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performance goal of a fire-rated door to slow fire propagation from one fire rated compartment to another for only a limited amount of time, during which automatic or manual fire fighting may be employed to limit fire spread, or occupants can exit the building. Fire doors are made from a range of different materials such as timber or steel. Despite not being fire resistant, timber is used as it has a very predictable char rate, depending on the density and the moisture content timber generally has a char rate of 0.5mm per minute for hardwood and 0.7mm per minute for softwood.
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components form an assembly, typically called a "doorset" which holds a numerical rating, quantified in minutes or hours of resistance to a test fire. All of the components of the fire door assembly must bear a listing agencies label (with the exception of ball-bearing hinges which meet the basic build requirements of ANSI 156.2 and NFPA 80) to ensure the components have been tested to meet the fire rating requirements.
424:
pressure readings. The numerical fire resistance rating that is required to be installed in a particular building is provided in the
Building Regulations approved Document B, or British Standards such as the BS 5588 series (e.g., 30 minutes FD30, or FD30(S) if cold smoke resistance is also required). Classifications in use which reflect the number of minutes of fire resistance offered are FD30, FD60, FD90 and FD120.
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Fire doors are not necessarily noncombustible. It is acceptable for portions of the door to be destroyed by combustion during exposure to fire as long as the door assembly meets the fire test criteria of limiting temperature on the non-fire side of the assembly. This is in accordance with the overall
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fire resistance by ignorance of the intended use and associated restrictions and requirements, or by improper use. For example, fire doors are sometimes blocked open, or carpets are run through them, which would allow the fire to travel past the fire barrier in which the door is placed. The door's
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requires annual inspections of fire-resistance rated door and frame assemblies. Local
Authorities Having Jurisdiction must adopt the new edition for this requirement to take effect. Most jurisdictions in the US will be adopting the IBC (International Building Code) model code, which references the
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NFPA 80 includes guidelines concerning field modifications of listed hardware, including frames, builder's hardware, doors, thresholds etc. The growing field of access control and electronic entry systems has resulted in some fire doors being field modified without proper listing agency approval.
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of 3/4 inch, however fire doors are tested with smaller clearances in accordance with NFPA 252. Corridors have a fire rating of one hour or less, and the fire doors in them are required by code to have a fire rating of 1/2 or 1/3 hour, the intent of which is mainly to restrict smoke travel.
423:
In the United
Kingdom a fire resisting doorset should be subjected to either a British Standard Fire Test BS 476 Part 22 1987, or a BS/EN 1634-1 2000 test. The results are recorded by the test agency and provided in a report which detail such things as constructional details, distortion data and
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Rated fire doors are tested to withstand an ASTM E119 standard time-temperature curve for a specified period. There are 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90-minute-rated fire doors that are certified by an approved laboratory designated as a
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL, e.g., Underwriters
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leaf (the swinging panel of the door) and the door frame are required to meet the guidelines of the testing agency which provides the product listing. The door frame includes the fire or smoke seals, door hardware, and the structure that holds the fire door assembly in place. Together, these
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for these types of products. In the UK, it is Part B of the
Building Regulations that sets out the minimum requirements for the fire protection that must be implemented in all dwellings this includes the use of fire doors. All fire doors must be installed with the appropriate fire resistant
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As well as ensuring the door is hung properly and squarely, it is also very important that where a fire door is installed, any gaps left in the opening between the wall and the door frame must be properly filled with fire resisting material. Fire doors are normally installed by a
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Door clearances at the door edge of the door frame (Wood Door), on the pull side of the door, do not exceed clearances listed in 4.8.4 (the clearance under the bottom of the door shall be a maximum of 3/4") and 6.3.1 (top & edges 1/8") Metal door (top & edges up to
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Sometimes fire doors have apparently very large gaps at the foot of them, an inch or two even, allowing air movement, such as in dormitory facilities. This can lead the occupants of a building to question their status as 'real' fire doors. NFPA 80 allows a
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Most fire doors are designed to be kept closed at all times. Some doors are designed to stay open under normal circumstances, and close automatically in the event of a fire. Whichever method is used, the door's movement should never be impaired by a
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When intumescent seals are used in the door design, use of the correct seal is crucial in the fire rating performance the door assembly. Seals may vary in chemical composition, expansion rate, expansion volume, and/or charring characteristics.
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In the United States, wire glass must pass the requirements of 16 CFR 1201 and be "labeled" to be used in a door. Laminate and ceramic glasses are now more likely to be used, as they more readily meet the requirements of 16 CFR 2101.
356:, or have been incorporated at the time of the door test and be subject to the overall door's product certification. Fire-resistive windows must remain intact under fire conditions and hose stream impact resistance, and can include:
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Laboratories). The certification only applies if all parts of the installation are correctly specified and installed. For example, fitting the wrong kind of glazing may severely reduce the door's fire resistance period.
501:. If the power fails or the fire alarm is activated, the coil is de-energized, and the door closes. Wireless, battery-operated, fire door retainers can also be used to safely and legally hold fire doors open.
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Field modifications of fire listed assemblies must either be inspected by a listing agency representative, or the modification must be performed by personnel certified to perform such work.
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According to building and fire codes, annual fire door inspections is the responsibility of the building owner. However, as with other mandatory fire inspections, such as the inspection of
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or other obstacle. The intumescent and smoke-seal bounding of fire doors should be routinely checked, as should the action of the door closer and latch.
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Double fire door after 3-hour fire test in a 4-hour
Durasteel wall, during successful 45PSI (3.1 bar) hose stream test leading to a UL Listing
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The door, frame, hinges, hardware, and noncombustible threshold are secured, aligned, and in working order with no visible signs of damage.
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are displayed both on the door leaves and the fire door frames, and should not be removed or painted over during the life of the building.
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NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other
Opening Protectives 2007 Edition, Annex D Fire Door and Fire Window Classifications, section D.5
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dictates that all fire doors must be tested to certain specifications in order to meet resistance approvals and certification.
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Wired glass typically withstands the fire, whereas the sodium silicate liquid also acts to insulate heat transfer, due to the
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The self-closing device is operational; that is, the active door completely closes when operated from the full open position.
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In the UK the
British Woodworking Federation outline the difference between a 'Fire Doorset' and a 'Fire Door Assembly'.
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separation. In Europe national standards for fire doors have been harmonised with the introduction of the new standard
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The final say on the acceptance of any inspection requires the approval of the AHJ (Authority Having
Jurisdiction).
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189:, which can be derated compared against the fire separation that contains it, provided that this barrier is not a
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746:, "ASTM E119 - 12 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials," Retrieved 9/21/12
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Glazing, vision light frames & glazing beads are intact and securely fastened in place, if so equipped.
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and fire code. The regulatory requirement change from country to country. For example, in
Australia, the
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Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame.
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fittings, such as the frame and door hardware, for it to fully comply with any fire regulations.
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Similar technical guidance documents and building regulations are in effect in other countries.
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Gasketing and edge seals, where required, are inspected to verify their presence and integrity.
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NFPA 80, 2007 Edition, Standard for Fire Doors, Frames and Other Opening Protectives (5.2.4)
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NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives 2007 Edition, section 4.8.4.1
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518:. In the UK the British Standard for timber fire door installation is BS 8214: 2016.
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No field modifications to the door assembly have been performed that void the label.
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Latching hardware operates and secures the door when it is in the closed position.
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If a coordinator is installed, the inactive leaf closes before the active leaf.
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NFPA 80 Standard For Fire Doors And Other Opening Protectives, 2019 Edition
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NFPA 80 5.2.4.requires the following items shall be verified, at minimum:
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Double fire door immediately after 3-hour fire test inside a 4-hour rated
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No open holes or breaks exist in surfaces of either the door or frame.
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Scope for Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies UL 10C
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BS 8214:2016 Timber-based fire door assemblies. Code of practice
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Fire doors may be made of a combination of materials, such as:
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procedure was available abolishing trade barriers within the
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644:"GSNN.SP-2-003 - Fire Door Assemblies and Window Assemblies"
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National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
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https://ajmfiresafety.com/2021/06/16/fire-doors-made-from/
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Fire doors are sometimes rendered unable to provide their
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https://firedoors.bwf.org.uk/knowledge-centre/fire-doors/
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NFPA 80 2007 edition requirement, as their local codes.
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UK regulations for fire doors. A guide about fire doors
677:"Fire Doors | The Range from FSE Special Purpose Doors"
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820:
Scope for Air Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies UL 1784
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UL treatise on fire door, hardware and window testing
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ULC Treatise on Fire Door & Fire Window Testing
1379:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
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170:of a structure and to enable safe egress from a
412:(AHJ) by meeting the requirements of the local
810:Scope for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies UL 10B
408:requirements that are acceptable to the local
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43:The examples and perspective in this article
348:Some fire doors are equipped with integral
1187:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
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314:Edges of a fire door usually need to have
1572:Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
404:All components are required to adhere to
326:strip, which expands when exposed to heat
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
905:Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
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329:Gaskets to prevent the passage of smoke
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779:. Nfpa.org. 2008-01-03. Archived from
744:http://www.astm.org/Standards/E119.htm
1596:Society of Fire Protection Engineers
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205:. Starting September 2016, a common
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1590:National Fire Protection Association
777:"NFPA article on door modifications"
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493:Some fire doors are held open by an
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293:Automatic closing devices or objects
111:Industrial grade fire door rated to
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318:seals which can be composed of:
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201:, which refers to fire doors as
154:for closures) used as part of a
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1228:Vehicle fire suppression system
916:Combustibility and flammability
840:The Fire Door Inspection Scheme
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547:No parts are missing or broken.
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158:system to reduce the spread of
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713:What are fire doors made from?
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370:fills between two window panes
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1578:Institution of Fire Engineers
1535:Fire Safety Evaluation System
1207:Personal protective equipment
646:. Database.ul.com. 2011-04-22
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410:Authority Having Jurisdiction
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1649:GHS precautionary statements
1487:Manual fire alarm activation
302:Positive latching mechanisms
185:, is often referred to as a
150:(sometimes referred to as a
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1520:Fire protection engineering
1452:Explosive gas leak detector
1269:Electromagnetic door holder
1102:External water spray system
835:Door and Hardware Institute
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57:, discuss the issue on the
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1696:Harry C. Bigglestone Award
1087:Automatic fire suppression
1027:K-factor (fire protection)
704:, accessed 9 December 2020
526:In the United States, the
478:Fire door held open by an
418:National Construction Code
343:
174:or structure or ship. In
115:curve and blast resistance
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681:FSE Special Purpose Doors
384:action of this chemical.
1546:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1462:Fire alarm control panel
1442:Carbon monoxide detector
1419:Standpipe (firefighting)
1182:Gaseous fire suppression
947:Enthalpy of vaporization
363:- usually Georgian wired
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289:Door hardware includes:
203:fire-resisting door sets
1780:Passive fire protection
1389:Pressurisation ductwork
1354:Firewall (construction)
1202:Passive fire protection
1152:Fire suppression system
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156:passive fire protection
1565:Industry organizations
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451:certification markings
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391:Fire door rating label
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148:fire-resistance rating
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599:Certification listing
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1414:Smokeproof enclosure
1274:Electromagnetic lock
982:Flammability diagram
893:Fundamental concepts
232:sections (including
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
1457:Fire alarm call box
1364:Heat and smoke vent
296:Ball-bearing hinges
27:Fire resistant door
1429:Fire alarm systems
1244:Annulus (firestop)
1172:Flashback arrestor
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987:Flammability limit
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352:which also have a
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1665:List of S-phrases
1660:List of R-phrases
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1447:Circuit integrity
1319:Fire extinguisher
1157:Firefighting foam
1052:Thermal radiation
522:Annual inspection
499:fire alarm system
440:Fire door failure
181:, it, along with
166:between separate
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16:(Redirected from
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1511:
1510:Duct cleaning
1508:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1493:
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1485:
1483:
1482:Heat detector
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
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1426:
1420:
1417:
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1412:
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1399:Smoke control
1397:
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1387:
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1088:
1085:
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1080:
1079:
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1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:Heat transfer
1015:
1013:
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1007:Friction loss
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
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988:
985:
983:
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977:Fire triangle
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968:
965:
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958:
955:
953:
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935:
933:
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924:
922:
921:Conflagration
919:
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895:
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783:on 2013-05-23
782:
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745:
740:
731:
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702:FD Fire Doors
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584:Modifications
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495:electromagnet
491:
489:
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480:electromagnet
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425:
421:
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414:building code
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285:Door hardware
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85:
82:
74:
71:February 2012
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1752:
1740:
1639:Flame spread
1525:Fireproofing
1503:and services
1404:Smoke damper
1394:Safety glass
1329:Fire hydrant
1308:
1294:Fire curtain
1254:Booster pump
1213:Relief valve
1177:Fusible link
967:Fire loading
962:Fire control
932:Deflagration
785:. Retrieved
781:the original
771:
762:
751:
739:
730:
721:
709:
696:
685:. Retrieved
683:. 2016-10-25
680:
671:
659:
648:. Retrieved
638:
587:
579:
575:fire dampers
572:
533:
525:
512:
509:Installation
503:
492:
484:
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403:
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288:
275:
224:
216:
202:
186:
183:fire dampers
168:compartments
151:
139:
137:
102:vision panel
77:
68:
44:
1359:Grease duct
1314:Fire escape
1304:Fire damper
1197:Intumescent
1142:Fire safety
1107:Fire bucket
1002:Flash point
400:Regulations
382:endothermic
324:intumescent
305:Smoke seals
260:Vermiculite
244:endothermic
113:hydrocarbon
1769:Categories
1656:(NFPA 101)
1619:CE marking
1472:Fire drill
1075:Technology
972:Fire point
957:Fire class
937:Detonation
787:2010-11-17
687:2016-11-15
650:2013-05-17
630:References
316:fire rated
221:Components
207:CE marking
18:Fire doors
1612:Standards
1541:Fire test
1369:Occupancy
1334:Fire pump
1324:Fire hose
1309:Fire door
1289:Exit sign
1264:Crash bar
1037:Pyrolysis
1032:Pool fire
997:Flashover
952:Explosive
900:Backdraft
609:Fire test
516:carpenter
332:Neoprene
299:Gas seals
276:Both the
266:Aluminium
195:occupancy
140:fire door
59:talk page
1741:Category
1705:See also
1634:EN 16034
1344:Firestop
1299:Fire cut
1022:Jet fire
1012:Gas leak
928:(HAZMAT)
911:Boilover
624:EN 16034
593:See also
488:doorstop
463:undercut
199:EN 16034
191:firewall
172:building
53:You may
1753:Commons
1586:(NCEES)
907:(BLEVE)
459:maximum
366:Liquid
350:windows
344:Windows
262:-boards
242:(as an
187:closure
146:with a
1684:Awards
1598:(SFPE)
1592:(NFPA)
1574:(FEMA)
1537:(FSES)
551:3/16")
446:listed
354:rating
255:Timber
240:Gypsum
193:or an
1775:Doors
1675:UL 94
1629:EN 54
1580:(IFE)
1209:(PPE)
461:door
310:Seals
250:Steel
246:fill)
230:Glass
164:smoke
142:is a
61:, or
1624:EN 3
1604:(UL)
666:here
528:NFPA
278:door
162:and
160:fire
144:door
322:An
1771::
679:.
271:GI
138:A
878:e
871:t
864:v
790:.
690:.
653:.
236:)
84:)
78:(
73:)
69:(
51:.
20:)
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