Free-software license

1059:, or the BSD-based distributions. Examples include prohibiting that the software be used for non-private applications, for military purposes, for comparison or benchmarking, for good use, for ethically questionable means, or in commercial organizations. While some restrictions on user freedom, e.g. concerning nuclear war, seem to enjoy moral support among most free software developers, it is generally believed that such agendas should not be served through software licenses; among other things because of practical aspects such as resulting legal uncertainties and problems with enforceability of vague, broad and/or subjective criteria or because tool makers are generally not held responsible for other people's use of their tools. Nevertheless some projects include legally non-binding pleas to the user, prominently 1039:, have a less complicated license interaction and normally exhibit better license compatibility. For example, if one license says "modified versions must mention the developers in any advertising materials", and another license says "modified versions cannot contain additional attribution requirements", then, if someone combined a software package which uses one license with a software package which uses the other, it would be impossible to distribute the combination because these contradictory requirements cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. Thus, these two packages would be license-incompatible. When it comes to 1353: 1804:... the organization that manages open source developers working on the next generation of Netscape's browser and communication software. This event marked a historical milestone for the Internet as Netscape became the first major commercial software company to open its source code, a trend that has since been followed by several other corporations. Since the code was first published on the Internet, thousands of individuals and organizations have downloaded it and made hundreds of contributions to the software. Mozilla.org is now celebrating this one-year anniversary with a party Thursday night in San Francisco. 1964:

license to do so. :-) ... For the record, I have already voted +1 to approve the CC0 public domain dedication and fallback license as OSD compliant. I admit that I have argued for years against the "public domain" as an open source license, but in retrospect, considering the minimal risk to developers and users relying on such software and the evident popularity of that "license", I changed my mind. One can't stand in the way of a fire hose of free public domain software, even if it doesn't come with a better FOSS license that I trust more.

998: 22: 4110: 4100: 922:. In this case, the source code must also contain any changes the developers may have made. If GPL code is used but not shared or sold, the code is not required to be made available and any changes may remain private. This permits developers and organizations to use and modify GPL code for private purposes (that is, when the code or the project is not sold or otherwise shared) without being required to make their changes available to the public. 1102: 3139:

software license whatsoever. So if you write a new program, and you have no commitments at all about what license you want to use, saving only that it be a free license, you cannot include GFDL'd text. The GNU FDL, as it stands today, does not meet the Debian Free Software Guidelines. There are significant problems with the license, as detailed above; and, as such, we cannot accept works licensed under the GNU FDL into our distribution.

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its advantages. Some also argue that restricting distribution makes the license less free. Whereas proponents would argue that not preserving freedom during distribution would make it less free. For example, a non-copyleft license does not grant the author the freedom to see modified versions of his or her work if it gets publicly published, whereas a copyleft license does grant that freedom.

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code becomes proprietary, users are denied the freedoms that define free software. As a result, they consider the BSD license less free than the GPL, and that freedom is more than a lack of restriction. Since the BSD license restricts the right of developers to have changes recontributed to the community, neither it nor the GPL is "free" in the sense of "lacking any restrictions."

964:. Most newly written free-software licenses since the late 1990s include some form of patent retaliation clauses. These measures stipulate that one's rights under the license (such as to redistribution), may be terminated if one attempts to enforce patents relating to the licensed software, under certain circumstances. As an example, the 2410:

1. MIT license 24%, 2. GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 23%, 3. Apache License 16%, 4. GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 9%, 5. BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised) License 6%, 6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 5%, 7. Artistic License (Perl) 4%, 8. GNU Lesser General Public

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In some ways, Linux was the project that really made the split clear between what the FSF is pushing which is very different from what open source and Linux has always been about, which is more of a technical superiority instead of a -- this religious belief in freedom," Torvalds told Zemlin. So, the

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Most rights can be voluntarily abandoned ("waived") by the owner of the rights. Legislators can go to extra effort to create rights that can't be abandoned, but usually they don't do this. In particular, you can voluntarily abandon your United States copyrights: "It is well settled that rights gained

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Supporters of the BSD license argue that it is more free than the GPL because it grants the right to do anything with the source code, provided that the attribution is preserved. The approach has led to BSD code being used in widely used proprietary software. Proponents of the GPL point out that once

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It is not possible to borrow text from a GFDL'd manual and incorporate it in any free software program whatsoever. This is not a mere license incompatibility. It's not just that the GFDL is incompatible with this or that free software license: it's that it is fundamentally incompatible with any free

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Apache 2 software can therefore be included in GPLv3 projects, because the GPLv3 license accepts our software into GPLv3 works. However, GPLv3 software cannot be included in Apache projects. The licenses are incompatible in one direction only, and it is a result of ASF's licensing philosophy and the

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No. Some of the requirements in GPLv3, such as the requirement to provide Installation Information, do not exist in GPLv2. As a result, the licenses are not compatible: if you tried to combine code released under both these licenses, you would violate section 6 of GPLv2. However, if code is released

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2 has been tested in to court, first in Germany in 2004 and later in the US. In the German case the judge did not explicitly discuss the validity of the GPL's clauses but accepted that the GPL had to be adhered to: "If the GPL were not agreed upon by the parties, defendant would notwithstanding lack

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The licences for distributing free or open source software (FOSS) are divided in two families: permissive and copyleft. Permissive licences (BSD, MIT, X11, Apache, Zope) are generally compatible and interoperable with most other licences, tolerating to merge, combine or improve the covered code and

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Permissive licensing simplifies things One reason the business world, and more and more developers , favor permissive licenses is in the simplicity of reuse. The license usually only pertains to the source code that is licensed and makes no attempt to infer any conditions upon any other component,

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The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement. The event that precipitated this attempted semantic coup d'état was the release of the source code for Netscape's Communicator Web browser. It's tough to overestimate the importance of Netscape to the fortunes of Free

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Supporters of GPL claim that by mandating that derivative works remain under the GPL, it fosters the growth of free software and requires equal participation by all users. Opponents of GPL claim that "no license can guarantee future software availability" and that the disadvantages of GPL outweigh

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Prior to 1998, Free Software referred either to the Free Software Foundation (and the watchful, micromanaging eye of Stallman) or to one of thousands of different commercial, avocational, or university-research projects, processes, licenses, and ideologies that had a variety of names: sourceware,

1963:

The case you referenced in your email, Hampton v. Paramount Pictures, 279 F.2d 100 (9th Cir. Cal. 1960), stands for the proposition that, at least in the Ninth Circuit, a person can indeed abandon his copyrights (counter to what I wrote in my article) -- but it takes the equivalent of a manifest

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GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 58.69% GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 11.39% Artistic License (Perl) 7.46% BSD License 6.50% Apache License 2.0 2.92% MIT License 2.58% GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 1.64% Mozilla Public License (MPL) 1.1 1.37% Common Public License 0.83%

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foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL "does not allow for easy duplication and

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FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the Free Software ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. FSF is not Creative Commons:the documentation that FSF handles is an essential

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Since BusyBox can be found in so many embedded systems, it finds itself at the core of the GPLv3 anti-DRM debate. The real outcomes, however, are this: BusyBox will be GPLv2 only starting with the next release. It is generally accepted that stripping out the "or any later version" is legally

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is a software license published in Spain in December 2006 to allow all but military use. The writers of the license maintain it is free software, but the Free Software Foundation says it is not free because it infringes the so-called "zero freedom" of the GPL, that is, the freedom to use the

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In the early times of software, sharing of software and source code was common in certain communities, for instance academic institutions. Before the US Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU) decided in 1974 that "computer programs, to the extent that they embody an

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3 of its GNU General Public License (GPL) on the 29th of June 2007, contributors to the VLC media player, and other software projects hosted at videolan.org, debated the possibility of updating the licensing terms for future version of the VLC media player and other hosted projects, to

911:". This results in the new software being open source as well. Since copyleft ensures that later generations of the software grant the freedom to modify the code, this is "free software". Non-copyleft licenses do not ensure that later generations of the software will remain free. 902:

in the mid-1980s pioneered a concept known as "copyleft". Ensuing copyleft provisions stated that when modified versions of free software are distributed, they must be distributed under the same terms as the original software. Hence they are referred to as "share and

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3 of the GPL. ... There is strong concern that these new additional requirements might not match the industrial and economic reality of our time, especially in the market of consumer electronics. It is our belief that changing our licensing terms to GPL

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Currently the decision to move from GPL v2 to GPL v3 is being hotly debated by many open source projects. According to Palamida, a provider of IP compliance software, there have been roughly 2489 open source projects that have moved from GPLv2 to later

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In 2007, after years of draft discussion, the GPLv3 as major update of the GPLv2 was released. The release was controversial due to the significant extended scope of the license, which made it incompatible with the GPLv2. Several major FOSS projects

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follows at third place. A study from 2012, which used publicly available data, criticized Black Duck Software for not publishing their methodology used in collecting statistics. Daniel German, professor in the Department of Computer Science at the

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As there are several defining organizations and groups who publish definitions and guidelines about FOSS licenses, notably the FSF, the OSI, the Debian project, and the BSDs, there are sometimes conflicting opinions and interpretations.

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under the Copyright Act may be abandoned. But abandonment of a right must be manifested by some overt act indicating an intention to abandon that right. See Hampton v. Paramount Pictures Corp., 279 F.2d 100, 104 (9th Cir. 1960)."

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From the above chart it is clear that the GPL family is the highest used (I had miscalculated it as MIT before).The other major licenses are MIT, BSD, the LGPL family, Artistic (for Perl packages), LPPL (foe texlive packages),

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Don't invent a straw man argument please. I consider licensing BusyBox under GPLv3 to be useless, unnecessary, overcomplicated, and confusing, and in addition to that it has actual downsides. 1) Useless: We're never dropping

1784:"MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., April 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Netscape Communications and open source developers are celebrating the first anniversary, March 31, 1999, of the release of Netscape's browser source code to mozilla.org" 1322:

in Canada, presented a talk in 2013 about the methodological challenges in determining which are the most widely used free-software licenses, and showed how he could not replicate the result from Black Duck Software.

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which are derived from BSD-licensed software. In extreme cases, the sub- or re-licensing possibilities with BSD or other permissive licenses might prevent further use in the open-source ecosystem. For instance,

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2, with the commonly-offered option to use 'any later version' thereof (though there was not any such later version at the time). Following the release by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) of the new version

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the necessary rights to copy, distribute, and make the software 'netfilter/iptables' publicly available." Because the defendant did not comply with the GPL, it had to cease use of the software. The US case (

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the restriction that source code must be distributed or made available for all works that are derivatives As a consequence, software bound by the GPL terms cannot be included in the kernel or "runtime" of

837:) free-software licensing rather than permissive free-software licensing for most purposes. Its list distinguishes between free-software licenses that are compatible or incompatible with the FSF's copyleft 1019:

Licenses of software packages containing contradictory requirements render it impossible to combine source code from such packages in order to create new software packages. License compatibility between a

1770:

Bold move to harness creative power of thousands of internet developers; company makes Netscape Navigator and Communicator 4.0 immediately free for all users, seeding market for enterprise and netcenter

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according to David A. Wheeler (2007): the vector arrows denote a one directional compatibility, therefore better compatibility on the left side ("permissive licenses") than on the right side ("copyleft

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in 1985, which was revised into the "GNU Emacs General Public License" in late 1985, and clarified in March 1987 and February 1988. Likewise, the similar GCC General Public License was applied to the

1231:(GFDL). Debian accepts the original Artistic License as being a free software license, but FSF disagrees. This has very little impact however since the Artistic License is almost always used in a 2719:

and because of this there is no need to define what constitutes a derived work. I have also never seen a license compatibility chart for permissive licenses; it seems that they are all compatible.

1277:. The FSF argues that documentation is qualitatively different from software and is subject to different requirements. Debian accepted, in a later resolution, that the GNU FDL complied with the 736:

open-source programs office manager Chris DiBona reported that the number of open-source projects licensed software that had moved to GPLv3 from GPLv2 was 50%, counting the projects hosted at

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In 2011, four years after the release of the GPLv3, 6.5% of all open-source licensed projects were GPLv3 while 42.5% were still GPLv2 according to Black Duck Software data. Following in 2011

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considerations. While the creation of new licenses slowed down later, license proliferation and its impact are considered an ongoing serious challenge for the free and open-source ecosystem.

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The majority of free-software licenses require that modified software not claim to be unmodified. Some licenses also require that copyright holders be credited. One such example is version

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3 would currently not be in the best interest of our community as a whole. Consequently, we plan to keep distributing future versions of VLC media player under the terms of the GPL version

984:

2 of the GNU GPL, which requires that interactive programs that print warranty or license information, may not have these notices removed from modified versions intended for distribution.

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may terminate a user's rights if said user embarks on litigation proceedings against them due to patent litigation. Patent retaliation emerged in response to proliferation and abuse of

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The vast majority of free software uses undisputed free-software licenses; however, there have been many debates over whether or not certain other licenses qualify for the definition.

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At the time, the decision seemed sensible in the face of a deadlock. But now, GPLv2 is used for 42.5% of free software, and GPLv3 for less than 6.5%, according to Black Duck Software.

884:, include intentionally stronger restrictions (especially on the distribution/distributor) in order to force derived projects to guarantee specific rights which can't be taken away. 2306: 810:. It considers Free Software Permissive license group to be a reference implementation of a Free Software license. Thus its requirements for approving licenses are different. 556:

author's original creation, are proper subject matter of copyright", software was not considered copyrightable. Therefore, software had no licenses attached and was shared as

2443:

1 MIT 44.69%, 2 Other 15.68%, 3 GPLv2 12.96%, 4 Apache 11.19%, 5 GPLv3 8.88%, 6 BSD 3-clause 4.53%, 7 Unlicense 1.87%, 8 BSD 2-clause 1.70%, 9 LGPLv3 1.30%, 10 AGPLv3 1.05%

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analyst Matthew Aslett argued in a blog post that copyleft licenses went into decline and permissive licenses increased, based on statistics from Black Duck Software.

641:' step to release its webbrowser under a FOSS license in 1998, inspired many other companies to adapt to the FOSS ecosystem. In this trend companies and new projects ( 1977: 1649: 4146: 3682: 3031:

Content that you submit must not directly compete with products offered by MathWorks. Content submitted to File Exchange may only be used with MathWorks products.

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component of FSF's Free Software, and should be treated as such. In that light, the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years.

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License -> OSI: GNU General Public License (GPL) (32641 projects), GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (4889 projects of 45727, 82.1%)

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Software. But Netscape is far more famous among geeks for giving away something else, in 1998: the source code to Netscape Communicator (née Navigator).

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describes a process where hardware restrictions are used to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware, in which the

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vs Progress) was settled before a verdict was arrived at, but at an initial hearing, Judge Saris "saw no reason" that the GPL would not be enforceable.

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freeware, shareware, open software, public domain software, and so on. The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement.

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software could not truly be waived into public domain and can't be interpreted as very permissive FOSS license, a position which faced opposition by

577:

Free-software licenses before the late 1980s were generally informal notices written by the developers themselves. These early licenses were of the "

960:

device is an example. It is viewed by the FSF as a way to turn free software to effectively non-free, and is why they have chosen to prohibit it in

1563:

The latter is covered by the GNU Emacs General Public License, which says that sources of anything using it must be available for free to everyone.

1285:" is removed, but considers it "still not free of trouble". Notwithstanding, most GNU documentation includes "invariant sections". Similarly, the 5082: 4675: 1043:

software licenses, they are not inherently compatible with other copyleft licenses, even the GPLv2 is, by itself, not compatible with the GPLv3.

91: 1156:(GPL), are undesirably complicated and/or restrictive. The GPL requires any derivative work to also be released according to the GPL while the 1067:'s (joking) “no evil” clause, which affected the release process of the Debian distribution in 2012 and got the JSMin-PHP project expelled from 342:

Free-software licenses provide risk mitigation against different legal threats or behaviors that are seen as potentially harmful by developers:

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and another license is often only a one-way compatibility. This "one-way compatibility" characteristic is, for instanced, criticized by the

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free-software licenses for each of its software packages. An early such license (the "GNU Emacs Copying Permission Notice") was used for

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law, but the rights-holder (usually the author) of a piece of software can remove these restrictions by accompanying the software with a

3618: 1337:'s packages showed as most used licenses the GPL family, followed by MIT, BSD, the LGP family, Artistic (for Perl packages), LPPL (for 1160:

does not. Essentially, the BSD license's only requirement is to acknowledge the original authors, and poses no restrictions on how the

119: 3568: 3538: 2587: 4317: 3715: 1749: 545: 4132: 2279: 1451: 3291: 3238: 2214:

Blender is also still 'GPLv2 or later'. For the time being we stick to that, moving to GPL 3 has no evident benefits I know of.

2083: 1416: 3443: 3152: 1112: 4506: 3687: 3645: 3588: 3354: 2341: 2368: 2041: 4103: 4051: 3981: 3665: 1981: 1653: 1358: 4668: 4394: 3625: 3518: 2338:"GPL, copyleft use declining faster than ever - Data suggests a sharper rate of decline, which raises the question: why?" 1753: 1619:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the second international GPLv3 conference, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 2006-04-21" 1472: 1330:

study in 2015 on their statistical data found that the MIT license was the most prominent FOSS license on that platform.

948:

litigation cases – a problem which had not previously existed. This new threat was one of the reasons for writing version

802:. OSI agrees with FSF on all widely used free-software licenses, but differ from FSF's list, as it approves against the 1063:. Among the repeated attempts by developers to regulate user behavior through the license that sparked wider debate are 4006: 3858: 2739: 2201: 1255: 1528: 3921: 3831: 3826: 3423: 772: 281: 2705: 1529:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the third international GPLv3 conference, Barcelona; 2006-06-22 - FSFE" 4327: 3650: 3558: 2812: 861: 184: 2948: 2890:"❌(REVERTED): Add text to MIT License banning ICE collaborators by jamiebuilds · Pull Request #1616 · lerna/Lerna" 4727: 4210: 3916: 3748: 3655: 1371: 1278: 1220: 570:, clarified that the Copyright Act gave computer programs the copyright status of literary works and started the 2549:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the fifth international GPLv3 conference, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-11-21" 4661: 4491: 3495: 3268: 2120: 1950: 1266: 1228: 1145: 633:

movement pushed and focused the free-software idea forward in the wider public and business perception. In the

112: 2527: 2506: 1254:, which were accepted by the Open Source Initiative but not by the Free Software Foundation or Debian and the 4710: 4332: 4200: 4011: 3906: 3730: 3720: 3504: 3458: 2813:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the third international GPLv3 conference, Barcelona; 2006-06-22" 1386: 149: 66: 3012: 1626: 1148:-based operating systems have a different position on licensing. The main difference is the belief that the 732:) decided against adopting the GPLv3. On the other hand, in 2009, two years after the release of the GPLv3, 4427: 4077: 3931: 3725: 4958: 4039: 3946: 3781: 3468: 1251: 965: 290: 2548: 1051:

Restrictions on use of a software ("use restrictions") are generally unacceptable according to the FSF,

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a new method of trying to deprive the users of freedom. In broad terms we refer to this as tivoization.

1501: 1376: 1236: 1153: 1124: 838: 614: 376: 5087: 5021: 4747: 4641: 4541: 4437: 4259: 4190: 4071: 3986: 3971: 3338: 1942: 1894: 1750:"Netscape Announces Plans to Make Next-Generation Communicator Source Code Available Free on the Net" 1550: 1188:' FileExchange repository offers the BSD license for user contributions but prevents with additional 685: 105: 1947:"(License-review) (License-discuss) CC0 incompliant with OSD on patents, (was: MXM compared to CC0)" 1478:

in Golden Gate University Law Review Volume 14, Issue 2, Article 3 by Jan L. Nussbaum (January 1984)

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dethroned the GPLv2 as most popular free-software license to the second place while the permissive

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Open-Source Software - Develop, share, and reuse open source software for public administrations

1223:(DFSG). The only notable cases where Debian and Free Software Foundation disagree are over the 4870: 4742: 4447: 4432: 4307: 4274: 4180: 4113: 4001: 3848: 3811: 3710: 3393: 2834:"Censorship envy and licensing — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software" 2459: 1846: 1447: 1319: 1120: 1072: 1052: 857: 850: 803: 795: 704:, while admitting that contrary to his previous claims copyright can be waived away, backed by 557: 272: 3182: 3126: 2010: 1575: 621:

2 of the GPL, released in 1991, went on to become the most widely used free-software license.

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regarding the fine line between what restrictions can be applied and still be called "free".

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which grants the recipient these rights. Software using such a license is free software (or

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defensible, and that the merging of other GPLv2-only code will force that issue in any case.

1079:

in 2005, as well as several software projects trying to exclude use by big cloud providers.

136:

is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and

4981: 4865: 4855: 4737: 4720: 4387: 4382: 4362: 4061: 3996: 3991: 3553: 3086:"Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses: Why don't you use the GPL for manuals?" 2427: 1193: 1168: 662: 630: 606: 295: 173:

Types of software license and similar licenses. The highlighted columns are free software.

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License (LGPL) 3.0 2%, 9. Microsoft Public License 2%, 10. Eclipse Public License (EPL) 2%

2028:

2 or later,' that is compatible with GPLv3 because GPLv3 is one of the options it permits.

8: 4986: 4971: 4768: 4302: 4170: 3941: 3543: 2679: 2643: 2617: 1920: 1036: 799: 789: 701: 693: 206: 56: 1884:, 195 F. Supp. 2d 328 (D. Mass. 2002), on defendant's motion for preliminary injunction. 1757: 5046: 5036: 4991: 4705: 4620: 4566: 4470: 3488: 3343: 3071: 3058:"Why can't I use code from File Exchange in Octave? It's released under a BSD license!" 1258:, which was accepted by Open Source Initiative and Free Software Foundation but not by 1029: 941: 935: 873: 725: 578: 189: 25:

The free-software-licensing spectrum and some examples of programs under those licenses

5061: 5001: 4976: 4800: 4501: 4264: 4099: 4021: 3868: 3548: 3350: 2675: 2283: 2011:"Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses – Is GPLv3 compatible with GPLv2?" 1309:

license has been the GPLv2, in 2015, according to Black Duck Software the permissive

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of the author but allow practically all code use cases. Certain licenses, namely the

646: 562: 3127:"Draft Debian Position Statement about the GNU Free Documentation License (nerGFDL)" 2833: 1420: 864:

is restriction-free. Examples of public-domain-like licenses are, for instance, the

4875: 4692: 4581: 4526: 4486: 4367: 4205: 3786: 3156: 2486:"Various Licenses and Comments about Them - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" 2063:

2 pretty closely matches what I think a license should do and so right now, Version

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is also one of the first free-software licenses, dating to 1988. In 1989, version

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which doesn't have this characteristic. Non-copyleft licenses, such as the FOSS

4571: 4536: 4511: 4252: 4225: 4215: 3853: 3776: 3209:"Resolution: Why the GNU Free Documentation License is not suitable for Debian" 1334: 1314: 1032: 768: 764: 634: 268: 3437: 2753:

to re-distribute it under many licences (including non-free or 'proprietary').

152:) as conferred by the copyright holder. Free-software licenses are applied to 21: 5076: 4936: 4715: 4561: 4286: 4084: 4045: 3951: 3608: 3533: 3481: 3234: 1391: 1286: 705: 696:

and others. In 2012 the dispute was finally resolved when Rosen accepted the

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In 2001, VLC was released under the OSI-approved GNU General Public version

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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

713: 432: 211: 71: 3269:"Transcript of Richard Stallman at the 3nd international GPLv3 conference" 2706:"Should I use a permissive license? Copyleft? Or something in the middle?" 940:

During the 1990s, free-software licenses began including clauses, such as

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Grants rights for noncommercial use only. May be combined with copyleft.

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packages), and ASL. The GNU GPLv2+ was the single most popular license

1269:, which is incompatible with the GPL, was considered "non-free" by the 1200: 3453: 2981:"The SSPL is Not an Open Source License | Open Source Initiative" 771:'s packages revealed as most used licenses the GPL, MIT, BSD, and the 4996: 4943: 4839: 4827: 4247: 3873: 3345:

Open Source Licensing: Software Freedom and Intellectual Property Law

2994: 2528:"Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project" 2507:"Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project" 1924: 1250:

Examples of licenses that provoked debate were the 1.x series of the

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GPLv3 broke "the" GPL into incompatible forks that can't share code.

1551:"Montgomery EMACS : when did it leave the Public Domain ?" 657:) wrote their own FOSS licenses, or adapted existing licenses. This 4805: 4795: 4790: 4700: 4322: 3911: 3791: 3404:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

3313: 2980: 2170: 2143: 1898: 1180: 1149: 1040: 893: 830: 594: 325: 320: 194: 153: 81: 51: 32: 1476:

Puts the Byte Back into Copyright Protection for Computer Programs

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The Free Software Foundation's list of free and non-free licenses

2280:"GPLv3 hits 50 percent adoption | The Open Road - CNET News" 1338: 721: 642: 85: 2792:"The HESSLA's Problems - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" 4763: 2894: 1506: 1327: 1270: 1259: 1216: 1196: 1060: 1056: 756: 733: 2949:"Open source project adds "no military use" clause to the GPL" 3878: 2962: 2862:"A Peaceful Open Source License | Wise Earth Technology" 2588:"The Free-Libre / Open Source Software (FLOSS) License Slide" 1313:

dethroned the GPLv2 to the second place while the permissive

1176: 961: 865: 826:, maintains a non-exhaustive list of free-software licences. 717: 678: 315: 2910:"Evil, or why Douglas Crockford is harmful to Free Software" 767:

follows already at third place. In June 2016 an analysis of

1306: 1293: 1189: 1002: 957: 914:

Developers who use GPL code in their product must make the

2084:"7 Reasons Why Free Software Is Losing Influence: Page 2" 1843:"Report of License Proliferation Committee and draft FAQ" 952:

3 of the GNU GPL in 2006. In recent years, a term coined

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License allowing software modification and redistribution

3233: 3072:"Freedom or Power? by Bradley Kuhn and Richard Stallman" 224:

Grants use rights, including right to relicense (allows

140:

that software. These actions are usually prohibited by

2396:. Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from 1818:"The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits" 1725:"The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits" 1444:"What if copyright didn't apply to binary executables?" 975: 844: 629:

Starting in the mid-1990s and until the mid-2000s, the

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Copyleft is the main source of compatibility problems.

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Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing

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Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corporation

1290:

modification", especially for digital documentation.

3524:

Comparison of open-source and closed-source software

1367:

Comparison of free and open-source software licenses

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From the free-software licenses, the GNU GPL version

987: 346:Frequently used protective and permissive licenses 4154: 3892: 3342: 1742: 1171:that only acknowledges the authors. For instance, 1075:to the GPL for the distributed computing software 898:The free-software share-alike licenses written by 560:. The CONTU decision plus court decisions such as 164:form, as the copyright law recognizes both forms. 3503: 3388:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 2674: 2228:"VLC media player to remain under GNU GPL version 1242: 5074: 3201: 2924:"JSMin isn't welcome on Google Code - wonko.com" 2388: 2386: 1978:"The Curse of Open Source License Proliferation" 1650:"The Curse of Open Source License Proliferation" 1071:, the addition of a pacifist condition based on 918:available to anyone when they share or sell the 3271:. Free Software Foundation Europe. 22 June 2006 3171: 2692:GPLv3 authors' interpretation of copyright law. 2198:"What's up with DWG adoption in free software?" 2005: 2003: 798:(OSI) defines and maintains a list of approved 2307:"GPL, copyleft use declining faster than ever" 2077: 2075: 2059:3 reflects the FSF's goals and the GPL Version 1941: 1893: 4669: 4140: 3489: 2570:"Richard Stallman discusses changes in GPLv3" 2453: 2451: 2421: 2419: 2383: 1861:"Groklaw - The German GPL Order - Translated" 755:In 2015 according to Black Duck Software and 665:ecosystem due to the increased complexity of 605:, which was initially published in 1987. The 113: 3529:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities 3289: 3177: 2732:"Licence Compatibility and Interoperability" 2271: 2000: 1678: 1502:"GNU Emacs Copying Permission Notice (1985)" 2758: 2697: 2457: 2072: 2033: 1273:project around 2006, Nathanael Nerode, and 4676: 4662: 4147: 4133: 3496: 3482: 3245:. FLOSS Manuals Foundation. Archived from 3144: 3124: 2448: 2416: 2225: 2195: 1925:"Placing documents into the public domain" 1672: 1219:project uses the criteria laid out in its 849:There exists an ongoing debate within the 120: 106: 4683: 3454:Open Source Initiative's list of licenses 3424:Learn how and when to remove this message 2614:"How GPLv3 tackles license proliferation" 2428:"Open source license usage on GitHub.com" 2196:Prokoudine, Alexandre (26 January 2012). 1919: 1882:Progress Software Corporation v. MySQL AB 4318:Business models for open-source software 3044:"File Exchange Licensing Transition FAQ" 2335: 2304: 2219: 2200:. libregraphicsworld.org. Archived from 1980:. socializedsoftware.com. Archived from 1827:press - durham and london. p. 100. 1652:. socializedsoftware.com. Archived from 1481: 1305:While historically the most widely used 996: 992: 661:was later recognized as problem for the 546:History of free and open-source software 20: 3151:Nerode, Nathanael (24 September 2003). 2703: 2640:European Open source Lawyers Event 2008 2631:LAURENT, Philippe (24 September 2008). 2630: 2586:Wheeler, David A. (27 September 2007). 2585: 2460:"Software Licenses in Fedora Ecosystem" 2168: 2081: 2040:Kerner, Sean Michael (8 January 2008). 1899:"Why the public domain isn't a license" 1734:press - durham and london. p. 99. 1441: 1414: 1082: 5083:Free and open-source software licenses 5075: 3292:"GPL use in Debian on the rise: study" 3150: 2724: 2704:Hanwell, Marcus D. (28 January 2014). 2425: 2365:"On the continuing decline of the GPL" 2362: 2141: 2113:"MySQL changes license to avoid GPLv3" 2039: 1623:Fsfe - Free Software Foundation Europe 1487:Lemley, Menell, Merges and Samuelson. 4657: 4507:Organization for Transformative Works 4128: 3477: 3337: 2738:. joinup.ec.europa.eu. Archived from 1815: 1722: 1548: 1199:software, for instance with the FOSS 1167:As a result, BSD code can be used in 1001:License compatibility between common 929: 829:The Free Software Foundation prefers 690:Why the public domain isn't a license 4052:Microsoft Open Specification Promise 3368: 3183:"stepping in between Debian and FSF" 3108:"Re: Proposed statement wrt GNU FDL" 3105: 2646:– Belgium. p. 7. Archived from 2633:"The GPLv3 and compatibility issues" 2363:Aslett, Matthew (15 December 2011). 2336:Proffitt, Brian (16 December 2011). 2305:Proffitt, Brian (16 December 2011). 2277: 1975: 1647: 1359:Free and open-source software portal 1095: 976:Attribution, disclaimers and notices 845:Conditions in free-software licenses 3519:Alternative terms for free software 3153:"Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL" 2764: 2082:Byfield, Bruce (22 November 2011). 1754:Netscape Communications Corporation 1092:Permissive versus copyleft opinions 876:might carry small obligations like 814:FSF-approved free-software licenses 13: 3859:Python Software Foundation License 3440:, by the Free Software Foundation. 1435: 1256:RealNetworks Public Source License 14: 5099: 3922:Definition of Free Cultural Works 3539:Free software project directories 3449:Debian's license information page 3364: 2169:Landley, Rob (9 September 2006). 1756:. 22 January 1998. Archived from 1576:"Free Software - GPL Enforcement" 1442:Hancock, Terry (29 August 2008). 1046: 784:OSI-approved open-source licenses 624: 4328:Commercial use of copyleft works 4109: 4108: 4098: 3559:Open-source software development 3373: 3314:"Surveying open source licenses" 3290:Sam Varghese (7 February 2012). 2848:"Distinctive Features of SQLite" 2119:. 4 January 2007. Archived from 1949:. opensource.org. Archived from 1549:Rubin, Paul (12 December 1985). 1351: 1333:In June 2016 an analysis of the 1100: 988:Practical problems with licenses 506: 4308:Alternative compensation system 3917:Debian Free Software Guidelines 3749:Free Software Movement of India 3306: 3283: 3261: 3227: 3185:. lists.debian.org/debian-legal 3118: 3099: 3078: 3064: 3050: 3036: 3019: 3005: 2987: 2973: 2955: 2941: 2916: 2902: 2882: 2868: 2854: 2840: 2826: 2805: 2784: 2668: 2624: 2606: 2579: 2562: 2541: 2520: 2499: 2478: 2356: 2329: 2298: 2282:. News.cnet.com. Archived from 2162: 2135: 2117:Computer business review online 2105: 1969: 1935: 1913: 1887: 1874: 1853: 1835: 1809: 1790:. 31 March 1999. Archived from 1776: 1716: 1695:"SourceForge.net: Software Map" 1687: 1641: 1611: 1372:Developer Certificate of Origin 1300: 1279:Debian Free Software Guidelines 1221:Debian Free Software Guidelines 822:, the group that maintains the 4492:Electronic Frontier Foundation 3013:"FreeBSD der unbekannte Riese" 2042:"Torvalds Still Keen On GPLv2" 1697:. Dwheeler.com. Archived from 1590: 1568: 1542: 1521: 1494: 1466: 1408: 1267:GNU Free Documentation License 1243:Controversial borderline cases 1229:GNU Free Documentation License 1073:Asimov's First Law of Robotics 944:, in order to protect against 778: 251:No information is made public 248:; no rights need to be granted 39:Articles on copyleft licensing 1: 4333:Commons-based peer production 4201:Legal aspects of file sharing 3907:Contributor License Agreement 3721:Open-source-software movement 3505:Free and open-source software 3331: 2171:"Re: Move GPLv2 vs v3 fun..." 1816:Kelty, Christpher M. (2008). 1723:Kelty, Christpher M. (2008). 1387:List of free-content licences 1144:Many users and developers of 167: 150:free and open-source software 92:Category:Free and open-source 67:Free and open-source software 4428:Access to Knowledge movement 4078:The Cathedral and the Bazaar 3932:The Free Software Definition 3438:The Free Software Definition 3015:(in German). 30 August 2023. 2458:Anwesha Das (22 June 2016). 2426:Balter, Ben (9 March 2015). 617:(GPL) was published. Version 550: 7: 4959:Software release life cycle 3982:Mozilla software rebranding 3947:Permissive software license 3469:Software Freedom Law Center 2278:Asay, Matt (23 July 2009). 1344: 1252:Apple Public Source License 1192:any usage beside their own 1152:licenses, particularly the 966:Apple Public Source License 887: 759:statistics, the permissive 301:private, internal software 235:Grants use rights, forbids 10: 5104: 5027:Software protection dongle 4907:Unwanted software bundling 3987:Proprietary device drivers 3937:The Open Source Definition 3465:A 45-page licensing primer 3461:, by Andrew M. St. Laurent 3125:Srivastava, Manoj (2006). 2995:"OpenBSD Copyright Policy" 2340:. IT world. Archived from 1415:Wheeler, David A. (2015). 1377:End-user license agreement 1297:software for any purpose. 1265:Also, the FSF recommended 1237:GNU General Public License 1154:GNU General Public License 1012: 933: 891: 862:public-domain-like license 839:GNU General Public License 787: 615:GNU General Public License 543: 539: 5022:Digital rights management 5012: 4957: 4899: 4848: 4756: 4691: 4605: 4554: 4542:Students for Free Culture 4479: 4463: 4456: 4438:Cultural environmentalism 4420: 4395:Prizes instead of patents 4295: 4191:Digital rights management 4163: 4094: 4072:Source-available software 4030: 3972:Digital rights management 3964: 3762: 3739: 3701: 3577: 3511: 2142:corbet (1 October 2006). 2067:2 is where the kernel is. 1681:"Estimating Linux's Size" 1667:zlib/lippng License 0.64% 1489:Software and Internet Law 1210: 1115:toward certain viewpoints 305: 255: 217: 4900:Deceptive and/or illicit 4497:Free Software Foundation 4067:Shared Source Initiative 3864:Shared Source Initiative 3817:Free Software Foundation 3754:Free Software Foundation 3604:Configuration management 3235:FLOSS Manuals Foundation 1402: 1281:when the controversial " 1173:Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 1028:, who provides the more 824:Free Software Definition 820:Free Software Foundation 808:Free Software Definition 743: 584: 5052:Software license server 4628:RiP!: A Remix Manifesto 4338:Electronic sell-through 4233:Monopolies of knowledge 4176:Censorship by copyright 4002:SCO/Linux controversies 2876:"Non-military Use Only" 2767:"CELF 2013 Toybox talk" 1788:Netscape Communications 1417:"The fight for freedom" 860:" and software under a 851:free-software community 639:Netscape Communications 603:GNU Compiler Collection 4728:Freely redistributable 4642:The Internet's Own Boy 4448:Free software movement 4275:software patent debate 4181:Copyright infringement 3902:Comparison of licenses 3711:Free software movement 2226:Denis-Courmont, Rémi. 1847:Open Source Initiative 1448:Free Software Magazine 1320:University of Victoria 1235:setup, along with the 1010: 858:public-domain software 804:Open Source Definition 796:Open Source Initiative 589:In the mid-1980s, the 558:public-domain software 26: 4891:Software as a service 4685:Software distribution 4443:Free-culture movement 4353:Libertarian positions 4348:Free-software license 4313:Anti-copyright notice 4156:Intellectual property 3977:License proliferation 3215:. February–March 2006 1382:License-free software 1015:License compatibility 1000: 993:License compatibility 934:Further information: 667:license compatibility 659:License proliferation 572:licensing of software 306:Other creative works 230:license compatibility 134:free-software license 62:Free-software license 24: 4982:Software maintenance 4856:Digital distribution 4711:Free and open-source 4363:Open-design movement 4062:Open-source hardware 3997:Proprietary software 3992:Proprietary firmware 3693:Formerly open-source 3688:Formerly proprietary 3554:Open-source software 3394:improve this article 3181:(2 September 2003). 1921:Bernstein, Daniel J. 1169:proprietary software 1083:Definition conflicts 800:open-source licenses 688:argued in the essay 663:Free and open-source 607:original BSD license 486:Granularity / reach 296:proprietary software 197:(protective license) 4987:Software maintainer 4769:Commercial software 4757:Compensation models 4303:All rights reversed 4171:Artificial scarcity 3942:Open-source license 3544:Gratis versus libre 3406:footnote references 3249:on 28 February 2008 3106:Braakman, Richard. 2680:"GPL compatibility" 2644:University of Namur 2317:on 4 September 2017 2144:"Busy busy busybox" 1976:Mark (8 May 2008). 1849:. 12 December 2007. 1701:on 13 February 2017 1648:Mark (8 May 2008). 1121:improve the article 1037:permissive licenses 874:Permissive licenses 790:Open-source license 702:open source license 694:Daniel J. Bernstein 684:Around 2004 lawyer 347: 333:, no public license 298:, no public license 244:Traditional use of 207:Proprietary license 174: 57:Open-source license 5047:Software copyright 5037:Product activation 4992:Software publisher 4706:Floating licensing 4621:Good Copy Bad Copy 4567:Alexandra Elbakyan 4471:Copyright Alliance 3243:FLOSS Manuals Blog 2983:. 19 January 2021. 2912:. 8 November 2012. 2371:on 9 December 2016 2344:on 3 December 2013 2286:on 29 October 2013 2204:on 9 November 2016 2123:on 6 February 2007 2044:. internetnews.com 2024:under GPL 'version 1984:on 8 December 2015 1679:David A. Wheeler. 1656:on 8 December 2015 1454:on 25 January 2016 1011: 942:patent retaliation 936:Patent retaliation 930:Patent retaliation 345: 190:Permissive license 172: 79:Higher categories: 27: 5070: 5069: 5062:Torrent poisoning 4977:Long-term support 4801:Pay what you want 4651: 4650: 4550: 4549: 4502:Open Rights Group 4122: 4121: 4022:Trusted Computing 4012:Software security 3960: 3959: 3641:Operating systems 3549:Long-term support 3434: 3433: 3426: 3356:978-0-13-148787-1 3349:. Prentice Hall. 3159:on 9 October 2003 2967:commonsclause.com 2951:. 14 August 2006. 2676:Apache foundation 2394:"Top 20 licenses" 1283:invariant section 1179:have proprietary 1142: 1141: 1065:Douglas Crockford 1026:Apache Foundation 1006:software licenses 882:copyleft licenses 647:Apache foundation 563:Apple v. Franklin 537: 536: 340: 339: 221:Grants all rights 130: 129: 94:software licenses 5095: 5088:Terms of service 4876:Product bundling 4849:Delivery methods 4748:Source-available 4678: 4671: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4582:Richard Stallman 4527:Public Knowledge 4487:Creative Commons 4461: 4460: 4368:Open music model 4149: 4142: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4112: 4111: 4102: 4007:Software patents 3890: 3889: 3802:Creative Commons 3661:Web applications 3498: 3491: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3429: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3377: 3376: 3369: 3360: 3348: 3341:(22 July 2004). 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3239:"License Change" 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3155:. 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Archived from 1412: 1397:Software license 1361: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1225:Artistic License 1137: 1134: 1128: 1104: 1103: 1096: 1022:copyleft license 983: 970:software patents 951: 900:Richard Stallman 806:rather than the 730:VLC media player 675: 620: 612: 512:Trademark grant 460:Proprietization 348: 344: 175: 171: 160:and also binary 146:software license 122: 115: 108: 29: 28: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5057:Software patent 5032:License manager 5014:Copy protection 5008: 4953: 4895: 4881:Retail software 4844: 4818:Open-core model 4774:Retail software 4752: 4687: 4682: 4652: 4647: 4614:Steal This Film 4601: 4577:Lawrence Lessig 4546: 4475: 4452: 4416: 4412:Video on demand 4291: 4186:Copyright troll 4159: 4153: 4123: 4118: 4090: 4057:Open-core model 4032: 4026: 3956: 3894: 3888: 3758: 3735: 3697: 3580: 3573: 3507: 3502: 3430: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3391: 3382:This article's 3378: 3374: 3367: 3357: 3339:Rosen, Lawrence 3334: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3312: 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3366: 3365:External links 3363: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3305: 3282: 3260: 3226: 3213:Debian Project 3200: 3170: 3143: 3117: 3098: 3077: 3063: 3049: 3035: 3027:"terms of use" 3018: 3004: 2986: 2972: 2954: 2940: 2915: 2901: 2881: 2867: 2853: 2839: 2825: 2804: 2783: 2765:Landley, Rob. 2757: 2723: 2696: 2667: 2623: 2620:on 2 May 2013. 2605: 2578: 2561: 2540: 2519: 2498: 2477: 2447: 2415: 2382: 2355: 2328: 2297: 2270: 2234:. videolan.org 2218: 2188: 2161: 2134: 2104: 2071: 2032: 1999: 1968: 1943:Lawrence Rosen 1934: 1912: 1901:. rosenlaw.com 1895:Lawrence Rosen 1886: 1873: 1852: 1834: 1808: 1775: 1741: 1715: 1686: 1671: 1640: 1610: 1598:"GCC Releases" 1589: 1578:. Tech Insider 1567: 1541: 1520: 1493: 1480: 1465: 1434: 1423:on 4 July 2017 1406: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1346: 1343: 1335:Fedora Project 1315:Apache License 1302: 1299: 1244: 1241: 1212: 1209: 1140: 1139: 1108: 1106: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1048: 1047:Purpose of use 1045: 1033:Apache license 1013:Main article: 994: 991: 989: 986: 977: 974: 931: 928: 892:Main article: 889: 886: 846: 843: 815: 812: 788:Main article: 785: 782: 780: 777: 769:Fedora Project 765:Apache license 745: 742: 686:Lawrence Rosen 635:Dot-com bubble 626: 625:1990s to 2000s 623: 586: 583: 552: 549: 541: 538: 535: 534: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 509: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 483: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 429: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 401: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 373: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 338: 337: 334: 328: 323: 318: 313: 307: 303: 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4762: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Public domain 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4667: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606:Documentaries 4604: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4562:Cory Doctorow 4560: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464:Pro-copyright 4462: 4459: 4457:Organizations 4455: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4287:Public domain 4285: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4115: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4085:Revolution OS 4082: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4046:GNU Manifesto 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3952:Public domain 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3741:Organisations 3738: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3636:Office suites 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3534:Free software 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3428: 3425: 3417: 3407: 3403: 3402:inappropriate 3399: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3380: 3371: 3370: 3358: 3352: 3347: 3346: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3315: 3309: 3293: 3286: 3270: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3197: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3128: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3087: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3059: 3053: 3045: 3039: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3014: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2982: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2950: 2944: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2911: 2905: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2885: 2877: 2871: 2863: 2857: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2829: 2814: 2808: 2793: 2787: 2780: 2769:. landley.net 2768: 2761: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2720: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2664: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2550: 2544: 2529: 2523: 2508: 2502: 2487: 2481: 2474: 2461: 2454: 2452: 2444: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2420: 2412: 2399: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2267: 2233: 2222: 2215: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2185: 2172: 2165: 2158: 2145: 2138: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2101: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2076: 2068: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2012: 2006: 2004: 1996: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1883: 1877: 1862: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1831: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1805: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1772: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1719: 1712: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1599: 1593: 1577: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1545: 1530: 1524: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1497: 1490: 1484: 1477: 1475: 1469: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1422: 1418: 1411: 1407: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1392:Public domain 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1287:FLOSS Manuals 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1164:may be used. 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1136: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1109:This section 1107: 1098: 1097: 1089: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1016: 1007: 1004: 999: 985: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 947: 943: 937: 927: 923: 921: 917: 912: 910: 906: 901: 895: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 854: 852: 842: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 791: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 709: 707: 706:Ninth circuit 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 680: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 622: 616: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 582: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 564: 559: 547: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 510: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 484: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 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4083: 4076: 4044: 3927:Free license 3763: 3673:Android apps 3420: 3411: 3396:by removing 3383: 3344: 3318:. Retrieved 3308: 3296:. Retrieved 3294:. Itwire.com 3285: 3273:. Retrieved 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3247:the original 3242: 3229: 3217:. Retrieved 3212: 3203: 3194: 3187:. Retrieved 3179:Bruce Perens 3173: 3161:. Retrieved 3157:the original 3146: 3137: 3132:25 September 3130:. Retrieved 3120: 3112:Debian-legal 3111: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3080: 3066: 3052: 3038: 3030: 3021: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2943: 2931:. Retrieved 2927: 2918: 2904: 2893: 2884: 2870: 2856: 2842: 2828: 2816:. Retrieved 2807: 2795:. Retrieved 2786: 2778: 2771:. Retrieved 2760: 2751: 2744:. Retrieved 2740:the original 2735: 2726: 2717: 2710:. Retrieved 2699: 2690: 2683:. Retrieved 2670: 2662: 2655:. Retrieved 2648:the original 2639: 2626: 2618:the original 2608: 2596:. Retrieved 2592:the original 2581: 2573: 2564: 2552:. Retrieved 2543: 2531:. Retrieved 2522: 2510:. Retrieved 2501: 2489:. Retrieved 2480: 2471: 2464:. Retrieved 2442: 2435:. Retrieved 2409: 2402:. Retrieved 2398:the original 2373:. 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