379:
131:
25:
481:, baptismal fonts, and other "idolatrous works," even organs, were ruthlessly removed from the churches. In the celebration of the Lord's Supper the breaking of bread was introduced. The revenues from monasteries and foundations were confiscated and applied to Evangelical church purposes or charity. The
505:
also demanded the abolition of the changes. Frederick, however, declared in the 14 May session of the Diet that a matter was concerned over which God alone has the rule, and if it was intended to proceed against him, he would find comfort in the promises of his
Saviour. The decree was not carried
441:
When efforts at mediation failed
Frederick deposed both men on 16 September 1559. To get a clear understanding of the controversy Frederick spent days and nights in theological studies and was thus led more and more to the Reformed confession. A disputation held in June 1560 between the Saxon
492:
order of 1564 consolidated the changes. The opposition of ministers inclining to
Lutheranism was suppressed by their dismissal. Among the Lutherans, Frederick's measures caused a great sensation. The religious colloquy held at
517:; but here he was resisted by the zealous Lutheran estates. He continued his work of reform on the Rhine by introducing in 1570 a strict church discipline. Frederick pronounced the sentence of death on the Antitrinitarian
387:
551:
Frederick's last years were troubled by domestic afflictions. As his older son Louis was a strict
Lutheran, he could not hope that after his death his work would be carried out in his own spirit.
1501:
1040:
2007:
1469:
770:
1076:
1977:
1972:
1621:
858:
459:
485:, prepared by a committee of theologians and ministers likely led by Ursinus, now served as the norm of doctrine and for the instruction of the youth.
1992:
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42:
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89:
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362:, and made the Reformed confession the official religion of his domain by overseeing the composition and promulgation of the
219:
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1936:
1931:
1830:
890:
588:
664:. Frederick had carved out a territory from the Lower Palatine land dubbed "Pfalz-Lautern" for his second surviving son
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1911:
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as an enclave to enable the continued existence of the
Reformed faith. Johann Casimir would serve as regent for the
1926:
1921:
1563:
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1814:
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had found a place in the
Palatinate. In the summer of 1559 bitter controversies arose among them. Theses on the
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1941:
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46:
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on 18 May 1557, and became elector on 12 February 1559, on the death of Otto Henry. Under his predecessor
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upon Louis VI's death and would oversee the return of the
Reformed faith to the Palatinate.
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Elisabeth of Saxony and John
Casimir of the Palatinate: A Marital and Religious Conflict
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568:
419:
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339:
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1685:
Elisabeth von
Sachsen und Johann Kasimir von der Pfalz: Ein Ehe- und Religionskonflikt
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of the Rhine (14 February 1515 – 16 October 1576) was a ruler from the house of
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Kunigunde Jakobäa (9 October 1556 – 26 January 1586), married in 1580 to Count
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458:, and Paul Einhorn increased Frederick's dislike for the Lutheran zealots. After the
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based on the opinion signed by
Olevianus, Ursinus, and Boquin, on 23 December 1572.
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366:. His support of Calvinism gave the German Reformed movement a foothold within the
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deacon Wilhelm Klebitz provoked a bitter controversy between him and Heshusius.
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455:
1956:
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Frederick III and his wives, Marie of Brandenburg and Amalia of Neuenahr
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ordered the changes to be annulled. A unanimous decree of the 1566
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He died in 1576, and was succeeded as Elector Palatine by his son
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Anna Elisabeth (23 July 1549 – 20 September 1609), married:
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587:(30 June 1540 – 8 February 1594), married in 1558 to Duke
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Frederick III was married twice. Firstly, he married in 1537
609:(15 November 1544 – 8 April 1592), married in 1560 to
462:(January 1561) Frederick fully adopted the Reformed dogmas.
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had been there since January 1560. Images of the saints,
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and inherited the Palatinate from the childless Elector
657:( 1539 – 1602), but this marriage was childless.
599:(7 March 1543 – 16 January 1592); married: 1570
2008:
Burials at the Church of the Holy Spirit, Heidelberg
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Hermann Ludwig (6 October 1541 – 1 July 1556)
497:in April 1564 increased the animosity. In 1565 the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
402:, but, influenced by his wife, the pious princess
1691:] (in German). Dresden: Dresdner Buchverlag.
643:Karl (28 December 1552 – 12 September 1555)
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615:Albert (30 September 1546 – 30 April 1547)
528:as a refuge to the Evangelicals driven from the
1978:16th-century Calvinist and Reformed Christians
1973:16th-century Prince-electors of the Palatinate
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713:Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-ZweibrĂĽcken
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513:, Frederick endeavored to continue it in the
488:The church order of 15 November 1563 and the
684:Ancestors of Frederick III, Elector Palatine
575:Alberta (4 April 1538 – 19 March 1553)
509:After completing the work of reform in the
469:to Heidelberg, and in September the famous
406:, whom he married in 1537, he followed the
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1808:
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565:Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1993:German Calvinist and Reformed Christians
1682:
473:. The whole Church was now transformed.
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275:Cunigunde, Countess of Nassau-Dillenburg
264:Dorothea Susanne, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar
546:Wolfgang, Count Palatine of ZweibrĂĽcken
394:Frederick was strictly educated in the
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581:(4 July 1539 – 22 October 1583)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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398:faith at his father's court and at
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957:Philip I, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
917:John II, Count Palatine of Simmern
151:12 February 1559 – 26 October 1576
16:Elector Palatine from 1559 to 1576
14:
2019:
1444:Philip I, Count of Katzenelnbogen
797:John I, Count Palatine of Simmern
611:John William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
563:(1519 – 1567), daughter of
58:"Frederick III, Elector Palatine"
1710:Frederick III, Elector Palatine
1564:Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen
603:(18 October 1552 - 2 April 1590)
23:
1683:Böttcher, Hans-Joachim (2018).
1158:Frederick III, Elector Palatine
1015:Elisabeth of Lorraine-Vaudémont
636:Christof (13 June 1551 –
135:Frederick III, Elector Palatine
34:needs additional citations for
1200:Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
532:. He sent his like-minded son
1:
1676:
1041:Johanna of Nassau-SaarbrĂĽcken
983:John II of Nassau-SaarbrĂĽcken
653:Secondly, he married in 1569
623:Philipp II of Hesse-Rheinfels
589:Johann Frederick II of Saxony
561:Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
536:in 1567 and again in 1576 to
232:Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
1284:Christopher I of Baden-Baden
675:
670:Electorate of the Palatinate
648:John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg
352:Otto-Henry, Elector Palatine
254:Elizabeth, Duchess of Saxony
7:
1998:House of Palatinate-Simmern
1470:Philip II of Katzenelnbogen
544:. In 1569 he assisted also
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250:Louis VI, Elector Palatine
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833:Arnold, Duke of Guelders
324:Frederick III of Simmern
1320:Ernest, Duke of Austria
571:. Their children were:
548:on his way to France.
524:In 1562 Frederick gave
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630:John August of Veldenz
450:and the Heidelbergers
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383:
1988:Converts to Calvinism
1622:Genoveva of Virneburg
1258:Catherine of Lorraine
621:in 1569 to Landgrave
389:
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2003:House of Wittelsbach
1715:House of Wittelsbach
1378:Cymburgis of Masovia
1346:Catherine of Austria
1133:23. Johanna of Diest
859:Margaret of Guelders
483:Heidelberg Catechism
404:Maria of Brandenburg
364:Heidelberg Catechism
286:House of Wittelsbach
43:improve this article
1983:People from Simmern
1502:Anna of WĂĽrttemberg
891:Catherine of Cleves
601:Elisabeth of Saxony
555:Family and children
467:Emmanuel Tremellius
460:Naumburg Convention
334:, specifically the
1932:Charles III Philip
655:Amalia of Neuenahr
569:Susanna of Bavaria
499:Emperor Maximilian
420:Tilemann Heshusius
392:
384:
348:John II of Simmern
346:. He was a son of
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296:John II of Simmern
236:Amalia of Neuenahr
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1942:Maximilian Joseph
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1758:Succeeded by
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471:Zacharius Ursinus
368:Holy Roman Empire
321:
320:
306:Beatrice of Baden
220:Heiliggeistkirche
119:
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1937:Charles Theodore
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1790:Elector Palatine
1780:Preceded by
1764:
1741:Preceded by
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1724:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1404:Beatrix of Baden
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607:Dorothea Susanne
515:Upper Palatinate
511:Rhine Palatinate
503:Diet of Augsburg
475:Caspar Olevianus
434:prepared by the
416:strict Lutherans
328:Elector Palatine
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190:14 February 1515
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1912:Charles I Louis
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424:Melanchthonians
382:Young Frederick
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540:in aid of the
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456:Thomas Erastus
448:Joachim Mörlin
444:Johann Stössel
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1927:John William
1902:Frederick IV
1891:
1882:Frederick II
1788:
1767:John Casimir
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336:cadet branch
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222:, Heidelberg
204:(1576-10-26)
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1968:1576 deaths
1963:1515 births
1907:Frederick V
1867:Frederick I
530:Netherlands
526:Frankenthal
408:Reformation
356:Ottheinrich
332:Wittelsbach
271:Christopher
156:Predecessor
1957:Categories
1917:Charles II
1887:Otto Henry
1852:Rupert III
1794:1559–1576
1783:Otto-Henry
1755:1557–1576
1677:Literature
490:consistory
436:Heidelberg
428:Calvinists
209:Heidelberg
186:1515-02-14
160:Otto Henry
99:April 2017
69:newspapers
1857:Louis III
1847:Rupert II
676:Ancestors
585:Elisabeth
542:Huguenots
495:Maulbronn
479:vestments
360:Calvinism
166:Successor
1897:Louis VI
1862:Louis IV
1842:Rupert I
1761:Louis VI
662:Louis VI
396:Catholic
344:Sponheim
316:Reformed
312:Religion
170:Louis VI
1877:Louis V
1771:Lautern
1744:John II
412:Simmern
400:Cologne
273:Charles
247:Alberta
193:Simmern
83:scholar
1872:Philip
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538:France
426:, and
302:Mother
292:Father
267:Albert
228:Spouse
215:Burial
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1687:[
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281:House
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148:Reign
90:JSTOR
76:books
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