixed language; there are many different dialects amongst the Indian population, and of course much intercourse with the Fijians. The children pick up a little of each language, and do not know which is the one originally spoken by their
1047:. By this time Fiji Hindi was well established as the lingua franca of Indo-Fijians and the Southern Indian labourers had to learn it to communicate with the more numerous Northern Indians and their European overseers. After the end of the indenture system, Indians who spoke 3261:
are formed by mentioning units first and then multiples of ten, Fiji Hindi reverses the order and mentions the tens multiple first and the units next, as is the practice in many European and South-Indian languages. That is to say, while "twenty-one" in Standard Hindi is
1608:
are also derived from Awadhi. Example: किसान गन्ना काटीस रहा। "Kisaan ganna katees raha." (The farmer cut the sugarcane). पण्डित लोगन रामायण पढ़ीन रहा/पण्डित लोगन रामायण पढ़े रहीन। "Pandit logan Ramayan padheen raha/padhe raheen." (The priests read the Ramayana).
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Other writers, including Burton (1914) and Lenwood (1917), made similar observations. By the late 1920s all Fiji Indian children born in Fiji learned Fiji Hindi, which became the common language in Fiji of North and South Indians alike.
1183:
Fiji Hindi is also understood and even spoken by Indigenous Fijians in areas of Fiji where there are large Indo-Fijian communities. A pidgin form of the language is used by rural ethnic Fijians, as well as Chinese on the islands, while
3594:, large numbers of Indo-Fijians have since migrated overseas and at present there are significant communities of Indo-Fijian expatriates in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. Smaller communities also reside on other 4165: 4489: 3692:(1985), has written a detailed account of the development of Fiji Hindi and its different forms as used by Indo-Fijians and Indigenous Fijians. Earlier, Siegel had written a quick reference guide called 4034: 1195:, many Indo-Fijians have emigrated to Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States, where they have largely maintained their traditional Indo-Fijian culture, language, and religion. 3910: 2649:
Indo-Fijians now use native Fijian words for those things that were not found in their ancestral India but which existed in Fiji. These include most fish names and root crops. For example,
4169: 3232:
The pronunciation for numbers between one and ten show slight inflections, seemingly inspired by Eastern Hindi dialects such as Bhojpuri. The number two, consequently, is
1198:
Some writers have begun to use Fiji Hindi, until very recently a spoken language only, as a literary language. The Bible has now been translated into Fiji Hindi, and the
3714:: डउका पुरान, 2001), which is the story of Fiji Lal (an old villager) as told by him to a visiting scholar to his village. The book is written in the style of the 1675:. Example: ई लोगन पानी काहे नहीं पीत हैं। "Ee logan paani kahey nahi peet hai." (Why aren't these people drinking water?), but is at present going out of use. 4430: 1616:
is found in both Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Example: प्रधानमंत्री हमलोग के पैसा दई। "Pradhanamantri humlog ke paisa daii" (The prime minister will give us money).
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Though broadly based on standard Hindi, counting in Fiji Hindi reflects a number of cross-language and dialectal influences acquired in the past 125 years.
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Words for numbers between 10 and 99 present a significant difference between standard and Fiji Hindi. While, as in other north Indian languages, words for
4191: 3793: 4026: 4463: 3602:. The last census in each of the countries where Fiji Hindi is spoken (counting Indo-Fijians who were born in Fiji) provides the following figures: 3672: 1214: 4315: 4285: 3906: 4064: 3797: 3734: 634:. Many words unique to Fiji Hindi have been created to cater for the new environment that Indo-Fijians now live in. First-generation Indians in 5070: 4230: 4259: 4110: 3723: 4483: 4516: 4420: 4149: 1578:
origin. Example: तुम मन्दिर जाता हैं / तुम मन्दिर जात हैं। "tum Mandir jaata hai/tum Mandir jaat hai." (You are going to the Temple).
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because Mauritius' Indian population contains a larger number of those whose forefathers came from the Bhojpuri speaking districts of
6901: 2808:
in Fiji Hindi specifically means a female teacher. There are also unique Fijian Hindi words created from English words, for example,
6916: 3738:, who helped translate the Biblical Gospels of Mark, Luke, Matthew and John into Fiji Hindi, written using Roman script, known as 2784:
Many English words have also been borrowed into Fiji Hindi with sound changes to fit the Indo-Fijian pronunciation. For example,
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past tense. Although, gender is used in third person past tense by the usage of "raha" for a male versus "rahi" for a female.
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in Fiji Hindi is borrowed from hotel in English. Some words borrowed from English have a specialised meaning, for example,
4922: 4004: 91: 4473: 3292:), without any additional morpho-phonological alteration. Similarly, while the number thirty-seven in standard Hindi is 5063: 4917: 63: 6596: 4404: 4385: 4366: 4131: 4095: 110: 6906: 4426: 1265: 70: 4965: 4942: 4604: 4509: 3703: 1321: 1213:
A Fiji Hindi movie has also been produced depicting Indo-Fijian life and is based on a play by local playwright,
1199: 3755:, the descendants of late 18th and early 19th century labourers who were brought or emigrated to Fiji from India 5469: 5032: 4198: 1289: 522: 48: 3591: 6248: 5286: 5056: 1337: 2802:
in Fiji Hindi means a "work gang", particularly a cane-cutting gang in the sugar cane growing districts and
77: 6219: 6039: 5885: 5205: 5037: 1273: 330: 281: 1419: 1415: 6782: 6750: 6606: 4441: 3835:
Only Bhojpuri is descended from Abahattha, not Awadhi. Awadhi comes straight from Ardhamagadhi Apabhraṃśa
335: 44: 4447: 2608:
There is no definite article ("the") in Fiji Hindi, but definite nouns can be made by adding the suffix
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origin. Example: ई बिल्ली मच्छरी खावे हैं। "Ee billi macchari KHAWE hai." (This cat is eating a fish).
1192: 732:
These are the percentages of each language and dialect spoken by indentured labourers who came to Fiji.
6891: 6316: 5027: 4937: 4681: 4502: 4307: 4281: 1235:
of Fiji Hindi are very similar to Standard Hindi, but there are some important distinctions. As in the
59: 4056: 2569:. In this example, the number is used to denote plurality. Plurals can also be stated with the use of 191: 6755: 6456: 6430: 5869: 5753: 1383: 1375: 1367: 1359: 1345: 1343: 1335: 1319: 1311: 1295: 1287: 1271: 1263: 340: 4223: 6911: 6651: 5415: 4745: 4255: 3826:
Bhojpuri is descended from Magadhan Apabhraṃśa and Awadhi is descended from Ardhamagadhi Apabhraṃśa
1226: 910: 516: 4981: 4614: 3796:, a few Fiji Hindi films became popular in the last decade, including Adhura Sapna, Ghar Pardes, 2589:(many) are also used to denote plural. There are some exceptions, however. For example, a boy is 1297: 262: 37: 1661:. Example: आप घर के सफा कर लेना। "Aap ghar ke sapha kar Lena." (You clean the house (polite)). 1642:
dialect. Example: तुम अपन मुह खोलो। "Tum apan muh khulo." (You open your mouth). Spoken in the
6859: 6728: 6004: 5798: 5625: 5153: 4986: 4853: 4830: 4782: 1385: 575: 267: 235: 6529: 6342: 5828: 5793: 5788: 5620: 5133: 5012: 4949: 4674: 4596: 4568: 4146: 1361: 717: 657: 5007: 3817:
Bhojpuri is descended from Magadhi Prakrit and Awadhi is descended from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit
6817: 6792: 6661: 6631: 6488: 6268: 6258: 6068: 5647: 5079: 4880: 4848: 4760: 4730: 4311: 3763: 3585: 1377: 649: 355: 286: 277: 272: 875:. Initially, the majority of labourers came to Fiji from districts of central and eastern 8: 6864: 6671: 6392: 6377: 6309: 6283: 6273: 6198: 5915: 5705: 5632: 5615: 5360: 5190: 4805: 4765: 4740: 4713: 4630: 3758: 2628:(the small one). Another way of indicating a definite article is by the use of pronouns: 1620: 1313: 1012: 903: 801: 567: 3963: 84: 6676: 6589: 6554: 6326: 5844: 5582: 5272: 5200: 5195: 4708: 4586: 4453: 3779: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1369: 1002: 508: 350: 6869: 6683: 6352: 6321: 6299: 6263: 6105: 6063: 5968: 5910: 5675: 5607: 5595: 5504: 5425: 5405: 5327: 5252: 5169: 5102: 4909: 4810: 4800: 4655: 4576: 4525: 4400: 4381: 4362: 4127: 4091: 4030: 3783: 2927: 2910: 1586: 1395: 1236: 1048: 1011:
Later, approximately 15,000 Indian indentured labourers, who were mainly speakers of
755: 751: 665: 627: 591: 379: 299: 6713: 6699: 583: 365: 6787: 6777: 6723: 6656: 6559: 6534: 6524: 6503: 6498: 6473: 6412: 6304: 6278: 6241: 6236: 6190: 6136: 6089: 6048: 5999: 5944: 5905: 5854: 5773: 5743: 5690: 5680: 5541: 5536: 5528: 5514: 5464: 5420: 5332: 5138: 5087: 5002: 4932: 4843: 4795: 4755: 4723: 4609: 4539: 1052: 922: 830: 780: 701: 697: 693: 685: 669: 623: 619: 603: 579: 290: 3258: 1202:
has recently begun offering courses in the language. It is usually written in the
6832: 6666: 6621: 6508: 6478: 6435: 6387: 6347: 6253: 6203: 6174: 6152: 6084: 5994: 5954: 5920: 5864: 5859: 5818: 5803: 5783: 5778: 5768: 5758: 5748: 5720: 5710: 5700: 5695: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5637: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5509: 5430: 5355: 5311: 5267: 5262: 5247: 5242: 5185: 5148: 5143: 4872: 4838: 4815: 4544: 4477: 4153: 3595: 2620:(the boy). Definite nouns are also created using the suffix "kana"; for example, 1597: 1575: 1399: 1240: 1207: 1020: 953: 918: 851: 776: 661: 611: 607: 587: 375: 359: 295: 254: 4436: 3282:, or "one-and-twenty", in Fiji Hindi the order would be reversed, and simply be 2968:
caste (more often misused/misunderstood as a term to reference a native Fijian)
2810: 2792: 6842: 6584: 6493: 6425: 6420: 6402: 6382: 6169: 6162: 6131: 6025: 5973: 5813: 5808: 5763: 5738: 5730: 5685: 5655: 5600: 5476: 5385: 5350: 5342: 5306: 5257: 5123: 5017: 4718: 4581: 4351:
Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji
3599: 3011:, meaning "cruel", is metaphorically used for a beautiful object of affection) 1684: 1036: 1016: 892: 847: 709: 689: 615: 419: 345: 3994: 3884: 2804: 1631:. Example: हम करा। तुम करेगा। "Hum karaa, tum karega." (I did, you will do). 6885: 6827: 6483: 6397: 6372: 6157: 5499: 5400: 4890: 4750: 4650: 3863: 2654: 2597:(plural). Older generations still use a similar form of plural, for example, 1643: 1543:
forms have been influenced by a number of Hindi dialects in India. First and
1391: 1310:). There is also a tendency to ignore the differences between the consonants 1256: 1185: 1040: 1032: 907: 876: 784: 705: 677: 640: 555: 444: 205: 179: 4458: 2786: 6822: 5590: 5022: 4885: 2662: 1563: 1203: 713: 571: 434: 231: 197: 3983:. Westminster: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. 3565: 3540: 3515: 3490: 3465: 3440: 3415: 3390: 3365: 3299: 3269: 3239: 2798: 492: 5900: 5715: 5221: 4790: 3684: 1044: 888: 809: 3766:, a similar language developed under similar conditions in the Caribbean 5978: 5949: 5048: 4735: 3889: 3711: 1593: 1434: 1394:
dialects. Some other characteristics of Fiji Hindi which is similar to
1244: 896: 872: 535: 429: 201: 145: 3907:"Hindi Diwas 2018: Hindi travelled to these five countries from India" 6799: 6708: 6688: 5380: 5375: 5107: 4820: 4353:, Cambridge University Press, 1987, recently reprinted in paperback). 3782:, spoken by descendants of Girmityas in Mauritius. This is more like 3752: 1651: 1260: 1057: 1024: 995: 976: 868: 681: 653: 631: 501: 485: 370: 4494: 2896:= 1600 square yards or 0.1338 hectare or 0.3306-acre (1,338 m) 26: 6837: 6579: 5930: 5395: 5390: 5370: 5128: 4895: 4060: 3859: 3845: 3773: 1448:
Shortening of long vowels before a stressed syllable. For example,
1061: 813: 6771: 6642: 6115: 5849: 5365: 3999: 3769: 3716: 3145:
Many words of English origin have shifted meaning in Fiji Hindi.
3105: 2746: 1232: 1028: 805: 6110: 5959: 5934: 5494: 5486: 5410: 5301: 5226: 4868: 3730:(Devanagari: अधूरा सपना, "Incomplete Dream"), produced in 2007. 3275: 1639: 962: 759: 545: 439: 209: 160: 4469: 4027:"Academic backs Indo-Fijian 'mother tongue' over formal Hindi" 1668:, from Bhojpuri, is used in Fiji Hindi in emphatic sentences. 5925: 5823: 4697: 3787: 3329: 1650:
districts, which provided a sizeable proportion of the first
1647: 1252: 1248: 880: 673: 595: 2561:
Fiji Hindi does not have plurals. For example, one house is
1623:
is evident in the first and second person perfective suffix
660:. It is largely mutually intelligible with the languages of 6626: 5939: 3590:
With political upheavals in Fiji, beginning with the first
3323: 2814:
taken from cane-top means slap or associated with beating.
2750: 2707: 1540: 914: 721: 635: 599: 472: 221: 1657:
Fiji Hindi has developed its own polite imperative suffix
1056:
spoken in Indo-Fijian households. Hindu schools teach the
716:
and Lumbini, but differs in phonetics and vocabulary with
6718: 3321:
Additionally, powers of ten beyond ten thousand, such as
4666: 4397:
Language transplanted: the development of overseas Hindi
4124:
Language Transplanted: The Development of Overseas Hindi
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Language transplanted: the development of overseas Hindi
1687:. Bhojpuri and Awadhi influence the Fiji Hindi tenses. 594:, other Eastern Hindi and Bihari dialects, and Standard 590:
that has also been subject to considerable influence by
3186:
locomotive (in addition to usual vehicle/boat engines)
1547:
forms of verbs in Fiji Hindi are the same. There is no
3194:
tap (faucet) (in addition to artificially made tubes)
1683:
Fiji Hindi tenses are relatively similar to tenses in
4349:, Australian National University, 1985 (Published as 3934:
Seventy-two years in Australia and the South Pacific
1390:
in Standard Hindi. These features are common in the
3210:everything is ok (used as a statement or question) 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 921:spoken in these areas with some native Fijian and 4490:Fiji Hindi: A basic course and reference grammar. 6883: 4378:Fiji Hindi: A basic course and reference grammar 3726:wrote the story for the first Fiji Hindi movie, 3678:Fiji Hindi: a basic course and reference grammar 3313: 3287: 3249: 2760: 2735: 2717: 2697: 559: 549: 539: 136: 4448:Ghar Pardes – Another movie in Fiji Hindi, 2009 4394: 4361:. Sydney: Pacific Publications (Aust) Pty Ltd. 4121: 4085: 3244:) in standard Hindi, while in Fiji Hindi it is 2391:vo ā rahā hai / vah ā rahī hai / ve ā rahe ha͠i 1627:and the first and second person future suffix 5064: 4682: 4510: 2779: 4437:Fiji Hindi version of the Gospels and Romans 4380:. Canberra: Australian National University. 4111:South Asian bilingualism: Hindi and Bhojpuri 4090:. Wiesbaden: OttoHarrassowitz. p. 127. 602:. It has also borrowed some vocabulary from 3604: 3559: 3534: 3509: 3484: 3459: 3434: 3409: 3384: 3359: 3308:or "seven-and-thirty", the number would be 3293: 3263: 3233: 1581:While the third person imperfective suffix 1366:is used in Fiji Hindi for the nasal sounds 899:in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 5071: 5057: 4689: 4675: 4517: 4503: 3333:(10 million), are not used in Fiji Hindi. 2667: 1671:Another suffix originating from Awadhi is 1433:Coda clusters are removed with the use of 1060:script while the Muslim schools teach the 561: 190: 170: 168: 4057:"Fiji Hindi film set to be released soon" 3134:native of Punjab, regardless of religion 3007:tyranny, difficulty, amazing (Hindustani 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 5078: 4308:"Bible using 'Fiji Hindi' sparks debate" 3706:, who wrote the first Fiji Hindi novel, 3318:), or 'thirty-and-seven' in Fiji Hindi. 2388:वो आ रहा है / वह आ रही है / वे आ रहे हैं 1612:The third person definite future suffix 648:, "Fiji talk". It is closely related to 16:Indo-Aryan language of most Indo-Fijians 3961: 3772:, spoken by people of Indian origin in 2555: 1654:labourers from Northern India to Fiji. 1562:The use of the first and second person 1087: 1084: 1067: 883:, while a small percentage hailed from 6884: 4395:Barz, Richard K.; Jeff Siegel (1988). 4356: 4086:Barz, Richard K.; Jeff Siegel (1988). 3946: 3931: 2866:unemployed, nothing to do, or useless 652:and the Bhojpuri-Hindustani spoken in 5052: 4670: 4524: 4498: 4427:The first novel written in Fiji Hindi 4192:"Australian Government - 2006 census" 3978: 3913:from the original on 29 December 2022 3880: 3878: 2796:in Fiji Hindi means a playing field, 1422:(as in standard Hindi). For example, 4928:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal 4375: 4288:from the original on 4 February 2010 4236:from the original on 19 January 2019 2644: 1634:The origin of the imperative suffix 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 4923:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu 4262:from the original on 23 August 2013 4122:Barz, Richard; Jeff Siegel (1988). 2822: 2601:, for more than one man (singular: 2577:means "this person" (singular) and 13: 4918:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka 4442:Adhura Sapna – Movie in Fiji Hindi 3968:. London: Oxford University Press. 3875: 3579: 2817: 14: 6928: 4414: 4067:from the original on 4 April 2007 3702:, professor in literature at the 3611:Number of Fiji-born Indo-Fijians 1452:(a common name) is pronounced as 6902:Languages of the Indian diaspora 6774:(unknown further classification) 4256:"Migration Facts Stats and Maps" 4126:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. 465: 25: 6917:Languages written in Devanagari 4966:Department of Official Language 4943:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films 4399:. Wiesbaden: OttoHarrassowitz. 4339: 4318:from the original on 7 May 2021 4300: 4274: 4248: 4216: 4184: 4158: 4140: 4115: 4104: 4079: 4049: 4037:from the original on 5 May 2021 4019: 4007:from the original on 7 May 2021 3987: 3972: 3955: 3704:University of the South Pacific 2581:means "these people" (plural). 1200:University of the South Pacific 871:mainly spoke dialects from the 775:Eastern Hindi dialects (Mainly 36:needs additional citations for 4470:Fiji Hindi words on Wiktionary 4459:Fiji Hindi-to-Hindi Dictionary 3940: 3925: 3899: 3852: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3811: 3259:numbers in standard Hindustani 3254:), just as it is in Bhojpuri. 2926:from what is today the former 2267:oo aawe hai / oo logan aat hai 1: 4334: 4224:"United States - 2000 census" 2955:gossip, idle talk, chit chat 1524: 1077:Number of households in 1966 1074:Number of households in 1956 1066: 638:, who used the language as a 6897:Central Indo-Aryan languages 4347:Plantation Languages in Fiji 3804: 3690:Plantation languages in Fiji 3202:Chinese cabbage or bok choy 3067:(Awadhi), literally meaning 2840:Original Hindustani meaning 2665:or yam. Other examples are: 2195:(He/she/they) is/are coming 1534: 1441:(religion) is pronounced as 1406:Pronunciation of the vowels 1220: 917:, combining elements of the 7: 4166:"New Zealand - 2006 census" 3951:. London: Charles H. Kelly. 3936:. Sydney: Mitchell Library. 3746: 3566: 3541: 3516: 3491: 3466: 3441: 3416: 3391: 3366: 3300: 3270: 3240: 3224: 2923:Marathi/Gujaratis (Indians) 2537: 2529: 2509: 2501: 2493: 2468: 2460: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2416: 2408: 2383: 2375: 2367: 2359: 2351: 2343: 2335: 2327: 2319: 2311: 2303: 2295: 2287: 2279: 2259: 2251: 2243: 2235: 2227: 2219: 2211: 2203: 2178: 2170: 2162: 2154: 2134: 2126: 2118: 2093: 2085: 2077: 2069: 2049: 2041: 2033: 2025: 2000: 1992: 1972: 1964: 1939: 1931: 1911: 1903: 1895: 1870: 1862: 1854: 1846: 1826: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1777: 1757: 1732: 1712: 1555:distinction is only in the 1460: 1418:, rather than monophthongs 1188:is spoken by Indo-Fijians. 1175: 1172: 1164: 1161: 1153: 1150: 1142: 1139: 1131: 1128: 1120: 1117: 1109: 1106: 1098: 1095: 644:in Fiji, referred to it as 408: 131:Fiji Baat • Fiji Hindustani 10: 6933: 3995:"Dauka Puran by Subramani" 3860:Nastaliq calligraphic hand 3665: 3583: 3314: 3288: 3250: 3140: 2994:force, strength, exertion 2780:Words derived from English 2761: 2736: 2718: 2698: 1326:(In Fiji Hindi a fruit is 1224: 1193:political upheaval in Fiji 750:Bihari languages (Mainly 727: 560: 550: 540: 364:Ardhamagadhi and Magadhan 196:Fiji Hindi written in the 137: 6851: 6808: 6764: 6741: 6697: 6640: 6614: 6605: 6572: 6547: 6517: 6466: 6455: 6448: 6411: 6365: 6335: 6292: 6229: 6218: 6183: 6145: 6124: 6098: 6077: 6056: 6047: 6038: 6018: 5987: 5893: 5884: 5837: 5729: 5646: 5581: 5574: 5527: 5485: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5341: 5320: 5294: 5285: 5235: 5214: 5178: 5162: 5116: 5095: 5086: 4995: 4974: 4958: 4908: 4867: 4829: 4781: 4774: 4704: 4696: 4643: 4623: 4595: 4567: 4558: 4532: 3610: 3607: 3560: 3535: 3510: 3485: 3460: 3435: 3410: 3385: 3360: 3294: 3264: 3234: 3218:ok (used as a statement) 2670: 2264:ऊ आवे हैं / ऊ लोगन आत हैं 1678: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1070: 993: 974: 969: 950: 945: 938: 515: 499: 483: 478: 460:Official language in 458: 453: 416: 402: 323: 251: 241: 227: 217: 189: 169: 135: 130: 125: 6652:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit 4476:23 December 2020 at the 4376:Moag, Rodney F. (1977). 3965:Pastels from the Pacific 3947:Burton, John W. (1910). 3034:small spear (for prawns) 800:Western Hindi dialects ( 6907:Indian diaspora in Fiji 4982:World Hindi Secretariat 3932:Wright, Percey (1910). 3895:(subscription required) 3740:Susamaachaar Aur Romiyo 2981:temporarily built shed 1529: 1350:(in Fiji Hindi land is 6860:Indo-Iranian languages 4987:World Hindi Conference 4959:National organizations 4938:Hindi–Urdu controversy 4605:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua 4454:Trailer of Ghar Pardes 3087:employer/owner or god 3024:yesterday or tomorrow 2863:bad, not good, useless 2593:(single) but boys are 2534: 2526: 2506: 2498: 2490: 2465: 2457: 2449: 2441: 2433: 2413: 2405: 2380: 2372: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2340: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2284: 2276: 2256: 2248: 2240: 2232: 2224: 2216: 2208: 2200: 2175: 2167: 2159: 2151: 2131: 2123: 2115: 2090: 2082: 2074: 2066: 2046: 2038: 2030: 2022: 1997: 1989: 1969: 1961: 1936: 1928: 1908: 1900: 1892: 1867: 1859: 1851: 1843: 1823: 1815: 1807: 1799: 1774: 1754: 1729: 1709: 932: 902:Over time, a distinct 704:, and the dialects of 668:, as well as with the 6530:Maharashtrian Konkani 5013:Sahitya Akademi Award 4950:Punjabi Suba movement 4421:Fiji Hindi Dictionary 4357:Siegel, Jeff (1977). 3979:Hands, W. J. (1929). 3909:. 14 September 2020. 3592:military coup in 1987 1638:can be traced to the 1437:vowels. For example, 1191:Following the recent 1043:), were brought from 927: 846:Dravidian languages ( 829:Rajasthani dialects ( 718:Modern Standard Hindi 582:, considered to be a 551:𑂣𑂺𑂱𑂔𑂲⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂲 154:𑂣𑂺𑂱𑂔𑂲⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂲 6818:Andaman Creole Hindi 6249:Bishnupriya Manipuri 6069:Caribbean Hindustani 5080:Indo-Aryan languages 4975:Global organizations 4881:Andaman Creole Hindi 4849:Caribbean Hindustani 4484:Texan talks the talk 4359:Say it in Fiji Hindi 4312:Agence France-Presse 4204:on 12 September 2006 3962:Lenwood, F. (1917). 3764:Caribbean Hindustani 3694:Say it in Fiji Hindi 3586:Fiji Indian diaspora 2556:Grammatical features 2186:ma͠i khelā kartā thā 2057:Ham aat (aawat) raha 1426:(sister-in-law) and 1227:Hindi–Urdu phonology 1210:has also been used. 869:indentured labourers 650:Caribbean Hindustani 247:(380,000 cited 1991) 236:Indo-Fijian diaspora 45:improve this article 6865:Nuristani languages 6597:Mitanni superstrate 5206:Wotapuri-Katarqalai 4282:"Tonga census 2006" 4152:9 July 2011 at the 4063:. 9 February 2007. 3759:Hindustani language 3688:, in his thesis on 3154:Fiji Hindi meaning 1834:Ham aat (aawat) hai 1013:Dravidian languages 904:Indo-Aryan language 885:North-West Frontier 568:Indo-Aryan language 331:Proto-Indo-European 180:Perso-Arabic script 6751:Proto-Indo-Iranian 6632:Early Ardhamagadhi 4533:Official languages 4147:Fiji - 2007 census 3780:Mauritian Bhojpuri 2909:tomorrow morning ( 2837:Fiji Hindi meaning 2565:and two houses is 708:of Uttar Pradesh, 351:Classical Sanskrit 336:Proto-Indo-Iranian 6892:Languages of Fiji 6879: 6878: 6870:Iranian languages 6737: 6736: 6657:Dramatic Prakrits 6568: 6567: 6543: 6542: 6444: 6443: 6361: 6360: 6317:Rajbanshi (Nepal) 6214: 6213: 6034: 6033: 5880: 5879: 5870:list of languages 5570: 5569: 5523: 5522: 5439: 5438: 5281: 5280: 5046: 5045: 4910:Language politics 4904: 4903: 4664: 4663: 4656:Pidgin Hindustani 4639: 4638: 4526:Languages of Fiji 4314:. 9 August 2002. 3949:The Fiji of Today 3893:(18th ed., 2015) 3663: 3662: 3577: 3576: 3573:chaalis aur teen 3222: 3221: 3138: 3137: 3108:(or Tamil Nadu)" 3050:castrated animal 2928:Bombay Presidency 2774: 2773: 2683:Devanāgarī Script 2645:Fijian loan words 2553: 2552: 2110:(I) used to play 1619:The influence of 1592:The third person 1522: 1521: 1358:). The consonant 1270:is replaced with 1180: 1179: 1082:Fijian Hindustani 1009: 1008: 961:Fiji Hindi-based 946:Pidgin Hindustani 865: 864: 529: 528: 409:Pidgin Hindustani 146:Devanagari script 121: 120: 113: 95: 6924: 6756:Proto-Indo-Aryan 6612: 6611: 6535:Canarese Konkani 6464: 6463: 6453: 6452: 6227: 6226: 6054: 6053: 6045: 6044: 5891: 5890: 5579: 5578: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5292: 5291: 5093: 5092: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5050: 5049: 4933:Hindi imposition 4779: 4778: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4565: 4564: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4496: 4495: 4410: 4391: 4372: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4203: 4197:. Archived from 4196: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4168:. Archived from 4162: 4156: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4119: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4033:. 5 March 2020. 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3882: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3794:Fiji Hindi films 3605: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3548:chaalis aur dui 3544: 3538: 3537: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3336: 3335: 3317: 3316: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3253: 3252: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3148: 3147: 2831: 2830: 2823:Indian languages 2764: 2763: 2749:, used to drink 2739: 2738: 2721: 2720: 2701: 2700: 2668: 2476:vah āyā / vah āī 2183:मैं खेला करता था 1690: 1689: 1598:transitive verbs 1551:distinction and 1465: 1464: 1421: 1417: 1389: 1381: 1373: 1365: 1349: 1341: 1325: 1317: 1301: 1293: 1277: 1269: 1247:spoken in rural 1243:dialects of the 1068: 1005: 988: 979: 956: 943: 942: 738:Language/Dialect 735: 734: 670:Bihari languages 565: 564: 563: 553: 552: 543: 542: 525: 511: 495: 488: 471: 469: 468: 422: 341:Proto-Indo-Aryan 257: 194: 185: 184: 183: 174: 173: 172: 166: 165: 164: 155: 151: 150: 149: 140: 139: 123: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6912:Awadhi language 6882: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6874: 6847: 6810: 6804: 6760: 6743: 6733: 6693: 6636: 6622:Ashokan Prakrit 6601: 6564: 6539: 6513: 6458: 6440: 6407: 6357: 6331: 6288: 6221: 6210: 6179: 6141: 6120: 6094: 6073: 6030: 6014: 5983: 5955:Hyderabadi Urdu 5876: 5833: 5725: 5642: 5566: 5519: 5510:Pahari-Pothwari 5481: 5435: 5416:Pahari Kinnauri 5337: 5316: 5277: 5243:Indus Kohistani 5236:Hazara Division 5231: 5210: 5174: 5158: 5112: 5082: 5077: 5047: 5042: 4991: 4970: 4954: 4900: 4863: 4825: 4770: 4700: 4695: 4665: 4660: 4635: 4619: 4591: 4560: 4554: 4528: 4523: 4478:Wayback Machine 4464:MyFijiGuide.com 4417: 4407: 4388: 4369: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4154:Wayback Machine 4145: 4141: 4134: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3977: 3973: 3960: 3956: 3945: 3941: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3858:Written in the 3857: 3853: 3849:official script 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3749: 3700:Raman Subramani 3668: 3596:Pacific Islands 3588: 3582: 3580:Spread overseas 3523:chaalis aur ek 3274:), an internal 3227: 3178:female teacher 3143: 3100:original word, 2834:Fiji Hindi word 2825: 2820: 2818:Semantic shifts 2782: 2776: 2727:wife's brother 2647: 2640:(the same one). 2612:; for example, 2573:. For example, 2558: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2521: 2512: 2504: 2496: 2480: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2439: 2428: 2419: 2411: 2395: 2386: 2378: 2370: 2362: 2354: 2346: 2338: 2330: 2322: 2314: 2306: 2298: 2290: 2282: 2271: 2262: 2254: 2246: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2214: 2206: 2190: 2181: 2173: 2165: 2157: 2146: 2142:Ham khelat raha 2137: 2129: 2121: 2105: 2101:ma͠i ā rahā thā 2096: 2088: 2080: 2072: 2061: 2054:हम आत (आवत) रहा 2052: 2044: 2036: 2028: 2017:(I) was coming 2012: 2003: 1995: 1984: 1975: 1967: 1951: 1942: 1934: 1923: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1882: 1878:ma͠i ā rahā hū̃ 1873: 1865: 1857: 1849: 1838: 1831:हम आत (आवत) हैं 1829: 1821: 1813: 1805: 1789: 1780: 1769: 1760: 1744: 1735: 1724: 1715: 1699:Standard Hindi 1681: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1490:You (Informal) 1474:Standard Hindi 1463: 1229: 1223: 1181: 1001: 986: 975: 965: 957: 954:Language family 952: 941: 919:Hindi languages 730: 580:Bihari language 521: 507: 491: 484: 466: 464: 461: 454:Official status 449: 423: 418: 398: 360:Magadhi Prakrit 326: 319: 258: 255:Language family 253: 244: 243:Native speakers 213: 177: 176: 175: 167: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 143: 142: 141: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6930: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6654: 6648: 6646: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6618: 6616: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6461: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6233: 6231: 6224: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6193: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6051: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5937: 5928: 5923: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5601:Lisan ud-Dawat 5593: 5587: 5585: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5461: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5018:Jnanpith Award 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4481: 4467: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4434: 4424: 4416: 4415:External links 4413: 4412: 4411: 4405: 4392: 4386: 4373: 4367: 4354: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4299: 4273: 4247: 4215: 4183: 4172:on 17 May 2011 4157: 4139: 4132: 4114: 4103: 4096: 4078: 4048: 4018: 3986: 3971: 3954: 3939: 3924: 3898: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3851: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3791: 3777: 3767: 3761: 3756: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3731: 3721: 3697: 3681: 3673:Rodney F. Moag 3667: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3640:United States 3637: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3584:Main article: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3498:tiis aur teen 3496: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3327:(100,000) and 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3104:, meant "from 3098: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2781: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2740: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2606: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2533: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2505: 2497: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2473:वह आया / वह आई 2464: 2456: 2448: 2440: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400:(He/she) came 2397: 2396: 2379: 2371: 2363: 2355: 2347: 2339: 2331: 2323: 2315: 2307: 2299: 2291: 2283: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2255: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2174: 2166: 2158: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2130: 2122: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2089: 2081: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2045: 2037: 2029: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2013: 1996: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1956:(I) will come 1953: 1952: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1907: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1866: 1858: 1850: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794:(I) am coming 1791: 1790: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1685:Standard Hindi 1680: 1677: 1596:suffixes (for 1539:In Fiji Hindi 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1446: 1431: 1414:as diphthongs 1334:) and between 1302:(for example, 1294:replaced with 1278:(for example, 1222: 1219: 1215:Raymond Pillai 1178: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1007: 1006: 999: 991: 990: 980: 972: 971: 970:Language codes 967: 966: 960: 958: 951: 948: 947: 940: 937: 893:Andhra Pradesh 863: 862: 859: 856: 842: 841: 838: 835: 825: 824: 821: 818: 796: 795: 792: 789: 771: 770: 767: 764: 746: 745: 742: 739: 729: 726: 710:Madhya Pradesh 584:koiné language 527: 526: 519: 513: 512: 505: 497: 496: 489: 481: 480: 479:Language codes 476: 475: 462: 459: 456: 455: 451: 450: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 426: 424: 420:Writing system 417: 414: 413: 412: 411: 404: 400: 399: 397: 396: 395: 394: 393: 392: 391: 390: 389: 388: 387: 386: 385: 384: 383: 382: 346:Vedic Sanskrit 329: 327: 324: 321: 320: 318: 317: 316: 315: 314: 313: 312: 311: 310: 309: 308: 307: 261: 259: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 239: 238: 229: 225: 224: 219: 218:Native to 215: 214: 195: 187: 186: 133: 132: 128: 127: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6929: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6828:Haflong Hindi 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6783:Chinali–Lahul 6781: 6779: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6740: 6730: 6729:Khasa Prakrit 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6005:Chhattisgarhi 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5799:Rathwi Bareli 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5573: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401:Mahasu Pahari 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4891:Haflong Hindi 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4854:Chhattisgarhi 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4746:Kinship terms 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Pidgin Fijian 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4520: 4515: 4513: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4408: 4406:3-447-02872-6 4402: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4387:0-7081-1574-8 4383: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4368:0-85807-026-X 4364: 4360: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345:Siegel Jeff, 4344: 4343: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4200: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4143: 4135: 4133:3-447-02872-6 4129: 4125: 4118: 4112: 4107: 4099: 4097:3-447-02872-6 4093: 4089: 4082: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3950: 3943: 3935: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3879: 3874: 3865: 3864:Urdu alphabet 3861: 3855: 3848: 3847: 3841: 3832: 3823: 3814: 3810: 3799: 3798:Langha Phobia 3795: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3735:Urmila Prasad 3732: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3473:tiis aur dui 3472: 3468: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3423:bis aur teen 3422: 3418: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3319: 3311: 3310:tiis aur saat 3307: 3306:saat aur tiis 3302: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3260: 3255: 3247: 3242: 3230: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3037:wire, spring 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2777: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2686:Fijian origin 2685: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2655:mullet (fish) 2652: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2517:Oo logan Aain 2515: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2500: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2226: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1919:Ham aaya raha 1917: 1913: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875:मैं आ रहा हूँ 1872: 1869: 1864: 1861: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:second person 1542: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501:You (Formal) 1500: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392:Eastern Hindi 1387: 1379: 1371: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1315: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1291: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1257:Uttar Pradesh 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1186:Pidgin Fijian 1169: 1168: 1158: 1157: 1147: 1146: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1124: 1114: 1113: 1103: 1102: 1092: 1091: 1080: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1004: 1000: 998: 997: 992: 984: 981: 978: 973: 968: 964: 959: 955: 949: 944: 936: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 913:developed in 912: 909: 908:Eastern Hindi 905: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 877:Uttar Pradesh 874: 870: 860: 857: 855: 853: 849: 844: 843: 839: 836: 834: 832: 827: 826: 822: 819: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 798: 797: 793: 790: 788: 786: 785:Chhattisgarhi 782: 778: 773: 772: 768: 765: 763: 761: 757: 753: 748: 747: 743: 740: 737: 736: 733: 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Eastern Hindi 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678:Uttar Pradesh 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642: 641:lingua franca 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576:Eastern Hindi 573: 569: 557: 547: 537: 533: 524: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 504: 503: 498: 494: 490: 487: 482: 477: 474: 463: 457: 452: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 427: 425: 421: 415: 410: 407: 406: 405: 401: 381: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 367: 363: 362: 361: 357: 354: 353: 352: 349: 348: 347: 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 337: 334: 333: 332: 328: 322: 306: 303: 302: 301: 297: 294: 293: 292: 288: 287:Eastern Hindi 285: 284: 283: 279: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 269: 266: 265: 264: 263:Indo-European 260: 256: 250: 246: 240: 237: 233: 230: 226: 223: 220: 216: 211: 207: 203: 199: 193: 188: 181: 162: 161:Kaithi script 147: 134: 129: 124: 115: 112: 104: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 62: –  61: 57: 56:Find sources: 50: 46: 40: 39: 34:This article 32: 28: 23: 22: 19: 6823:Bombay Hindi 6765:Unclassified 6662:Ardhamagadhi 6489:Berar Deccan 6343:Chittagonian 6336:Chittagonian 6009: 5829:Vaagri Booli 5794:Pauri Bareli 5789:Palya Bareli 5754:Dhodia–Kukna 5444:Northwestern 5134:Kundal Shahi 5023:Hindi cinema 4886:Bombay Hindi 4858: 4549: 4396: 4377: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4340:Bibliography 4320:. Retrieved 4302: 4290:. Retrieved 4276: 4264:. Retrieved 4250: 4238:. Retrieved 4218: 4206:. Retrieved 4199:the original 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4170:the original 4160: 4142: 4123: 4117: 4106: 4087: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4051: 4039:. Retrieved 4021: 4009:. Retrieved 3998: 3989: 3980: 3974: 3964: 3957: 3948: 3942: 3933: 3927: 3917:14 September 3915:. 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1225:See also: 1208:Devanāgarī 1058:Devanagari 911:substratum 897:Tamil Nadu 873:Hindi Belt 802:Hindustani 570:spoken by 536:Devanagari 532:Fiji Hindi 523:59-AAF-raf 430:Devanagari 366:Apabhraṃśa 305:Fiji Hindi 273:Indo-Aryan 202:Devanagari 126:Fiji Hindi 101:April 2013 71:newspapers 6800:Sheikhgal 6744:languages 6709:Abahattha 6689:Paishachi 6590:Classical 6555:Maldivian 6327:Surjapuri 6293:Kamarupic 6195:Kuswaric 6057:Bhojpuric 5845:Khandeshi 5381:Chambeali 5376:Bilaspuri 5273:Mankiyali 5201:Shumashti 5196:Nangalami 5108:Kishtwari 4775:Varieties 4761:Etymology 4731:Phonology 4587:Lomaiviti 4561:languages 3981:Polynesia 3805:Footnotes 3753:Girmityas 3567:taintālīs 3531:forty-two 3506:forty-one 3289:बिस और एक 3065:kaun chij 3047:male goat 3021:yesterday 3004:beautiful 2942:bankrupt 2935:fokatiyaa 2919:Bombaiyaa 2853:flooding 2626:chhotkana 2567:dui gharr 2005:मैं आऊंगा 1887:(I) came 1693:Sentence 1566:suffixes 1535:Etymology 1518:हम (लोग) 1261:consonant 1251:, mainly 1221:Phonology 1159:Malayalam 1071:Language 1025:Malayalam 996:Glottolog 977:ISO 639-3 682:Jharkhand 654:Mauritius 646:Fiji Baat 632:Malayalam 586:based on 502:Glottolog 486:ISO 639-3 371:Abahattha 228:Ethnicity 6856:See also 6838:Nefamese 6833:Nagamese 6724:Kamarupi 6684:Gāndhārī 6641:Middle ( 6580:Sanskrit 6518:Konkanic 6467:Marathic 6457:Marathi– 6449:Southern 6353:Rohingya 6322:Rangpuri 6300:Assamese 6264:Kurmukar 6242:dialects 6222:Kamarupa 6106:Maithili 6099:Maithili 6064:Bhojpuri 5969:Kannauji 5931:Hinglish 5911:Haryanvi 5676:Dhundari 5626:Wadiyara 5608:Jandavra 5596:Gujarati 5583:Gujarati 5505:Khetrani 5470:dialects 5426:Sirmauri 5406:Jaunsari 5396:Mandeali 5391:Pangwali 5371:Bhateali 5328:Garhwali 5287:Northern 5253:Chilisso 5129:Brokskat 5103:Kashmiri 5096:Kashmiri 4896:Hinglish 4811:Kannauji 4801:Haryanvi 4741:Numerals 4719:Pronouns 4577:Gone Dau 4474:Archived 4431:archived 4316:Archived 4292:11 April 4286:Archived 4266:11 April 4260:Archived 4231:Archived 4208:11 April 4176:11 April 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