27:
362:
411:
210:
134:
Burke oversaw preparation of a report to the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees entitled "The Aging Fleet." The idea that became FRAM was only one of six recommendations of a special committee to address the poor material conditions of ships built during World War II. Those recommendations
386:, and new sonar and radar systems. The 21-inch torpedo tubes between the funnels were removed, and the 8-round ASROC launcher (FRAM I only) placed there instead. All 3-inch/50 cal gun mounts were removed, and the after superstructure was used for the DASH's
494:
All classes came in for FRAM II refits starting about 1959, being rotated out of service in order to keep as many ships at sea as possible. The upgrades were complete by 1965, and most of the ships involved continued to serve actively until the late 1960s.
328:, which had the 5-inch/38 mounts 3 and 4 removed in exchange for two twin 3-inch/50 caliber gun mounts above the after deckhouse connected to a computer controlled aft director. FRAM II changes saw the replacement of the Hedgehog mount with a Mark 108
459:, the new 12.75-inch triple torpedo tubes were placed where the older 21-inch ones had been, and ASROC was not installed. Typically, all three 5-inch/38 twin mounts were retained. Additionally, two new 21-inch torpedo tubes for the
490:
FRAM IIs received ASROC. The retained DDRs kept all six 5-inch guns, and photographs show their DASH hangar was smaller than on other ships, plus the landing pad had no markings, so they may not have received the DASH.
482:
destroyers (DDRs) and six escort destroyers (DDEs) that retained their specialized equipment (radar or trainable
Hedgehog), as well as four former DDRs that were converted to near-twins of the
398:
for the 12.75-inch Mk.44 torpedo placed just behind the rear funnel. This modernization was designed to extend the life of the destroyer by at least eight years. Eventually, all but three
455:
class received only armament modifications under FRAM II, and not all ships of the class received the FRAM upgrades. Although the rear deck was also converted as a flight deck for the
527:
s lasted somewhat longer in US service, with most decommissioned and transferred to foreign navies 1973–1980. The FRAM destroyers were replaced as ASW ships by the
268:
In Navy slang, the modified destroyers were called "FRAM cans", "can" being a contraction of "tin can", the slang term for a destroyer or smaller destroyer escort.
594:
564:(NRF), remaining in commission with a partial active crew to provide training for Naval reservists. The last FRAM destroyer in US naval service was
791:
796:
131:, so Admiral Burke instead looked for ways to modify the existing World War II destroyer, which were rapidly becoming outdated anyway.
523:
s were left without a standoff ASW capability, and were decommissioned 1970–1973, with most being transferred to foreign navies. The
545:
FRAM I destroyer, with the addition of more and faster ASROC reloads, improved sonar, and a piloted helicopter, typically the
336:
for the 12.75-inch (324 mm) Mk.44 torpedo and the removal of the 3 in guns for the DASH hangar and flight deck. The only
26:
333:
314:
mount took the place of the No. 2 gun mount, connected to a new, enlarged sonar suite. All topside 21-inch (533 mm)
158:
179:
165:
754:
705:
410:
288:
228:
361:
209:
583:
565:
154:
Create a large-scale modernization and rehabilitation program to fill the gap until new ships can be built.
590:
519:. DASH was withdrawn from ASW service beginning in 1969 due to poor reliability. Lacking ASROC, the
598:
541:, which were commissioned 1975–1983. Both of the replacement classes had the same ASW armament as a
383:
74:
291:
antisubmarine helicopter with a range of up to 22 miles (35 km). Both were armed with the new
535:
382:
class were completely torn down and rebuilt from the hull up, including new engines, a much larger
234:
222:
30:
20:
271:
In order to provide the ships with a credible antisubmarine weapon, the FRAM I upgrade for the
262:
240:
302:
There were three different sets of FRAM upgrades. During refitting in the early 1950s, FRAM I
395:
365:
353:
258:
186:
116:
78:
319:
307:
546:
464:
438:
420:
347:
341:
194:
120:
574:
FRAM I, decommissioned and stricken 1 October 1983 and expended as a target 14 July 1999.
8:
561:
456:
168:
770:
721:
672:
528:
46:
750:
701:
432:
311:
414:
128:
108:
66:
318:
were removed and replaced with two tubes mounted in the after deckhouse. One twin
693:
593:
upgrade in 1960–1964 as part of the FRAM II program. They received a bow-mounted
512:
511:
s received FRAM modifications 1960–1965. Many of the ships provided significant
460:
292:
198:
190:
183:
161:
776:
643:
534:(destroyer escorts prior to 1975), which were commissioned 1969–1974, and the
322:
mount was placed aft, atop the after deckhouse. There were variations such as
287:
launcher with a range of one to five miles (not in FRAM II upgrades), and the
785:
96:
84:
479:
329:
315:
103:
would have a force of about 300 modern fast-attack submarines by 1957. The
100:
50:
310:
mounts, leaving only the two mounts on the main deck. A trainable Mark 15
641:
516:
426:
391:
175:
104:
70:
58:
54:
323:
112:
57:
by shifting their mission from a surface attack role to that of a
296:
284:
254:
124:
62:
119:
ships to counter this threat, given its other priorities in new
387:
698:
US Destroyers: An
Illustrated Design History (Revised Edition)
77:
also used this term in the 1980s for the modernization of its
444:
280:
276:
250:
749:. Annapolis, Maryland: Nautical & Aviation Publishing.
642:
Gyrodyne
Helicopter Historical Foundation (12 July 2007).
245:
classes. Destroyer conversions relied on experience with
16:
US Navy life-extension program for World War II-era ships
589:
aircraft carriers modified for ASW service received the
478:
s were also converted under FRAM II. These included six
151:
Institute better training for maintenance personnel, or
340:-class destroyers to receive the FRAM II upgrade were
299:. The ASROC could also launch a nuclear depth charge.
295:, which was also carried in the torpedo tubes of the
661:
Ships, Aircraft and
Weapons of the United States Navy
471:s were designed for another five years of service.
663:(January 1980) U.S. Government Printing Office p.42
164:embraced the last recommendation in a meeting with
700:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 510.
257:in 1957. The first two destroyers began FRAM in
217:-class destroyers, as delivered and after FRAM I.
783:
182:, which were converted during 1949–1956 into 23
443:, closest to camera, received FRAM I (note the
655:
653:
19:"FRAM II" redirects here. For other uses, see
623:Vinock, Eli, CAPT USN "FRAM Fixes the Fleet"
619:
617:
615:
613:
332:ASW rocket launcher, the addition of two new
306:-class destroyers gave up the No. 2, 3 and 4
249:-class destroyers modernized for transfer to
374:-class destroyer, after her FRAM II upgrade.
275:class centered on the addition of AN/SQS-23
777:NavSource.org Destroyer photo gallery index
771:FRAM-Fleet Rehabilitation And Modernization
650:
610:
402:s received FRAM I or FRAM II conversions.
625:United States Naval Institute Proceedings
498:
178:had provided modifications to 33 British
107:was unable to produce quickly enough the
73:, amphibious ships, and auxiliaries. The
692:
409:
360:
221:Among the destroyers, conversion of the
208:
25:
722:Special Feature – FRAM at NavSource.org
792:United States Navy in the 20th century
784:
744:
637:
635:
633:
597:, as well as improved displays in the
61:hunter. The FRAM program also covered
39:Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization
797:Destroyers of the United States Navy
145:Accomplish more extensive overhauls,
99:as a response to estimates that the
630:
577:
159:United States Secretary of the Navy
148:Provide more money for maintenance,
95:The program was started by Admiral
13:
560:classes (from 1973) served in the
204:
193:, pending the construction of new
180:War Emergency Programme destroyers
166:United States Secretary of Defense
14:
808:
764:
233:classes took precedence over the
467:(VDS) were added. The converted
279:and two new weapon systems, the
738:
135:were, in order of preference:
726:
715:
686:
677:
666:
486:-class FRAM II destroyers. No
142:Give more time to maintenance,
1:
604:
174:A comparable program for the
90:
33:, after her FRAM I conversion
334:triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes
7:
747:The Essex Aircraft Carriers
659:Cooney, David M., RADM USN
191:Type 16 limited conversions
10:
813:
683:Friedman 2004, pp. 282–283
461:Mark 37 ASW homing torpedo
447:launcher on the mid-deck).
405:
123:frigates (redesignated as
18:
599:Combat Information Center
384:combat information center
265:shipyards in March 1959.
75:United States Coast Guard
419:with FRAM II-modernised
745:Faltum, Andrew (1996).
31:USS George K. MacKenzie
21:Fram 2 (disambiguation)
499:FRAM destroyer summary
448:
394:, with two new triple
375:
263:Long Beach, California
218:
115:after 1975) and other
49:extended the lives of
34:
413:
396:Mark 32 torpedo tubes
364:
320:3-inch/50 caliber gun
308:5-inch/38 caliber gun
259:Boston, Massachusetts
212:
187:antisubmarine warfare
171:on 11 November 1958.
117:antisubmarine warfare
29:
732:Faltum, pp. 137, 159
627:August 1984 pp.70-73
547:Kaman SH-2 Seasprite
465:variable depth sonar
121:antiaircraft warfare
773:Photos circa 1960's
562:Naval Reserve Force
169:Neil Hosler McElroy
552:Some ships of the
449:
376:
219:
184:Type 15 first-rate
47:United States Navy
35:
539:-class destroyers
129:aircraft carriers
111:(redesignated as
109:destroyer escorts
67:aircraft carriers
45:) program of the
804:
760:
733:
730:
724:
719:
713:
711:
694:Friedman, Norman
690:
684:
681:
675:
670:
664:
657:
648:
647:
639:
628:
621:
578:FRAM II Carriers
556:(from 1965) and
422:Lyman K. Swenson
283:rocket-assisted
199:Type 14 frigates
189:frigates and 10
139:Build new ships,
127:after 1975) and
812:
811:
807:
806:
805:
803:
802:
801:
782:
781:
767:
757:
741:
736:
731:
727:
720:
716:
708:
691:
687:
682:
678:
671:
667:
658:
651:
640:
631:
622:
611:
607:
595:AN/SQS-23 sonar
580:
567:William C. Lawe
554:Allen M. Sumner
532:-class frigates
521:Allen M. Sumner
513:gunfire support
509:Allen M. Sumner
501:
484:Allen M. Sumner
469:Allen M. Sumner
453:Allen M. Sumner
408:
378:Ships from the
293:Mark 44 torpedo
230:Allen M. Sumner
207:
205:FRAM destroyers
162:Thomas S. Gates
93:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
810:
800:
799:
794:
780:
779:
774:
766:
765:External links
763:
762:
761:
755:
740:
737:
735:
734:
725:
714:
706:
685:
676:
673:Fletcher Class
665:
649:
629:
608:
606:
603:
579:
576:
503:A total of 95
500:
497:
407:
404:
206:
203:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
92:
89:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
809:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
758:
756:1-877853-26-7
752:
748:
743:
742:
729:
723:
718:
709:
707:1-55750-442-3
703:
699:
695:
689:
680:
674:
669:
662:
656:
654:
645:
638:
636:
634:
626:
620:
618:
616:
614:
609:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
586:
575:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
538:
533:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:Ships in the
446:
442:
441:
436:
435:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
357:
356:
351:
350:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
316:torpedo tubes
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
225:
216:
211:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
167:
163:
160:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:Arleigh Burke
88:
86:
83:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
22:
746:
739:Bibliography
728:
717:
697:
688:
679:
668:
660:
624:
584:
581:
571:
566:
557:
553:
551:
542:
536:
529:
524:
520:
508:
504:
502:
493:
487:
483:
480:radar picket
475:
473:
468:
452:
450:
439:
433:
427:
421:
416:Bryce Canyon
415:
399:
379:
377:
371:
366:
354:
348:
342:
337:
330:Weapon Alpha
324:
303:
301:
272:
270:
267:
246:
241:
235:
229:
223:
220:
214:
173:
157:
133:
94:
79:
51:World War II
42:
38:
36:
517:Vietnam War
392:flight deck
101:Soviet Navy
786:Categories
605:References
176:Royal Navy
91:Background
71:submarines
55:destroyers
507:s and 33
105:U.S. Navy
59:submarine
696:(2004).
537:Spruance
474:Sixteen
372:Fletcher
367:Nicholas
355:Nicholas
338:Fletcher
312:Hedgehog
304:Fletcher
297:warships
247:Fletcher
236:Fletcher
125:cruisers
113:frigates
80:Hamilton
63:cruisers
591:SCB 144
572:Gearing
558:Gearing
543:Gearing
525:Gearing
515:in the
505:Gearing
488:Gearing
476:Gearing
440:Shelton
428:Collett
406:FRAM II
400:Gearing
380:Gearing
349:Jenkins
343:Radford
285:torpedo
273:Gearing
255:Germany
224:Gearing
215:Gearing
195:Type 12
85:cutters
753:
704:
644:"FRAM"
587:-class
388:hangar
242:Benson
82:-class
585:Essex
445:ASROC
281:ASROC
277:sonar
251:Spain
53:-era
751:ISBN
702:ISBN
582:The
570:, a
530:Knox
463:and
457:DASH
434:Blue
431:and
390:and
370:, a
352:and
325:Boyd
289:DASH
261:and
253:and
239:and
227:and
213:Two
197:and
43:FRAM
37:The
549:.
69:,
788::
652:^
632:^
612:^
601:.
437:.
425:,
358:.
346:,
201:.
87:.
65:,
759:.
712:.
710:.
646:.
41:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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