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History of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck

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3498: 1894: 1288: 211: 442: 169: 1959: 3135: 181: 1589: 868: 2820: 201: 2285: 226: 36: 417: 562:. The parties also agreed to a clause allowing for the repurchase of the lands by the Duke or his heirs, but only if they were buying back the property for themselves and not for a third party. Lübeck considered this acquisition to be crucially important since Mölln was an important staging post in the trade (especially the salt trade) between Scandinavia and the cities of 752:
Lübeck and Eric III further stipulated that once Eric had died, Lübeck would be entitled to take possession of the pledged territories until his successors could repay the debt and simultaneously exercise the repurchase of Mölln. By this stage the sum involved was calculated as 26,000 Lübeck Marks,
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on 23 August 1420, which stipulated that all the pawned territories, which Eric IV, Eric V and John IV had violently taken in 1401, were to be ceded irrevocably to the cities of Hamburg and Lübeck. The cities transformed the gained areas into the
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was the constitution of the city's municipal form of government developed after being made a free city. In theory, Lübeck law made the cities which had adopted it independent of royalty. In the 14th century, Lübeck became the "Queen of the
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had a personal dislike for Lübeck after it refused to allow him to campaign there in 1932), the 711-year-long statehood of Lübeck came to an end on 1 April 1937 and almost all its territory was incorporated into Schleswig-Holstein.
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The Hanseatic League, under Lübeck's leadership, fought several wars against Denmark with varying degrees of success. Whilst Lübeck and the Hanseatic League won in 1435 and 1512, Lübeck lost when it became involved in the
474: 1860: 3731: 53: 1250: 2780: 3682: 2219: 962:", formally abolishing all the state parliaments and transferring the sovereignty of the states to the central government. With this action, the Lübeck popular assembly, the 3736: 2250: 920: 3569: 3497: 100: 1890: 72: 3387: 812:, but with the devastation of the war and the new transatlantic orientation of European trade, the Hanseatic League, and thus Lübeck, lost importance. After the 2773: 3014: 79: 784: 1280: 210: 86: 1031: 3751: 2766: 1958: 894:, which was also a sovereign state of the North German Confederation. In 1871, Lübeck became an autonomous component state within the newly founded 2243: 768:(later John IV), captured the pawned lands without making the agreed repayment and before Lübeck could take possession of them. Lübeck acquiesced. 948: 68: 906:
as a constituent state. Its status was weakened during this time by the Republic's enforcement of its right to determine state and Reich taxes.
1272: 1882: 779:. The armies of both cities opened a second front and conquered Bergedorf, Riepenburg castle and the Esslingen river toll station (today's 3746: 3380: 2236: 1131:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
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from Duke Eric III, who had meanwhile succeeded his late brother Albert V. This acquisition included much of the trade route between
1231: 3766: 2789: 1948: 293: 93: 3487: 3761: 3373: 959: 867: 17: 3073: 1201: 3756: 3000: 2184: 3276: 3166: 3161: 2953: 2846: 2841: 2371: 2366: 1849: 772: 3471: 3446: 3441: 2259: 1265: 1133:, Lübeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (Historische Studien; 406), p. 88, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969. 944: 225: 1010:. Prussia was dissolved as a state by the occupying Allied forces after the war. However, Lübeck was not restored to 589:
and Lübeck, thus providing a safe freight route between the cities. Eric III retained a life tenancy of these lands.
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disbandment of the Hanseatic League in 1669, Lübeck remained an important trading town on the Baltic Sea.
3253: 3023: 2930: 2632: 2284: 2000: 1868: 983: 833: 796:), ruled by bailiffs for four-year terms. The bailiffs were to come from each of the cities alternately. 3668: 3078: 1995: 3595: 3587: 3431: 3245: 2922: 2758: 2619: 2061: 1938: 887: 841: 808:. After its defeat in the Count's Feud, Lübeck's power slowly declined. Lübeck remained neutral in the 253: 3618: 3271: 2948: 2701: 1990: 1534: 1068: 776: 570:
via Lübeck. Therefore, Lübeck manned Mölln with armed guards to maintain law and order on the roads.
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in 1867. The following year Lübeck sold its share in the bi-urban condominium of Bergedorf to the
3451: 3426: 3053: 2228: 1196:. Vol. 1 (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm Hüttmann). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 485. 934: 46: 1549: 789: 3648: 3613: 3336: 3266: 3108: 2943: 2726: 2696: 2663: 1374: 1109: 1007: 539: 535:", and at that time, the largest and most powerful member of this medieval trade organization. 498: 2104: 2044: 2022: 1605: 1439: 1429: 1329: 3456: 3240: 3209: 2917: 2889: 2655: 2561: 2503: 2114: 2005: 1985: 1509: 1459: 924: 910: 3365: 3771: 3605: 3574: 3554: 3411: 3176: 3156: 3151: 3082: 2856: 2836: 2688: 2511: 2495: 2381: 2356: 2351: 2180: 2099: 2066: 2039: 1734: 979: 883: 825: 809: 248: 2992: 1819: 1011: 8: 3559: 3436: 3320: 3104: 3061: 2519: 2335: 2089: 1799: 1574: 1369: 1240: 1023: 975: 856: 805: 780: 574: 380: 345: 1539: 1036: 3199: 3096: 3043: 3038: 2879: 2804: 2401: 2314: 2304: 2299: 2205: 2081: 2032: 1898: 1719: 1607: 1281: 1046: 1019: 879: 852: 523: 494: 362: 324: 239: 3721: 1514: 3541: 3416: 3119: 3088: 2809: 2479: 2406: 2309: 2201: 2188: 2017: 1902: 1893: 1292: 1287: 1197: 1015: 929: 829: 243: 1409: 953: 855:, trade suffered, and from 1811 to 1813, Lübeck was formally annexed as part of the 3663: 2599: 2434: 1843: 1379: 1151:
G.Lechner, Die Hansischen Pfundzollisten des Jahres 1368 (1935), pp.48, 53, 66, 198
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Hamburg integrated the area into its state territory, making up most of its today
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reconfirmed Lübeck's independence and it became one of 39 sovereign states of the
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In 1370, Lübeck further acquired—by way of collateral for a loan—the Lordship of
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
1074: 872: 551: 1359: 804:, a civil war that raged in Denmark from 1534 to 1536. Lübeck also joined the 3715: 3697: 3684: 2640: 2556: 2551: 2458: 1975: 1910: 1564: 895: 258: 216: 2109: 1649: 1588: 1529: 1464: 1449: 756:
In 1401, Eric III died without issue and was succeeded by his second cousin
527: 3352: 3343: 3232: 3112: 3057: 2909: 1759: 1754: 1729: 1644: 1235: 1086: 999: 995: 987: 966:, was dissolved and Lübeck effectively lost its rights as a federal state. 563: 559: 3143: 2828: 1814: 1679: 1559: 1519: 1479: 1064: 939: 578: 2788: 1837: 1764: 913:, Lübeck, like all other German states, was subjected to the process of 567: 200: 3634: 3506: 3286: 2963: 2361: 1784: 1749: 1744: 1664: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1414: 1384: 1344: 1049:
to strike down an attempt to restore Lübeck's statehood by referendum.
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later occupied all territory to the east of the city, as agreed by the
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Movement of 680 ships entered/left port, 18 March 1368 – 10 March 1369
582: 486: 958:. Additionally, on 30 January 1934, the Reich government enacted the " 1794: 1779: 1474: 1444: 1424: 1404: 1334: 1179: 1099: 519: 273: 35: 1689: 1669: 1654: 1504: 1454: 1364: 1324: 1003: 837: 422: 303: 2258: 1967: 1659: 543: 3519: 3421: 3299: 2976: 2731: 1809: 1739: 1724: 1704: 1674: 1639: 1554: 1399: 1389: 1354: 933:(Reich Governor) of Lübeck on 26 May 1933. Hildebrandt installed 891: 586: 490: 460: 1030:, was a key factor in this development. In 1956, in a so-called 3461: 3049: 2094: 1804: 1694: 1684: 1524: 1434: 1394: 828:
in 1803 and became a sovereign state at the dissolution of the
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Former states and territories of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
509: 3395: 3186: 2866: 1769: 1709: 1699: 1619: 1319: 986:. To compensate Prussia for these losses (and partly because 862: 3022: 1789: 1714: 921:
Second Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich
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and Lübeck gained Hamburg for a war alliance in support of
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Lübeck reassumed its pre-1811 status in 1813. The 1815
919:(coordination). Subsequent to the enactment of the " 824:
Lübeck remained a Free Imperial City even after the
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Former states and territories of Schleswig-Holstein
783:) within weeks. This forced Eric V to agree to the 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1610:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792 1014:. Instead, the city was incorporated into the new 760:. In the same year Eric IV, supported by his sons 294:Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Lübeck 69:"History of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck" 898:. After the collapse of the empire following the 3713: 844:occupied neutral Lübeck after a battle against 230:Territory of the Free City of Lübeck, 1815–1937 215:Location of the Free City of Lübeck within the 3381: 3008: 2774: 2244: 1876: 1266: 3350: 3341: 1192:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012). 1191: 139: 510:Imperial Free City and the Hanseatic League 3388: 3374: 3015: 3001: 2781: 2767: 2251: 2237: 1883: 1869: 1273: 1259: 1112:, a city-state annexed by Prussia in 1866. 1026:, which cut off the city from much of its 863:Reestablishment as sovereign state in 1813 753:an enormous amount of money at that time. 224: 209: 1061:(1646–1723), German-British court painter 758:Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3752:States of the North German Confederation 2790:States of the North German Confederation 866: 1232:Lübeck: The town that said no to Hitler 14: 3714: 960:Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich 558:—agreed on a price of 9,737.50 Lübeck 548:Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln 489:from 1226 to 1937, in what is now the 3369: 2996: 2762: 2232: 1864: 1604: 1303: 1254: 1217:"Reich Takes Over Rights of States". 970:Incorporation into Schleswig-Holstein 927:was appointed to the new position of 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 773:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg 24: 3747:States of the German Confederation 2260:States of the German Confederation 892:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg 871:Flag and view of Lübeck on a 1909 25: 3788: 1052: 819: 550:, a branch of the ducal house of 538:In 1359, Lübeck bought the ducal 470:Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck 357:• Regained sovereignty under 136:Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck 27:City-state in Germany (1226–1937) 3496: 3133: 2818: 2283: 1957: 1892: 1587: 1286: 440: 415: 199: 179: 167: 34: 3767:Members of the Hanseatic League 764:(later reigning as Eric V) and 45:needs additional citations for 2610:Reuß-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf 1225: 1210: 1185: 1172: 1163: 1154: 1145: 1136: 1123: 1089:(1913–1992), German politician 974:In 1937, the Nazis passed the 943:, displacing the duly-elected 436:Province of Schleswig-Holstein 13: 1: 3762:States of the Weimar Republic 3397:States of the Weimar Republic 1221:. 31 January 1934. p. 1. 1160:Elisabeth Raiser, pp. 90 seq. 1116: 1594:Free Imperial Cities by 1792 1067:(1875–1955), German author, 1043:Federal Constitutional Court 7: 3757:States of the German Empire 3024:States of the German Empire 1848:Member or associate of the 1304: 1093: 1022:. Lübeck's position on the 994:Lübeck was occupied by the 834:War of the Fourth Coalition 483:Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck 141:Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck 10: 3793: 1105:Timeline of Lübeck history 888:North German Confederation 794:condominium of both cities 577:, the Vierlande, half the 504: 254:North German Confederation 3631: 3604: 3586: 3540: 3533: 3505: 3494: 3404: 3329: 3313: 3285: 3272:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 3231: 3185: 3142: 3131: 3031: 2962: 2949:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 2908: 2865: 2827: 2816: 2797: 2745: 2714: 2687: 2654: 2580: 2547: 2540: 2478: 2433: 2397: 2390: 2344: 2328: 2292: 2281: 2267: 2185:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian 2123: 2080: 1966: 1955: 1909: 1832: 1615: 1600: 1585: 1310: 1299: 1244:; retrieved 28 June 2010. 1169:Elisabeth Raiser, p. 137. 1069:Nobel Prize in Literature 1045:upheld a decision by the 771:In 1420, Eric V attacked 456: 394: 390: 373: 355: 342: 321: 317: 309: 299: 289: 279: 269: 235: 223: 208: 193: 163: 156: 134: 3079:Lauenburg and Bütow Land 1142:Elisabeth Raiser, p. 90. 790:Beiderstädtischer Besitz 378:     360:     329:     2220:Unencircled territories 1981:Brunswick and Lunenburg 998:in the closing days of 935:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler 375:• Abolished by the 280:Official languages 3351: 3342: 3337:German colonial empire 3267:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2944:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2011:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1110:Free City of Frankfurt 875: 499:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 482: 140: 3698:53.86972°N 10.68639°E 925:Friedrich Hildebrandt 911:Nazi seizure of power 870: 621:Mecklenburg-Pomerania 518:declared the city of 3742:Free imperial cities 3447:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3442:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 3314:Imperial Territories 3167:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3162:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 3083:Starostwo of Draheim 2847:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2842:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2372:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2367:Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1550:Weißenburg in Bayern 1282:Free imperial cities 1180:Borough of Bergedorf 902:, Lübeck joined the 886:. Lübeck joined the 884:German Confederation 848:on 6 November 1806. 832:in 1806. During the 826:German Mediatisation 333:Emperor Frederick II 249:German Confederation 195:Lesser coat of arms: 54:improve this article 3777:Free City of Lübeck 3694: /  3277:Waldeck and Pyrmont 2954:Waldeck and Pyrmont 2572:Waldeck and Pyrmont 2196:Circles est. 1512: 2171:Circles est. 1500: 1901:(1500–1806) of the 1815:Weißenburg in Elsaß 1241:The Daily Telegraph 1024:inner German border 976:Greater Hamburg Act 923:" on 7 April 1933, 857:First French Empire 806:Schmalkaldic League 781:Zollenspieker Ferry 604:Origin, destination 594: 581:(Saxon Forest) and 381:Greater Hamburg Act 18:Free City of Lübeck 3703:53.86972; 10.68639 3101:Schleswig-Holstein 2217:    2213:    2167:    2163:    2159:    2155:    2151:    2147:    2143:    2139:    2135:    2131:    2127:    1899:Lower Saxon Circle 1608:imperial immediacy 1129:Elisabeth Raiser, 1047:federal government 1020:Schleswig-Holstein 984:Schleswig-Holstein 880:Congress of Vienna 876: 853:Continental System 785:Peace of Perleberg 592: 546:from the indebted 524:Free Imperial City 495:Schleswig-Holstein 363:Congress of Vienna 344:• Annexed by 325:Imperial immediacy 240:Free imperial city 3727:History of Lübeck 3677: 3676: 3627: 3626: 3363: 3362: 2990: 2989: 2934: 2926: 2756: 2755: 2710: 2709: 2636: 2623: 2536: 2535: 2480:Ernestine duchies 2226: 2225: 2210:Electoral Rhenish 1903:Holy Roman Empire 1858: 1857: 1850:Swiss Confederacy 1828: 1827: 1595: 1583: 1582: 1293:Holy Roman Empire 1203:978-1-932-97021-0 980:Prussian province 930:Reichsstatthalter 830:Holy Roman Empire 810:Thirty Years' War 750: 749: 514:In 1226, Emperor 466: 465: 452: 451: 448: 447: 428: 427: 244:Holy Roman Empire 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 3784: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3579: 3538: 3537: 3500: 3484: 3476: 3467:Schaumburg-Lippe 3390: 3383: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3356: 3347: 3262:Schaumburg-Lippe 3257: 3249: 3219: 3137: 3116: 3086: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2939:Schaumburg-Lippe 2932: 2924: 2822: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2680: 2679: 2670: 2669: 2647: 2646: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2606: 2605: 2600:Reuss-Lobenstein 2596: 2595: 2567:Schaumburg-Lippe 2545: 2544: 2524: 2516: 2508: 2500: 2492: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2435:Anhalt (Ascania) 2416: 2395: 2394: 2287: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2214: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 1961: 1897: 1896: 1885: 1878: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1844:Hanseatic League 1602: 1601: 1593: 1591: 1510:Schwäbisch Gmünd 1301: 1300: 1291: 1290: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1252: 1251: 1245: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1189: 1183: 1176: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1127: 1083:in the Waffen-SS 1041:the West German 1040: 957: 595: 591: 533:Hanseatic League 477: 444: 443: 432: 431: 419: 418: 412: 411: 396: 395: 379: 361: 330: 228: 213: 203: 183: 171: 151: 143: 132: 131: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3712: 3711: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3673: 3633: 3623: 3600: 3582: 3577: 3575:Weimar-Eisenach 3529: 3501: 3492: 3482: 3474: 3400: 3394: 3364: 3359: 3325: 3321:Alsace–Lorraine 3309: 3281: 3255: 3247: 3227: 3217: 3181: 3177:Weimar-Eisenach 3157:Hesse-Darmstadt 3138: 3129: 3081:and the former 3077:(including the 3076: 3047: 3027: 3021: 2991: 2986: 2958: 2904: 2861: 2857:Weimar-Eisenach 2837:Hesse-Darmstadt 2823: 2814: 2793: 2787: 2757: 2752: 2741: 2706: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2626: 2625: 2613: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2590:Reuss-Ebersdorf 2576: 2532: 2522: 2514: 2512:Gotha-Altenburg 2506: 2498: 2496:Coburg-Saalfeld 2490: 2474: 2469: 2461: 2453: 2445: 2429: 2414: 2386: 2382:Weimar-Eisenach 2357:Hesse-Darmstadt 2340: 2324: 2288: 2279: 2263: 2257: 2227: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2076: 1962: 1953: 1905: 1891: 1889: 1859: 1854: 1824: 1611: 1596: 1592: 1579: 1515:Schwäbisch Hall 1306: 1295: 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3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3348: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3233:Principalities 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3020: 3019: 3012: 3005: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2928: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2910:Principalities 2906: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2786: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2681: 2671: 2660: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2638: 2630: 2617: 2607: 2597: 2586: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2541:Principalities 2538: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520:Hildburghausen 2517: 2509: 2501: 2493: 2484: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2464: 2456: 2448: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2072:Saxe-Lauenburg 2069: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1911:Ecclesiastical 1907: 1906: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1873: 1865: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1842:Member of the 1840: 1836:Member of the 1833: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1598: 1597: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1297: 1296: 1278: 1277: 1270: 1263: 1255: 1247: 1246: 1224: 1219:New York Times 1209: 1202: 1184: 1171: 1162: 1153: 1144: 1135: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1075:Wilhelm Mohnke 1072: 1062: 1054: 1053:Notable people 1051: 971: 968: 873:cigarette card 864: 861: 821: 820:Napoleonic era 818: 748: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 731: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 714: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 697: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 680: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 663: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 646: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 629: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 612: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 552:Saxe-Lauenburg 511: 508: 506: 503: 464: 463: 458: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 438: 429: 426: 425: 420: 408: 407: 402: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 374: 371: 370: 366: 356: 353: 352: 349: 343: 340: 339: 336: 323:• Gained 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 266: 252:Member of the 247:Member of the 237: 233: 232: 229: 221: 220: 214: 206: 205: 198: 191: 190: 185: 178: 177: 173: 166: 165: 164: 161: 160: 154: 153: 138: 135: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3789: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3710: 3707: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3620: 3619:Sondershausen 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3248:(Junior Line) 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3144:Grand Duchies 3141: 3136: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3006: 3004: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2925:(Junior Line) 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2829:Grand Duchies 2826: 2821: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2702:Sondershausen 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2675: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2642: 2641:Reuss-Schleiz 2639: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2622:(Junior Line) 2618: 2611: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2557:Liechtenstein 2555: 2553: 2552:Hesse-Homburg 2550: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345:Grand duchies 2343: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2221: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2193:(Lower) Saxon 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181:Upper Rhenish 2178: 2174: 2122: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1599: 1590: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1220: 1213: 1205: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1175: 1166: 1157: 1148: 1139: 1132: 1126: 1122: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080:Brigadeführer 1077:(1911–2001), 1076: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1016:federal state 1013: 1009: 1008:Allied powers 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 989: 985: 981: 977: 967: 965: 961: 955: 950: 946: 942: 941: 940:Bürgermeister 936: 932: 931: 926: 922: 918: 917: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 896:German Empire 893: 889: 885: 881: 874: 869: 860: 858: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 797: 795: 791: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 754: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 732: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 715: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 698: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 681: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 664: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 647: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 630: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 613: 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 596: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 534: 529: 525: 521: 517: 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 462: 459: 457:Today part of 455: 439: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 421: 414: 413: 410: 409: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 393: 389: 385: 382: 372: 367: 364: 354: 350: 347: 346:French Empire 341: 337: 334: 326: 320: 316: 312: 308: 305: 302: 298: 295: 292: 288: 285: 282: 278: 275: 272: 268: 265: 262:State of the 260: 259:German Empire 257:State of the 255: 250: 245: 241: 238: 234: 227: 222: 218: 217:German Empire 212: 207: 202: 196: 192: 182: 170: 162: 155: 149: 142: 133: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: –  70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 3679: 3632:Unrecognized 3578:(until 1920) 3524: 3483:(until 1929) 3353:Mitteleuropa 3344:Mittelafrika 3304: 3256:(Elder Line) 3254:Reuss-Greiz 3218:(until 1876) 3210:Coburg-Gotha 3113:West Prussia 3070:Hohenzollern 3066:Hesse-Nassau 3058:East Prussia 2981: 2933:(Elder Line) 2931:Reuss-Greiz 2890:Coburg-Gotha 2736: 2678:(until 1850) 2668:(until 1850) 2656:Hohenzollern 2645:(until 1848) 2635:(Elder Line) 2633:Reuss-Greiz 2604:(until 1824) 2594:(until 1824) 2523:(until 1826) 2515:(until 1826) 2504:Coburg-Gotha 2499:(until 1826) 2470:(until 1847) 2462:(until 1863) 2454:(until 1863) 2336:Hesse-Kassel 2192: 2170: 2169:until 1734. 1765:Schlettstadt 1760:Schmalkalden 1755:Schaffhausen 1730:Pfeddersheim 1645:Diessenhofen 1239: 1236:Simon Heffer 1227: 1218: 1212: 1193: 1187: 1174: 1165: 1156: 1147: 1138: 1130: 1125: 1087:Willy Brandt 1078: 1000:World War II 996:British Army 993: 988:Adolf Hitler 973: 964:Bürgerschaft 963: 938: 928: 914: 908: 877: 850: 823: 813: 802:Count's Feud 798: 770: 755: 751: 572: 537: 516:Frederick II 513: 469: 467: 405:Succeeded by 404: 399: 386:1 April 1937 194: 186:Coat of arms 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 3772:City-states 3701: / 3669:Würzburg SR 3644:Bavarian SR 3606:Schwarzburg 3507:City-states 3488:Württemberg 3475:(from 1920) 3399:(1919–1933) 3287:City-states 3246:Reuss-Gera 3125:Württemberg 3054:Brandenburg 3046:as a whole 3026:(1871–1918) 2964:City-states 2923:Reuss-Gera 2792:(1866–1871) 2715:Free cities 2689:Schwarzburg 2674:Sigmaringen 2627:(from 1848) 2620:Reuss-Gera 2614:(1824-1848) 2507:(from 1826) 2491:(from 1826) 2446:(from 1863) 2415:(from 1839) 2329:Electorates 2320:Württemberg 2262:(1815–1866) 2206:Upper Saxon 2161:until 1695. 2157:until 1640. 2153:until 1773. 2145:until 1596. 2141:until 1705. 2137:until 1731. 2129:until 1701. 2125:until 1648. 2040:Mecklenburg 2001:Grubenhagen 1986:Blankenburg 1924:Halberstadt 1735:Rheinfelden 1680:Kaysersberg 1520:Schweinfurt 1480:Pfullendorf 1360:Dinkelsbühl 1065:Thomas Mann 1035: [ 952: [ 949:Paul Löwigt 777:Brandenburg 579:Sachsenwald 400:Preceded by 3716:Categories 3689:10°41′11″E 3686:53°52′11″N 3654:Bottleneck 3635:separatist 3614:Rudolstadt 3570:Saxe-Gotha 3534:Until 1920 3109:Westphalia 2697:Rudolstadt 2362:Luxembourg 2202:Burgundian 2189:Franconian 2165:from 1701. 2149:from 1708. 2133:from 1648. 2115:Nordhausen 2110:Mühlhausen 2067:Regenstein 2023:Glückstadt 1929:Hildesheim 1750:Sarrebourg 1745:St. Gallen 1665:Gelnhausen 1650:Donauwörth 1530:Überlingen 1500:Rothenburg 1495:Reutlingen 1490:Regensburg 1485:Ravensburg 1465:Nördlingen 1460:Nordhausen 1450:Mühlhausen 1415:Kaufbeuren 1385:Gengenbach 1117:References 1028:hinterland 909:After the 851:Under the 842:Bernadotte 607:Departures 583:Geesthacht 540:Herrschaft 528:Lübeck law 493:states of 487:city-state 300:Government 80:newspapers 3649:Bremen SR 3637:movements 3565:Meiningen 3550:Altenburg 3472:Thuringia 3452:Oldenburg 3427:Brunswick 3223:Meiningen 3215:Lauenburg 3205:Altenburg 3200:Brunswick 3172:Oldenburg 3093:Rhineland 3074:Pomerania 2900:Meiningen 2895:Lauenburg 2885:Altenburg 2880:Brunswick 2852:Oldenburg 2749:partially 2727:Frankfurt 2664:Hechingen 2528:Meiningen 2488:Altenburg 2425:Lauenburg 2402:Brunswick 2377:Oldenburg 2033:Pinneberg 1991:Calenberg 1944:Ratzeburg 1939:Magdeburg 1795:Turckheim 1785:Straßburg 1780:Solothurn 1565:Windsheim 1475:Offenburg 1470:Nuremberg 1455:Mülhausen 1445:Memmingen 1430:Leutkirch 1425:Kessenich 1405:Heilbronn 1380:Friedberg 1375:Frankfurt 1335:Bopfingen 1012:statehood 575:Bergedorf 568:Lunenburg 564:Brunswick 475:‹See Tfd› 290:Religion 159:1815–1937 157:1226–1811 3032:Kingdoms 2798:Kingdoms 2451:Bernburg 2407:Holstein 2293:Kingdoms 2198:Austrian 2173:Bavarian 2055:Strelitz 2050:Schwerin 2018:Holstein 1949:Schwerin 1838:Décapole 1690:Konstanz 1655:Duisburg 1630:Besançon 1505:Rottweil 1370:Eßlingen 1365:Dortmund 1350:Buchhorn 1330:Biberach 1325:Augsburg 1094:See also 1071:laureate 1004:Red Army 838:Napoleon 836:against 814:de facto 740:Flanders 598:Arrivals 522:to be a 485:) was a 423:Holstein 304:Republic 110:May 2010 3664:Rhenish 3659:Bavaria 3520:Hamburg 3480:Waldeck 3457:Prussia 3422:Bavaria 3300:Hamburg 3187:Duchies 3105:Silesia 3062:Hanover 3044:Prussia 3039:Bavaria 2977:Hamburg 2867:Duchies 2805:Prussia 2732:Hamburg 2412:Limburg 2391:Duchies 2315:Hanover 2305:Bavaria 2300:Prussia 2275:Austria 2268:Empires 2177:Swabian 2100:Hamburg 2062:Rantzau 2045:Güstrow 2028:Gottorp 2006:Hanover 1968:Secular 1810:Warburg 1740:Rosheim 1725:Obernai 1720:Munster 1705:Lucerne 1675:Herford 1670:Hagenau 1640:Cambrai 1560:Wimpfen 1555:Wetzlar 1420:Kempten 1400:Hamburg 1390:Giengen 1355:Cologne 1305:By 1792 1284:of the 937:as the 846:Blücher 706:Fehmarn 689:Livonia 655:Prussia 587:Hamburg 505:History 461:Germany 310:History 270:Capital 242:of the 94:scholar 3722:Lübeck 3555:Coburg 3542:Ernest 3525:Lübeck 3515:Bremen 3462:Saxony 3412:Anhalt 3405:States 3305:Lübeck 3295:Bremen 3195:Anhalt 3120:Saxony 3097:Saxony 3050:Berlin 2982:Lübeck 2972:Bremen 2875:Anhalt 2810:Saxony 2737:Lübeck 2722:Bremen 2467:Köthen 2459:Dessau 2443:Anhalt 2420:Nassau 2310:Saxony 2105:Lübeck 2095:Goslar 2090:Bremen 2082:Cities 1976:Bremen 1934:Lübeck 1919:Bremen 1820:Zürich 1805:Verdun 1800:Verden 1695:Landau 1685:Kolmar 1635:Brakel 1540:Wangen 1525:Speyer 1440:Lübeck 1435:Lindau 1395:Goslar 1345:Buchau 1340:Bremen 1315:Aachen 1200:  1100:Lübeck 1002:. The 723:Bergen 672:Sweden 638:Skania 520:Lübeck 491:German 479:German 313:  284:German 274:Lübeck 236:Status 148:German 144:  96:  89:  82:  75:  67:  3596:Reuss 3588:Reuss 3560:Gotha 3437:Lippe 3432:Hesse 3417:Baden 3330:Other 3241:Lippe 3152:Baden 3089:Posen 2918:Lippe 2582:Reuss 2562:Lippe 2352:Baden 1996:Celle 1775:Soest 1770:Seltz 1710:Mainz 1700:Lemgo 1660:Düren 1620:Basel 1606:Lost 1570:Worms 1320:Aalen 1039:] 956:] 661:20.1 644:22.8 627:42.3 560:marks 544:Mölln 331:from 101:JSTOR 87:books 1790:Toul 1715:Metz 1625:Bern 1575:Zell 1545:Weil 1410:Isny 1198:ISBN 766:John 762:Eric 746:0.1 695:4.7 669:11.2 652:16.8 635:26.8 618:33.7 566:and 556:Eric 497:and 468:The 369:1815 351:1811 338:1226 174:Flag 73:news 1535:Ulm 1018:of 982:of 737:0.4 720:1.6 703:3.2 686:4.3 658:183 649:145 641:207 632:250 624:386 615:289 542:of 56:by 3718:: 3111:, 3107:, 3103:, 3099:, 3095:, 3091:, 3087:, 3072:, 3068:, 3064:, 3060:, 3056:, 3052:, 2215:· 2208:, 2204:, 2200:, 2191:, 2187:, 2183:, 2179:, 2175:, 1238:, 1234:, 1037:de 954:de 947:, 859:. 729:- 717:12 712:3 709:27 700:28 692:43 683:35 678:7 675:64 666:96 610:% 526:. 501:. 481:: 3389:e 3382:t 3375:v 3115:) 3085:) 3048:( 3016:e 3009:t 3002:v 2782:e 2775:t 2768:v 2252:e 2245:t 2238:v 1884:e 1877:t 1870:v 1274:e 1267:t 1260:v 1206:. 1182:. 792:( 743:1 734:3 726:- 601:% 472:( 150:) 146:( 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 20:)

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Free City of Lübeck

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German
Flag of Lübeck
Coat of arms of Lübeck

Location of the Free City of Lübeck within the German Empire
German Empire
Territory of the Free City of Lübeck, 1815–1937
Free imperial city
Holy Roman Empire
German Confederation
North German Confederation
German Empire
Weimar Republic
Lübeck
German
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Lübeck
Republic
Imperial immediacy

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