3498:
1894:
1288:
211:
442:
169:
1959:
3135:
181:
1589:
868:
2820:
201:
2285:
226:
36:
417:
562:. The parties also agreed to a clause allowing for the repurchase of the lands by the Duke or his heirs, but only if they were buying back the property for themselves and not for a third party. Lübeck considered this acquisition to be crucially important since Mölln was an important staging post in the trade (especially the salt trade) between Scandinavia and the cities of
752:
Lübeck and Eric III further stipulated that once Eric had died, Lübeck would be entitled to take possession of the pledged territories until his successors could repay the debt and simultaneously exercise the repurchase of Mölln. By this stage the sum involved was calculated as 26,000 Lübeck Marks,
787:
on 23 August 1420, which stipulated that all the pawned territories, which Eric IV, Eric V and John IV had violently taken in 1401, were to be ceded irrevocably to the cities of
Hamburg and Lübeck. The cities transformed the gained areas into the
530:
was the constitution of the city's municipal form of government developed after being made a free city. In theory, Lübeck law made the cities which had adopted it independent of royalty. In the 14th century, Lübeck became the "Queen of the
990:
had a personal dislike for Lübeck after it refused to allow him to campaign there in 1932), the 711-year-long statehood of Lübeck came to an end on 1 April 1937 and almost all its territory was incorporated into
Schleswig-Holstein.
799:
The
Hanseatic League, under Lübeck's leadership, fought several wars against Denmark with varying degrees of success. Whilst Lübeck and the Hanseatic League won in 1435 and 1512, Lübeck lost when it became involved in the
474:
1860:
3731:
53:
1250:
2780:
3682:
2219:
962:", formally abolishing all the state parliaments and transferring the sovereignty of the states to the central government. With this action, the Lübeck popular assembly, the
3736:
2250:
920:
3569:
3497:
100:
1890:
72:
3387:
812:, but with the devastation of the war and the new transatlantic orientation of European trade, the Hanseatic League, and thus Lübeck, lost importance. After the
2773:
3014:
79:
784:
1280:
210:
86:
1031:
3751:
2766:
1958:
894:, which was also a sovereign state of the North German Confederation. In 1871, Lübeck became an autonomous component state within the newly founded
2243:
768:(later John IV), captured the pawned lands without making the agreed repayment and before Lübeck could take possession of them. Lübeck acquiesced.
948:
68:
906:
as a constituent state. Its status was weakened during this time by the
Republic's enforcement of its right to determine state and Reich taxes.
1272:
1882:
779:. The armies of both cities opened a second front and conquered Bergedorf, Riepenburg castle and the Esslingen river toll station (today's
3746:
3380:
2236:
1131:
Städtische
Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
3007:
585:
from Duke Eric III, who had meanwhile succeeded his late brother Albert V. This acquisition included much of the trade route between
1231:
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2789:
1948:
293:
93:
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959:
867:
17:
3073:
1201:
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3000:
2184:
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3166:
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2371:
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1849:
772:
3471:
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1133:, Lübeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (Historische Studien; 406), p. 88, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
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225:
1010:. Prussia was dissolved as a state by the occupying Allied forces after the war. However, Lübeck was not restored to
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and Lübeck, thus providing a safe freight route between the cities. Eric III retained a life tenancy of these lands.
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2819:
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1928:
1918:
978:, whereby the nearby Hanseatic City of Hamburg was expanded to include towns that had formerly belonged to the
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435:
57:
1980:
168:
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1943:
1419:
1258:
180:
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1933:
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1314:
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816:
disbandment of the
Hanseatic League in 1669, Lübeck remained an important trading town on the Baltic Sea.
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3023:
2930:
2632:
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2000:
1868:
983:
833:
796:), ruled by bailiffs for four-year terms. The bailiffs were to come from each of the cities alternately.
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1995:
3595:
3587:
3431:
3245:
2922:
2758:
2619:
2061:
1938:
887:
841:
808:. After its defeat in the Count's Feud, Lübeck's power slowly declined. Lübeck remained neutral in the
253:
3618:
3271:
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2701:
1990:
1534:
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via Lübeck. Therefore, Lübeck manned Mölln with armed guards to maintain law and order on the roads.
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2010:
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in 1867. The following year Lübeck sold its share in the bi-urban condominium of
Bergedorf to the
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2228:
1196:. Vol. 1 (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm Hüttmann). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 485.
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535:", and at that time, the largest and most powerful member of this medieval trade organization.
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8:
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2017:
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243:
1409:
953:
855:, trade suffered, and from 1811 to 1813, Lübeck was formally annexed as part of the
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2434:
1843:
1379:
1151:
G.Lechner, Die
Hansischen Pfundzollisten des Jahres 1368 (1935), pp.48, 53, 66, 198
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1178:
Hamburg integrated the area into its state territory, making up most of its today
1079:
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reconfirmed Lübeck's independence and it became one of 39 sovereign states of the
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In 1370, Lübeck further acquired—by way of collateral for a loan—the
Lordship of
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1194:
Gauleiter: The
Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
1074:
872:
551:
1359:
804:, a civil war that raged in Denmark from 1534 to 1536. Lübeck also joined the
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1975:
1910:
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895:
258:
216:
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1529:
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In 1401, Eric III died without issue and was succeeded by his second cousin
527:
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1754:
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966:, was dissolved and Lübeck effectively lost its rights as a federal state.
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559:
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1814:
1679:
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1519:
1479:
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939:
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1837:
1764:
913:, Lübeck, like all other German states, was subjected to the process of
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200:
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1344:
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to strike down an attempt to restore Lübeck's statehood by referendum.
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later occupied all territory to the east of the city, as agreed by the
593:
Movement of 680 ships entered/left port, 18 March 1368 – 10 March 1369
582:
486:
958:. Additionally, on 30 January 1934, the Reich government enacted the "
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35:
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1967:
1659:
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2731:
1809:
1739:
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1704:
1674:
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1389:
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933:(Reich Governor) of Lübeck on 26 May 1933. Hildebrandt installed
891:
586:
490:
460:
1030:, was a key factor in this development. In 1956, in a so-called
3461:
3049:
2094:
1804:
1694:
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1524:
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in 1803 and became a sovereign state at the dissolution of the
3732:
Former states and territories of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
509:
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3186:
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1769:
1709:
1699:
1619:
1319:
986:. To compensate Prussia for these losses (and partly because
862:
3022:
1789:
1714:
921:
Second Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich
775:
and Lübeck gained Hamburg for a war alliance in support of
554:. The City and Duke—with the consent of the Duke's brother
969:
878:
Lübeck reassumed its pre-1811 status in 1813. The 1815
919:(coordination). Subsequent to the enactment of the "
824:
Lübeck remained a Free Imperial City even after the
3737:
Former states and territories of Schleswig-Holstein
783:) within weeks. This forced Eric V to agree to the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1610:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792
1014:. Instead, the city was incorporated into the new
760:. In the same year Eric IV, supported by his sons
294:Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Lübeck
69:"History of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck"
898:. After the collapse of the empire following the
3713:
844:occupied neutral Lübeck after a battle against
230:Territory of the Free City of Lübeck, 1815–1937
215:Location of the Free City of Lübeck within the
3381:
3008:
2774:
2244:
1876:
1266:
3350:
3341:
1192:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012).
1191:
139:
510:Imperial Free City and the Hanseatic League
3388:
3374:
3015:
3001:
2781:
2767:
2251:
2237:
1883:
1869:
1273:
1259:
1112:, a city-state annexed by Prussia in 1866.
1026:, which cut off the city from much of its
863:Reestablishment as sovereign state in 1813
753:an enormous amount of money at that time.
224:
209:
1061:(1646–1723), German-British court painter
758:Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3752:States of the North German Confederation
2790:States of the North German Confederation
866:
1232:Lübeck: The town that said no to Hitler
14:
3714:
960:Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich
558:—agreed on a price of 9,737.50 Lübeck
548:Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln
489:from 1226 to 1937, in what is now the
3369:
2996:
2762:
2232:
1864:
1604:
1303:
1254:
1217:"Reich Takes Over Rights of States".
970:Incorporation into Schleswig-Holstein
927:was appointed to the new position of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
773:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
24:
3747:States of the German Confederation
2260:States of the German Confederation
892:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
871:Flag and view of Lübeck on a 1909
25:
3788:
1052:
819:
550:, a branch of the ducal house of
538:In 1359, Lübeck bought the ducal
470:Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
357:• Regained sovereignty under
136:Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
27:City-state in Germany (1226–1937)
3496:
3133:
2818:
2283:
1957:
1892:
1587:
1286:
440:
415:
199:
179:
167:
34:
3767:Members of the Hanseatic League
764:(later reigning as Eric V) and
45:needs additional citations for
2610:Reuß-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
1225:
1210:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1123:
1089:(1913–1992), German politician
974:In 1937, the Nazis passed the
943:, displacing the duly-elected
436:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
13:
1:
3762:States of the Weimar Republic
3397:States of the Weimar Republic
1221:. 31 January 1934. p. 1.
1160:Elisabeth Raiser, pp. 90 seq.
1116:
1594:Free Imperial Cities by 1792
1067:(1875–1955), German author,
1043:Federal Constitutional Court
7:
3757:States of the German Empire
3024:States of the German Empire
1848:Member or associate of the
1304:
1093:
1022:. Lübeck's position on the
994:Lübeck was occupied by the
834:War of the Fourth Coalition
483:Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck
141:Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck
10:
3793:
1105:Timeline of Lübeck history
888:North German Confederation
794:condominium of both cities
577:, the Vierlande, half the
504:
254:North German Confederation
3631:
3604:
3586:
3540:
3533:
3505:
3494:
3404:
3329:
3313:
3285:
3272:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
3231:
3185:
3142:
3131:
3031:
2962:
2949:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
2908:
2865:
2827:
2816:
2797:
2745:
2714:
2687:
2654:
2580:
2547:
2540:
2478:
2433:
2397:
2390:
2344:
2328:
2292:
2281:
2267:
2185:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2123:
2080:
1966:
1955:
1909:
1832:
1615:
1600:
1585:
1310:
1299:
1244:; retrieved 28 June 2010.
1169:Elisabeth Raiser, p. 137.
1069:Nobel Prize in Literature
1045:upheld a decision by the
771:In 1420, Eric V attacked
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394:
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373:
355:
342:
321:
317:
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289:
279:
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235:
223:
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193:
163:
156:
134:
3079:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
1142:Elisabeth Raiser, p. 90.
790:Beiderstädtischer Besitz
378:
360:
329:
2220:Unencircled territories
1981:Brunswick and Lunenburg
998:in the closing days of
935:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
375:• Abolished by the
280:Official languages
3351:
3342:
3337:German colonial empire
3267:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2944:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2011:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1110:Free City of Frankfurt
875:
499:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
482:
140:
3698:53.86972°N 10.68639°E
925:Friedrich Hildebrandt
911:Nazi seizure of power
870:
621:Mecklenburg-Pomerania
518:declared the city of
3742:Free imperial cities
3447:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3442:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3314:Imperial Territories
3167:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3162:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3083:Starostwo of Draheim
2847:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2842:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2372:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2367:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1550:Weißenburg in Bayern
1282:Free imperial cities
1180:Borough of Bergedorf
902:, Lübeck joined the
886:. Lübeck joined the
884:German Confederation
848:on 6 November 1806.
832:in 1806. During the
826:German Mediatisation
333:Emperor Frederick II
249:German Confederation
195:Lesser coat of arms:
54:improve this article
3777:Free City of Lübeck
3694: /
3277:Waldeck and Pyrmont
2954:Waldeck and Pyrmont
2572:Waldeck and Pyrmont
2196:Circles est. 1512:
2171:Circles est. 1500:
1901:(1500–1806) of the
1815:Weißenburg in Elsaß
1241:The Daily Telegraph
1024:inner German border
976:Greater Hamburg Act
923:" on 7 April 1933,
857:First French Empire
806:Schmalkaldic League
781:Zollenspieker Ferry
604:Origin, destination
594:
581:(Saxon Forest) and
381:Greater Hamburg Act
18:Free City of Lübeck
3703:53.86972; 10.68639
3101:Schleswig-Holstein
2217:
2213:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
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1899:Lower Saxon Circle
1608:imperial immediacy
1129:Elisabeth Raiser,
1047:federal government
1020:Schleswig-Holstein
984:Schleswig-Holstein
880:Congress of Vienna
876:
853:Continental System
785:Peace of Perleberg
592:
546:from the indebted
524:Free Imperial City
495:Schleswig-Holstein
363:Congress of Vienna
344:• Annexed by
325:Imperial immediacy
240:Free imperial city
3727:History of Lübeck
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2480:Ernestine duchies
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2225:
2210:Electoral Rhenish
1903:Holy Roman Empire
1858:
1857:
1850:Swiss Confederacy
1828:
1827:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1293:Holy Roman Empire
1203:978-1-932-97021-0
980:Prussian province
930:Reichsstatthalter
830:Holy Roman Empire
810:Thirty Years' War
750:
749:
514:In 1226, Emperor
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244:Holy Roman Empire
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16:(Redirected from
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3467:Schaumburg-Lippe
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3262:Schaumburg-Lippe
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1961:
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1861:
1844:Hanseatic League
1602:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1510:Schwäbisch Gmünd
1301:
1300:
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1083:in the Waffen-SS
1041:the West German
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533:Hanseatic League
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3529:
3501:
3492:
3482:
3474:
3400:
3394:
3364:
3359:
3325:
3321:Alsace–Lorraine
3309:
3281:
3255:
3247:
3227:
3217:
3181:
3177:Weimar-Eisenach
3157:Hesse-Darmstadt
3138:
3129:
3081:and the former
3077:(including the
3076:
3047:
3027:
3021:
2991:
2986:
2958:
2904:
2861:
2857:Weimar-Eisenach
2837:Hesse-Darmstadt
2823:
2814:
2793:
2787:
2757:
2752:
2741:
2706:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2590:Reuss-Ebersdorf
2576:
2532:
2522:
2514:
2512:Gotha-Altenburg
2506:
2498:
2496:Coburg-Saalfeld
2490:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2429:
2414:
2386:
2382:Weimar-Eisenach
2357:Hesse-Darmstadt
2340:
2324:
2288:
2279:
2263:
2257:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2076:
1962:
1953:
1905:
1891:
1889:
1859:
1854:
1824:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1515:Schwäbisch Hall
1306:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1249:
1248:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1096:
1059:Godfrey Kneller
1055:
1034:
1032:Lübeck decision
972:
951:
945:Social Democrat
916:Gleichschaltung
904:Weimar Republic
900:First World War
865:
840:, troops under
822:
512:
507:
473:
441:
416:
383:
377:
376:
368:
365:
359:
358:
348:
335:
328:
327:
264:Weimar Republic
261:
256:
251:
246:
231:
219:
204:
197:
189:
188:
187:
184:
176:
175:
172:
158:
152:
145:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3233:Principalities
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2910:Principalities
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2630:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2541:Principalities
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:Hildburghausen
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2072:Saxe-Lauenburg
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1911:Ecclesiastical
1907:
1906:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1842:Member of the
1840:
1836:Member of the
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1224:
1219:New York Times
1209:
1202:
1184:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1075:Wilhelm Mohnke
1072:
1062:
1054:
1053:Notable people
1051:
971:
968:
873:cigarette card
864:
861:
821:
820:Napoleonic era
818:
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
552:Saxe-Lauenburg
511:
508:
506:
503:
464:
463:
458:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
438:
429:
426:
425:
420:
408:
407:
402:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
374:
371:
370:
366:
356:
353:
352:
349:
343:
340:
339:
336:
323:• Gained
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
252:Member of the
247:Member of the
237:
233:
232:
229:
221:
220:
214:
206:
205:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
173:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
154:
153:
138:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3789:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3620:
3619:Sondershausen
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3248:(Junior Line)
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3144:Grand Duchies
3141:
3136:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:(Junior Line)
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2829:Grand Duchies
2826:
2821:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2702:Sondershausen
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2675:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2642:
2641:Reuss-Schleiz
2639:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2622:(Junior Line)
2618:
2611:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:Liechtenstein
2555:
2553:
2552:Hesse-Homburg
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:Grand duchies
2343:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:(Lower) Saxon
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:Upper Rhenish
2178:
2174:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
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1080:Brigadeführer
1077:(1911–2001),
1076:
1073:
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1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1048:
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1038:
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1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:federal state
1013:
1009:
1008:Allied powers
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
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965:
961:
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950:
946:
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940:Bürgermeister
936:
932:
931:
926:
922:
918:
917:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:German Empire
893:
889:
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869:
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854:
849:
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843:
839:
835:
831:
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457:Today part of
455:
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398:
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385:
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372:
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341:
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308:
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298:
295:
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288:
285:
282:
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262:State of the
260:
259:German Empire
257:State of the
255:
250:
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227:
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217:German Empire
212:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3679:
3632:Unrecognized
3578:(until 1920)
3524:
3483:(until 1929)
3353:Mitteleuropa
3344:Mittelafrika
3304:
3256:(Elder Line)
3254:Reuss-Greiz
3218:(until 1876)
3210:Coburg-Gotha
3113:West Prussia
3070:Hohenzollern
3066:Hesse-Nassau
3058:East Prussia
2981:
2933:(Elder Line)
2931:Reuss-Greiz
2890:Coburg-Gotha
2736:
2678:(until 1850)
2668:(until 1850)
2656:Hohenzollern
2645:(until 1848)
2635:(Elder Line)
2633:Reuss-Greiz
2604:(until 1824)
2594:(until 1824)
2523:(until 1826)
2515:(until 1826)
2504:Coburg-Gotha
2499:(until 1826)
2470:(until 1847)
2462:(until 1863)
2454:(until 1863)
2336:Hesse-Kassel
2192:
2170:
2169:until 1734.
1765:Schlettstadt
1760:Schmalkalden
1755:Schaffhausen
1730:Pfeddersheim
1645:Diessenhofen
1239:
1236:Simon Heffer
1227:
1218:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1087:Willy Brandt
1078:
1000:World War II
996:British Army
993:
988:Adolf Hitler
973:
964:Bürgerschaft
963:
938:
928:
914:
908:
877:
850:
823:
813:
802:Count's Feud
798:
770:
755:
751:
572:
537:
516:Frederick II
513:
469:
467:
405:Succeeded by
404:
399:
386:1 April 1937
194:
186:Coat of arms
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3772:City-states
3701: /
3669:Würzburg SR
3644:Bavarian SR
3606:Schwarzburg
3507:City-states
3488:Württemberg
3475:(from 1920)
3399:(1919–1933)
3287:City-states
3246:Reuss-Gera
3125:Württemberg
3054:Brandenburg
3046:as a whole
3026:(1871–1918)
2964:City-states
2923:Reuss-Gera
2792:(1866–1871)
2715:Free cities
2689:Schwarzburg
2674:Sigmaringen
2627:(from 1848)
2620:Reuss-Gera
2614:(1824-1848)
2507:(from 1826)
2491:(from 1826)
2446:(from 1863)
2415:(from 1839)
2329:Electorates
2320:Württemberg
2262:(1815–1866)
2206:Upper Saxon
2161:until 1695.
2157:until 1640.
2153:until 1773.
2145:until 1596.
2141:until 1705.
2137:until 1731.
2129:until 1701.
2125:until 1648.
2040:Mecklenburg
2001:Grubenhagen
1986:Blankenburg
1924:Halberstadt
1735:Rheinfelden
1680:Kaysersberg
1520:Schweinfurt
1480:Pfullendorf
1360:Dinkelsbühl
1065:Thomas Mann
1035: [
952: [
949:Paul Löwigt
777:Brandenburg
579:Sachsenwald
400:Preceded by
3716:Categories
3689:10°41′11″E
3686:53°52′11″N
3654:Bottleneck
3635:separatist
3614:Rudolstadt
3570:Saxe-Gotha
3534:Until 1920
3109:Westphalia
2697:Rudolstadt
2362:Luxembourg
2202:Burgundian
2189:Franconian
2165:from 1701.
2149:from 1708.
2133:from 1648.
2115:Nordhausen
2110:Mühlhausen
2067:Regenstein
2023:Glückstadt
1929:Hildesheim
1750:Sarrebourg
1745:St. Gallen
1665:Gelnhausen
1650:Donauwörth
1530:Überlingen
1500:Rothenburg
1495:Reutlingen
1490:Regensburg
1485:Ravensburg
1465:Nördlingen
1460:Nordhausen
1450:Mühlhausen
1415:Kaufbeuren
1385:Gengenbach
1117:References
1028:hinterland
909:After the
851:Under the
842:Bernadotte
607:Departures
583:Geesthacht
540:Herrschaft
528:Lübeck law
493:states of
487:city-state
300:Government
80:newspapers
3649:Bremen SR
3637:movements
3565:Meiningen
3550:Altenburg
3472:Thuringia
3452:Oldenburg
3427:Brunswick
3223:Meiningen
3215:Lauenburg
3205:Altenburg
3200:Brunswick
3172:Oldenburg
3093:Rhineland
3074:Pomerania
2900:Meiningen
2895:Lauenburg
2885:Altenburg
2880:Brunswick
2852:Oldenburg
2749:partially
2727:Frankfurt
2664:Hechingen
2528:Meiningen
2488:Altenburg
2425:Lauenburg
2402:Brunswick
2377:Oldenburg
2033:Pinneberg
1991:Calenberg
1944:Ratzeburg
1939:Magdeburg
1795:Turckheim
1785:Straßburg
1780:Solothurn
1565:Windsheim
1475:Offenburg
1470:Nuremberg
1455:Mülhausen
1445:Memmingen
1430:Leutkirch
1425:Kessenich
1405:Heilbronn
1380:Friedberg
1375:Frankfurt
1335:Bopfingen
1012:statehood
575:Bergedorf
568:Lunenburg
564:Brunswick
475:‹See Tfd›
290:Religion
159:1815–1937
157:1226–1811
3032:Kingdoms
2798:Kingdoms
2451:Bernburg
2407:Holstein
2293:Kingdoms
2198:Austrian
2173:Bavarian
2055:Strelitz
2050:Schwerin
2018:Holstein
1949:Schwerin
1838:Décapole
1690:Konstanz
1655:Duisburg
1630:Besançon
1505:Rottweil
1370:Eßlingen
1365:Dortmund
1350:Buchhorn
1330:Biberach
1325:Augsburg
1094:See also
1071:laureate
1004:Red Army
838:Napoleon
836:against
814:de facto
740:Flanders
598:Arrivals
522:to be a
485:) was a
423:Holstein
304:Republic
110:May 2010
3664:Rhenish
3659:Bavaria
3520:Hamburg
3480:Waldeck
3457:Prussia
3422:Bavaria
3300:Hamburg
3187:Duchies
3105:Silesia
3062:Hanover
3044:Prussia
3039:Bavaria
2977:Hamburg
2867:Duchies
2805:Prussia
2732:Hamburg
2412:Limburg
2391:Duchies
2315:Hanover
2305:Bavaria
2300:Prussia
2275:Austria
2268:Empires
2177:Swabian
2100:Hamburg
2062:Rantzau
2045:Güstrow
2028:Gottorp
2006:Hanover
1968:Secular
1810:Warburg
1740:Rosheim
1725:Obernai
1720:Munster
1705:Lucerne
1675:Herford
1670:Hagenau
1640:Cambrai
1560:Wimpfen
1555:Wetzlar
1420:Kempten
1400:Hamburg
1390:Giengen
1355:Cologne
1305:By 1792
1284:of the
937:as the
846:Blücher
706:Fehmarn
689:Livonia
655:Prussia
587:Hamburg
505:History
461:Germany
310:History
270:Capital
242:of the
94:scholar
3722:Lübeck
3555:Coburg
3542:Ernest
3525:Lübeck
3515:Bremen
3462:Saxony
3412:Anhalt
3405:States
3305:Lübeck
3295:Bremen
3195:Anhalt
3120:Saxony
3097:Saxony
3050:Berlin
2982:Lübeck
2972:Bremen
2875:Anhalt
2810:Saxony
2737:Lübeck
2722:Bremen
2467:Köthen
2459:Dessau
2443:Anhalt
2420:Nassau
2310:Saxony
2105:Lübeck
2095:Goslar
2090:Bremen
2082:Cities
1976:Bremen
1934:Lübeck
1919:Bremen
1820:Zürich
1805:Verdun
1800:Verden
1695:Landau
1685:Kolmar
1635:Brakel
1540:Wangen
1525:Speyer
1440:Lübeck
1435:Lindau
1395:Goslar
1345:Buchau
1340:Bremen
1315:Aachen
1200:
1100:Lübeck
1002:. The
723:Bergen
672:Sweden
638:Skania
520:Lübeck
491:German
479:German
313:
284:German
274:Lübeck
236:Status
148:German
144:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3596:Reuss
3588:Reuss
3560:Gotha
3437:Lippe
3432:Hesse
3417:Baden
3330:Other
3241:Lippe
3152:Baden
3089:Posen
2918:Lippe
2582:Reuss
2562:Lippe
2352:Baden
1996:Celle
1775:Soest
1770:Seltz
1710:Mainz
1700:Lemgo
1660:Düren
1620:Basel
1606:Lost
1570:Worms
1320:Aalen
1039:]
956:]
661:20.1
644:22.8
627:42.3
560:marks
544:Mölln
331:from
101:JSTOR
87:books
1790:Toul
1715:Metz
1625:Bern
1575:Zell
1545:Weil
1410:Isny
1198:ISBN
766:John
762:Eric
746:0.1
695:4.7
669:11.2
652:16.8
635:26.8
618:33.7
566:and
556:Eric
497:and
468:The
369:1815
351:1811
338:1226
174:Flag
73:news
1535:Ulm
1018:of
982:of
737:0.4
720:1.6
703:3.2
686:4.3
658:183
649:145
641:207
632:250
624:386
615:289
542:of
56:by
3718::
3111:,
3107:,
3103:,
3099:,
3095:,
3091:,
3087:,
3072:,
3068:,
3064:,
3060:,
3056:,
3052:,
2215:·
2208:,
2204:,
2200:,
2191:,
2187:,
2183:,
2179:,
2175:,
1238:,
1234:,
1037:de
954:de
947:,
859:.
729:-
717:12
712:3
709:27
700:28
692:43
683:35
678:7
675:64
666:96
610:%
526:.
501:.
481::
3389:e
3382:t
3375:v
3115:)
3085:)
3048:(
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2782:e
2775:t
2768:v
2252:e
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1870:v
1274:e
1267:t
1260:v
1206:.
1182:.
792:(
743:1
734:3
726:-
601:%
472:(
150:)
146:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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