83:
3001:
105:
3162:
887:
937:
1735:
1043:
evidence of the outstanding calibre of the French soldiers, heirs of the noblest traditions of the French Army. Nevertheless, not satisfied with this, you and all your people have added a new epic chapter to the history of France; you have gladdened the hearts of your compatriots, giving them comfort and hope as they languish under the heavy and humiliating yoke of a hated invader. . . . With my deepest gratitude for the tremendous contribution that you have made to our joint victories, my dear
General.
899:. Used to mountain fighting, the FEC pushed back the German 5th Mountain Division taking Monte Belvedere and Colle Abate but stopped before being able to take Monte Cifalco after suffering heavy casualties and lacking reinforcements. The Allied command decided to settle down to reinforce and reorganise for a spring campaign code-named ‘‘Diadem’’ set for May 11. New units were added: The 1st French Motorized Division, the 4th Moroccan Mountain Division, as well as another group of Tabors, the 1st GTM.
1053:
about women and children being violated, goods looted, money stolen and even murder, General Clark was appalled. He contacted Juin who immediately ordered that the offenders be caught and summarily punished. Analysis of French military archives suggests that some 360 Expeditionary Corps soldiers were brought before the military courts for violent crimes committed against thousands of civilians during the
Italian campaign; some were executed, the rest imprisoned.
44:
1986:
985:
this performance, which was to be a key to the success of the entire drive on Rome, I shall always be a grateful admirer of
General Juin and his magnificent FEC... The 8th Army’s delay made Juin’s task more difficult because he was moving forward so rapidly that his right flank---adjacent to the British---constantly was exposed to counter-attacks.
1052:
At the height of their reputation as the best mountain fighters in the Allied camp, soon came reports of extensive violence by the French forces, most notably during the advance on Rome, when the
Moroccan Goumiers went on a rampage of rape and looting. When reports reached the Fifth Army headquarters
984:
were seized in one of the most brilliant and daring advances of the war in Italy, and by May 16 the French
Expeditionary Corps had thrust forward some ten miles on their left flank to Mount Revole, with the remainder of their front slanting back somewhat to keep contact with the British 8th Army. For
520:
The corps distinguished itself in battles, sweeping across mountain ranges with astonishing speed and efficiency, however that success was tarnished by the large numbers of rapes and murders and incidents of looting inflicted on the local
Italian population. In August 1944 the corps was withdrawn and
1061:
personally objecting to the further use of the tribesmen in Europe. In an audience granted to
General de Gaulle, the pope complained about the rape and pillage. As a result of the discussion, the proposed participation of the Moroccan Goums in Operation Dragoon was canceled before being reinstated
1056:
These crimes tarnished the honour of the French army in Italy and horrified Juin and the rest of the French command. The French officers punished with equal brutality, shooting and sometimes hanging the offenders. 207 more soldiers were found guilty of sexual violence. The horrors even came to the
1042:
For me, it has been a deep source of satisfaction to see how the vital part played by the French troops of the Fifth Army throughout our
Italian campaign against the common enemy has been universally acknowledged. During these long months, I have had the real privilege of seeing for myself the
927:
valley fighting against XIII Corps. The
Germans were consequently forced to withdraw allowing XIII Corps to advance up the Liri valley and the Polish Corps on the right to occupy on 18 May the heights of Monte Cassino and the abbey reduced to rubble on top of it.
968:. The 1st Motorized Division helped the 2nd Moroccan division take key Mount Girofano and then advanced rapidly north to S. Apollinare and S. Ambrogio In spite of the stiffening enemy resistance, the 2nd Moroccan Division penetrated the
894:
The first of the FEC troops at the front was the 2nd
Moroccan Division with the 4th GTM attached, in January the 3rd Algerian Division joined the Moroccans. It was positioned in the high mountains at the extreme right of the
902:
In the next two battles, much smaller affairs on a narrow front around Cassino town, the corps was not involved. For the fourth and final battle the Fifth Army's front had been compressed towards the coast to allow the
964:. It was not easy. As always, the German veterans reacted strongly and there was bitter fighting. The French surprised the enemy and quickly seized key terrain including Mounts Faito Cerasola and high ground near
599:
and were grouped in units called "tabor" with tribal or direct family ties, there were 7,833 Moroccan Goumiers in total. French North African units consisted of indigenous, volunteer or conscripted soldiers
446:
720:
976:
swarmed over the hills, particularly at night, and General Juin’s entire force showed an aggressiveness hour after hour that the Germans could not withstand. Cerasola, San Giogrio, Mt. D’Oro,
1426:
2516:
1013:
The casualties for the campaign were approximately 6,500 killed in action, 2,000 missing and 23,000 wounded. The combatants of the C.E.F. rest in the French military cemeteries of
2435:
3988:
2552:
3983:
2471:
3640:
3635:
3488:
2534:
4003:
2913:
2656:
2426:
3529:
2649:
2244:
2130:
2119:
3595:
3737:
3942:
3704:
3645:
1831:
1974:
3590:
1692:
2949:
2285:
200:
2967:
1873:
989:
The battle for the Gustav Line had been difficult for the FEC. It had been involved in violent combat in the mountains. Then, while Clark entered
2897:
2842:
1967:
1701:
3921:
2989:
422:
3860:
3273:
2757:
2262:
1382:
1327:
3059:
2954:
2694:
2414:
1723:
577:
for a total of 112,000 men divided into four divisions. Most of the African troops of the French Expeditionary Corps had grown up in the
502:
92:
2939:
1866:
1680:
2905:
1838:
919:
which the Germans had considered impassable by modern infantry. The progress made by the corps and in particular the lightly loaded
3993:
3978:
621:
2525:
3263:
1946:
2824:
3253:
557:, drew on this military personnel to create the CEF (Corp Expeditionnaire Français). The CEF was made up of two-thirds native
296:
3886:
1909:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1585:
1564:
1543:
1522:
1501:
1480:
1459:
193:
3338:
2860:
2293:
2254:
2091:
1925:
923:, capturing Monte Maio and pushing deep into the Aurunci, threatened the flanks of the German forces on their right in the
434:
2882:
1065:
According to Italian sources, more than 7,000 people were raped by Goumiers. A monument was erected in remembrance of the
3386:
2200:
495:
3840:
2982:
2944:
2789:
2489:
2217:
1953:
633:
3268:
1960:
1038:
In a letter to Marechal Juin, General Mark Clark paid tribute to the Tirailleur units and Goumiers of the CEF :
3873:
3036:
3031:
2997:
4008:
3998:
3220:
2729:
2347:
716:
517:
and led by French officers. Overall approximately 60% of the Expeditionary Corps was composed of colonial troops.
186:
3026:
2209:
3830:
3094:
3021:
1731:
1716:
781:
705:
671:
487:
146:
2245:
3786:
3692:
3139:
3134:
3129:
2387:
810:
775:
744:
2402:
3845:
3108:
3089:
2975:
2890:
2715:
2394:
2174:
2165:
1859:
1689:
3937:
3932:
904:
3903:
3791:
3682:
3102:
2874:
2157:
1824:
1810:
972:
in less than two days' fighting. The next 48 hours on the French front were decisive. The knife-wielding
908:
679:
3493:
3322:
3225:
2934:
2722:
2140:
2131:
1789:
1709:
526:
386:
243:
3258:
3151:
1939:
915:
to join the line. During this battle, launched 11 May 1944, the Corps attacked into the inhospitable
398:
289:
2507:
2462:
728:
4th Brigade (21st, 24th Bataillon de Marche and Bataillon d'Infanterie de Marine du Pacifique(BIMP))
3973:
3952:
3727:
3124:
2817:
2750:
2543:
2084:
2077:
2033:
1880:
998:
896:
699:
640:
604:) recruited by tribe, ethnicity, or region, as well as some non-French mercenary soldiers from the
381:
2234:
2225:
3835:
3615:
3508:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3054:
2480:
2148:
2026:
1412:
1082:
609:
514:
357:
301:
2453:
2323:
545:, the colonial troops of the French Army of Africa, until then under the orders of the pro-Nazi
3927:
3891:
3661:
3498:
3442:
3248:
3113:
3069:
2701:
2607:
2586:
2040:
2019:
2012:
1932:
570:
483:
340:
316:
1144:
Paul Gaujac, Le Corps expéditionnaire français en Italie, Histoire et collections, 2003, p. 31
1022:
3866:
3850:
3016:
2593:
2371:
1845:
1535:
Vaincre sans gloire: le corps expéditionnaire français en Italie (novembre 1942-juillet 1944)
1261:
605:
165:
3524:
3410:
1677:
648:
306:
3801:
3581:
3560:
3555:
3283:
3205:
3005:
2736:
2683:
2364:
2061:
1852:
1775:
1087:
613:
501:. Consisting of 112,000 men divided into four divisions, all but one of the divisions were
255:
3367:
1672:
410:
8:
3855:
3825:
3699:
3625:
3620:
3605:
3600:
3550:
3468:
2853:
2803:
2743:
2357:
1803:
1761:
1754:
362:
328:
130:
3503:
997:
and capturing it. After the campaign, the soldiers were withdrawn to Africa to join the
3908:
3478:
3463:
3458:
3426:
3195:
2796:
2614:
2573:
2444:
2338:
2309:
2108:
1887:
1768:
875:
687:
374:
321:
3630:
2316:
2182:
3897:
3671:
3666:
3610:
3405:
3362:
3210:
3190:
3180:
3146:
3064:
2775:
2708:
2378:
1985:
1916:
1898:
1742:
1644:
1623:
1602:
1581:
1560:
1539:
1518:
1497:
1476:
1455:
1070:
1002:
936:
916:
912:
886:
664:
550:
530:
522:
415:
369:
350:
345:
272:
2301:
2191:
690:
was in command of the three Moroccan tabors (similar in size to a large battalion).
675:
3780:
3756:
3722:
3676:
3570:
3565:
3230:
3215:
2867:
2068:
2054:
1817:
1796:
1782:
1310:
1097:
683:
582:
335:
284:
250:
3161:
2498:
3534:
3473:
3357:
3303:
2665:
2642:
2621:
2561:
1696:
1684:
1638:
1617:
1596:
1575:
1554:
1533:
1512:
1491:
1470:
1449:
578:
542:
475:
463:
265:
238:
233:
228:
1073:. In 2015, the Italian state organised compensation to the victims still alive.
3748:
3483:
3397:
3378:
3349:
3314:
3295:
2270:
977:
656:
558:
3796:
3576:
3967:
3732:
2928:
2831:
2100:
1058:
945:
644:
636:
498:
393:
311:
260:
168:
3762:
3687:
3200:
2810:
2672:
2635:
2628:
1092:
1066:
581:
of North Africa, they were the Allies’ only units skilled and equipped for
546:
491:
141:
960:(River) and moved forward into the mountainous terrain lying south of the
3947:
3880:
3185:
3000:
2782:
2600:
2005:
1996:
1734:
1014:
969:
965:
949:
601:
554:
210:
109:
178:
2277:
1659:
Le Corps Expéditionnaire Français dans la campagne d'Italie (1943–1944)
957:
574:
566:
562:
510:
506:
1362:
1181:
1179:
1154:
1152:
1150:
973:
920:
586:
1393:
1350:
1244:
1242:
1227:
616:
12.7 mm) as well as, for the Moroccans, a traditional curved
1268:
1203:
1176:
1114:
981:
842:
660:
1413:"1952: The case of the "marocchinate" in the Italian Parliament"
1147:
1338:
1280:
1239:
652:
617:
88:
1292:
43:
994:
993:, the FEC attacked the east of the city securing the road to
815:(General François Sevez), arrived in Italy in February 1944
749:(General André Dody), arrived in Italy end of November 1943
1215:
1126:
1018:
990:
961:
924:
881:
119:
1191:
1164:
797:
3rd Regiment de Spahis Algériens de Reconnaissance (RSAR)
596:
1619:
Monte Cassino: The Hardest Fought Battle of World War II
711:(General Diego Brosset), arrived in Italy in April 1944
1033:
1514:
Le Corps expeditionnaire français en italie: 1943-1944
1594:
541:
After the Americans landed in Algiers in 1942 during
3989:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
1636:
1468:
1451:
The Moroccan Goums: Tribal Warriors in a Modern War
1356:
1274:
1233:
1209:
1185:
1158:
1120:
725:
2nd Brigade (4th, 5th and 11th Bataillon de Marche)
549:, surrendered without firing a shot. General
3984:Military units and formations established in 1943
1447:
1399:
1368:
1344:
1286:
1248:
869:
804:
769:
738:
3965:
585:. There were some exclusively Moroccan units of
4004:Military history of Algeria during World War II
1573:
1298:
1615:
1262:"Biography of Major-General Aaron Bradshaw Jr"
1132:
1047:
931:
2983:
1717:
1552:
1221:
663:much of his life. He was assisted by General
480:Corps Expéditionaire Français en Italie, CEFI
194:
1531:
1170:
956:Meantime, the French forces had crossed the
831:69th Regiment d'Artillerie de Montagne (RAM)
608:. The CEF was equipped with allied weapons (
590:
1510:
1489:
1254:
1197:
825:6th Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
822:2nd Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
819:1st Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
794:7th Regiment de Tirailleurs Algériens (RTA)
791:4th Regiment de Tirailleurs Tunisiens (RTT)
788:3rd Regiment de Tirailleurs Algériens (RTA)
759:8th Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
756:5th Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
753:4th Regiment de Tirailleurs Marocains (RTM)
693:
536:
486:. Created in 1943, the corps fought in the
2990:
2976:
1724:
1710:
865:64th Regiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (RAA)
862:8th Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique (RCA)
859:7th Régiment de Chasseurs d'Afrique (RCA)
800:67th Regiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (RAA)
765:63rd Regiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (RAA)
472:French Expeditionary Corps in Italy (FECI)
201:
187:
1383:"she was 17 and was raped by 40 soldiers"
1001:that had landed in southern France after
643:. The commander of the corps was General
208:
948:describes how the FEC broke through the
935:
885:
882:First and fourth battle of Monte Cassino
731:1st Regiment d'Artillerie Coloniale(RAC)
3264:French Committee of National Liberation
1947:French Committee of National Liberation
1678:Monte Cassino - the Battle of Belvedere
1427:"raped at 27 compensated at almost 100"
1062:under pressure from General de Lattre.
1028:
3966:
3254:French Civil and Military High Command
1380:
828:4th Regiment de Spahis Marocains (RSM)
762:3rd Regiment de Spahis Marocains (RSM)
734:1st Regiment de Fusiliers Marins (RFM)
721:22nd Bataillon de marche Nord Africain
632:The campaign was under the command of
16:French Expeditionary Corps during WWII
2971:
2263:Organisation de résistance de l'armée
1910:Charles de Gaulle during World War II
1705:
1556:Italy's Sorrow: A Year of War 1944–45
784:), arrived in Italy in December 1943
482:), was an expeditionary force of the
182:
3339:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1926:Departmental Committee of Liberation
1622:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1034:Praised from Allied military leaders
854:4th Groupe de Tabors Marocains (GTM)
851:3rd Groupe de Tabors Marocains (GTM)
848:1st Groupe de Tabors Marocains (GTM)
670:Other notable officers were General
651:, Juin was himself a pied-noir from
1673:French Expeditionary Corps in Italy
835:
468:Corps Expéditionnaire Français, CEF
13:
3160:
1984:
1954:National Council of the Resistance
940:Moroccan goumiers at Monte Cassino
890:Gustav Line at Cassino, early 1944
627:
14:
4020:
3269:Provisional Consultative Assembly
2906:Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
2883:Mémorial de la France combattante
1961:Provisional Consultative Assembly
1666:
1538:(in French). Les Belles Lettres.
1472:Monte Cassino: Ten Armies in Hell
2999:
2348:Organisation civile et militaire
1733:
1433:(in Italian). 23 September 2015.
717:13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade
460:French Expeditionary Corps (FEC)
103:
81:
42:
3994:Italian campaign (World War II)
3979:Corps of France in World War II
1661:. Charles-Lavauzelle & Cie.
1419:
1405:
1374:
1320:
1304:
782:Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert
706:1st Motorized Infantry Division
672:Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert
595:) whose soldiers came from the
1595:Jean-Christophe Notin (2015).
1138:
870:Anti-Aircraft Artillery Troops
811:4th Moroccan Mountain Division
805:4th Moroccan Mountain Division
776:3rd Algerian Infantry Division
770:3rd Algerian Infantry Division
745:2nd Moroccan Infantry Division
739:2nd Moroccan Infantry Division
35:Corps Expéditionnaire Français
1:
3943:Mediterranean and Middle East
3846:End of World War II in Europe
3109:French Forces of the Interior
2891:Museum of National Resistance
2175:French Forces of the Interior
1690:The Venafro Cemetery in Italy
1381:Minano, Leïla (15 May 2015).
1103:
1008:
845:(General Augustin Guillaume)
1559:. HarperCollins Publishers.
1469:Peter Caddick-Adams (2013).
1108:
659:who had commanded Arabs and
7:
3103:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
2955:Righteous Among the Nations
2403:Union des femmes françaises
2158:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
1616:Matthew Parker (May 2005).
1517:. Histoire et Collections.
1475:. Oxford University Press.
1076:
1048:Reports of rape and looting
932:Breaking of the Gustav Line
10:
4025:
3494:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
3226:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
3119:French Expeditionary Corps
2395:Housewives' demonstrations
1448:Edward L. Bimberg (1999).
1440:
1057:attention of the Vatican,
808:
773:
742:
697:
555:French government in exile
26:French Expeditionary Corps
3917:
3887:1946 legislative election
3816:
3773:
3746:
3713:
3654:
3543:
3517:
3451:
3435:
3419:
3395:
3376:
3347:
3331:
3312:
3293:
3282:
3259:French National Committee
3239:
3171:
3158:
3152:French Forces of the West
3045:
3012:
2923:
2841:
2767:
2682:
2572:
2413:
2118:
1995:
1982:
1940:French National Committee
1897:
1749:
1683:23 September 2010 at the
1637:Mark Stout, Harry Yeide.
680:André-Marie-François Dody
435:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
219:
159:
154:
137:
125:
115:
98:
76:
53:
41:
32:
23:
3904:Trial of Philippe Pétain
3831:1945 municipal elections
3728:Liberation of Strasbourg
2818:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
2751:Liberation of Strasbourg
2166:FTP–Foreign Labour Force
2085:Companions of Liberation
2078:1st Free French Division
1657:Colonel Goutard (1947).
1574:Richard Natkiel (1985).
1357:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
1275:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
1234:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
1210:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
1186:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
1121:Peter Caddick-Adams 2013
700:1st Free French Division
694:1st Free French Division
537:Background and Formation
48:Shoulder sleeve insignia
4009:Morocco in World War II
3999:Battle of Monte Cassino
3621:Liberation of Marseille
1332:Monte Cassino Belvédère
1328:"General Mark W. Clark"
1159:Mark Stout, Harry Yeide
610:Thompson submachine gun
494:, under the command of
3861:Provisional Government
3525:Liberation of Saint-Lô
3499:Maquis de Saint-Marcel
3479:Liberation of Limousin
3443:Battle of Mont Mouchet
3427:Liberation of Limousin
3323:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3274:Provisional Government
3249:Empire Defense Council
3165:
3114:French Liberation Army
2950:Networks and movements
2914:Free France Foundation
2875:Medal of the Righteous
2758:Provisional Government
2702:French Liberation Army
2608:Empire Defense Council
2587:Brazzaville Conference
2508:Les Lettres Françaises
2463:Les Éditions de Minuit
2041:French Liberation Army
1989:
1933:Empire Defense Council
1553:James Holland (2008).
1400:Edward L. Bimberg 1999
1369:Edward L. Bimberg 1999
1345:Edward L. Bimberg 1999
1287:Edward L. Bimberg 1999
1249:Edward L. Bimberg 1999
1045:
987:
944:In his autobiography,
941:
891:
591:
484:French Liberation Army
479:
467:
223:Africa and Middle East
93:French Colonial Empire
3851:Victory in Europe Day
3530:Battle of Mont Gargan
3387:Liberation of Corsica
3164:
3140:4th Moroccan Mountain
3135:3rd Algerian Infantry
3130:2nd Moroccan Infantry
2898:Museums and memorials
2594:Brazzaville manifesto
2235:Ceux de la Résistance
2226:Ceux de la Libération
1988:
1577:Atlas of World War II
1532:Julie Le Gac (2013).
1317:, Harper, 1950, p.348
1040:
954:
939:
889:
774:Further information:
743:Further information:
698:Further information:
527:de Lattre de Tassigny
470:), also known as the
405:Indian Ocean and Asia
3836:Advance to the Rhine
3641:Battle of Montélimar
3636:Liberation of Guéret
3616:Liberation of Toulon
3489:Liberation of Guéret
3206:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3006:Liberation of France
2737:Liberation of France
2454:Défense de la France
2324:Confrérie Notre-Dame
1695:14 July 2011 at the
1511:Paul Gaujac (2003).
1490:Robin Cross (2019).
1299:Richard Natkiel 1985
1088:Liberation of France
1029:Triumph and disgrace
841:Command of Moroccan
614:Browning machine gun
612:cal. 45 mm and
533:of Southern France.
3841:Invasion of Germany
3705:Battle of Meximieux
3700:Battle of Arracourt
3662:Liberation of Nancy
3626:Liberation of Paris
3606:Battle of La Ciotat
3601:Battle of Port Cros
3566:Liberation of Brest
3551:Battle for Brittany
3469:Battle of Cherbourg
2854:Order of Liberation
2804:Charles Delestraint
2744:Liberation of Paris
2553:La Vérité française
2544:Témoignage chrétien
1454:. Greenwood Press.
1431:Corriere della Sera
1133:Matthew Parker 2005
905:British Eighth Army
874:(Brigadier general
674:(3rd DIA), General
3909:Klaus Barbie trial
3646:Liberation of Nice
3464:Battle of Carentan
3459:Operation Overlord
3196:Bernard Montgomery
3166:
2797:Pierre Brossolette
2615:Free French Africa
2109:Free French Africa
2013:Free French Forces
1990:
1643:. Zenith Imprint.
1640:First to the Rhine
1371:, p. 115-116.
1222:James Holland 2008
942:
892:
876:Aaron Bradshaw Jr.
688:Augustin Guillaume
649:Maréchal de France
634:Lieutenant General
521:absorbed into the
3961:
3960:
3898:Trente Glorieuses
3874:Épuration sauvage
3812:
3811:
3672:Operation Undergo
3667:Operation Astonia
3611:Provence landings
3411:Battle of Glières
3406:Battle of Vercors
3368:Battle of Réunion
3363:Tunisian campaign
3211:Raymond O. Barton
3191:Winston Churchill
3181:Charles de Gaulle
2965:
2964:
2935:French Resistance
2790:Emmanuel d'Astier
2776:Charles de Gaulle
2723:General de Lattre
2695:Kieffer commandos
2517:Libération (nord)
1917:Appeal of 18 June
1743:French Resistance
1650:978-1-61673-965-2
1629:978-1-4000-3375-1
1608:979-10-210-0737-6
1587:978-1-57215-295-3
1566:978-0-00-728403-0
1545:978-2-251-44477-2
1524:978-2-913903-93-7
1503:978-1-64313-102-3
1496:. Pegasus Books.
1493:Operation Dragoon
1482:978-0-19-997464-1
1461:978-0-313-30913-7
1171:Julie Le Gac 2013
1071:Castro dei Volsci
1003:Operation Dragoon
917:Aurunci Mountains
665:Marcel Carpentier
589:(from the Arabic
551:Charles De Gaulle
547:republic of Vichy
523:French First Army
455:
454:
447:Wallis and Futuna
174:
173:
4016:
3867:Épuration légale
3819:
3781:Atlantic pockets
3757:Atlantic pockets
3723:Battle of Alsace
3677:Atlantic pockets
3571:Atlantic pockets
3509:Battle of Ushant
3504:Maquis de Saffré
3291:
3290:
3242:
3231:Philippe Kieffer
3221:Philippe Leclerc
3216:George S. Patton
3174:
3060:Commando Kieffer
3048:
3004:
3003:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2877:
2870:
2868:Resistance Medal
2863:
2856:
2834:
2827:
2825:Jean-Pierre Lévy
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2643:March battalions
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2526:Libération (sud)
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2406:
2397:
2390:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2213:
2210:Musée de l'Homme
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1912:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1654:
1633:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1549:
1528:
1507:
1486:
1465:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1402:, p. 77-78.
1397:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1311:Mark Wayne Clark
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1198:Robin Cross 2019
1195:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1098:Moroccan Goumier
836:General Reserves
594:
583:mountain warfare
573:) and one-third
488:Italian Campaign
214:
203:
196:
189:
180:
179:
147:Italian campaign
108:
107:
106:
87:
85:
84:
72:
70:
64:
62:
46:
21:
20:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4013:
3974:Corps of France
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3913:
3892:Fourth Republic
3817:
3808:
3769:
3742:
3715:
3709:
3650:
3631:Maillé massacre
3539:
3535:Operation Cobra
3513:
3474:Battle for Caen
3447:
3431:
3415:
3391:
3372:
3358:Operation Torch
3343:
3327:
3308:
3304:Battle of Gabon
3285:
3278:
3240:
3235:
3172:
3167:
3156:
3125:1st Free French
3046:
3041:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2730:General Leclerc
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2666:Operation Marie
2664:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2622:French Cameroon
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2568:
2562:La Voix du Nord
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2345:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2243:
2232:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2201:Mouvements unis
2198:
2189:
2183:Libération-Nord
2180:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1991:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1697:Wayback Machine
1685:Wayback Machine
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1664:
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1504:
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1438:
1425:
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1411:
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1398:
1394:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1315:Calculated risk
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1079:
1050:
1036:
1031:
1011:
934:
913:II Polish Corps
897:U.S. Fifth Army
884:
872:
838:
813:
807:
778:
772:
747:
741:
704:Also known as:
702:
696:
641:U.S. Fifth Army
630:
628:Order of battle
579:Atlas Mountains
575:French settlers
543:Operation Torch
539:
513:drawn from the
456:
451:
215:
209:
207:
177:
161:
104:
102:
91:
82:
80:
68:
66:
60:
58:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4022:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3922:WW II theatres
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3777:
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3690:
3685:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:Tulle massacre
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3241:Administration
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
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3169:
3168:
3159:
3157:
3155:
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3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:3rd Army Corps
3072:
3062:
3057:
3055:Army of Africa
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3009:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2963:
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2800:
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2747:
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2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2582:
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2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2490:Front National
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2297:
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2267:
2258:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2218:National Front
2214:
2205:
2196:
2192:Libération-Sud
2187:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2153:
2144:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2027:Army of Africa
2023:
2009:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
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1920:
1905:
1903:
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1747:
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1729:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1668:
1667:External links
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1601:. Tallandier.
1592:
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1392:
1373:
1361:
1359:, p. 137.
1349:
1337:
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1303:
1301:, p. 114.
1291:
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1267:
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1236:, p. 133.
1226:
1224:, p. 390.
1214:
1212:, p. 136.
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1200:, p. 104.
1190:
1188:, p. 135.
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1123:, p. 134.
1112:
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1083:Army of Africa
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676:François Sevez
629:
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606:Foreign Legion
597:Riff mountains
553:, head of the
538:
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525:under General
515:Army of Africa
503:colonial units
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3953:Sino Japanese
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3938:Eastern Front
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3933:Western Front
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3802:Saint-Nazaire
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3733:Colmar Pocket
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3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
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3589:
3583:
3582:Saint-Nazaire
3580:
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3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
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3100:
3096:
3095:32nd Infantry
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Cavalry Corps
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
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2933:Categories: (
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2850:
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2846:
2840:
2833:
2832:Pierre Villon
2829:
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2339:Armée secrète
2335:
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2128:
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2110:
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2101:Radio Londres
2097:
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2014:
2010:
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1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
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1598:Maréchal Juin
1593:
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1572:
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1396:
1388:
1387:Libération.fr
1384:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1347:, p. 64.
1346:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1289:, p. 54.
1288:
1283:
1277:, p. 15.
1276:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1251:, p. 67.
1250:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1187:
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1180:
1173:, p. 26.
1172:
1167:
1161:, p. 24.
1160:
1155:
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1141:
1135:, p. 22.
1134:
1129:
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1059:Pope Pius XII
1054:
1044:
1039:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
986:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
953:
952:in May 1944.
951:
947:
946:Mark W. Clark
938:
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
900:
898:
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877:
864:
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764:
761:
758:
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751:
750:
746:
733:
730:
727:
724:
722:
718:
715:1st Brigade (
714:
713:
712:
709:
707:
701:
691:
689:
685:
684:Diego Brosset
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:Alphonse Juin
642:
638:
637:Mark W. Clark
635:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
534:
532:
528:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Alphonse Juin
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
448:
445:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:North America
428:
427:
424:
421:
419:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
395:
394:Colmar Pocket
392:
390:
389:
385:
383:
380:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
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337:
334:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
302:Monte Cassino
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:
288:
286:
285:Eastern Front
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
268:
264:
262:
261:Run for Tunis
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
246:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
222:
221:
218:
212:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
185:
184:
181:
176:Military unit
170:
169:Alphonse Juin
167:
164:
158:
153:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
136:
133:(112,000 men)
132:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
101:
97:
94:
90:
79:
75:
56:
52:
45:
40:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
22:
19:
3896:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3826:End of Vichy
3201:Henri Giraud
3118:
3101:
2904:
2881:
2811:Henri Frenay
2673:Ubangi-Shari
2636:French Gabon
2629:French Congo
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2481:Franc-Tireur
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2401:
2365:Jade-Fitzroy
2346:
2337:
2300:
2284:
2261:
2233:
2224:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2156:
2149:Franc-Tireur
2147:
2099:
1740:
1658:
1639:
1618:
1597:
1580:. JG Press.
1576:
1555:
1534:
1513:
1492:
1471:
1450:
1430:
1421:
1407:
1395:
1389:(in French).
1386:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1256:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1166:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1093:Marocchinate
1067:Marocchinate
1064:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1012:
988:
955:
943:
901:
893:
873:
814:
779:
748:
710:
703:
682:and General
669:
631:
540:
519:
492:World War II
471:
459:
457:
416:
387:
351:
341:Saint-Marcel
322:
317:Mont Mouchet
290:
266:
244:
142:World War II
34:
33:
25:
24:
18:
3881:Tripartisme
3856:Victory Day
3792:La Rochelle
3683:La Rochelle
3186:Jean Moulin
3147:Second Army
3121:Divisions:
3090:1st Armored
3032:Netherlands
2843:Museums and
2783:Jean Moulin
2601:French Chad
2415:Underground
2358:Jade-Amicol
2006:Free France
1997:Free France
1901:and control
1797:Netherlands
1015:Monte Mario
970:Gustav Line
966:Castelforte
950:Gustav Line
602:tirailleurs
211:Free French
138:Engagements
110:Free France
3968:Categories
3716:March 1945
3714:Nov 1944 -
3561:Saint-Malo
3420:March 1944
3065:First Army
3027:Luxembourg
2861:Companions
2684:Liberation
2535:Résistance
2499:L'Humanité
2427:Bir-Hakeim
2310:Mithridate
2286:CdL Cinéma
2278:Comet Line
2122:operations
2062:Bir Hakeim
1888:Yugoslavia
1846:Luxembourg
1104:References
1009:Casualties
962:Liri River
958:Garigliano
909:XIII Corps
878:, U.S.A.)
686:. General
678:, General
571:Senegalese
382:Strasbourg
363:Marseilles
256:Bir Hakeim
162:commanders
155:Commanders
99:Allegiance
3818:Aftermath
3655:Sept 1944
3518:July 1944
2845:Memorials
2686:of France
2132:Movements
2020:Air Force
1853:Macedonia
1839:Lithuania
1109:Citations
1069:women in
780:(General
647:, future
620:called a
567:Algerians
563:Moroccans
511:Algerians
507:Moroccans
505:, mostly
423:Indochina
213:campaigns
131:Divisions
3928:Atlantic
3774:May 1945
3596:Égletons
3544:Aug 1944
3452:Jun 1944
3436:May 1944
3332:Dec 1941
3286:campaign
2709:1st Army
2472:L'Espoir
2436:Bulletin
2317:Morhange
2255:Alliance
2246:Networks
2120:Domestic
1899:Creation
1881:Slovakia
1776:Bulgaria
1693:Archived
1681:Archived
1077:See also
974:Goumiers
921:goumiers
843:Goumiers
587:goumiers
559:Africans
531:invasion
529:for the
388:Nordwind
375:Dompaire
370:Lorraine
323:Overlord
245:Exporter
3948:Pacific
3797:Lorient
3787:Dunkirk
3693:Dunkirk
3577:Lorient
3173:Leaders
3017:Belgium
2945:Members
2768:Leaders
2379:Vercors
2332:Others:
2088:
2049:Battles
1874:Romania
1811:Germany
1804:Estonia
1790:Denmark
1769:Belgium
1762:Austria
1755:Albania
1441:Sources
1023:Venafro
982:Esperia
978:Ausonia
661:Berbers
657:Algeria
639:of the
496:General
441:Oceania
417:Crimson
411:Réunion
352:Dragoon
346:Vercors
307:Glières
297:Corsica
273:Tunisia
166:General
160:Notable
77:Country
67: (
59: (
3738:Bitche
3591:Lioran
3556:Rennes
3284:French
3047:Forces
3037:Norway
2929:Portal
2716:2nd DB
2657:Second
2578:Africa
2576:French
2445:Combat
2372:Maquis
2271:Brutus
2141:Combat
2069:Gazala
2055:Koufra
1867:Poland
1860:Norway
1832:Latvia
1818:Greece
1647:
1626:
1605:
1584:
1563:
1542:
1521:
1500:
1479:
1458:
1021:) and
999:Army B
622:koumia
618:dagger
476:French
464:French
358:Toulon
279:Europe
89:France
86:
54:Active
3763:Royan
3688:Royan
3377:Sept
3022:Italy
2940:Films
2650:First
2417:media
2388:Women
1825:Italy
1783:Czech
995:Siena
329:Paris
291:Husky
267:Torch
251:Kufra
239:Keren
234:Gabon
229:Dakar
65:–1944
3749:1945
3747:Apr
3398:1944
3396:Jan
3379:1943
3350:1942
3348:Nov
3315:1941
3313:Jun
3296:1940
3294:Nov
2574:Free
2092:List
2034:Navy
1975:DGER
1968:BCRA
1645:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1019:Rome
991:Rome
980:and
925:Liri
911:and
719:and
653:Bone
592:qaum
569:and
509:and
458:The
399:Alps
336:Elba
126:Size
120:Army
116:Type
69:1944
61:1943
57:1943
3085:5th
3080:4th
2302:Fer
2294:CLD
907:'s
655:in
490:of
312:Ist
3970::
3783::
3759::
3679::
3573::
1429:.
1385:.
1330:.
1313:,
1241:^
1178:^
1149:^
1025:.
1005:.
708:.
667:.
624:.
565:,
478::
466::
129:4
3924::
2991:e
2984:t
2977:v
2957:)
2249::
2135::
2094:)
2090:(
1725:e
1718:t
1711:v
1653:.
1632:.
1611:.
1590:.
1569:.
1548:.
1527:.
1506:.
1485:.
1464:.
1415:.
1334:.
1264:.
1017:(
600:(
561:(
474:(
462:(
202:e
195:t
188:v
71:)
63:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
