42:
4749:
3345:
170:
720:
incompleteness of the transmission of the canons was recognised as a significant problem by the Papacy. Implementation of the
Council's reforms was included within the Canons, with instructions that local councils should be held in order to create plans for their adoption. Provinces held councils to instruct Bishops to hold local synods, however the evidence suggests that this mechanism did not result in Bishops holding meetings and organising reforms in the manner intended.
200:
4761:
373:
685:
not, under pretext of error of this sort, excuse themselves in the future for the excesses of such prohibited intercourse, we decree that such Jews and
Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress. Particularly, since it may be read in the writings of Moses , that this very law has been enjoined upon them.
646:, Church reform, and combating heresy. The seventy-one Lateran canons, which were not debated, were only formally adopted on the last day of the council; according to Anne J. Duggan, the "scholarly consensus" is that they were drafted by Innocent III himself. They cover a range of themes including Church reform and elections, taxation, matrimony, tithing,
662:
While the precise application and levels of conformity to
Lateran IV were variable, it is argued that it created a wide range of legal measures with long term repercussions, which were used to persecute minorities and helped usher in a specifically intolerant kind of European society, or as historian
892:
Procedure and penalties against heretics and their protectors. If those suspected of heresy should neglect to prove themselves innocent, they are excommunicated. If they continue in the excommunication for twelve months they are to be condemned as heretics. Princes are to swear that they will banish
684:
from the
Christians, but in certain others such a confusion has grown up that they cannot be distinguished by any difference. Thus it happens at times that through error Christians have relations with the women of Jews or Saracens, and Jews and Saracens with Christian women. Therefore, that they may
524:
The measures against the Jews were the culmination of hostility during
Innocent's reign as Pope, itself informed by a background of greater hostility to the Jews generated in part by the Crusades. Innocent for example waged a novel campaign against the Talmud as part of the campaign against heresy,
667:
defines it, a "persecuting society". These measures applied with vigour first to heretics, and then increasingly to other minorities, such as Jews and lepers. In the case of Jews, antisemitism had been rising since the
Crusades in different parts of Europe, and the measures of Lateran IV gave the
719:
Dissemination of the Canons themselves was often patchy and incomplete, as it relied on handwritten records kept by local bishops, while it is unclear if the Papacy ever provided official copies. Local adaptations of the Canons could reflect disagreements or differences of priorities, and the
1276:
all his, or her, sins at least once a year to their own priest. This canon did no more than confirm earlier legislation and custom (of the previous century), although it is sometimes incorrectly quoted as commanding the use of sacramental confession for the first time.
482:
to prevent social contact "through error". The
Council is viewed by medievalists as both opening up many reforms, and as formalising and enforcing intolerance in European society, both to heretics and Jews, and thus playing a role in the development of systemic
584:(brother of Simon de Montfort) argued in favour of the confiscation. All of Raymond VI's lands were confiscated, save Provence, which was kept in trust to be restored to Raymond VII. Pierre-Bermond of Sauve's claim to Toulouse was rejected and
525:
claiming that the Talmud was an invention of the Rabbis, and the Jews should be restricted to using
Biblical texts for their faith. This was the first time that the Catholic church had tried to directly regulate the practice of Judaism.
929:
Proclamation of the papal primacy recognized by all antiquity. After the pope, primacy is attributed to the patriarchs in the following order: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and
Jerusalem.
521:
of the main door leading to the tomb of St. Peter had engravings of Old
Testament prophets and twenty-four bishops, alongside the messages, "Feed your Sheep" and "This is the Door of the Sheep".
791:; Anne J. Duggan writes that "it was the largest, most representative, and most influential council assembled under papal leadership before the end of the fourteenth century." According to
439:
on 11 November 1215. Due to the great length of time between the council's convocation and its meeting, many bishops had the opportunity to attend this council, which is considered by the
654:. After being recorded in the papal registers, the canons were quickly circulated in law schools. Effective application of the decrees varied according to local conditions and customs.
668:
legal means to implement active systemic persecution, such as physical separation of Jews and Christians, enforced through Jews being obliged to wear distinctive badges or clothing.
614:
The second plenary session was held on 20 November; the Pope was scheduled to preach about church reform, but proceedings were disrupted by bishops who opposed the designation of
1795:
There had been kings of France and Castile who had repudiated their wives and "remarried" with serious public consequences. Marriage, impediments of relationship, publication of
4537:
694:
While the proceedings were not officially recorded, unlike in previous councils, evidence of the events have been found in various manuscripts by observers of the council. The
1202:
Clerics may neither pronounce nor execute a sentence of death. Nor may they act as judges in extreme criminal cases, or take part in matters connected with judicial tests and
731:
likened the council to the "four great councils of antiquity". Lateran IV is sometimes referred to as the "Great Council of the Lateran" due to the presence of 404 or 412
708:
had personally attended. An extensive eyewitness account by an anonymous German cleric was copied into a manuscript that was published in 1964, in commemoration of the
611:. Four days later, the anniversary celebration at St. Peter's Basilica brought together such a large gathering that the Pope himself had trouble entering the premises.
4426:
947:
Provincial councils must be held annually for the reform of morals, especially those of the clergy. This was to ensure that the canons adopted would be implemented.
3523:
3397:. Proceeding of the Conference Marking the Eight Hundredth Anniversary of the Council organized by the Pontificio Comitato di Scienze Storiche. pp. 41–54.
3278:. Proceeding of the Conference Marking the Eight Hundredth Anniversary of the Council organized by the Pontificio Comitato di Scienze Storiche. pp. 17–40.
4733:
4728:
401:
5038:
5331:
4902:
4077:
3557:
263:
1250:
to be kept under lock and key, with a three-month suspension for leaving it out carelessly, and worse if "anything unspeakable" were to happen to it.
5279:
Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
4452:
3230:
Duggan, Anne J. (2008). "Conciliar Law 1123–1215: The Legislation of the Four Lateran Councils". In Hartmann, Wilfried; Pennington, Kenneth (eds.).
4527:
795:, "the Fourth Lateran Council was the most important general council of the church in the Middle Ages", whose effects "were felt for centuries."
541:
and began with a private morning Mass. Afterwards, at the start of the first plenary session in the Lateran Palace, the Pope led the singing of "
3220:
Dittmar, Jenna M.; et al. (December 2021), "Fancy Shoes and Painful Feet: Hallux Valgus and Fracture Risk in Medieval Cambridge, England",
5316:
1224:
Household goods must not be stored in churches unless there be an urgent necessity. Churches, church vessels, and the like must be kept clean.
4798:
3837:
3564:
1853:
Gave precise instructions on the interpretation of the privilege of celebrating religious services during interdict, enjoyed by some orders.
553:. In his next two sermons, one on the need to recover the Holy Land and the other on dealing with heretics, the Pope was joined on stage by
1747:
Decreed that excommunication may be imposed only after warning in the presence of suitable witnesses and for manifest and reasonable cause.
5321:
3516:
4110:
3603:
1295:
Before prescribing medicine for the sick, physicians shall be bound under pain of exclusion from the church, to exhort their patients to
1045:
in each cathedral having been entirely ignored, was re-enacted, and a lectureship in theology ordered to be founded in every cathedral.
1019:
Ordered the appointment of preachers and penitentiaries to assist in the discharge of the episcopal functions of preaching and penance.
4492:
3791:
394:
5306:
3184:
Jews and Muslims under the Fourth Lateran Council : papers commemorating the octocentenary of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
5172:
4245:
561:
3509:
3939:
3881:
1273:
17:
3451:
3191:
387:
2526:
1951:
Disqualified Jews from holding public offices, incorporating into ecclesiastical law a decree of the Holy Christian Empire.
840:, the doctrine which describes in precise scholastic language the transformation by which the bread and wine offered in the
5341:
3749:
3645:
3491:
3434:(2015). "Of Milk and Blood: Innocent III and the Jews, Revisited". In Baumgarten and, Elisheva; Galinsky, Judah D. (eds.).
3421:
3361:
3172:
3153:
2350:
676:
The Council mandated that Jews separate and distinguish themselves, in order to "protect" Christians from their influence.
199:
1875:, in that no fees are to be exacted for the consecration of bishops, the blessing of abbots or the ordination of clerics.
4611:
4509:
4396:
3402:
3302:
3283:
4649:
3951:
3702:
3383:
634:
attempted to interrupt the speech, although he complied with the Pope's raising of his hand—a command to stay silent.
4791:
3781:
3274:
Helmrath, Johannes (2015). "The Fourth Lateran Council: Its Fundamentals, Its Procedure in Comparative Perspective".
3247:
3210:
1531:
Defendants must not appeal without good cause before sentence is given; if they do, they are to be charged expenses.
5326:
5200:
4856:
4552:
4032:
3922:
3393:
Pennington, Kenneth (2015). "The Fourth Lateran Council: Its Legislation, and the Development of Legal Procedure".
1817:
The council condemned those who had their property cultivated by others (non-Christians) in order to avoid tithes.
1567:
Declared that plaintiffs may not impede trials by calling on faraway witnesses, unless the defendant agrees to it.
615:
464:
248:
157:
124:
3265:
Hamilton, Bernard (1999). "The Albigensian Crusade and heresy". In McKitterick, Rosamond; Abulafia, David (eds.).
5137:
5082:
5050:
5031:
4895:
4864:
4832:
4815:
4047:
3971:
3591:
3569:
253:
222:
5346:
4286:
3905:
3552:
3544:
3532:
581:
1335:
Mandated that pastors are to be either elected or chosen by a committee acting on behalf of the congregation.
537:. A preliminary legal session took place on 4 November, while the opening ceremony of the council was held on
5145:
4918:
4581:
4135:
3744:
3232:
The History of Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX
533:
Innocent III deliberately chose for the Fourth Council to meet in November, during which there were numerous
284:
1933:
to distinguish them from Christians so that no Christian shall come to marry them ignorant of who they are.
1387:
Stressed the need for bishops to properly guide their disciples and not ordain the "ignorant and unformed".
1313:
That a cathedral church or a church of the regular clergy is not to remain vacant for more than three months
5351:
4982:
4926:
4910:
4884:
4784:
4621:
4140:
4130:
3586:
1038:
1001:
Celebration of public worship in places where the inhabitants belong to nations following different rites.
484:
456:
335:
289:
279:
186:
178:
78:
1184:
Admonished clerics who excessively engaged in non-religious activities while infrequently attending mass.
783:, and the kings of Aragon, Cyprus, and Jerusalem. This made it the largest ecumenical council between the
4586:
3956:
3729:
768:
514:
1405:
Allowed members of the clergy to resign, with the caveat that their resignations would be irreversible.
5336:
5180:
5065:
4595:
3620:
1992:
1093:
736:
41:
1621:
Ruled that plaintiffs still have rightful ownership of goods withheld from them for more than a year.
5311:
5248:
5232:
5098:
4654:
4356:
3667:
1115:
600:
3344:
1999:, and Damasus Hungarus, who wrote, "This constitution is temporary, and I do not care to gloss it."
5106:
4872:
4487:
4062:
3579:
3482:
Woods, Marjorie Curry; Copeland, Rita (2002). "Classroom and Confession". In Wallace, David (ed.).
1563:
On not procuring letters which entail more than two days' journey and are without a special mandate
471:
258:
3088:
495:
Innocent III first mooted organizing an ecumenical council in November 1199. In his letter titled
5301:
5129:
5074:
5021:
4824:
4105:
3961:
3688:
1264:
On confession being made, and not revealed by the priest, and on communicating at least at Easter
760:
752:
569:
217:
5006:
4950:
4576:
4462:
4175:
1067:
788:
748:
709:
565:
475:
460:
361:
304:
128:
3205:. Cambridge Companions to Religion). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 176–193.
3201:
Cohen, J. (2022). "Christian Theology and Papal Policy in the Middle Ages". In Katz, S (ed.).
554:
517:, which he designated as the "centrepiece for display and decoration" during the council. The
5204:
4998:
4942:
4472:
4457:
4170:
4027:
3934:
3734:
3717:
3630:
3574:
772:
713:
619:
573:
542:
356:
299:
90:
4522:
599:
The next day, in a ceremony attended by many council participants, the Pope consecrated the
5256:
5208:
5192:
5176:
4966:
4848:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4631:
4558:
4401:
4361:
4180:
4082:
4057:
3996:
3801:
3776:
3712:
1893:
Ruled that monks and nuns may not require payment for their entry into the religious life.
1495:
Dictated that bishops may only expect to be reasonably remunerated when visiting churches.
784:
776:
705:
325:
232:
8:
5153:
4974:
4753:
4477:
4467:
4416:
4274:
4260:
4120:
3862:
3625:
3092:
780:
577:
538:
330:
1477:
Ruled that priests are entitled to a "fitting portion from the revenues of the church".
1198:
On sentences involving either the shedding of blood or a duel being forbidden to clerics
513:. In preparing for the council, the Pope spearheaded the extensive refurbishment of the
5120:
5090:
4840:
4807:
4765:
4542:
4311:
4235:
4203:
4022:
3991:
3828:
3816:
3677:
3615:
3333:
3253:
1071:
837:
643:
589:
504:
444:
377:
227:
4331:
3376:
The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950–1250
1813:
On those who give their fields to others to be cultivated so as to avoid paying tithes
5216:
4958:
4711:
4616:
4391:
4377:
4351:
4336:
4240:
4225:
4155:
4145:
4014:
3946:
3847:
3811:
3707:
3487:
3447:
3417:
3398:
3379:
3357:
3337:
3298:
3279:
3243:
3206:
3187:
3168:
3149:
2995:
2335:
1969:
Prescribed measures to prevent converted Jews from returning to their former belief.
1796:
1549:
Judges may revoke comminatory and interlocutory sentences and proceed with the case.
1259:
De confessione facienda et non revelanda a sacerdote et saltem in pascha communicando
608:
428:
309:
110:
100:
4990:
4601:
4406:
4386:
4306:
4291:
4190:
4092:
3966:
3806:
3764:
3759:
3739:
3722:
3635:
3470:
3439:
3325:
3235:
1657:
Stressed that religious law should not interfere with secular law, and vice versa.
1163:
1042:
867:
728:
631:
340:
1317:
Mandated that a church is not to be without a prelate for more than three months.
576:
attended the council to dispute the threatened confiscation of their territories;
4659:
4626:
4570:
4564:
4421:
4326:
4230:
4042:
3536:
3501:
2534:
1783:
Stipulated that excommunication is to be neither imposed nor lifted for payment.
1707:
A patron who kills or mutilates a cleric of a church loses his right of patronage
1702:
Patronus qui clericum ecclesiae occiderit vel mutilaverit, ius patronatus omittit
1203:
871:
792:
696:
440:
191:
66:
5224:
4722:
4547:
4341:
4316:
4280:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4198:
4052:
4037:
3976:
3852:
3842:
3598:
1401:
That those who have asked for permission to resign are to be compelled to do so
452:
432:
140:
3915:
3257:
1729:
Laid out exceptions to a Lateran III canon exempting clergymen from taxation.
965:
Sets down the responsibility of the bishops for the reform of their subjects.
704:
contains a line drawing of one of the sessions at the council which his abbot
5295:
4606:
4532:
4498:
4482:
4442:
4125:
4100:
3876:
3786:
3771:
3693:
3431:
1988:
1599:
On granting restitution against a person in possession who was not the robber
1272:", which commands every Christian who has reached the years of discretion to
701:
479:
46:
5188:
4716:
4591:
4447:
4411:
4150:
4072:
3916:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3640:
3239:
1175:
De comessationibus praelatorum et negligentia eorum super diviniis officiis
623:
3443:
3329:
169:
4517:
4346:
4321:
4296:
4269:
4256:
4165:
4067:
3754:
3371:
1423:
Forbade the holding of several ecclesiastical offices at any given time.
1158:
Prescribed dressing for clergy members—including a ban on embroidered or
1137:
664:
546:
499:, dated 19 April 1213, the Pope writes of the urgent need to recover the
3224:, vol. 35, Los Angeles: Paleopathology Association, pp. 90–100
1675:
Clerics should not take oaths of fealty to laymen without lawful cause.
1558:
De litteris non impetrandis ultra duas diaetas et sine specialis mandato
1351:
Specified that spiritual leaders may not be selected by non-Christians.
503:
and reform the Church. The letter, which also served as a summons to an
4301:
3886:
1965:
That converts to the faith among the Jews may not retain their old rite
1835:
Ruled that tithe payments have priority over all other taxes and dues.
1296:
740:
627:
604:
593:
509:
448:
4776:
3461:
Wayno, J. M. (2018). "Rethinking the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215".
3395:
The Fourth Lateran Council: Institutional Reform and Spiritual Renewal
3313:
3276:
The Fourth Lateran Council: Institutional Reform and Spiritual Renewal
1540:
Quod iudex possit interlocutoriam et comminatoriam sententiam revocare
5240:
1603:
Ruled that stolen goods have to be returned to their original owner.
1247:
845:
841:
534:
500:
120:
1911:
Prevented Jews from charging "extortionate and excessive interest".
1689:
That the ordinances of princes should not be prejudicial to churches
4760:
4115:
3869:
3857:
3474:
1545:
That a judge can revoke an interlocutory and a comminatory sentence
1369:
Laid out the punishments for not adhering to electoral guidelines.
1308:
Quod ecclesia cathedralis vel regularis ultra tres menses non vacet
585:
560:
On 14 November, there were violent scenes between the partisans of
424:
372:
49:' illustration in the Chronica Maiora of the Fourth Lateran Council
1419:
That nobody may hold two benefices with the cure of souls attached
680:
In some provinces a difference in dress distinguishes the Jews or
5269:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
4372:
3986:
3608:
1960:
Ne conversi ad fidem de Iudaeis veterem ritum Iudaeorum retineant
1930:
1159:
764:
756:
681:
651:
550:
518:
136:
1925:
That Jews should be distinguished from Christians in their dress
1808:
De bis qui praedia sua in fraudem decimarum dant aliis excolenda
4538:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
3981:
3891:
3796:
1872:
1639:
Declared that all prescriptions have to be made in good faith.
1585:
Stipulated that trial proceedings must be recorded in writing.
1243:
732:
647:
1594:
De restitutione danda contra possessorem, quae non rapuit ipse
3234:. The Catholic University of America Press. pp. 318–66.
2730:
1491:
On not receiving procurations without a visitation being made
1063:
744:
618:
as Holy Roman Emperor. The council concluded on 30 November,
564:
among the French bishops and those of the Count of Toulouse.
132:
1671:
On a cleric not doing fealty to a layman without good reason
1396:
Quod compellantur cedere qui postulaverunt licentiam cedendi
911:
Exhortation to the Greeks to reunite with the Roman Church.
592:
was separated from Toulouse and entrusted to the bishops of
3269:. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–81.
1995:, who omitted it from his collection of Lateran IV canons,
1509:
On not burdening subjects under the pretext of some service
1180:
On prelates' feasts and their negligence at divine services
436:
3295:
Robert Grosseteste and the 13th-Century Diocese of Lincoln
3146:
Innocent III: Studies on Papal Authority and Pastoral Care
2176:
2174:
1459:
Prohibited clergymen from having their sons succeed them.
1238:
On keeping the chrism and the eucharist under lock and key
983:
Procedure in regard to accusations against ecclesiastics.
836:
Infallibly defined the teaching of the Catholic Church on
545:" and preached about Jesus' words to his disciples at the
447:. The council addressed a number of issues, including the
4427:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
3182:
Champagne, Marie-Thérèse; Resnick, Irven M, eds. (2018).
2964:
2845:
2786:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2240:
2191:
2189:
1513:
Forbade prelates from charging for superfluous services.
1504:
De subditis non gravandis sub praetextu servitii alicuius
1291:
That the sick should provide for the soul before the body
4977:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
3121:
3111:
3109:
3070:
3068:
3043:
3041:
2954:
2952:
2939:
2937:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2803:
2801:
2764:
2762:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2691:
2689:
2676:
2674:
2661:
2659:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2623:
2621:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2279:
2257:
2255:
2113:
2111:
1684:
Quod constitutiones principum non praeiudicent ecclesiis
1455:
On not instituting the sons of canons with their fathers
1220:
That profane objects may not be introduced into churches
2206:
2204:
2171:
1344:
Quod electio facta per saecularem potestatem non valeat
626:
and concluded his remarks by raising up a relic of the
2470:
2441:
2429:
2393:
2303:
2228:
2216:
2186:
2147:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2055:
2021:
2019:
1779:
On the punishment for excommunicating someone unjustly
1473:
That patrons shall leave a suitable portion to clerics
27:
1213 encumenical council convoked by Pope Innocent III
4458:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
3106:
3065:
3053:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2976:
2949:
2934:
2915:
2898:
2881:
2857:
2830:
2813:
2798:
2774:
2759:
2742:
2713:
2701:
2686:
2671:
2656:
2633:
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2549:
2482:
2291:
2267:
2252:
2123:
2108:
2067:
1693:
Lay princes should not usurp the rights of churches.
1441:
Forbade "unworthy persons" from working in churches.
1326:
De electione facienda per scrutinium vel compromissum
3484:
The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
2869:
2506:
2494:
2417:
2405:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2201:
2159:
2135:
1711:
Forbade patrons of churches from killing clergymen.
1468:
Ut patroni compententem portionem dimittant clericis
1365:
On the penalty for improperly confirming an election
2315:
2091:
2043:
2031:
2016:
1630:
De continuatione bonae fidei in omni praescriptione
1486:
De procurationibus non accipiendis sine visitatione
1450:
De filiis canonicorum non instituendis cum patribus
1436:'On the suitability of those instituted to churches
3531:
1193:De indicio sanguinis et duelli clericis interdicto
3219:
2736:
1286:Quod infirmi prius provideant animae quam corpori
1215:Ne ecclesiae mundanis suppellectilibus exponantur
5293:
4528:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
3486:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 376–406.
3436:Jews and Christians in Thirteenth-Century France
3318:Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture
3181:
1765:Laid out the guidelines to challenging a judge.
1414:Quod nullus babeat duo beneficia cum cura annexa
1299:, and thus provide for their spiritual welfare.
1233:De chrismate et eucharistia sub sera conservanda
1991:. This canon was disregarded by canonists like
1666:Ne sine causa clericus fidelitatem laico faciat
1331:On making an election by ballot or by agreement
1088:On the prohibition against new religious orders
507:, was included alongside the Pope's papal bull
3086:
1920:Ut Iudaei discernantur a christianis in habitu
1635:On continuing good faith in every prescription
4792:
3517:
3481:
2336:"Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215"
848:becomes the actual blood and body of Christ.
689:
395:
204:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent
3416:. Vol. 1. Georgetown University Press.
3314:"The Preacher of the Fourth Lateran Council"
3165:Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews
2527:"Heretical Sects in Pre-Reformation England"
2327:
1983:Expedition for the recovery of the holy Land
893:all whom the church points out as heretics.
3438:. The new Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan.
1987:Designated 1 June 1217 as the start of the
1929:Mandated a special dress code for Jews and
657:
4799:
4785:
4543:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4493:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3524:
3510:
3392:
3354:A History of the Church in the Middle Ages
3127:
2285:
1581:On writing acts so that they can be proved
1132:On preventing drunkenness among the clergy
402:
388:
198:
35:Fourth Council of the Lateran (Lateran IV)
5332:Christian antisemitism in the Middle Ages
1942:Ne Iudaei publicis officiis praeficiantur
1889:On the same with regard to monks and nuns
1884:De eadem circa monachos et sanctimoniales
1432:De idoneitate instituendorum in ecclesiis
158:Chronological list of ecumenical councils
5173:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
3273:
3264:
3087:Gottheil, Richard; Vogelstein, Hermann.
2476:
2464:
2452:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2195:
2180:
2153:
2129:
2117:
1947:That Jews are not to hold public offices
1360:De poema indigue confirmantis electionem
1162:—and prohibited gambling and spectating
997:On different rites within the same faith
622:, during which the Pope preached on the
478:, this included compelling them to wear
5273:
4806:
3222:International Journal of Paleopathology
3203:The Cambridge Companion to Antisemitism
3162:
2333:
1849:On interpreting the words of privileges
1831:That tithes should be paid before taxes
1576:De scribendis actis, ut probari possint
771:, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople,
14:
5294:
3411:
3292:
3229:
3143:
3115:
3074:
3059:
3047:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2943:
2928:
2909:
2892:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2824:
2807:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2753:
2724:
2707:
2695:
2680:
2665:
2650:
2627:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2524:
2488:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2297:
2273:
2261:
2210:
2165:
2102:
2061:
2049:
2025:
1978:Expeditio pro recuperanda Terra sancta
1844:De interpretandis privilegiorum verbis
588:was awarded to de Montfort, while the
5317:13th-century Catholic Church councils
4780:
3505:
3460:
3430:
3370:
3351:
3311:
3200:
2512:
2500:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2321:
2309:
2141:
2085:
2073:
2037:
907:On the pride of Greeks towards Latins
2351:Internet History Sourcebooks Project
1527:On stating the grounds for an appeal
1105:De incontinentia clericorum punienda
902:De superbia Graecorum contra Latinos
557:and Thedisius of Agde respectively.
5322:Catholic Church ecumenical councils
4397:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1720:De talliis a clericis non exigendis
1140:and the hunting of birds and dogs.
1110:On punishing clerical incontinences
24:
3952:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
3414:Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils
3267:The New Cambridge Medieval History
3080:
2996:"Fourth Lateran Council, Canon 50"
1725:On not exacting taxes from clerics
1054:De communibus capitulis monachorum
755:, together with 23 Latin-speaking
25:
5363:
2334:Halsall, Paul, ed. (March 1996).
1826:Ut decimae ante tributa solvantur
1743:On the form of an excommunication
1522:De causa appellationis exprimenda
1114:Set out guidelines for punishing
1092:Forbade the establishment of new
992:De diversis ritibus in eadem fide
866:Condemnation of the doctrines of
642:Lateran IV had three objectives:
5307:13th century in the Papal States
5201:State church of the Roman Empire
4759:
4747:
4078:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4033:Second Council of Constantinople
3378:(Expanded ed.). Blackwell.
3343:
1774:De poena excommunicantis iniuste
1083:De novis religionibus prohibitis
671:
431:in April 1213 and opened at the
371:
331:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42)
168:
40:
5032:First seven ecumenical councils
4896:First seven ecumenical councils
4816:First seven ecumenical councils
4048:Third Council of Constantinople
3972:First Council of Constantinople
3136:
2988:
2518:
1383:On the instruction of ordinands
1127:De arcenda ebrietate clericorum
1010:De praedicatoribus instituendis
763:and representatives of several
4287:Dissolution of the monasteries
3553:History of the Catholic Church
3186:. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols.
528:
13:
1:
4161:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4136:Second Council of the Lateran
3745:Apostles in the New Testament
3167:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2005:
961:On the conviction of offences
862:On the error of abbot Joachim
490:
417:Fourth Council of the Lateran
148:Documents and statements
4275:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4141:Third Council of the Lateran
4131:First Council of the Lateran
3587:Catholic ecumenical councils
2340:Internet Medieval Sourcebook
2010:
1799:were addressed in Canon 50.
1378:De instructione ordinandorum
1059:On general chapters of monks
925:On the dignity of patriarchs
607:, which had been rebuilt by
254:Constantinople III (680–681)
79:Third Council of the Lateran
7:
5342:Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
2525:Walker, Greg (1 May 1993).
1761:On how to challenge a judge
938:De conciliis provincialibus
712:, and is now housed at the
637:
264:Constantinople IV (869–870)
10:
5368:
3621:History of the Roman Curia
3412:Tanner, Norman P. (2016).
1993:Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke
1070:are to hold their general
920:De dignitate patriarcharum
767:, including Frederick II,
690:Records and implementation
465:organization of the church
5267:
5249:Conference of Addis Ababa
5164:
5117:
5062:
5017:
4883:
4814:
4742:
4642:
4508:
4435:
4370:
4357:European wars of religion
4254:
4189:
4091:
4013:
3904:
3827:
3687:
3676:
3668:Eastern Catholic Churches
3543:
3352:Logan, F. Donald (2012).
3312:Jones, Andrew W. (2015).
3293:Hoskin, Philippa (2019).
1756:De more recusandi iudicem
1028:De magistris scholasticis
857:De errore abbatis Ioachim
798:
751:representing some eighty
723:
156:
146:
116:
106:
96:
84:
72:
62:
54:
39:
34:
5066:Oriental Orthodox Church
4488:Mary of the Divine Heart
4111:Clash against the empire
4063:Second Council of Nicaea
3957:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3356:. Taylor & Francis.
2737:Dittmar & al. (2021)
1268:Introduced the mandate "
1149:De indumentis clericorum
956:De correctione excessuum
753:ecclesiastical provinces
658:Machinery of enforcement
515:old St. Peter's Basilica
5327:Catholicism and Judaism
5241:Synod of Constantinople
5022:Eastern Orthodox Church
4754:Vatican City portal
4106:Investiture Controversy
3962:First Council of Nicaea
3163:Carroll, James (2002).
3144:Bolton, Brenda (1995).
1738:De forma excommunicandi
1164:theatrical performances
1154:On the dress of clerics
1015:On appointing preachers
761:Eastern Orthodox Church
601:Basilica of Santa Maria
249:Constantinople II (553)
4766:Catholicism portal
4577:Second Vatican Council
4463:Our Lady of La Salette
4270:Protestant Reformation
4257:Protestant Reformation
4176:Second Council of Lyon
3565:Ecclesiastical history
3240:10.2307/j.ctt2853s5.14
943:On provincial councils
789:Second Vatican Council
710:Second Vatican Council
687:
568:, his son (afterwards
566:Raymond VI of Toulouse
378:Catholicism portal
223:Constantinople I (381)
18:Fourth Lateran Council
5347:John, King of England
4473:First Vatican Council
4171:First Council of Lyon
3935:Constantine the Great
3631:Christian monasticism
3444:10.1057/9781137317582
3330:10.1353/log.2015.0011
1648:De saeculari iustitia
1270:Omnis utriusque sexus
832:On the catholic faith
804:Canons of Lateran IV
773:John, King of England
714:University of Giessen
678:
574:Raymond-Roger of Foix
543:Veni Creator Spiritus
485:European antisemitism
125:ecclesiastical reform
91:First Council of Lyon
5257:Pan-Orthodox Council
4650:Sexual abuse scandal
4559:Mit brennender Sorge
4402:Age of Enlightenment
4181:Bernard of Clairvaux
4058:Byzantine Iconoclasm
3997:Council of Chalcedon
3777:Council of Jerusalem
3646:Role in civilization
3626:Religious institutes
3558:By country or region
1907:On the usury of Jews
785:Council of Chalcedon
777:Andrew II of Hungary
706:William of St Albans
590:lordship of Melgueil
362:Vatican II (1962–65)
5352:Philip II of France
5154:Synod of Beth Lapat
4808:Ecumenical councils
4478:Papal infallibility
4468:Our Lady of Lourdes
4417:Shimabara Rebellion
4261:Counter-Reformation
3093:Jewish Encyclopedia
2973:, pp. 256–257.
2854:, pp. 249–250.
2795:, pp. 246–247.
1902:De usuris Iudaeorum
1612:De vera possessione
1074:every three years.
805:
781:Philip II of France
632:archbishop of Mainz
555:Raoul of Mérencourt
455:, the treatment of
357:Vatican I (1869–70)
349:19th–20th centuries
336:Lateran V (1512–17)
326:Constance (1414–18)
318:15th–16th centuries
272:12th–14th centuries
187:Ecumenical councils
5233:Synod of Jerusalem
5146:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
5121:Church of the East
4865:Constantinople III
4523:Our Lady of Fátima
4312:Ignatius of Loyola
4236:Catherine of Siena
4204:Pope Boniface VIII
4023:Benedict of Nursia
3992:Council of Ephesus
3829:Ante-Nicene period
3782:Split with Judaism
3616:Crusading movement
2088:, pp. 189–91.
1653:On secular justice
1617:On true possession
1242:Ordering that the
974:De inquisitionibus
838:transubstantiation
803:
620:Saint Andrew's Day
505:ecumenical council
480:distinctive badges
451:, the role of the
445:ecumenical council
443:to be the twelfth
290:Lateran III (1179)
5337:Pope Innocent III
5289:
5288:
5217:Quinisext Council
5118:Recognized by the
5063:Recognized by the
5040:Constantinople IV
5018:Recognized by the
4903:Constantinople IV
4885:Recognized by the
4857:Constantinople II
4774:
4773:
4734:COVID-19 pandemic
4712:Pope Benedict XVI
4617:Pope John Paul II
4392:Pope Benedict XIV
4378:French Revolution
4362:Thirty Years' War
4352:Robert Bellarmine
4337:John of the Cross
4241:Pope Alexander VI
4226:Council of Vienne
4156:Francis of Assisi
4146:Pope Innocent III
4015:Early Middle Ages
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3947:Arian controversy
3900:
3899:
3848:Apostolic Fathers
3453:978-1-349-44960-6
3193:978-2-503-58151-4
3089:"Church councils"
2537:on 30 August 2017
2467:, pp. 26–27.
2438:, pp. 621–2.
2402:, pp. 615–6.
2312:, pp. 10–11.
2249:, pp. 35–36.
2064:, pp. 56–57.
2003:
2002:
1997:Compilatio quarta
827:De fide catholica
562:Simon de Montfort
429:Pope Innocent III
412:
411:
295:Lateran IV (1215)
285:Lateran II (1139)
241:6th–9th centuries
210:4th–5th centuries
163:
162:
111:Pope Innocent III
101:Pope Innocent III
16:(Redirected from
5359:
5312:Lateran councils
5280:
5277:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5196:
5184:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5138:Constantinople I
5133:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5083:Constantinople I
5078:
5055:
5051:Constantinople V
5045:
5034:
5024:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4833:Constantinople I
4828:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4764:
4763:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4729:Patriarch Kirill
4602:Pope John Paul I
4407:Anti-clericalism
4387:Pope Innocent XI
4307:Society of Jesus
4292:Council of Trent
4246:Age of Discovery
4191:Late Middle Ages
4093:High Middle Ages
4083:East–West Schism
3967:Pope Sylvester I
3913:
3912:
3902:
3901:
3812:General epistles
3807:Pauline epistles
3740:John the Baptist
3723:Great Commission
3685:
3684:
3636:Catholic culture
3526:
3519:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3493:978-0-52189046-5
3478:
3457:
3427:
3423:978-1-62616482-6
3408:
3389:
3367:
3363:978-1-13478669-5
3348:
3347:
3341:
3308:
3289:
3270:
3261:
3225:
3216:
3197:
3178:
3174:978-0-61821908-7
3159:
3155:978-0-86078489-0
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2932:
2926:
2913:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2811:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2757:
2751:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2684:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2654:
2648:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2533:. Archived from
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2076:, p. 184-5.
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
1297:call in a priest
1204:trials by ordeal
1136:Prohibited both
1094:religious orders
1033:On schoolmasters
868:Joachim of Fiore
806:
802:
729:Henry of Segusio
539:St. Martin's Day
404:
397:
390:
376:
375:
310:Vienne (1311–12)
280:Lateran I (1123)
202:
172:
165:
164:
152:71 papal decrees
97:Convoked by
74:Previous council
63:Accepted by
44:
32:
31:
21:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5263:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5231:
5223:
5215:
5199:
5187:
5171:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5119:
5113:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5073:
5064:
5058:
5048:
5037:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4894:
4887:Catholic Church
4886:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4810:
4805:
4775:
4770:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4738:
4660:World Youth Day
4638:
4627:World Youth Day
4571:Pacem in terris
4565:Pope John XXIII
4504:
4431:
4422:Edict of Nantes
4380:
4376:
4366:
4332:Teresa of Ávila
4327:Tridentine Mass
4263:
4259:
4250:
4231:Knights Templar
4185:
4087:
4043:Gregorian chant
4001:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3908:
3896:
3823:
3692:
3680:
3672:
3539:
3537:Catholic Church
3530:
3500:
3494:
3454:
3424:
3405:
3404:978-393902084-4
3386:
3364:
3342:
3305:
3304:978-900438523-8
3286:
3285:978-393902084-4
3250:
3213:
3194:
3175:
3156:
3139:
3134:
3128:Pennington 2015
3126:
3122:
3114:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2916:
2908:
2899:
2891:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2814:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2344:
2342:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2286:Pennington 2015
2284:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2008:
872:Amalric of Bena
801:
793:F. Donald Logan
743:) and over 800
726:
697:Chronica Majora
692:
674:
660:
640:
582:Guy de Montfort
578:Bishop Foulques
549:, quoting from
531:
493:
470:In the case of
441:Catholic Church
414:
408:
370:
341:Trent (1545–63)
259:Nicaea II (787)
233:Chalcedon (451)
205:
192:Catholic Church
189:
149:
87:
75:
67:Catholic Church
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:1215 in Europe
5287:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5229:
5225:Synod of Jassy
5221:
5213:
5197:
5185:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5103:
5095:
5087:
5079:
5070:
5068:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5035:
5027:
5025:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4975:Basel-Florence
4971:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4889:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4829:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4756:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4548:Lateran Treaty
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4373:Baroque period
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4342:Peter Canisius
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4317:Francis Xavier
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4281:Exsurge Domine
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4221:Pope Clement V
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:Avignon Papacy
4209:Western Schism
4206:
4201:
4199:Thomas Aquinas
4195:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4053:Saint Boniface
4050:
4045:
4040:
4038:Pope Gregory I
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3977:Biblical canon
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3906:Late antiquity
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Pope Clement I
3843:Church Fathers
3840:
3834:
3832:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:Biblical canon
3599:Catholic Bible
3596:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3479:
3475:10.1086/698122
3469:(3): 611–637.
3458:
3452:
3428:
3422:
3409:
3403:
3390:
3385:978-1405129640
3384:
3368:
3362:
3349:
3324:(2): 121–149.
3309:
3303:
3290:
3284:
3271:
3262:
3258:j.ctt2853s5.14
3248:
3227:
3217:
3211:
3198:
3192:
3179:
3173:
3160:
3154:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3118:, p. 267.
3105:
3079:
3077:, p. 266.
3064:
3062:, p. 265.
3052:
3050:, p. 264.
3037:
3035:, p. 261.
3025:
3023:, p. 260.
3013:
3011:, p. 259.
3001:
2987:
2985:, p. 257.
2975:
2963:
2961:, p. 255.
2948:
2946:, p. 254.
2933:
2931:, p. 253.
2914:
2912:, p. 252.
2897:
2895:, p. 251.
2880:
2868:
2866:, p. 250.
2856:
2844:
2842:, p. 249.
2829:
2827:, p. 248.
2812:
2810:, p. 247.
2797:
2785:
2783:, p. 246.
2773:
2771:, p. 245.
2758:
2756:, p. 244.
2741:
2729:
2727:, p. 243.
2712:
2710:, p. 242.
2700:
2698:, p. 240.
2685:
2683:, p. 239.
2670:
2668:, p. 237.
2655:
2653:, p. 346.
2632:
2630:, p. 236.
2617:
2615:, p. 235.
2605:
2603:, p. 232.
2593:
2591:, p. 231.
2581:
2579:, p. 230.
2569:
2567:, p. 345.
2548:
2517:
2515:, p. 201.
2505:
2503:, p. 193.
2493:
2491:, p. 341.
2481:
2469:
2457:
2440:
2428:
2426:, p. 619.
2416:
2414:, p. 616.
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2300:, p. 366.
2290:
2278:
2276:, p. 228.
2266:
2264:, p. 343.
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2200:
2185:
2183:, p. 169.
2170:
2158:
2146:
2144:, p. 123.
2134:
2122:
2107:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2040:, p. 122.
2030:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1037:The decree of
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
989:
985:
984:
981:
976:
971:
967:
966:
963:
958:
953:
949:
948:
945:
940:
935:
931:
930:
927:
922:
917:
913:
912:
909:
904:
899:
895:
894:
890:
885:
880:
876:
875:
864:
859:
854:
850:
849:
834:
829:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
800:
797:
735:(including 71
725:
722:
691:
688:
673:
670:
659:
656:
639:
636:
530:
527:
492:
489:
433:Lateran Palace
410:
409:
407:
406:
399:
392:
384:
381:
380:
367:
366:
365:
364:
359:
351:
350:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
320:
319:
315:
314:
313:
312:
307:
305:Lyon II (1274)
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
274:
273:
269:
268:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
243:
242:
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
218:Nicaea I (325)
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
195:
194:
183:
182:
174:
173:
161:
160:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5364:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:Mother Teresa
4605:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:Pope Pius XII
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4499:Rerum novarum
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:Pope Leo XIII
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:United States
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:Pope Pius VII
4441:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Scholasticism
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Pope Urban II
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Justin Martyr
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:New Testament
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Commissioning
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
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3694:Apostolic Age
3690:
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3580:Papal primacy
3578:
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3249:9780813214917
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3212:9781108494403
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3148:. Routledge.
3147:
3142:
3141:
3130:, p. 42.
3129:
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3083:
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2878:, p. 27.
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2531:History Today
2528:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2479:, p. 17.
2478:
2477:Helmrath 2015
2473:
2466:
2465:Helmrath 2015
2461:
2455:, p. 24.
2454:
2453:Helmrath 2015
2449:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2390:, p. 53.
2389:
2384:
2378:, p. 60.
2377:
2372:
2366:, p. 59.
2365:
2360:
2352:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2324:, p. 42.
2323:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2288:, p. 43.
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2247:Helmrath 2015
2243:
2237:, p. 19.
2236:
2235:Helmrath 2015
2231:
2225:, p. 30.
2224:
2223:Helmrath 2015
2219:
2213:, p. 63.
2212:
2207:
2205:
2198:, p. 35.
2197:
2196:Helmrath 2015
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:Hamilton 1999
2177:
2175:
2168:, p. 62.
2167:
2162:
2156:, p. 21.
2155:
2154:Helmrath 2015
2150:
2143:
2138:
2132:, p. 32.
2131:
2130:Helmrath 2015
2126:
2120:, p. 29.
2119:
2118:Helmrath 2015
2114:
2112:
2105:, p. 61.
2104:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2052:, p. 57.
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2028:, p. 58.
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:Fifth Crusade
1986:
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1160:pointed shoes
1157:
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905:
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891:
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883:De haereticis
881:
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869:
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721:
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711:
707:
703:
702:Matthew Paris
699:
698:
686:
683:
677:
672:Jewish badges
669:
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629:
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497:Vineam Domini
488:
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329:
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322:
321:
317:
316:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Lyon I (1245)
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
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281:
278:
277:
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228:Ephesus (431)
226:
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209:
208:
201:
197:
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159:
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102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
83:
80:
77:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
47:Matthew Paris
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5275:
5189:Great Church
5054:(1341–1351)*
5049:
5039:
4934:
4721:
4717:Pope Francis
4643:21st century
4592:Pope Paul VI
4569:
4557:
4510:20th century
4497:
4448:Pope Pius IX
4436:19th century
4412:Pope Pius VI
4279:
4160:
4151:Latin Empire
4121:Universities
4073:Pope Leo III
3940:Christianity
3925:state church
3917:Great Church
3718:Resurrection
3681:(30–325/476)
3678:Early Church
3663:Latin Church
3658:Papal States
3653:Vatican City
3483:
3466:
3462:
3435:
3413:
3394:
3375:
3372:Moore, R. I.
3353:
3321:
3317:
3294:
3275:
3266:
3231:
3221:
3202:
3183:
3164:
3145:
3137:Bibliography
3123:
3096:. Retrieved
3082:
3055:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2788:
2776:
2732:
2703:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:the original
2530:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2349:– via
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
1996:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1959:
1946:
1941:
1924:
1919:
1906:
1901:
1888:
1883:
1866:
1861:
1848:
1843:
1830:
1825:
1812:
1807:
1788:Canons 50–52
1778:
1773:
1760:
1755:
1742:
1737:
1724:
1719:
1706:
1701:
1688:
1683:
1670:
1665:
1652:
1647:
1634:
1629:
1616:
1611:
1598:
1593:
1580:
1575:
1562:
1557:
1544:
1539:
1526:
1521:
1508:
1503:
1490:
1485:
1472:
1467:
1454:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1418:
1413:
1400:
1395:
1382:
1377:
1364:
1359:
1343:
1330:
1325:
1312:
1307:
1290:
1285:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1237:
1232:
1219:
1214:
1197:
1192:
1179:
1174:
1153:
1148:
1131:
1126:
1116:incontinence
1109:
1104:
1087:
1082:
1058:
1053:
1032:
1027:
1014:
1009:
996:
991:
978:
973:
960:
955:
942:
937:
924:
919:
906:
901:
887:
882:
861:
856:
831:
826:
818:Description
809:Canon number
727:
718:
695:
693:
679:
675:
661:
641:
624:Nicene Creed
616:Frederick II
613:
609:Callixtus II
598:
559:
532:
523:
508:
496:
494:
469:
420:
416:
413:
294:
86:Next council
29:
5107:Ephesus III
5009:(1962–1965)
5001:(1869–1870)
4993:(1545–1563)
4985:(1512–1517)
4969:(1414–1418)
4961:(1311–1312)
4927:Lateran III
4723:Laudato si'
4518:Pope Pius X
4347:Philip Neri
4322:Pope Pius V
4297:Thomas More
4166:Inquisition
4068:Charlemagne
4028:Monasticism
3838:Persecution
3730:Holy Spirit
3713:Crucifixion
3592:First seven
3432:Tolan, John
3116:Tanner 2016
3075:Tanner 2016
3060:Tanner 2016
3048:Tanner 2016
3033:Tanner 2016
3021:Tanner 2016
3009:Tanner 2016
2983:Tanner 2016
2971:Tanner 2016
2959:Tanner 2016
2944:Tanner 2016
2929:Tanner 2016
2910:Tanner 2016
2893:Tanner 2016
2876:Hoskin 2019
2864:Tanner 2016
2852:Tanner 2016
2840:Tanner 2016
2825:Tanner 2016
2808:Tanner 2016
2793:Tanner 2016
2781:Tanner 2016
2769:Tanner 2016
2754:Tanner 2016
2725:Tanner 2016
2708:Tanner 2016
2696:Tanner 2016
2681:Tanner 2016
2666:Tanner 2016
2651:Duggan 2008
2628:Tanner 2016
2613:Tanner 2016
2601:Tanner 2016
2589:Tanner 2016
2577:Tanner 2016
2565:Duggan 2008
2489:Duggan 2008
2388:Bolton 1995
2376:Bolton 1995
2364:Bolton 1995
2298:Duggan 2008
2274:Tanner 2016
2262:Duggan 2008
2211:Bolton 1995
2166:Bolton 1995
2103:Bolton 1995
2062:Bolton 1995
2050:Bolton 1995
2026:Bolton 1995
1871:Prohibited
1138:drunkenness
979:On inquests
888:On heretics
741:archbishops
665:R. I. Moore
570:Raymond VII
547:Last Supper
529:Proceedings
5296:Categories
5099:Ephesus II
5007:Vatican II
4935:Lateran IV
4919:Lateran II
4596:coronation
4302:Pope Leo X
3887:Tertullian
3817:Revelation
3792:Background
3098:23 October
2513:Logan 2012
2501:Logan 2012
2436:Wayno 2018
2424:Wayno 2018
2412:Wayno 2018
2400:Wayno 2018
2322:Moore 2007
2310:Moore 2007
2142:Jones 2015
2086:Cohen 2022
2074:Cohen 2022
2038:Jones 2015
2006:References
1862:De simonia
1041:, about a
628:True Cross
605:Trastevere
594:Maguelonne
535:feast days
510:Quia maior
491:Background
463:, and the
449:sacraments
421:Lateran IV
5042:(879–880)
4999:Vatican I
4983:Lateran V
4967:Constance
4911:Lateran I
4905:(869–870)
4873:Nicaea II
4867:(680–681)
4849:Chalcedon
4612:Communism
4582:Ecumenism
3928:(380–451)
3920:(180–451)
3909:(313–476)
3831:(100–325)
3374:(2007) .
3338:159940016
3297:. Brill.
2011:Citations
1867:On simony
1248:Eucharist
846:Eucharist
842:sacrament
759:from the
737:cardinals
644:crusading
501:Holy Land
121:Crusading
107:President
5165:See also
5130:Nicaea I
5075:Nicaea I
4825:Nicaea I
4622:HIV/AIDS
4116:Crusades
3870:Irenaeus
3863:Ignatius
3858:Polycarp
3708:Ministry
3696:(30–100)
3570:Timeline
3463:Speculum
1974:Canon 71
1956:Canon 70
1938:Canon 69
1931:Saracens
1916:Canon 68
1898:Canon 67
1880:Canon 64
1858:Canon 63
1840:Canon 57
1822:Canon 54
1804:Canon 53
1770:Canon 49
1752:Canon 48
1734:Canon 47
1716:Canon 46
1698:Canon 45
1680:Canon 44
1662:Canon 43
1644:Canon 42
1626:Canon 41
1608:Canon 40
1590:Canon 39
1572:Canon 38
1554:Canon 37
1536:Canon 36
1518:Canon 35
1500:Canon 34
1482:Canon 33
1464:Canon 32
1446:Canon 31
1428:Canon 30
1410:Canon 29
1392:Canon 28
1374:Canon 27
1356:Canon 26
1340:Canon 25
1322:Canon 24
1304:Canon 23
1282:Canon 22
1255:Canon 21
1246:and the
1229:Canon 20
1211:Canon 19
1189:Canon 18
1171:Canon 17
1145:Canon 16
1123:Canon 15
1101:Canon 14
1079:Canon 13
1050:Canon 12
1024:Canon 11
1006:Canon 10
787:and the
765:monarchs
757:prelates
682:Saracens
638:Outcomes
586:Toulouse
461:heretics
425:convoked
179:a series
177:Part of
5091:Ephesus
4951:Lyon II
4841:Ephesus
4587:Judaism
3987:Vulgate
3797:Gospels
3772:Stephen
3689:Origins
3609:Vulgate
3545:General
3535:of the
3533:History
2345:13 July
1348:Example
1274:confess
1072:chapter
988:Canon 9
970:Canon 8
952:Canon 7
934:Canon 6
916:Canon 5
898:Canon 4
879:Canon 3
853:Canon 2
844:of the
823:Canon 1
815:English
769:Otto IV
733:bishops
652:Judaism
572:), and
551:Luke 22
519:lunette
476:Muslims
190:of the
137:Judaism
5259:(2016)
5251:(1965)
5243:(1872)
5235:(1672)
5227:(1642)
4959:Vienne
4953:(1274)
4945:(1245)
4943:Lyon I
4937:(1215)
4929:(1179)
4921:(1139)
4913:(1123)
4553:Nazism
4375:to the
3982:Jerome
3892:Origen
3575:Papacy
3490:
3450:
3420:
3401:
3382:
3360:
3336:
3301:
3282:
3256:
3246:
3209:
3190:
3171:
3152:
2541:30 May
1873:simony
1244:chrism
1068:priors
1064:Abbots
1043:school
799:Canons
749:priors
745:abbots
724:Legacy
650:, and
648:simony
630:. The
181:on the
129:heresy
117:Topics
5219:(692)
5191:(180–
5179:/155–
5156:(484)
5148:(410)
5140:(381)
5132:(325)
5109:(475)
5101:(449)
5093:(431)
5085:(381)
5077:(325)
4991:Trent
4875:(787)
4859:(553)
4851:(451)
4843:(431)
4835:(381)
4827:(325)
4655:Islam
3923:Roman
3882:Canon
3755:Peter
3703:Jesus
3334:S2CID
3254:JSTOR
1797:banns
812:Title
453:laity
141:laity
133:Islam
4705:2023
4700:2019
4695:2016
4690:2013
4685:2011
4680:2008
4675:2005
4670:2002
4665:2000
4632:1995
3802:Acts
3765:Paul
3760:John
3735:Mary
3488:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3418:ISBN
3399:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3299:ISBN
3280:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3169:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3100:2021
2543:2017
2347:2023
1066:and
1039:1179
870:and
747:and
739:and
580:and
474:and
472:Jews
459:and
457:Jews
437:Rome
423:was
415:The
58:1215
55:Date
5209:451
5205:380
5193:451
5181:314
3691:and
3641:Art
3471:doi
3440:doi
3326:doi
3236:doi
700:by
603:in
435:in
427:by
419:or
5298::
5177:50
3467:93
3465:.
3446:.
3332:.
3322:18
3320:.
3316:.
3252:.
3242:.
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3091:.
3067:^
3040:^
2951:^
2936:^
2917:^
2900:^
2883:^
2832:^
2815:^
2800:^
2761:^
2744:^
2715:^
2688:^
2673:^
2658:^
2635:^
2620:^
2551:^
2529:.
2443:^
2338:.
2254:^
2203:^
2188:^
2173:^
2110:^
2093:^
2018:^
1206:.
1166:.
1118:.
1096:.
874:.
779:,
775:,
716:.
596:.
487:.
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139:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
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5207:–
5203:(
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5175:(
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