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538:. The First Canadian Army in North-West Europe during the final phases of the war comprised the largest field army ever under the control of a Canadian general. Ration strength of the army ranged from approximately 105,000 to 175,000 Canadian soldiers to anywhere from 200,000 to over 450,000 when including the soldiers from other nations.
509:
was away gaining valuable combat experience in Italy. However, both McNaughton and Crerar, backed up by the
Canadian government, were successful in their lobbying for the British Army to create a Canadian-led army enlarged with contributions from other Allied countries. In addition to
504:
The First
Canadian Army was international in character. The size of Canada's military contribution on its own would likely not have justified the creation of a separate army-level command in North-West Europe, especially over the period when
354:
became operational in
Normandy in early July 1944, as the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division landed. The First Canadian Army headquarters did not itself arrive in Normandy until mid-July, becoming operational on 23 July 1944 just before
642:
608:
657:
663:
315:
in 1942. Aside from this endeavour, the field army did not see combat until July 1943. In 1943, because the
Canadian government wanted Canadian troops to see action immediately, the
2142:
488:
of German forces. By this time the First
Division and Fifth (Armoured) Division as well as First Armoured Brigade and the 1st Cdn AGRA had returned to the field army during
2112:
2122:
1528:
2137:
1550:
1536:
682:
569:
251:
The First
Canadian Army's strength was 177,000 all ranks at the end of 1942. One year later it had grown to 242,000. On 31 May 1944, shortly before the
797:
1394:
1112:
307:'s aim was to keep Canada's contributions to the British Army together to lead the cross-channel assault on northwest Europe. Two brigades of the
931:
647:
637:
613:
603:
531:
1584:
545:. The route was usually divided into Maple Leaf Up and Maple Leaf Down, designating traffic to and away from the front, respectively.
2132:
2028:
1122:
951:
2044:
1618:
1102:
1033:
523:
438:. After reaching the Seine, the objective of the first phase of Operation Overlord, the field army moved along the coast towards
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1022:
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1001:
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237:
1745:
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2013:
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in early
February. By this point, the field army, besides the II Canadian Corps, contained nine British divisions. The
1823:
1666:
945:
703:
579:
535:
514:(which included the Canadian formations under command described above), other formations under command included the
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1071:
784:
328:
256:
901:
2090:
2018:
1687:
1091:
519:
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2003:
925:
864:
339:
320:
196:
1930:
1641:
988:
935:
832:
527:
474:
189:
1018:
738:
255:, Canadian troops in Europe numbered 251,000 of which 75,000 had left First Canadian Army to serve on the
1611:
815:
223:
1579:
1541:. Official history of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. Queen's Printer, Ottawa. Archived from
1202:
1955:
1656:
1488:
Terrible
Victory: First Canadian Army and the Scheldt Estuary Campaign: September 13 – November 6, 1944
1046:
185:
1985:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
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248:
formations of other nationalities were added to the First
Canadian Army to keep it at full strength.
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1707:
1061:
1011:
966:
742:
587:
515:
343:
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809:
686:
573:
407:
1312:
921:
860:
2078:
2059:
1661:
1604:
803:
627:
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422:. The Army proper first went into action in the Battle of Normandy and conducted operations at
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1975:
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1339:
1467:
Breakout from Juno: First
Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign, July 4 – August 21, 1944
387:
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at the beginning of September. The First Army, under acting command of Lieutenant-General
8:
1894:
1590:
1050:
489:
470:
431:
211:
1531:, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. Queen's Printer, Ottawa
891:
367:
1403:
1234:
455:
427:
415:
280:
199:, as the growing contribution of Canadian forces to serve with the British Army in the
1553:
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Queen's Printer, Ottawa
997:
558:
28:
1859:
1510:
1492:
1471:
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117:
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from July 1944 until May 1945. It was Canada's first and, so far, only field army.
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1935:
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1879:
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419:
165:
100:
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Chapter VII The Italian Campaign: Sicily and Southern Italy, July–November 1943
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1097:
443:
435:
284:
241:
200:
127:
1551:, Volume III The Victory Campaign: The Operations in Northwest Europe, 1944–45
1118:
366:
Senior commanders of the First Canadian Army, May 1945. Seated from the left:
2106:
1970:
1960:
1627:
1571:
399:
303:
When the First Canadian Army was formed overseas in 1942, Lieutenant-General
177:
60:
1839:
1368:
The generals: the Canadian army's senior commanders in the Second World War
1268:. Official History of the Canadian Army In the Second World War. p. 65
1205:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation. Retrieved on: 2011-12-23
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375:
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81:
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138:
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362:
1940:
1447:
In the footsteps of the First Canadian Army: northwest Europe 1942–1945
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1029:
173:
70:
1529:
Volume I Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific
2008:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1007:
195:
The army was formed in early 1942, replacing the existing unnumbered
484:
In the final weeks of the war in Europe, the First Army cleared the
1965:
1899:
208:
1444:
1057:
1993:
1914:
1395:
Bibliography of Canadian military history § Second World War
1108:
459:
450:(from 28 September 1944 to 7 November 1944), fought the critical
439:
219:
1596:
1427:
The Brigade: The Fifth Canadian Infantry Brigade in World War II
1341:
Warrior chiefs: perspectives on senior Canadian military leaders
952:
2nd Corps Defence Company (The Prince Edward Island Light Horse)
1950:
1849:
418:, the First Canadian Army was under the control of the British
50:
1998:
1337:
941:
478:
204:
80:
Canadian Army force also with UK and other national elements
1522:
Official accounts – National Defence and the Canadian Forces
731:
Nos. 41, 45, 47, 63 & 64 Army Transport Companies, RCASC
496:
and II Canadian Corps fought under the same army commander.
207:. By the end of 1943 Canadian formations consisted of three
1221:
The Canadian Army 1939–1945, An Official Historical Summary
327:
were detached from the field army for participation in the
1507:
The History of the 2nd Canadian Army Group Royal Artillery
962:
267:
541:
The 'Maple Leaf Route' was the designation of the army's
1182:(Acting Commander from 28 September to 7 November 1944)
728:
Nos. 35 & 36 Army Troops Composite Companies, RCASC
477:
was broken and the field army reached the banks of the
828:(April 1942 to November 1943; February to July 1945)
469:(Maas) from December through February, then launched
465:
The First Canadian Army held a static line along the
2143:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
1561:
1170:(Acting Commander, 21 December 1943 – 20 March 1944)
683:
25th Armoured Delivery Regiment (The Elgin Regiment)
2113:
Army units and formations of Canada in World War II
709:
Nos. 4, 5, 6 & 7 Field Transfusion Units, RCAMC
2123:Military units and formations of the Canadian Army
1402:
1313:"Structure of the Canadian Army from 1900 to 2000"
1287:Chapter VI Canadian Troops Go to the Mediterranean
798:Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
712:Nos. 9, 10 & 11 Field Dressing Stations, RCAMC
2138:Military units and formations established in 1942
1445:Angus Brown; Richard Howard Gimblett (May 2009).
1364:
1229:– via Patrick Clancey, HyperWar Foundation.
2104:
1333:
1331:
1329:
693:1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron
1217:"Chapter III New Tasks and Problems, 1941–1942"
1358:
1262:"Chapter V The Raid on Dieppe, 19 August 1942"
16:Formation of the Canadian Army in World War II
1612:
1326:
835:in Italy from November 1943 to February 1945)
734:Nos. 1 & 2 Motor Ambulance Convoys, RCASC
648:7th Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
643:4th Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
638:3rd Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
614:5th Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
609:2nd Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
604:1st Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
522:, as well as, at various times, the American
33:Formation patch worn by army-level personnel.
532:Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade
1371:. University of Calgary Press. p. 50.
793:Nos. 1, 2 & 3 Special Wireless Sections
725:Nos. 81 & 82 Artillery Companies, RCASC
346:to participate in the assault phase of the
184:in which most Canadian elements serving in
1619:
1605:
1164:(Commander, early 1942 – 21 December 1943)
846:(in Italy from July 1943 to February 1945)
442:, with the Canadian 2nd Division entering
1534:
1405:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy
1208:
668:2nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Mobile)
1338:Bernd Horn; Stephen John Harris (2001).
1176:(Commander, 20 March 1944 – summer 1945)
568:First Canadian Army Defence Battalion -
361:
266:
2045:Canadian Army Command and Staff College
1484:
1463:
1034:104th Infantry Division (United States)
870:1st Corps Defence Company (Lorne Scots)
631:No. 2 Army Group, R.C.A.(2nd Cdn AGRA)
597:No. 1 Army Group, R.C.A.(1st Cdn AGRA)
458:in October and early November, opening
218:divisions and two independent armoured
2105:
1855:Browning .50 calibre heavy machine gun
1259:
1214:
2055:Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre
1600:
1197:
1195:
1036:(mid October to early November, 1944)
887:(January 15, 1943, to June 25, 1945)
764:32nd, 33rd & 34th Field Companies
747:First Canadian Army Troops Engineers
658:15th Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery
653:10th Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery
578:No. 1 Army Headquarters Car Company,
299:, all pictured here in February 1945.
2086:
1423:
1400:
1002:49th (West Riding) Infantry Division
753:5th, 20th & 23rd Field Companies
619:56th Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery
524:104th Infantry Division (Timberwolf)
238:Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
1875:C15 Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW)
969:(August 1, 1944, to April 1, 1945)
758:2nd Canadian Army Troops Engineers
715:No. 14 Field Hygiene Section, RCAMC
664:1st Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery
492:, and for the first time, both the
13:
1388:
1192:
548:
14:
2154:
1966:LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer
1667:Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps
1626:
1557:
1012:51st (Highland) Infantry Division
991:(August 10 to September 10, 1944)
946:15th (Scottish) Infantry Division
704:Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps
580:Royal Canadian Army Service Corps
536:1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade
203:necessitated an expansion to two
2133:1946 disestablishments in Canada
2085:
2074:
2073:
1564:
1538:Volume II The Canadians in Italy
1275:– via Hyperwar Foundation.
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1086:
1082:52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division
1076:
1066:
1056:
1041:
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1017:
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996:
983:
972:
961:
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838:
820:
778:3rd Field (Reproduction) Company
737:
626:
592:
557:
188:were assigned. It served on the
27:
1971:M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer
1591:First Canadian Army, 8 May 1945
1464:Zuehlke, Mark (13 March 2012).
1424:Copp, Terry (10 October 2007).
1409:. University of Toronto Press.
1365:J. L. Granatstein (July 2005).
1072:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
808:No. 1 Canadian Forestry Group,
785:Royal Canadian Corps of Signals
769:No. 1 Workshop and Park Company
1850:C6 general purpose machine gun
1688:Structure of the Canadian Army
1485:Zuehlke, Mark (1 April 2009).
1305:
1292:
1279:
1253:
1092:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
916:4th Canadian Armoured Division
906:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
896:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
855:5th Canadian Armoured Division
844:1st Canadian Infantry Division
772:1st Field (Air) Survey Company
695:, CAC (August to October 1944)
357:4th Canadian Armoured Division
336:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
325:5th Canadian Armoured Division
317:1st Canadian Infantry Division
229:, who was replaced in 1944 by
1:
2128:1942 establishments in Canada
2050:Peace Support Training Centre
2004:Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle
1186:
1155:
926:2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade
865:1st Canadian Armoured Brigade
814:No. 1 Army Base Post Office,
340:2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade
321:1st Canadian Armoured Brigade
2118:Field armies of World War II
1642:History of the Canadian Army
1401:Copp, Terry (29 July 2004).
1049:(January to March, 1945 for
989:1st Belgian Infantry Brigade
936:Polish 1st Armoured Division
796:First Army Troops Workshop,
790:1st Air Support Signals Unit
528:1st Belgian Infantry Brigade
520:1st Polish Armoured Division
7:
1302:. Retrieved on: 2012-12-24.
1289:. Retrieved on: 2012-12-24.
1266:The Canadian Army 1939-1945
1123:6th Guards Armoured Brigade
553:Second World War 1939–1945
359:arriving on the Continent.
10:
2159:
1986:Armoured fighting vehicles
1657:Military History of Canada
1491:. Douglas & McIntyre.
1470:. Douglas & McIntyre.
1392:
454:along with the supporting
386:. Standing from the left:
262:
227:A. G. L. "Andy" McNaughton
222:. The first commander was
2068:
2037:
1984:
1961:C3 close support howitzer
1923:
1905:C13 fragmentation grenade
1832:
1816:
1755:
1722:Mechanized brigade groups
1721:
1680:
1634:
1587:– Veterans Affairs Canada
1580:canadiansoldiers.com page
1535:Nicholson, G W L (1956).
700:Casualty Clearing Station
572:(until April 1944) &
499:
145:
134:
123:
111:
106:
96:
88:
76:
66:
56:
46:
38:
26:
21:
1062:Guards Armoured Division
948:(January to March, 1945)
802:No. 11 Provost Company,
775:2nd Field Survey Company
743:Royal Canadian Engineers
634:19th Army Field Regiment
600:11th Army Field Regiment
588:Royal Canadian Artillery
434:) and helping close the
1860:Browning-HP 9 mm pistol
1585:The First Canadian Army
810:Canadian Forestry Corps
761:11th Field Park Company
750:10th Field Park Company
687:Canadian Armoured Corps
574:Royal Montreal Regiment
236:. Both had been senior
234:H. D. G. "Harry" Crerar
176:and a formation of the
2060:Combat Training Centre
1662:Fort Frontenac Library
1505:Robin Dickers (2012).
1103:79th Armoured Division
980:(to 3 September 1944)
804:Canadian Provost Corps
411:
342:were also detached to
300:
281:Sir Bernard Montgomery
169:
1910:M203 grenade launcher
1708:5th Canadian Division
1703:4th Canadian Division
1698:3rd Canadian Division
1693:2nd Canadian Division
1344:. Dundurn Press Ltd.
1298:Stacey, C.P. (1948).
1285:Stacey, C.P. (1948).
1203:"First Canadian Army"
1143:34th Armoured Brigade
1023:33rd Armoured Brigade
1014:(to 19 December 1944)
978:6th Airborne Division
816:Canadian Postal Corps
720:Canadian Dental Corps
462:for Allied shipping.
452:Battle of the Scheldt
365:
309:2nd Canadian Division
287:(both British Army),
270:
1931:Carl Gustav SRAAW(M)
1840:C9 light machine gun
1549:Stacey, C P. (1960)
1527:Stacey, C P. (1955)
1509:. London: Lonsdale.
1260:Stacey, C.P (1948).
1215:Stacey, C.P (1948).
1133:8th Armoured Brigade
1113:4th Armoured Brigade
783:First Army Signals,
562:First Canadian Army
271:From left to right:
1845:C7 rifle/C8 carbine
1652:First Canadian Army
1593:– Juno Beach Centre
1449:. Magic Light Pub.
1430:. Stackpole Books.
1051:Operation Veritable
1025:(to September 1944)
833:British Eighth Army
490:Operation Goldflake
471:Operation Veritable
432:Operation Tractable
334:In early 1944, the
162:First Canadian Army
22:First Canadian Army
1315:. canadiansoldiers
956:Other Corps Troops
874:Other Corps Troops
671:1st Rocket Battery
456:Operation Pheasant
428:Operation Totalize
416:Operation Overlord
412:
311:led the ill-fated
301:
224:Lieutenant-General
2100:
2099:
1951:RBS 70 NG MANPADS
1880:C3A1 sniper rifle
1515:978-0-9569969-9-2
1498:978-1-55365-404-9
1477:978-1-55365-325-7
1456:978-1-894673-33-4
1437:978-0-8117-3422-6
1416:978-0-8020-3780-0
1378:978-1-55238-176-2
1351:978-1-55002-351-0
1201:Harris, Stephen.
1162:Andrew McNaughton
1047:XXX British Corps
885:II Canadian Corps
831:(attached to the
674:1st Radar Battery
543:main supply route
512:II Canadian Corps
402:(standing in for
352:II Canadian Corps
348:Normandy landings
305:Andrew McNaughton
273:Christopher Vokes
253:Normandy landings
186:North-West Europe
170:1Armée canadienne
155:
154:
118:Andrew McNaughton
2150:
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1900:C21 sniper rifle
1817:Support brigades
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826:I Canadian Corps
824:
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630:
596:
561:
507:I Canadian Corps
494:I Canadian Corps
481:in early March.
384:Bert Hoffmeister
368:Stanisław Maczek
329:Italian Campaign
244:in World War I.
240:officers in the
114:
31:
19:
18:
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2019:M113A3 and MTVL
1980:
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1389:Further reading
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967:I British Corps
660:, (disb Dec 44)
621:(from Mar 1945)
551:
549:Order of battle
516:British I Corps
502:
420:21st Army Group
410:(British Army).
380:Charles Foulkes
370:(Polish Army),
344:British I Corps
265:
158:
112:
101:21st Army Group
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1924:Crewed weapons
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1885:C14 Timberwolf
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1647:Canadian Corps
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1559:
1558:External links
1556:
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1946:81 mm mortar
1941:TOW LRAAW(H)
1915:M72 SRAAW(L)
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376:Harry Crerar
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97:Part of
82:World War II
1243:|work=
1180:Guy Simonds
570:Lorne Scots
486:Netherlands
467:river Meuse
448:Guy Simonds
404:Chris Vokes
372:Guy Simonds
313:Dieppe Raid
293:Daniel Spry
289:Guy Simonds
139:Guy Simonds
2107:Categories
1936:Spike ATGM
1870:C22 pistol
1833:Small arms
1319:2011-12-24
1272:2012-12-24
1226:2011-12-23
1187:References
1156:Commanders
518:, and the
174:field army
107:Commanders
71:Field army
2014:Bison APC
2009:Leopard 2
1890:C19 rifle
1865:P225, 226
1743:(former)
1681:Structure
1245:ignored (
1235:cite book
212:divisions
146:1944–1945
124:1943–1944
113:1942–1943
42:1942–1946
2079:Category
1976:C16 CASW
1956:Skyguard
220:brigades
216:armoured
209:infantry
172:) was a
141:(acting)
130:(acting)
2091:Commons
2038:Schools
1994:LAV III
1895:C20 DMR
1635:History
706:(RCAMC)
582:(RCASC)
460:Antwerp
440:Belgium
424:Falaise
414:During
263:History
231:General
92:251,000
47:Country
1999:LAV VI
1824:6 CCSB
1808:41 CBG
1803:39 CBG
1798:38 CBG
1793:37 CBG
1788:36 CBG
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1778:34 CBG
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1729:1 CMBG
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246:Allied
214:, two
166:French
57:Branch
51:Canada
39:Active
2024:RG-31
722:(CDC)
689:(CAC)
479:Rhine
205:corps
1511:ISBN
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1472:ISBN
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1373:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1247:help
534:and
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135:1944
89:Size
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67:Type
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