1070:, or the BSD-based distributions. Examples include prohibiting that the software be used for non-private applications, for military purposes, for comparison or benchmarking, for good use, for ethically questionable means, or in commercial organizations. While some restrictions on user freedom, e.g. concerning nuclear war, seem to enjoy moral support among most free software developers, it is generally believed that such agendas should not be served through software licenses; among other things because of practical aspects such as resulting legal uncertainties and problems with enforceability of vague, broad and/or subjective criteria or because tool makers are generally not held responsible for other people's use of their tools. Nevertheless some projects include legally non-binding pleas to the user, prominently
1050:, have a less complicated license interaction and normally exhibit better license compatibility. For example, if one license says "modified versions must mention the developers in any advertising materials", and another license says "modified versions cannot contain additional attribution requirements", then, if someone combined a software package which uses one license with a software package which uses the other, it would be impossible to distribute the combination because these contradictory requirements cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. Thus, these two packages would be license-incompatible. When it comes to
1364:
1815:... the organization that manages open source developers working on the next generation of Netscape's browser and communication software. This event marked a historical milestone for the Internet as Netscape became the first major commercial software company to open its source code, a trend that has since been followed by several other corporations. Since the code was first published on the Internet, thousands of individuals and organizations have downloaded it and made hundreds of contributions to the software. Mozilla.org is now celebrating this one-year anniversary with a party Thursday night in San Francisco.
1975:
license to do so. :-) ... For the record, I have already voted +1 to approve the CC0 public domain dedication and fallback license as OSD compliant. I admit that I have argued for years against the "public domain" as an open source license, but in retrospect, considering the minimal risk to developers and users relying on such software and the evident popularity of that "license", I changed my mind. One can't stand in the way of a fire hose of free public domain software, even if it doesn't come with a better FOSS license that I trust more.
1009:
33:
4121:
4111:
933:. In this case, the source code must also contain any changes the developers may have made. If GPL code is used but not shared or sold, the code is not required to be made available and any changes may remain private. This permits developers and organizations to use and modify GPL code for private purposes (that is, when the code or the project is not sold or otherwise shared) without being required to make their changes available to the public.
1113:
3150:
software license whatsoever. So if you write a new program, and you have no commitments at all about what license you want to use, saving only that it be a free license, you cannot include GFDL'd text. The GNU FDL, as it stands today, does not meet the Debian Free
Software Guidelines. There are significant problems with the license, as detailed above; and, as such, we cannot accept works licensed under the GNU FDL into our distribution.
937:
its advantages. Some also argue that restricting distribution makes the license less free. Whereas proponents would argue that not preserving freedom during distribution would make it less free. For example, a non-copyleft license does not grant the author the freedom to see modified versions of his or her work if it gets publicly published, whereas a copyleft license does grant that freedom.
3386:
1218:
code becomes proprietary, users are denied the freedoms that define free software. As a result, they consider the BSD license less free than the GPL, and that freedom is more than a lack of restriction. Since the BSD license restricts the right of developers to have changes recontributed to the community, neither it nor the GPL is "free" in the sense of "lacking any restrictions."
975:. Most newly written free-software licenses since the late 1990s include some form of patent retaliation clauses. These measures stipulate that one's rights under the license (such as to redistribution), may be terminated if one attempts to enforce patents relating to the licensed software, under certain circumstances. As an example, the
2421:
1. MIT license 24%, 2. GNU General Public
License (GPL) 2.0 23%, 3. Apache License 16%, 4. GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 9%, 5. BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised) License 6%, 6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 5%, 7. Artistic License (Perl) 4%, 8. GNU Lesser General Public
2065:
In some ways, Linux was the project that really made the split clear between what the FSF is pushing which is very different from what open source and Linux has always been about, which is more of a technical superiority instead of a -- this religious belief in freedom," Torvalds told Zemlin. So, the
1940:
Most rights can be voluntarily abandoned ("waived") by the owner of the rights. Legislators can go to extra effort to create rights that can't be abandoned, but usually they don't do this. In particular, you can voluntarily abandon your United States copyrights: "It is well settled that rights gained
1217:
Supporters of the BSD license argue that it is more free than the GPL because it grants the right to do anything with the source code, provided that the attribution is preserved. The approach has led to BSD code being used in widely used proprietary software. Proponents of the GPL point out that once
3149:
It is not possible to borrow text from a GFDL'd manual and incorporate it in any free software program whatsoever. This is not a mere license incompatibility. It's not just that the GFDL is incompatible with this or that free software license: it's that it is fundamentally incompatible with any free
2702:
Apache 2 software can therefore be included in GPLv3 projects, because the GPLv3 license accepts our software into GPLv3 works. However, GPLv3 software cannot be included in Apache projects. The licenses are incompatible in one direction only, and it is a result of ASF's licensing philosophy and the
2034:
No. Some of the requirements in GPLv3, such as the requirement to provide
Installation Information, do not exist in GPLv2. As a result, the licenses are not compatible: if you tried to combine code released under both these licenses, you would violate section 6 of GPLv2. However, if code is released
687:
2 has been tested in to court, first in
Germany in 2004 and later in the US. In the German case the judge did not explicitly discuss the validity of the GPL's clauses but accepted that the GPL had to be adhered to: "If the GPL were not agreed upon by the parties, defendant would notwithstanding lack
2763:
The licences for distributing free or open source software (FOSS) are divided in two families: permissive and copyleft. Permissive licences (BSD, MIT, X11, Apache, Zope) are generally compatible and interoperable with most other licences, tolerating to merge, combine or improve the covered code and
2729:
Permissive licensing simplifies things One reason the business world, and more and more developers , favor permissive licenses is in the simplicity of reuse. The license usually only pertains to the source code that is licensed and makes no attempt to infer any conditions upon any other component,
1840:
The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement. The event that precipitated this attempted semantic coup d'Ă©tat was the release of the source code for
Netscape's Communicator Web browser. It's tough to overestimate the importance of Netscape to the fortunes of Free
936:
Supporters of GPL claim that by mandating that derivative works remain under the GPL, it fosters the growth of free software and requires equal participation by all users. Opponents of GPL claim that "no license can guarantee future software availability" and that the disadvantages of GPL outweigh
1747:
Prior to 1998, Free
Software referred either to the Free Software Foundation (and the watchful, micromanaging eye of Stallman) or to one of thousands of different commercial, avocational, or university-research projects, processes, licenses, and ideologies that had a variety of names: sourceware,
1974:
The case you referenced in your email, Hampton v. Paramount
Pictures, 279 F.2d 100 (9th Cir. Cal. 1960), stands for the proposition that, at least in the Ninth Circuit, a person can indeed abandon his copyrights (counter to what I wrote in my article) -- but it takes the equivalent of a manifest
1677:
GNU General Public
License (GPL) 2.0 58.69% GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 11.39% Artistic License (Perl) 7.46% BSD License 6.50% Apache License 2.0 2.92% MIT License 2.58% GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 1.64% Mozilla Public License (MPL) 1.1 1.37% Common Public License 0.83%
1300:
foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL "does not allow for easy duplication and
3206:
FSF, a Free
Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the Free Software ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. FSF is not Creative Commons:the documentation that FSF handles is an essential
2167:
Since BusyBox can be found in so many embedded systems, it finds itself at the core of the GPLv3 anti-DRM debate. The real outcomes, however, are this: BusyBox will be GPLv2 only starting with the next release. It is generally accepted that stripping out the "or any later version" is legally
1307:
is a software license published in Spain in
December 2006 to allow all but military use. The writers of the license maintain it is free software, but the Free Software Foundation says it is not free because it infringes the so-called "zero freedom" of the GPL, that is, the freedom to use the
566:
In the early times of software, sharing of software and source code was common in certain communities, for instance academic institutions. Before the US Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU) decided in 1974 that "computer programs, to the extent that they embody an
2263:
3 of its GNU General Public License (GPL) on the 29th of June 2007, contributors to the VLC media player, and other software projects hosted at videolan.org, debated the possibility of updating the licensing terms for future version of the VLC media player and other hosted projects, to
922:". This results in the new software being open source as well. Since copyleft ensures that later generations of the software grant the freedom to modify the code, this is "free software". Non-copyleft licenses do not ensure that later generations of the software will remain free.
913:
in the mid-1980s pioneered a concept known as "copyleft". Ensuing copyleft provisions stated that when modified versions of free software are distributed, they must be distributed under the same terms as the original software. Hence they are referred to as "share and
2268:
3 of the GPL. ... There is strong concern that these new additional requirements might not match the industrial and economic reality of our time, especially in the market of consumer electronics. It is our belief that changing our licensing terms to GPL
2005:
Currently the decision to move from GPL v2 to GPL v3 is being hotly debated by many open source projects. According to Palamida, a provider of IP compliance software, there have been roughly 2489 open source projects that have moved from GPLv2 to later
722:
In 2007, after years of draft discussion, the GPLv3 as major update of the GPLv2 was released. The release was controversial due to the significant extended scope of the license, which made it incompatible with the GPLv2. Several major FOSS projects
1328:
follows at third place. A study from 2012, which used publicly available data, criticized Black Duck Software for not publishing their methodology used in collecting statistics. Daniel German, professor in the Department of Computer Science at the
1098:
As there are several defining organizations and groups who publish definitions and guidelines about FOSS licenses, notably the FSF, the OSI, the Debian project, and the BSDs, there are sometimes conflicting opinions and interpretations.
1941:
under the Copyright Act may be abandoned. But abandonment of a right must be manifested by some overt act indicating an intention to abandon that right. See Hampton v. Paramount Pictures Corp., 279 F.2d 100, 104 (9th Cir. 1960)."
2483:
From the above chart it is clear that the GPL family is the highest used (I had miscalculated it as MIT before).The other major licenses are MIT, BSD, the LGPL family, Artistic (for Perl packages), LPPL (foe texlive packages),
2643:
2194:
Don't invent a straw man argument please. I consider licensing BusyBox under GPLv3 to be useless, unnecessary, overcomplicated, and confusing, and in addition to that it has actual downsides. 1) Useless: We're never dropping
1795:"MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., April 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Netscape Communications and open source developers are celebrating the first anniversary, March 31, 1999, of the release of Netscape's browser source code to mozilla.org"
1333:
in Canada, presented a talk in 2013 about the methodological challenges in determining which are the most widely used free-software licenses, and showed how he could not replicate the result from Black Duck Software.
1794:
1194:
which are derived from BSD-licensed software. In extreme cases, the sub- or re-licensing possibilities with BSD or other permissive licenses might prevent further use in the open-source ecosystem. For instance,
2259:
2, with the commonly-offered option to use 'any later version' thereof (though there was not any such later version at the time). Following the release by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) of the new version
688:
the necessary rights to copy, distribute, and make the software 'netfilter/iptables' publicly available." Because the defendant did not comply with the GPL, it had to cease use of the software. The US case (
3010:
the restriction that source code must be distributed or made available for all works that are derivatives As a consequence, software bound by the GPL terms cannot be included in the kernel or "runtime" of
848:) free-software licensing rather than permissive free-software licensing for most purposes. Its list distinguishes between free-software licenses that are compatible or incompatible with the FSF's copyleft
1030:
Licenses of software packages containing contradictory requirements render it impossible to combine source code from such packages in order to create new software packages. License compatibility between a
1781:
Bold move to harness creative power of thousands of internet developers; company makes Netscape Navigator and Communicator 4.0 immediately free for all users, seeding market for enterprise and netcenter
1019:
according to David A. Wheeler (2007): the vector arrows denote a one directional compatibility, therefore better compatibility on the left side ("permissive licenses") than on the right side ("copyleft
612:
in 1985, which was revised into the "GNU Emacs General Public License" in late 1985, and clarified in March 1987 and February 1988. Likewise, the similar GCC General Public License was applied to the
1242:(GFDL). Debian accepts the original Artistic License as being a free software license, but FSF disagrees. This has very little impact however since the Artistic License is almost always used in a
2730:
and because of this there is no need to define what constitutes a derived work. I have also never seen a license compatibility chart for permissive licenses; it seems that they are all compatible.
1288:. The FSF argues that documentation is qualitatively different from software and is subject to different requirements. Debian accepted, in a later resolution, that the GNU FDL complied with the
747:
open-source programs office manager Chris DiBona reported that the number of open-source projects licensed software that had moved to GPLv3 from GPLv2 was 50%, counting the projects hosted at
759:
In 2011, four years after the release of the GPLv3, 6.5% of all open-source licensed projects were GPLv3 while 42.5% were still GPLv2 according to Black Duck Software data. Following in 2011
680:
considerations. While the creation of new licenses slowed down later, license proliferation and its impact are considered an ongoing serious challenge for the free and open-source ecosystem.
991:
The majority of free-software licenses require that modified software not claim to be unmodified. Some licenses also require that copyright holders be credited. One such example is version
3408:
2273:
3 would currently not be in the best interest of our community as a whole. Consequently, we plan to keep distributing future versions of VLC media player under the terms of the GPL version
995:
2 of the GNU GPL, which requires that interactive programs that print warranty or license information, may not have these notices removed from modified versions intended for distribution.
979:
may terminate a user's rights if said user embarks on litigation proceedings against them due to patent litigation. Patent retaliation emerged in response to proliferation and abuse of
1258:
The vast majority of free software uses undisputed free-software licenses; however, there have been many debates over whether or not certain other licenses qualify for the definition.
2658:
2111:
At the time, the decision seemed sensible in the face of a deadlock. But now, GPLv2 is used for 42.5% of free software, and GPLv3 for less than 6.5%, according to Black Duck Software.
895:, include intentionally stronger restrictions (especially on the distribution/distributor) in order to force derived projects to guarantee specific rights which can't be taken away.
2317:
821:. It considers Free Software Permissive license group to be a reference implementation of a Free Software license. Thus its requirements for approving licenses are different.
567:
author's original creation, are proper subject matter of copyright", software was not considered copyrightable. Therefore, software had no licenses attached and was shared as
2454:
1 MIT 44.69%, 2 Other 15.68%, 3 GPLv2 12.96%, 4 Apache 11.19%, 5 GPLv3 8.88%, 6 BSD 3-clause 4.53%, 7 Unlicense 1.87%, 8 BSD 2-clause 1.70%, 9 LGPLv3 1.30%, 10 AGPLv3 1.05%
1802:
1454:
3614:
2624:
2348:
2375:
763:
analyst Matthew Aslett argued in a blog post that copyleft licenses went into decline and permissive licenses increased, based on statistics from Black Duck Software.
652:' step to release its webbrowser under a FOSS license in 1998, inspired many other companies to adapt to the FOSS ecosystem. In this trend companies and new projects (
1988:
1660:
4157:
3693:
3042:
Content that you submit must not directly compete with products offered by MathWorks. Content submitted to File Exchange may only be used with MathWorks products.
2742:
2208:
3207:
component of FSF's Free Software, and should be treated as such. In that light, the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years.
3912:
3534:
3068:
1377:
665:
2123:
1957:
1722:
License -> OSI: GNU General Public License (GPL) (32641 projects), GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (4889 projects of 45727, 82.1%)
3751:
1841:
Software. But Netscape is far more famous among geeks for giving away something else, in 1998: the source code to Netscape Communicator (née Navigator).
967:
describes a process where hardware restrictions are used to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware, in which the
692:
vs Progress) was settled before a verdict was arrived at, but at an initial hearing, Judge Saris "saw no reason" that the GPL would not be enforceable.
1748:
freeware, shareware, open software, public domain software, and so on. The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement.
1629:
4363:
3683:
703:
software could not truly be waived into public domain and can't be interpreted as very permissive FOSS license, a position which faced opposition by
588:
Free-software licenses before the late 1980s were generally informal notices written by the developers themselves. These early licenses were of the "
971:
device is an example. It is viewed by the FSF as a way to turn free software to effectively non-free, and is why they have chosen to prohibit it in
1574:
The latter is covered by the GNU Emacs General Public License, which says that sources of anything using it must be available for free to everyone.
1296:" is removed, but considers it "still not free of trouble". Notwithstanding, most GNU documentation includes "invariant sections". Similarly, the
5093:
4686:
1054:
software licenses, they are not inherently compatible with other copyleft licenses, even the GPLv2 is, by itself, not compatible with the GPLv3.
102:
1167:(GPL), are undesirably complicated and/or restrictive. The GPL requires any derivative work to also be released according to the GPL while the
1078:'s (joking) “no evil” clause, which affected the release process of the Debian distribution in 2012 and got the JSMin-PHP project expelled from
353:
Free-software licenses provide risk mitigation against different legal threats or behaviors that are seen as potentially harmful by developers:
3703:
3589:
3688:
3671:
2404:
1705:
1035:
and another license is often only a one-way compatibility. This "one-way compatibility" characteristic is, for instanced, criticized by the
4150:
3641:
3539:
3817:
3651:
3624:
3604:
2325:
608:
free-software licenses for each of its software packages. An early such license (the "GNU Emacs Copying Permission Notice") was used for
155:
law, but the rights-holder (usually the author) of a piece of software can remove these restrictions by accompanying the software with a
3629:
1348:'s packages showed as most used licenses the GPL family, followed by MIT, BSD, the LGP family, Artistic (for Perl packages), LPPL (for
1171:
does not. Essentially, the BSD license's only requirement is to acknowledge the original authors, and poses no restrictions on how the
130:
3579:
3549:
2598:
4328:
3726:
1760:
556:
4143:
2290:
1462:
3302:
3249:
2225:
Blender is also still 'GPLv2 or later'. For the time being we stick to that, moving to GPL 3 has no evident benefits I know of.
2094:
1427:
3454:
3163:
1123:
4517:
3698:
3656:
3599:
3365:
2352:
17:
2379:
2052:
4114:
4062:
3992:
3676:
1992:
1664:
1369:
4679:
4405:
3636:
3529:
2349:"GPL, copyleft use declining faster than ever - Data suggests a sharper rate of decline, which raises the question: why?"
1764:
1630:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the second international GPLv3 conference, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 2006-04-21"
1483:
1341:
study in 2015 on their statistical data found that the MIT license was the most prominent FOSS license on that platform.
959:
litigation cases – a problem which had not previously existed. This new threat was one of the reasons for writing version
813:. OSI agrees with FSF on all widely used free-software licenses, but differ from FSF's list, as it approves against the
1074:. Among the repeated attempts by developers to regulate user behavior through the license that sparked wider debate are
4017:
3869:
2750:
2212:
1266:
1539:
3932:
3842:
3837:
3434:
783:
292:
2716:
1540:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the third international GPLv3 conference, Barcelona; 2006-06-22 - FSFE"
4338:
3661:
3569:
2823:
872:
195:
2959:
2901:"❌(REVERTED): Add text to MIT License banning ICE collaborators by jamiebuilds · Pull Request #1616 · lerna/Lerna"
4738:
4221:
3927:
3759:
3666:
1382:
1289:
1231:
581:, clarified that the Copyright Act gave computer programs the copyright status of literary works and started the
2560:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the fifth international GPLv3 conference, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-11-21"
4672:
4502:
3506:
3279:
2131:
1961:
1277:
1239:
1156:
644:
movement pushed and focused the free-software idea forward in the wider public and business perception. In the
123:
2538:
2517:
1265:, which were accepted by the Open Source Initiative but not by the Free Software Foundation or Debian and the
4721:
4343:
4211:
4022:
3917:
3741:
3731:
3515:
3469:
2824:"GPLv3 - Transcript of Richard Stallman from the third international GPLv3 conference, Barcelona; 2006-06-22"
1397:
160:
77:
3023:
1637:
1159:-based operating systems have a different position on licensing. The main difference is the belief that the
743:) decided against adopting the GPLv3. On the other hand, in 2009, two years after the release of the GPLv3,
4438:
4088:
3942:
3736:
4969:
4050:
3957:
3792:
3479:
1262:
976:
301:
2559:
1062:
Restrictions on use of a software ("use restrictions") are generally unacceptable according to the FSF,
5037:
4917:
3947:
3832:
3609:
2585:
a new method of trying to deprive the users of freedom. In broad terms we refer to this as tivoization.
1512:
1387:
1247:
1164:
1135:
849:
625:
387:
5098:
5032:
4758:
4652:
4552:
4448:
4270:
4201:
4082:
3997:
3982:
3349:
1953:
1905:
1761:"Netscape Announces Plans to Make Next-Generation Communicator Source Code Available Free on the Net"
1561:
1199:' FileExchange repository offers the BSD license for user contributions but prevents with additional
696:
116:
1958:"(License-review) (License-discuss) CC0 incompliant with OSD on patents, (was: MXM compared to CC0)"
1489:
in Golden Gate University Law Review Volume 14, Issue 2, Article 3 by Jan L. Nussbaum (January 1984)
1293:
4942:
4507:
4410:
4077:
3874:
3827:
3812:
3764:
3574:
3416:
3412:
3396:
2872:
1183:
834:
830:
818:
774:
dethroned the GPLv2 as most popular free-software license to the second place while the permissive
3219:
2580:
2408:
5062:
4638:
4348:
4243:
4186:
3475:
1798:
1709:
888:
649:
613:
211:
3096:
3054:
3037:
2747:
Open-Source Software - Develop, share, and reuse open source software for public administrations
1234:(DFSG). The only notable cases where Debian and Free Software Foundation disagree are over the
4881:
4753:
4458:
4443:
4318:
4285:
4191:
4124:
4012:
3859:
3822:
3721:
3404:
2845:"Censorship envy and licensing — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software"
2470:
1857:
1458:
1330:
1131:
1083:
1063:
868:
861:
814:
806:
715:, while admitting that contrary to his previous claims copyright can be waived away, backed by
568:
283:
3193:
3137:
2021:
1586:
632:
2 of the GPL, released in 1991, went on to become the most widely used free-software license.
4901:
4743:
4695:
4453:
4323:
4166:
3987:
3782:
3713:
3646:
3118:
1871:
1691:
1392:
1025:
864:
regarding the fine line between what restrictions can be applied and still be called "free".
677:
669:
297:
240:
159:
which grants the recipient these rights. Software using such a license is free software (or
148:
2934:
2168:
defensible, and that the merging of other GPLv2-only code will force that issue in any case.
1090:
in 2005, as well as several software projects trying to exclude use by big cloud providers.
147:
is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and
4992:
4876:
4866:
4748:
4731:
4398:
4393:
4373:
4072:
4007:
4002:
3564:
3097:"Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses: Why don't you use the GPL for manuals?"
2438:
1204:
1179:
673:
641:
617:
306:
184:
Types of software license and similar licenses. The highlighted columns are free software.
3257:
2602:
2422:
License (LGPL) 3.0 2%, 9. Microsoft Public License 2%, 10. Eclipse Public License (EPL) 2%
2039:
2 or later,' that is compatible with GPLv3 because GPLv3 is one of the options it permits.
8:
4997:
4982:
4779:
4313:
4181:
3952:
3554:
2690:
2654:
2628:
1931:
1047:
810:
800:
712:
704:
217:
67:
1895:, 195 F. Supp. 2d 328 (D. Mass. 2002), on defendant's motion for preliminary injunction.
1768:
5057:
5047:
5002:
4716:
4631:
4577:
4481:
3499:
3354:
3082:
3069:"Why can't I use code from File Exchange in Octave? It's released under a BSD license!"
1269:, which was accepted by Open Source Initiative and Free Software Foundation but not by
1040:
952:
946:
884:
736:
589:
200:
36:
The free-software-licensing spectrum and some examples of programs under those licenses
5072:
5012:
4987:
4811:
4512:
4275:
4110:
4032:
3879:
3559:
3361:
2686:
2294:
2022:"Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses – Is GPLv3 compatible with GPLv2?"
1320:
license has been the GPLv2, in 2015, according to Black Duck Software the permissive
1075:
1036:
891:
of the author but allow practically all code use cases. Certain licenses, namely the
657:
573:
3138:"Draft Debian Position Statement about the GNU Free Documentation License (nerGFDL)"
2844:
1431:
875:
is restriction-free. Examples of public-domain-like licenses are, for instance, the
4886:
4703:
4592:
4537:
4497:
4378:
4216:
3797:
3167:
2497:"Various Licenses and Comments about Them - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
2074:
2 pretty closely matches what I think a license should do and so right now, Version
1565:
1407:
1235:
1032:
1016:
980:
910:
892:
740:
661:
582:
156:
5067:
5042:
5024:
4891:
4828:
4784:
4624:
4587:
4422:
4280:
4196:
4135:
4067:
2496:
1853:
1835:
1742:
1608:
956:
620:
is also one of the first free-software licenses, dating to 1988. In 1989, version
247:
236:
3484:
1046:
which doesn't have this characteristic. Non-copyleft licenses, such as the FOSS
4582:
4547:
4522:
4263:
4236:
4226:
3864:
3787:
3220:"Resolution: Why the GNU Free Documentation License is not suitable for Debian"
1345:
1325:
1043:
779:
775:
645:
279:
3448:
2764:
to re-distribute it under many licences (including non-free or 'proprietary').
163:) as conferred by the copyright holder. Free-software licenses are applied to
32:
5087:
4947:
4726:
4572:
4297:
4095:
4056:
3962:
3619:
3544:
3492:
3245:
1402:
1297:
716:
707:
and others. In 2012 the dispute was finally resolved when Rosen accepted the
191:
4527:
2858:
2238:
1008:
4871:
4833:
4821:
4796:
4607:
4532:
4368:
4353:
4290:
4248:
4231:
3937:
3894:
3807:
3189:
2900:
2886:
2802:
2255:
In 2001, VLC was released under the OSI-approved GNU General Public version
1828:
1735:
1285:
1243:
1168:
1134:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
724:
443:
222:
82:
3280:"Transcript of Richard Stallman at the 3nd international GPLv3 conference"
2717:"Should I use a permissive license? Copyleft? Or something in the middle?"
951:
During the 1990s, free-software licenses began including clauses, such as
5052:
4977:
4927:
4791:
4602:
4597:
4417:
4388:
4253:
4027:
3854:
3849:
2920:
2777:
1321:
1172:
1079:
964:
930:
926:
915:
845:
771:
748:
601:
578:
415:
275:
172:
168:
4664:
3459:
252:
Grants rights for noncommercial use only. May be combined with copyleft.
4959:
4932:
4896:
4383:
4206:
2442:
2098:
1569:
1352:
packages), and ASL. The GNU GPLv2+ was the single most popular license
1280:, which is incompatible with the GPL, was considered "non-free" by the
1211:
3464:
2992:"The SSPL is Not an Open Source License | Open Source Initiative"
782:'s packages revealed as most used licenses the GPL, MIT, BSD, and the
5007:
4954:
4850:
4838:
4258:
3884:
3356:
Open Source Licensing: Software Freedom and Intellectual Property Law
3005:
2539:"Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project"
2518:"Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project"
1935:
1261:
Examples of licenses that provoked debate were the 1.x series of the
1196:
609:
341:
270:
256:
152:
2790:
GPLv3 broke "the" GPL into incompatible forks that can't share code.
1562:"Montgomery EMACS : when did it leave the Public Domain ?"
668:) wrote their own FOSS licenses, or adapted existing licenses. This
4816:
4806:
4801:
4711:
4333:
3922:
3802:
3415:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
3324:
2991:
2181:
2154:
1909:
1191:
1160:
1051:
904:
841:
605:
336:
331:
205:
164:
92:
62:
43:
1487:
Puts the Byte Back into Copyright Protection for Computer Programs
4937:
4922:
4843:
4645:
4542:
3455:
The Free Software Foundation's list of free and non-free licenses
2291:"GPLv3 hits 50 percent adoption | The Open Road - CNET News"
1349:
732:
653:
96:
2803:"The HESSLA's Problems - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
4774:
2905:
1517:
1338:
1281:
1270:
1227:
1207:
1071:
1067:
767:
744:
2960:"Open source project adds "no military use" clause to the GPL"
3889:
2973:
2873:"A Peaceful Open Source License | Wise Earth Technology"
2599:"The Free-Libre / Open Source Software (FLOSS) License Slide"
1324:
dethroned the GPLv2 to the second place while the permissive
1187:
972:
876:
837:, maintains a non-exhaustive list of free-software licences.
728:
689:
326:
2921:"Evil, or why Douglas Crockford is harmful to Free Software"
778:
follows already at third place. In June 2016 an analysis of
1317:
1304:
1200:
1013:
968:
925:
Developers who use GPL code in their product must make the
2095:"7 Reasons Why Free Software Is Losing Influence: Page 2"
1854:"Report of License Proliferation Committee and draft FAQ"
963:
3 of the GNU GPL in 2006. In recent years, a term coined
880:
708:
321:
288:
27:
License allowing software modification and redistribution
3244:
3083:"Freedom or Power? by Bradley Kuhn and Richard Stallman"
235:
Grants use rights, including right to relicense (allows
151:
that software. These actions are usually prohibited by
2407:. Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from
1829:"The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits"
1736:"The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits"
1455:"What if copyright didn't apply to binary executables?"
986:
855:
640:
Starting in the mid-1990s and until the mid-2000s, the
2674:
Copyleft is the main source of compatibility problems.
2200:
1102:
824:
3470:
Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing
1485:
Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corporation
1301:
modification", especially for digital documentation.
3535:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
1378:
Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
1359:
794:
683:
From the free-software licenses, the GNU GPL version
998:
357:Frequently used protective and permissive licenses
4165:
3903:
3353:
1753:
1182:that only acknowledges the authors. For instance,
1086:to the GPL for the distributed computing software
909:The free-software share-alike licenses written by
571:. The CONTU decision plus court decisions such as
175:form, as the copyright law recognizes both forms.
3514:
3399:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2685:
2239:"VLC media player to remain under GNU GPL version
1253:
5085:
3212:
2935:"JSMin isn't welcome on Google Code - wonko.com"
2399:
2397:
1989:"The Curse of Open Source License Proliferation"
1661:"The Curse of Open Source License Proliferation"
1082:, the addition of a pacifist condition based on
929:available to anyone when they share or sell the
3282:. Free Software Foundation Europe. 22 June 2006
3182:
2703:GPLv3 authors' interpretation of copyright law.
2209:"What's up with DWG adoption in free software?"
2016:
2014:
809:(OSI) defines and maintains a list of approved
2318:"GPL, copyleft use declining faster than ever"
2088:
2086:
2070:3 reflects the FSF's goals and the GPL Version
1952:
1904:
4680:
4151:
3500:
2581:"Richard Stallman discusses changes in GPLv3"
2464:
2462:
2432:
2430:
2394:
1872:"Groklaw - The German GPL Order - Translated"
766:In 2015 according to Black Duck Software and
676:ecosystem due to the increased complexity of
616:, which was initially published in 1987. The
124:
3540:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
3300:
3188:
2743:"Licence Compatibility and Interoperability"
2282:
2011:
1689:
1513:"GNU Emacs Copying Permission Notice (1985)"
2769:
2708:
2468:
2083:
2044:
1284:project around 2006, Nathanael Nerode, and
4687:
4673:
4158:
4144:
3507:
3493:
3256:. FLOSS Manuals Foundation. Archived from
3155:
3135:
2459:
2427:
2236:
2206:
1936:"Placing documents into the public domain"
1683:
1230:project uses the criteria laid out in its
860:There exists an ongoing debate within the
131:
117:
4694:
3465:Open Source Initiative's list of licenses
3435:Learn how and when to remove this message
2625:"How GPLv3 tackles license proliferation"
2439:"Open source license usage on GitHub.com"
2207:Prokoudine, Alexandre (26 January 2012).
1930:
1893:Progress Software Corporation v. MySQL AB
4329:Business models for open-source software
3055:"File Exchange Licensing Transition FAQ"
2346:
2315:
2230:
2211:. libregraphicsworld.org. Archived from
1991:. socializedsoftware.com. Archived from
1838:press - durham and london. p. 100.
1663:. socializedsoftware.com. Archived from
1492:
1316:While historically the most widely used
1007:
1003:
672:was later recognized as problem for the
557:History of free and open-source software
31:
3162:Nerode, Nathanael (24 September 2003).
2714:
2651:European Open source Lawyers Event 2008
2642:LAURENT, Philippe (24 September 2008).
2641:
2597:Wheeler, David A. (27 September 2007).
2596:
2471:"Software Licenses in Fedora Ecosystem"
2179:
2092:
2051:Kerner, Sean Michael (8 January 2008).
1910:"Why the public domain isn't a license"
1745:press - durham and london. p. 99.
1452:
1425:
1093:
14:
5094:Free and open-source software licenses
5086:
3303:"GPL use in Debian on the rise: study"
3161:
2735:
2715:Hanwell, Marcus D. (28 January 2014).
2436:
2376:"On the continuing decline of the GPL"
2373:
2152:
2124:"MySQL changes license to avoid GPLv3"
2050:
1634:Fsfe - Free Software Foundation Europe
1498:Lemley, Menell, Merges and Samuelson.
4668:
4518:Organization for Transformative Works
4139:
3488:
3348:
2749:. joinup.ec.europa.eu. Archived from
1826:
1733:
1559:
1210:software, for instance with the FOSS
1178:As a result, BSD code can be used in
1012:License compatibility between common
940:
840:The Free Software Foundation prefers
701:Why the public domain isn't a license
4063:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
3379:
3194:"stepping in between Debian and FSF"
3119:"Re: Proposed statement wrt GNU FDL"
3116:
2657:– Belgium. p. 7. Archived from
2644:"The GPLv3 and compatibility issues"
2374:Aslett, Matthew (15 December 2011).
2347:Proffitt, Brian (16 December 2011).
2316:Proffitt, Brian (16 December 2011).
2288:
1986:
1658:
1370:Free and open-source software portal
1106:
987:Attribution, disclaimers and notices
856:Conditions in free-software licenses
3530:Alternative terms for free software
3164:"Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL"
2775:
2093:Byfield, Bruce (22 November 2011).
1765:Netscape Communications Corporation
1103:Permissive versus copyleft opinions
887:might carry small obligations like
825:FSF-approved free-software licenses
24:
3870:Python Software Foundation License
3451:, by the Free Software Foundation.
1446:
1267:RealNetworks Public Source License
25:
5110:
3933:Definition of Free Cultural Works
3550:Free software project directories
3460:Debian's license information page
3375:
2180:Landley, Rob (9 September 2006).
1767:. 22 January 1998. Archived from
1587:"Free Software - GPL Enforcement"
1453:Hancock, Terry (29 August 2008).
1057:
795:OSI-approved open-source licenses
635:
4339:Commercial use of copyleft works
4120:
4119:
4109:
3570:Open-source software development
3384:
3325:"Surveying open source licenses"
3301:Sam Varghese (7 February 2012).
2859:"Distinctive Features of SQLite"
2130:. 4 January 2007. Archived from
1960:. opensource.org. Archived from
1560:Rubin, Paul (12 December 1985).
1362:
1344:In June 2016 an analysis of the
1111:
999:Practical problems with licenses
517:
4319:Alternative compensation system
3928:Debian Free Software Guidelines
3760:Free Software Movement of India
3317:
3294:
3272:
3238:
3196:. lists.debian.org/debian-legal
3129:
3110:
3089:
3075:
3061:
3047:
3030:
3016:
2998:
2984:
2966:
2952:
2927:
2913:
2893:
2879:
2865:
2851:
2837:
2816:
2795:
2679:
2635:
2617:
2590:
2573:
2552:
2531:
2510:
2489:
2367:
2340:
2309:
2293:. News.cnet.com. Archived from
2173:
2146:
2128:Computer business review online
2116:
1980:
1946:
1924:
1898:
1885:
1864:
1846:
1820:
1801:. 31 March 1999. Archived from
1787:
1727:
1706:"SourceForge.net: Software Map"
1698:
1652:
1622:
1383:Developer Certificate of Origin
1311:
1290:Debian Free Software Guidelines
1232:Debian Free Software Guidelines
833:, the group that maintains the
4503:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3024:"FreeBSD der unbekannte Riese"
2053:"Torvalds Still Keen On GPLv2"
1708:. Dwheeler.com. Archived from
1601:
1579:
1553:
1532:
1505:
1477:
1419:
1278:GNU Free Documentation License
1254:Controversial borderline cases
1240:GNU Free Documentation License
1084:Asimov's First Law of Robotics
955:, in order to protect against
789:
262:No information is made public
259:; no rights need to be granted
50:Articles on copyleft licensing
13:
1:
4344:Commons-based peer production
4212:Legal aspects of file sharing
3918:Contributor License Agreement
3732:Open-source-software movement
3516:Free and open-source software
3342:
2182:"Re: Move GPLv2 vs v3 fun..."
1827:Kelty, Christpher M. (2008).
1734:Kelty, Christpher M. (2008).
1398:List of free-content licences
1155:Many users and developers of
178:
161:free and open-source software
103:Category:Free and open-source
78:Free and open-source software
4439:Access to Knowledge movement
4089:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
3943:The Free Software Definition
3449:The Free Software Definition
3026:(in German). 30 August 2023.
2469:Anwesha Das (22 June 2016).
2437:Balter, Ben (9 March 2015).
628:(GPL) was published. Version
561:
7:
4970:Software release life cycle
3993:Mozilla software rebranding
3958:Permissive software license
3480:Software Freedom Law Center
2289:Asay, Matt (23 July 2009).
1355:
1263:Apple Public Source License
1203:any usage beside their own
1163:licenses, particularly the
977:Apple Public Source License
898:
770:statistics, the permissive
312:private, internal software
246:Grants use rights, forbids
10:
5115:
5038:Software protection dongle
4918:Unwanted software bundling
3998:Proprietary device drivers
3948:The Open Source Definition
3476:A 45-page licensing primer
3472:, by Andrew M. St. Laurent
3136:Srivastava, Manoj (2006).
3006:"OpenBSD Copyright Policy"
2351:. IT world. Archived from
1426:Wheeler, David A. (2015).
1388:End-user license agreement
1308:software for any purpose.
1276:Also, the FSF recommended
1248:GNU General Public License
1165:GNU General Public License
1023:
944:
902:
873:public-domain-like license
850:GNU General Public License
798:
626:GNU General Public License
554:
550:
5033:Digital rights management
5023:
4968:
4910:
4859:
4767:
4702:
4616:
4565:
4553:Students for Free Culture
4490:
4474:
4467:
4449:Cultural environmentalism
4431:
4406:Prizes instead of patents
4306:
4202:Digital rights management
4174:
4105:
4083:Source-available software
4041:
3983:Digital rights management
3975:
3773:
3750:
3712:
3588:
3522:
2153:corbet (1 October 2006).
2078:2 is where the kernel is.
1692:"Estimating Linux's Size"
1678:zlib/lippng License 0.64%
1500:Software and Internet Law
1221:
1126:toward certain viewpoints
316:
266:
228:
4911:Deceptive and/or illicit
4508:Free Software Foundation
4078:Shared Source Initiative
3875:Shared Source Initiative
3828:Free Software Foundation
3765:Free Software Foundation
3615:Configuration management
3246:FLOSS Manuals Foundation
1413:
1292:when the controversial "
1184:Microsoft Windows NT 3.1
1039:, who provides the more
835:Free Software Definition
831:Free Software Foundation
819:Free Software Definition
754:
595:
5063:Software license server
4639:RiP!: A Remix Manifesto
4349:Electronic sell-through
4244:Monopolies of knowledge
4187:Censorship by copyright
4013:SCO/Linux controversies
2887:"Non-military Use Only"
2778:"CELF 2013 Toybox talk"
1799:Netscape Communications
1428:"The fight for freedom"
871:" and software under a
862:free-software community
650:Netscape Communications
614:GNU Compiler Collection
4739:Freely redistributable
4653:The Internet's Own Boy
4459:Free software movement
4286:software patent debate
4192:Copyright infringement
3913:Comparison of licenses
3722:Free software movement
2237:Denis-Courmont, RĂ©mi.
1858:Open Source Initiative
1459:Free Software Magazine
1331:University of Victoria
1246:setup, along with the
1021:
869:public-domain software
815:Open Source Definition
807:Open Source Initiative
600:In the mid-1980s, the
569:public-domain software
37:
4902:Software as a service
4696:Software distribution
4454:Free-culture movement
4364:Libertarian positions
4359:Free-software license
4324:Anti-copyright notice
4167:Intellectual property
3988:License proliferation
3226:. February–March 2006
1393:License-free software
1026:License compatibility
1011:
1004:License compatibility
945:Further information:
678:license compatibility
670:License proliferation
583:licensing of software
317:Other creative works
241:license compatibility
145:free-software license
73:Free-software license
35:
18:Free software licence
4993:Software maintenance
4867:Digital distribution
4722:Free and open-source
4374:Open-design movement
4073:Open-source hardware
4008:Proprietary software
4003:Proprietary firmware
3704:Formerly open-source
3699:Formerly proprietary
3565:Open-source software
3405:improve this article
3192:(2 September 2003).
1932:Bernstein, Daniel J.
1180:proprietary software
1094:Definition conflicts
811:open-source licenses
699:argued in the essay
674:Free and open-source
618:original BSD license
497:Granularity / reach
307:proprietary software
208:(protective license)
4998:Software maintainer
4780:Commercial software
4768:Compensation models
4314:All rights reversed
4182:Artificial scarcity
3953:Open-source license
3555:Gratis versus libre
3417:footnote references
3260:on 28 February 2008
3117:Braakman, Richard.
2691:"GPL compatibility"
2655:University of Namur
2328:on 4 September 2017
2155:"Busy busy busybox"
1987:Mark (8 May 2008).
1860:. 12 December 2007.
1712:on 13 February 2017
1659:Mark (8 May 2008).
1132:improve the article
1048:permissive licenses
885:Permissive licenses
801:Open-source license
713:open source license
705:Daniel J. Bernstein
695:Around 2004 lawyer
358:
344:, no public license
309:, no public license
255:Traditional use of
218:Proprietary license
185:
68:Open-source license
5058:Software copyright
5048:Product activation
5003:Software publisher
4717:Floating licensing
4632:Good Copy Bad Copy
4578:Alexandra Elbakyan
4482:Copyright Alliance
3254:FLOSS Manuals Blog
2994:. 19 January 2021.
2923:. 8 November 2012.
2382:on 9 December 2016
2355:on 3 December 2013
2297:on 29 October 2013
2215:on 9 November 2016
2134:on 6 February 2007
2055:. internetnews.com
2035:under GPL 'version
1995:on 8 December 2015
1690:David A. Wheeler.
1667:on 8 December 2015
1465:on 25 January 2016
1022:
953:patent retaliation
947:Patent retaliation
941:Patent retaliation
356:
201:Permissive license
183:
90:Higher categories:
38:
5081:
5080:
5073:Torrent poisoning
4988:Long-term support
4812:Pay what you want
4662:
4661:
4561:
4560:
4513:Open Rights Group
4133:
4132:
4033:Trusted Computing
4023:Software security
3971:
3970:
3652:Operating systems
3560:Long-term support
3445:
3444:
3437:
3367:978-0-13-148787-1
3360:. Prentice Hall.
3170:on 9 October 2003
2978:commonsclause.com
2962:. 14 August 2006.
2687:Apache foundation
2405:"Top 20 licenses"
1294:invariant section
1190:have proprietary
1153:
1152:
1076:Douglas Crockford
1037:Apache Foundation
1017:software licenses
893:copyleft licenses
658:Apache foundation
574:Apple v. Franklin
548:
547:
351:
350:
232:Grants all rights
141:
140:
105:software licenses
16:(Redirected from
5106:
5099:Terms of service
4887:Product bundling
4860:Delivery methods
4759:Source-available
4689:
4682:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4593:Richard Stallman
4538:Public Knowledge
4498:Creative Commons
4472:
4471:
4379:Open music model
4160:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4122:
4113:
4018:Software patents
3901:
3900:
3813:Creative Commons
3672:Web applications
3509:
3502:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3440:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3359:
3352:(22 July 2004).
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3250:"License Change"
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3166:. Archived from
3159:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2719:. opensource.com
2712:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2627:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2601:. Archived from
2594:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2378:. Archived from
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2324:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1964:on 12 March 2016
1956:(8 March 2012).
1950:
1944:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:on 26 March 2014
1791:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1636:. Archived from
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1461:. Archived from
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1430:. Archived from
1423:
1408:Software license
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1236:Artistic License
1148:
1145:
1139:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1033:copyleft license
994:
981:software patents
962:
911:Richard Stallman
817:rather than the
741:VLC media player
686:
631:
623:
523:Trademark grant
471:Proprietization
359:
355:
186:
182:
171:and also binary
157:software license
133:
126:
119:
40:
39:
21:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5068:Software patent
5043:License manager
5025:Copy protection
5019:
4964:
4906:
4892:Retail software
4855:
4829:Open-core model
4785:Retail software
4763:
4698:
4693:
4663:
4658:
4625:Steal This Film
4612:
4588:Lawrence Lessig
4557:
4486:
4463:
4427:
4423:Video on demand
4302:
4197:Copyright troll
4170:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4101:
4068:Open-core model
4043:
4037:
3967:
3905:
3899:
3769:
3746:
3708:
3591:
3584:
3518:
3513:
3441:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3402:
3393:This article's
3389:
3385:
3378:
3368:
3350:Rosen, Lawrence
3345:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3248:(6 June 2007).
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3199:
3197:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3160:
3156:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3125:(Mailing list).
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2756:
2754:
2753:on 17 June 2015
2741:
2740:
2736:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2709:
2695:
2693:
2689:(30 May 2015).
2684:
2680:
2667:
2665:
2664:on 4 March 2016
2661:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2605:on 9 March 2011
2595:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2476:
2474:
2473:. anweshadas.in
2467:
2460:
2447:
2445:
2435:
2428:
2414:
2412:
2411:on 19 July 2016
2403:
2402:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2012:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1981:
1967:
1965:
1951:
1947:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1908:(25 May 2004).
1903:
1899:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1836:Duke University
1831:
1825:
1821:
1808:
1806:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1774:
1772:
1771:on 1 April 2007
1759:
1758:
1754:
1743:Duke University
1738:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1688:
1684:
1670:
1668:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1640:on 15 June 2010
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1314:
1256:
1224:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1060:
1028:
1006:
1001:
992:
989:
960:
957:software patent
949:
943:
907:
901:
858:
827:
803:
797:
792:
757:
684:
638:
629:
621:
598:
564:
559:
553:
444:Patent trolling
248:proprietization
237:proprietization
181:
137:
104:
87:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5112:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4583:Rick Falkvinge
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4548:Shadow library
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4523:The Pirate Bay
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4444:Anti-copyright
4441:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4264:Bioprospecting
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Bioinformatics
3602:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3397:external links
3392:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3376:External links
3374:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3316:
3293:
3271:
3237:
3224:Debian Project
3211:
3181:
3154:
3128:
3109:
3088:
3074:
3060:
3046:
3038:"terms of use"
3029:
3015:
2997:
2983:
2965:
2951:
2926:
2912:
2892:
2878:
2864:
2850:
2836:
2815:
2794:
2776:Landley, Rob.
2768:
2734:
2707:
2678:
2634:
2631:on 2 May 2013.
2616:
2589:
2572:
2551:
2530:
2509:
2488:
2458:
2426:
2393:
2366:
2339:
2308:
2281:
2245:. videolan.org
2229:
2199:
2172:
2145:
2115:
2082:
2043:
2010:
1979:
1954:Lawrence Rosen
1945:
1923:
1912:. rosenlaw.com
1906:Lawrence Rosen
1897:
1884:
1863:
1845:
1819:
1786:
1752:
1726:
1697:
1682:
1651:
1621:
1609:"GCC Releases"
1600:
1589:. Tech Insider
1578:
1552:
1531:
1504:
1491:
1476:
1445:
1434:on 4 July 2017
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1357:
1354:
1346:Fedora Project
1326:Apache License
1313:
1310:
1255:
1252:
1223:
1220:
1151:
1150:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1059:
1058:Purpose of use
1056:
1044:Apache license
1024:Main article:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
988:
985:
942:
939:
903:Main article:
900:
897:
857:
854:
826:
823:
799:Main article:
796:
793:
791:
788:
780:Fedora Project
776:Apache license
756:
753:
697:Lawrence Rosen
646:Dot-com bubble
637:
636:1990s to 2000s
634:
597:
594:
563:
560:
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
520:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
349:
348:
345:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
314:
313:
310:
304:
295:
286:
273:
268:
264:
263:
260:
253:
250:
244:
233:
230:
226:
225:
220:
215:
209:
203:
198:
189:
180:
177:
139:
138:
136:
135:
128:
121:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
86:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
57:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5111:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:Pre-installed
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Public domain
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:Documentaries
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Cory Doctorow
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:Pro-copyright
4473:
4470:
4468:Organizations
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4298:Public domain
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4096:Revolution OS
4093:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4057:GNU Manifesto
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3963:Public domain
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3752:Organisations
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:Office suites
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Free software
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3428:
3418:
3414:
3413:inappropriate
3410:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3326:
3320:
3304:
3297:
3281:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2993:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2780:. landley.net
2779:
2772:
2765:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2731:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2675:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2244:
2233:
2226:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Public domain
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:FLOSS Manuals
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1175:may be used.
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1120:This section
1118:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1010:
996:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
958:
954:
948:
938:
934:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
912:
906:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
853:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
802:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
720:
718:
717:Ninth circuit
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
633:
627:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
593:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
558:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
361:
360:
354:
346:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
303:
299:
296:
294:
290:
287:
285:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
251:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
221:
219:
216:
213:
212:Noncommercial
210:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
193:
192:Public domain
190:
188:
187:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
134:
129:
127:
122:
120:
115:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
100:
99:
98:
94:
91:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
59:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
34:
30:
19:
4943:Trojan horse
4872:File sharing
4834:Postcardware
4822:Donationware
4797:Crowdfunding
4744:License-free
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4608:Aaron Swartz
4533:Pirate Party
4491:Pro-copyleft
4369:Open content
4358:
4354:Free content
4254:Orphan works
4249:Music piracy
4094:
4087:
4055:
3938:Free license
3774:
3684:Android apps
3431:
3422:
3407:by removing
3394:
3355:
3329:. Retrieved
3319:
3307:. Retrieved
3305:. Itwire.com
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3258:the original
3253:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3223:
3214:
3205:
3198:. Retrieved
3190:Bruce Perens
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:the original
3157:
3148:
3143:25 September
3141:. Retrieved
3131:
3123:Debian-legal
3122:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3091:
3077:
3063:
3049:
3041:
3032:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2915:
2904:
2895:
2881:
2867:
2853:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2797:
2789:
2782:. Retrieved
2771:
2762:
2755:. Retrieved
2751:the original
2746:
2737:
2728:
2721:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2694:. Retrieved
2681:
2673:
2666:. Retrieved
2659:the original
2650:
2637:
2629:the original
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2603:the original
2592:
2584:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2475:. Retrieved
2453:
2446:. Retrieved
2420:
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2384:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:the original
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2326:the original
2321:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:the original
2284:
2254:
2247:. Retrieved
2232:
2224:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:the original
2202:
2193:
2186:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2159:. Retrieved
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2127:
2118:
2110:
2103:. Retrieved
2064:
2057:. Retrieved
2046:
2033:
2026:. Retrieved
2004:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:the original
1982:
1973:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1948:
1939:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1900:
1892:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1866:
1848:
1839:
1822:
1814:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1789:
1780:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1755:
1746:
1729:
1721:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1700:
1685:
1676:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:the original
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1581:
1573:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:the original
1421:
1343:
1336:
1315:
1312:Market share
1303:
1286:Bruce Perens
1275:
1260:
1257:
1244:dual-license
1225:
1216:
1201:terms of use
1177:
1154:
1141:
1121:
1097:
1087:
1061:
1029:
990:
950:
935:
924:
920:quid pro quo
919:
908:
866:
859:
839:
828:
804:
765:
760:
758:
725:Linux kernel
721:
700:
694:
682:
639:
599:
587:
577:in 1983 for
572:
565:
352:
347:unpublished
229:Description
223:Trade secret
149:redistribute
144:
142:
89:
88:
83:Royalty-free
72:
29:
5053:Product key
4983:End-of-life
4978:Abandonware
4928:Infostealer
4877:On-premises
4792:Crippleware
4749:Proprietary
4732:Open source
4603:Peter Sunde
4598:Peter Suber
4418:Share-alike
4389:Open source
4384:Open patent
4028:Tivoization
3667:Video games
3642:Mathematics
3425:August 2014
3331:2 September
3309:2 September
2609:28 November
2448:21 November
2415:19 November
2386:17 February
2332:17 February
2301:2 September
2249:21 November
2188:21 November
2161:21 November
2138:21 November
2066:GPL Version
2059:12 February
1999:30 November
1968:22 February
1916:22 February
1716:17 November
1671:30 November
1438:17 February
1322:MIT license
1205:proprietary
1173:source code
1169:BSD license
1080:Google Code
1020:licenses").
965:tivoization
931:object code
927:source code
916:share alike
889:attribution
846:share-alike
790:Definitions
772:MIT license
749:Google Code
719:decisions.
664:, see also
642:open-source
602:GNU project
579:object code
416:Tivoization
196:equivalents
173:object-code
169:source code
5088:Categories
4960:Shovelware
4933:Ransomware
4897:Sneakernet
4528:PiratbyrĂĄn
4276:biological
4207:Gripe site
3976:Challenges
3694:Commercial
3677:E-commerce
3662:Television
3343:References
3174:7 November
2443:github.com
2219:5 December
2099:Datamation
1809:10 January
1782:businesses
1524:8 November
1469:25 January
1214:software.
1212:GNU Octave
1124:unbalanced
1041:permissive
805:The group
590:permissive
555:See also:
388:SaaS/cloud
179:Comparison
5008:Vaporware
4955:Scareware
4851:Trialware
4839:Shareware
4432:Movements
4259:Biopiracy
3906:standards
3904:Types and
3885:Unlicense
3880:Sleepycat
3714:Community
3409:excessive
3327:. Lwn.net
2939:wonko.com
2784:21 August
2359:23 August
2157:. lwn.net
2105:23 August
2024:. gnu.org
2006:versions.
1570:net.emacs
1566:Newsgroup
1197:MathWorks
1192:IP stacks
1144:July 2020
1136:talk page
883:license.
761:451 Group
666:this list
624:1 of the
610:GNU Emacs
604:produced
562:Pre-1980s
342:Copyright
271:Unlicense
267:Software
257:copyright
153:copyright
4817:Careware
4807:Freeware
4802:Freemium
4712:Beerware
4704:Licenses
4411:contests
4399:software
4394:hardware
4334:Copyleft
4307:Concepts
4291:trolling
4281:software
4169:activism
4125:Category
4042:Related
3923:Copyleft
3843:GNU LGPL
3838:GNU AGPL
3803:Beerware
3798:Artistic
3775:Licenses
3742:Advocacy
3689:iOS apps
3630:Wireless
3625:Graphics
3592:packages
3590:Software
3580:Timeline
3200:20 March
2829:19 March
2808:19 March
2565:19 March
2544:19 March
2523:19 March
2502:19 March
1934:(2004).
1877:19 March
1775:8 August
1644:19 March
1614:19 March
1502:, p. 34.
1356:See also
1238:and the
1161:copyleft
1052:copyleft
905:copyleft
899:Copyleft
879:and the
842:copyleft
606:copyleft
592:" kind.
376:LGPLv2.1
337:CC BY-NC
332:CC BY-SA
206:Copyleft
165:software
93:Software
63:Copyleft
44:Copyleft
4938:Spyware
4923:Malware
4844:Nagware
4646:TPB AFK
4543:Sci-Hub
4271:Patents
4222:digital
4051:Forking
3833:GNU GPL
3727:History
3657:Routing
3620:Drivers
3575:Outline
3523:General
3403:Please
3395:use of
3286:23 July
3264:20 June
3230:20 June
3102:20 June
3011:OpenBSD
2477:27 June
2322:ITworld
2269:version
2264:version
2184:lwn.net
1568::
1545:15 July
1350:texlive
1130:Please
1122:may be
737:Blender
733:BusyBox
654:Mozilla
551:History
512:Library
509:Library
506:Project
503:Project
500:Project
489:Partial
486:Partial
483:Partial
214:license
97:freedom
4775:Adware
4566:People
4237:videos
4217:Mashup
4175:Issues
4115:Portal
4044:topics
3865:Python
3788:Apache
3737:Events
3637:Health
3610:Codecs
3364:
2974:"Home"
2944:1 June
2906:GitHub
2757:30 May
2723:30 May
2696:30 May
2668:30 May
2275:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2241:
2195:GPLv2.
2076:
2072:
2068:
2037:
2028:3 June
1518:GitHub
1339:GitHub
1282:Debian
1271:Debian
1228:Debian
1222:Debian
1208:MATLAB
1072:SQLite
1068:Debian
993:
961:
918:" or "
867:Only "
768:GitHub
745:Google
685:
660:, and
648:time,
630:
622:
373:LGPLv3
364:AGPLv3
280:Apache
194:&
55:Topics
4232:novel
4227:music
3890:WTFPL
3600:Audio
2662:(PDF)
2647:(PDF)
1832:(PDF)
1739:(PDF)
1593:1 May
1414:Notes
1188:macOS
973:GPLv3
877:WTFPL
755:2010s
729:MySQL
690:MySQL
596:1980s
379:MPL-2
370:GPLv2
367:GPLv3
327:CC BY
5013:list
4948:Worm
4727:Free
3895:zlib
3818:CDDL
3793:APSL
3362:ISBN
3333:2013
3311:2013
3288:2017
3266:2009
3232:2009
3202:2016
3176:2011
3145:2007
3104:2009
2946:2024
2831:2015
2810:2015
2786:2013
2759:2015
2725:2015
2698:2015
2670:2015
2611:2015
2567:2015
2546:2015
2525:2015
2504:2015
2484:ASL.
2479:2016
2450:2015
2417:2015
2388:2016
2361:2013
2334:2016
2303:2013
2251:2015
2221:2015
2190:2015
2163:2015
2140:2016
2107:2013
2101:.com
2061:2015
2030:2014
2001:2015
1970:2016
1918:2016
1891:See
1879:2015
1811:2013
1777:2013
1718:2008
1673:2015
1646:2015
1616:2015
1595:2015
1547:2021
1526:2015
1471:2016
1440:2016
1318:FOSS
1305:SLUC
1226:The
1186:and
1014:FOSS
969:TiVo
829:The
784:LGPL
515:File
382:BSD
320:PD,
302:AFPL
293:AGPL
3860:MPL
3855:MIT
3850:ISC
3823:EPL
3808:BSD
3783:AFL
3478:by
3411:or
1157:BSD
1088:GPU
1064:OSI
881:CC0
711:as
709:CC0
662:Sun
544:No
535:Yes
529:Yes
526:Yes
492:No
480:Yes
477:Yes
474:Yes
466:No
457:Yes
451:Yes
448:Yes
438:No
429:Yes
423:Yes
420:Yes
410:No
392:Yes
322:CC0
298:JRL
289:GPL
284:MPL
276:MIT
167:in
5090::
3252:.
3222:.
3204:.
3147:.
3121:.
3040:.
3008:.
2976:.
2937:.
2903:.
2788:.
2761:.
2745:.
2727:.
2700:.
2672:.
2653:.
2649:.
2583:.
2481:.
2461:^
2452:.
2441:.
2429:^
2419:.
2396:^
2320:.
2277:2.
2253:.
2243:2"
2223:.
2192:.
2165:.
2126:.
2109:.
2097:.
2085:^
2063:.
2032:.
2013:^
2003:.
1972:.
1938:.
1856:.
1834:.
1813:.
1797:.
1779:.
1763:.
1741:.
1720:.
1675:.
1632:.
1572:.
1564:.
1515:.
1457:.
1337:A
1273:.
1250:.
1066:,
983:.
852:.
786:.
751:.
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
656:,
585:.
541:No
518:—
463:No
460:No
454:No
435:No
432:No
426:No
407:No
404:No
401:No
398:No
395:No
300:,
291:,
282:,
278:,
239:,
143:A
95:,
4688:e
4681:t
4674:v
4159:e
4152:t
4145:v
3508:e
3501:t
3494:v
3438:)
3432:(
3427:)
3423:(
3419:.
3401:.
3370:.
3335:.
3313:.
3290:.
3268:.
3234:.
3178:.
3106:.
3085:.
3071:.
3057:.
2980:.
2948:.
2909:.
2889:.
2875:.
2861:.
2847:.
2833:.
2812:.
2613:.
2569:.
2548:.
2527:.
2506:.
2390:.
2363:.
2336:.
2305:.
2142:.
1920:.
1881:.
1694:.
1648:.
1618:.
1597:.
1549:.
1528:.
1473:.
1442:.
1146:)
1142:(
1138:.
1128:.
844:(
723:(
538:?
532:?
243:)
132:e
125:t
118:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.