627:
474:
758:
140:
744:
43:
730:
501:, or about 250 grams) of gold was worth 740₶.9s. (so, one Troy ounce of gold was worth approximately 4 Louis or 93₶.); 8 Troy ounces of silver was worth 51₶.2s.3d. This led to a strict conversion rate between gold and silver (14.4867 to 1) and established the values of the coins in circulation in France at:
481:
The first French paper money was issued in 1701 and was denominated in livres tournois. However, the notes did not hold their value relative to silver due to massive over–production. The Banque Royale (the last issuer of these early notes) crashed in 1720, rendering the banknotes worthless (see
682:
coin was struck in 1803. Still the word livre survived; until the middle of the 19th century it was indifferently used alongside the word franc, especially to express large amounts and transactions linked with property (real estate, property incomes or "rentes", cattle, etc...).
340:
For much of the Middle Ages, different duchies of France were semi-autonomous if not practically independent from the weak
Capetian kings, and thus each minted its own currency. Charters would need to specify which region or mint was being used: "money of Paris" or "money of
390:
as the standard currency of his lands, gradually replacing even the livre of Paris, and ultimately the currencies of all French-speaking areas he controlled. This was a slow process lasting many decades and not completed within Philip II's lifetime.
462:. The écu and louis d'or fluctuated in value, with the écu varying between three and six livres tournois until 1726 when it was fixed at 6₶. The louis was initially (1640) worth 10₶., and fluctuated too, until its value was fixed at 24₶. in 1726.
279:. Only deniers were initially minted, but debasement led to larger denominations being issued. Different mints in different regions used different weights for the denier, leading to several distinct livres of different values.
612:
However a coin of 1₶. was not minted. Yet in 1720 a special coin minted in pure silver was produced and assigned a token value of 1₶. Additionally, France took
Navarrese 20-sou coins minted in 1719 and 1720, re-struck them as
792:
438:
The official use of the livre tournois accounting unit in all contracts in France was legislated in 1549. However, in 1577, the livre tournois accounting unit was officially abolished and replaced by the
394:
The result was that from 1200 onwards, following the beginning of King Philip II's campaigns against King John, the currency used within French speaking lands was in a state of flux, as the
401:
Until the thirteenth century and onwards, only deniers were actually minted as coin money. Both livres and sous did not actually exist as coins but were used only for accounting purposes.
623:écu (between the years of 1720 and 1723) essentially creating a coin worth 1 livre. These re-struck coins, however, eventually were assigned the value of 18 sous.
465:
In 1667, the livre parisis was officially abolished. However, the sole remaining livre was still frequently referred to as the livre tournois until its demise.
288:), the distinction being that the two have different genders. The monetary and weight unit is feminine, la/une livre, while "book" is masculine, le/un livre.
1539:
443:, which was at that time the major French gold coin in actual circulation. In 1602, the livre tournois accounting unit was brought back.
850:
1188:
653:
from 1789. Assignats were backed (in theory) by government-held land. Like the issues of the Banque Royale, their value plummeted.
183:
from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account.
1434:
236:
166:
816:
107:
1534:
1529:
79:
126:
86:
1544:
843:
64:
93:
60:
17:
1524:
1338:
626:
1493:
75:
31:
252:. This system and the denier itself served as the model for many of Europe's currencies, including the
1323:
1057:
783:
657:
473:
1519:
1166:
836:
787:
1378:
1368:
1171:
53:
1203:
903:
828:
1358:
1109:
1413:
1363:
1278:
1062:
935:
638:
483:
451:
435:. This name persisted in common parlance for 1₶. but was not used on coins or paper money.
408:
instigated a royal monopoly on the minting of coinage in France and minted the first gold
345:". The first steps towards standardization came under the first strong Capetian monarch,
100:
8:
1373:
1248:
1238:
1233:
811:(66th ed.). Toronto, Ontario / Palm Harbor, Florida: The Charlton Press. p. 6.
703:
until 1834 when dwindling supplies of no-longer minted coins obliged the adoption of the
265:
284:
1444:
1388:
1328:
1308:
1283:
1268:
928:
763:
490:
405:
358:
346:
1263:
1243:
1129:
1072:
955:
812:
172:
1348:
1253:
1213:
1124:
1114:
1037:
861:
192:
1333:
1293:
1047:
991:
908:
692:
643:
498:
494:
354:
160:
1488:
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1408:
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1313:
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1228:
1218:
1183:
1146:
1102:
1082:
1067:
1042:
976:
940:
913:
898:
893:
888:
883:
564:
454:
stopped minting the franc in 1641, replacing it with coins based on the silver
421:
386:
366:
350:
297:
261:
156:
1513:
1418:
1403:
1156:
1141:
1136:
1119:
1097:
1077:
1052:
1027:
971:
779:
735:
581:
425:
420:, whose weights (and thus monetary divisions) were roughly equivalent to the
253:
245:
226:
527:
455:
440:
410:
30:
This article is about an obsolete unit of currency. Not to be confused with
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Encyclopédie ou
Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
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180:
282:"Livre" is homophonous to the French word for "book" (from the Latin word
139:
1393:
1343:
1318:
1303:
1208:
1151:
1032:
1017:
986:
497:, a system of monetary stability was put in place. Eight Troy ounces (a
203:
1471:
1298:
1178:
923:
216:
152:
656:
The last coins and notes of the livre currency system were issued in
649:
42:
416:
381:
370:
362:
249:
714:
Today and after two centuries of using the franc, France uses the
1022:
647:, denominated in livres. These were issued until 1793, alongside
318:
176:
858:
1454:
700:
384:
was considered very stable, and Philip II decided to adopt the
342:
211:
1498:
1477:
377:
584:(copper coin) denominated in 3 and 6 denier units valued at
431:
Between 1360 and 1641, coins worth 1₶. were minted known as
867:
715:
691:
The livre had also been used as the legal currency of the
604:
sou respectively (the three denier coin was also called a
778:
567:(copper coin) denominated in 1 and 2 sou units valued at
349:(1165–1223). Philip II conquered much of the continental
291:
725:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
240:, a Roman unit of weight and still the name of a
1511:
404:Upon his return from the crusades in the 1250s,
637:A kind of paper money was reintroduced by the
560:écu denominations valued at 60, 30 and 15 sous
844:
809:CANADIAN COINS: A Charlton Standard Catalogue
530:(silver coin) of 6₶. or 120 sous, along with
272:
477:10₶. note issued by La Banque Royale (1720)
398:was gradually introduced into other areas.
164:
851:
837:
806:
796:(in French). Vol. 1. p. 37b–38a.
1189:Japanese government-issued Oceanian pound
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
625:
472:
143:French 1793 24₶. gold coin of 7.64 grams
138:
197:
14:
1512:
772:
446:
248:, and the denier comes from the Roman
1540:Economic history of the Ancien Régime
832:
660:of the Republic (1794). In 1795, the
468:
292:Late medieval and early modern period
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
376:The currency minted at the city of
24:
206:as a unit of account equal to one
25:
1556:
523:or half-Louis (gold coin) of 12₶.
271:This first livre is known as the
756:
742:
728:
686:
41:
27:French currency from 781 to 1794
52:needs additional citations for
800:
664:was introduced, worth 1₶.3d. (
175:and its predecessor states of
13:
1:
1428:Historical antecedents (mass)
721:
202:The livre was established by
171:(pound)) was the currency of
1339:Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound
214:. It was subdivided into 20
7:
1494:Carolingian monetary system
699:remained legal currency in
193:French franc § History
32:French livre (unit of mass)
10:
1561:
1535:Economic history of France
1530:Modern obsolete currencies
1324:Prince Edward Island pound
1058:British West African pound
965:Local alternative currency
577:₶. (or 12 deniers) per sou
486:for more on this system).
295:
190:
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29:
1464:
1427:
1167:Italian East African lira
1010:
964:
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316:
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234:came from the Latin word
1379:South West African pound
1369:Southern Rhodesian pound
807:W.K. Cross, ed. (2012).
784:le Rond d'Alembert, Jean
1172:Italian Somaliland lira
1545:1795 disestablishments
1204:Lombardo-Venetian lira
904:Falkland Islands pound
678:₶), and the first one-
634:
478:
273:
165:
144:
1359:Solomon Islands pound
1110:French colonial livre
859:Currency units named
629:
476:
142:
1414:Western Samoan pound
1364:South Carolina pound
1279:North Carolina pound
936:South Sudanese pound
452:Louis XIII of France
198:Origin and etymology
61:improve this article
1525:Medieval currencies
1249:New Hampshire pound
1239:New Brunswick pound
1234:Massachusetts pound
516:(gold coin) of 24₶.
509:(gold coin) of 48₶.
447:Seventeenth century
333:LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN
275:livre carolingienne
266:Portuguese dinheiro
1389:Tripolitanian lira
1374:South African pond
1329:Rhode Island pound
1309:Pennsylvania pound
1284:Nova Scotian pound
1269:Newfoundland pound
929:Saint Helena pound
764:Numismatics portal
644:actions au porteur
635:
479:
469:Eighteenth century
347:Philip II Augustus
145:
1507:
1506:
1264:New Zealand pound
1244:New Guinean pound
1130:Saint Lucia livre
1073:Connecticut pound
956:Ukrainian hryvnia
818:978-0-88968-348-8
718:as its currency.
639:Caisse d'Escompte
507:double Louis d'or
338:
337:
173:Kingdom of France
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1552:
1520:Pound (currency)
1349:Sammarinese lira
1254:New Jersey pound
1214:Luxembourg livre
1125:New France livre
1115:Guadeloupe livre
1038:Australian pound
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1510:
1509:
1508:
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1445:Moneyer's pound
1423:
1334:Rhodesian pound
1294:Palestine pound
1063:Byzantine litra
1048:Bermudian pound
1006:
992:Liverpool pound
960:
909:Gibraltar pound
872:
857:
827:
826:
819:
805:
801:
777:
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569:
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521:demi-Louis d'or
495:Cardinal Fleury
489:In 1726, under
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323:
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151:(abbreviation:
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1314:Peruvian libra
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1259:New York pound
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1229:Maryland pound
1226:
1221:
1219:Malawian pound
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1184:Jamaican pound
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1149:
1147:Ghanaian pound
1144:
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1134:
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1127:
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1103:Livre tournois
1100:
1090:
1085:
1083:Delaware pound
1080:
1075:
1070:
1068:Canadian pound
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Bahamian pound
1040:
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1018:Aeginetan mina
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984:
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948:
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941:Sudanese pound
938:
933:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Guernsey pound
911:
906:
901:
899:Alderney pound
894:Pound sterling
891:
889:Lebanese pound
886:
884:Egyptian pound
880:
878:
874:
873:
856:
855:
848:
841:
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422:livre tournois
396:livre tournois
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351:Angevin Empire
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311:Livre tournois
310:
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298:Livre tournois
296:Main article:
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262:Spanish dinero
224:), each of 12
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191:Main article:
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117:September 2014
76:"French livre"
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1142:Georgia pound
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1137:Gambian pound
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1120:Haitian livre
1118:
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1098:Livre parisis
1096:
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1076:
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1034:
1031:
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1028:Angevin pound
1026:
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1021:
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1016:
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1013:
1009:
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1000:
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993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
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977:Brixton pound
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973:
972:Bristol pound
970:
969:
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963:
957:
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952:
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736:France portal
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50:This article
48:
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39:
38:
33:
19:
18:French livres
1483:Pound (mass)
1438:
1399:Vatican lira
1384:Tongan pound
1289:Ottoman lira
1199:Libyan pound
1194:Jersey livre
1162:Italian lira
1157:Israeli lira
1093:French livre
1092:
1088:Fijian pound
1002:Totnes pound
997:Stroud pound
982:Exeter pound
951:Turkish lira
946:Syrian pound
919:Jersey pound
871:, or similar
866:
860:
808:
802:
791:
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750:Money portal
713:
709:legal tender
697:Jersey livre
690:
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506:
493:'s minister
488:
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464:
450:
437:
430:
415:
409:
403:
400:
395:
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385:
375:
361:, including
339:
283:
281:
274:
270:
258:Italian lira
235:
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230:. The word
225:
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215:
201:
181:West Francia
148:
146:
123:
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104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1435:Roman pound
1394:Tuscan lira
1344:Roman pound
1319:Pound Scots
1304:Parman lira
1209:Luccan lira
987:Lewes pound
877:Circulating
641:in 1776 as
414:and silver
204:Charlemagne
1514:Categories
1472:Pound sign
1299:Papal lira
1179:Jaca pound
1152:Irish punt
1033:Attic mina
924:Manx pound
722:References
514:Louis d'or
460:Louis d'or
87:newspapers
1447:(England)
650:assignats
458:and gold
355:King John
631:Assignat
491:Louis XV
484:John Law
424:and the
411:écu d'or
406:Louis IX
382:Touraine
371:Touraine
363:Normandy
330:₶
317:In
264:and the
250:denarius
1451:Grzywna
1023:AM-Lira
1011:Defunct
673:⁄
658:Year II
618:⁄
599:⁄
589:⁄
572:⁄
555:⁄
545:⁄
535:⁄
359:England
319:Unicode
227:deniers
187:History
177:Francia
101:scholar
1455:Grivna
815:
701:Jersey
695:. The
582:denier
433:francs
426:denier
369:, and
343:Troyes
327:
325:U+20B6
220:(also
212:silver
161:French
103:
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1478:Dinar
1439:libra
862:pound
788:"ABR"
705:pound
680:franc
662:franc
606:liard
378:Tours
367:Anjou
353:from
285:liber
242:pound
237:libra
232:livre
208:pound
167:libra
149:livre
108:JSTOR
94:books
868:lira
813:ISBN
716:euro
594:and
580:the
563:the
550:and
526:the
519:the
512:the
505:the
499:mark
222:sols
217:sous
179:and
163:for
147:The
80:news
1499:£sd
1485:(℔)
1474:(£)
707:as
565:sou
528:écu
456:écu
441:écu
380:in
357:of
244:in
210:of
155:or
63:by
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