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quickly, the people were likely to turn to Son Ngoc Thanh and the Khmer
Issarak, who were fully committed to attaining that goal. At meetings with the French president and with other high officials, Sihanouk was suggested as being unduly "alarmist" about internal political conditions. The French also made the thinly veiled threat that, if he continued to be uncooperative, they might replace him. The trip appeared to be a failure, but on his way home by way of the United States, Canada, and Japan, Sihanouk publicised Cambodia's plight in the media.
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united only in their opposition to legislation sponsored by the king or his appointees. A major issue was the king's receptivity to independence within the French Union, proposed in a draft treaty offered by the French in late 1948. Following dissolution of the
National Assembly in September 1949, agreement on the pact was reached through an exchange of letters between King Sihanouk and the French government. It went into effect two months later, though National Assembly ratification of the treaty was never secured.
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1647:. Power was concentrated in the hands of a popularly elected National Assembly. The king reluctantly proclaimed the new constitution on 6 May 1947. While it recognised him as the "spiritual head of the state," it reduced him to the status of a constitutional monarch, and it left unclear the extent to which he could play an active role in the politics of the nation. Sihanouk would turn this ambiguity to his advantage in later years, however.
1594:," they envisioned Indochina's participation in a French Union of former colonies that shared the common experience of French culture. Neither the urban professional elites nor the common people, however, were attracted by this arrangement. For Cambodians of practically all walks of life, the brief period of independence, from March to October 1945, had been enjoyable. The lassitude of the Khmer was a thing of the past.
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comprising
Battambang and Siemreab provinces, which had been recovered from Thailand after World War II, but which the French, hard-pressed elsewhere, did not have the resources to control. Cambodia was still required to co-ordinate foreign policy matters with the High Council of the French Union, however, and France retained a significant measure of control over the judicial system, finances, and customs.
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1621:) loyal to Son Ngoc Thanh, and plain bandits taking advantage of the chaos to terrorise villagers. Though their fortunes rose and fell during the immediate postwar period (a major blow was the overthrow of a left-wing friendly government in Bangkok in 1947), by 1954 the Khmer Issarak operating with the Viet Minh by some estimates controlled as much as 50 percent of Cambodia's territory.
1342:, originally Cambodian territory until the latter part of the 18th century. The acquirement of these provinces would be the last phase of French territorial expansion in Indochina as Siam would later co-operate with the British in the region, who feared uncontrolled French expansion and control of Siam would upset the balance of powers in Indochina.
1227:, attempted to overthrow the monarch and establish full French control over Cambodia by sending a small force to the royal palace in Phnom Penh. The movement was only slightly successful as the governor-general of French Indochina prevented full colonisation due to possible conflicts with Cambodians and the monarch's power was reduced to that of a
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Cambodians paid the highest taxes per capita among the French colonies in
Indochina. Poor and sometimes unstable administration in the early years of French rule in Cambodia meant infrastructure and urbanisation grew at a much lesser rate than in Vietnam and traditional social structures in villages still remained.
1238:, half brother of Norodom and contender for the throne, led a rebellion to dispose of the French-backed Norodom after coming back from exile in Siam. Gathering support from opposers of Norodom and the French, Si Votha led a rebellion that was primarily concentrated in the jungles of Cambodia and the city of
1629:, led by Prince Sisowath Yuthevong, espoused immediate independence, democratic reforms, and parliamentary government. Its supporters were teachers, civil servants, politically active members of the Buddhist clergy, and others whose opinions had been greatly influenced by the nationalistic appeals of
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where Oknha
Kralahom "Kong" led the resistance. French forces later aided Norodom to defeat Si Votha under agreements that the Cambodian population be disarmed and acknowledge the resident-general as the highest power in the protectorate. Oknha Kralahom "Kong" was called back to Phnom Penh to discuss
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Sihanouk was making a high-stakes gamble, for the French could easily have replaced him with a more pliable monarch; however, the military situation was deteriorating throughout
Indochina, and the French government, on 3 July 1953, declared itself ready to grant full independence to the three states
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To further dramatise his "royal crusade for independence," Sihanouk declared that he would not return until the French gave assurances that full independence would be granted. He then left Phnom Penh in June to go into self-imposed exile in
Thailand. Unwelcome in Bangkok, he moved to his royal villa
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In March 1953, Sihanouk went to France. Ostensibly, he was travelling for his health; actually, he was mounting an intensive campaign to persuade the French government to grant complete independence. The climate of opinion in
Cambodia at the time was such that if he did not achieve full independence
1381:, foreigners dominated the work force of the economy due to French discrimination against the Cambodians from holding important economic positions. Many Vietnamese were recruited to work on rubber plantations and later immigrants played key roles in the colonial economy as fisherman and businessmen.
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As the French automobile industry grew, rubber plantations like the ones already in
Cochinchina and Annam were built and run by French investors. Economic diversification continued throughout the 1920s, when corn and cotton crops were also grown. Despite economic expansion and investment, Cambodians
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Originally serving as a buffer territory for France between its more important
Vietnamese colonies and Siam, Cambodia was not initially seen as an economically important area. The colonial government's budget originally relied largely on tax collections in Cambodia as its main source of revenue, and
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Cambodia, though they were still viewed as god-kings by the peasant population. All other power was in the hands of the Resident-General and the colonial bureaucracy. This bureaucracy was formed mostly of French officials, and the only Asians freely permitted to participate in government were ethnic
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In the December 1947 elections for the National Assembly, the Democrats again won a large majority. Despite this, dissension within the party was rampant. Its founder, Sisowath Yuthevong, had died and no clear leader had emerged to succeed him. During the period 1948 to 1949, the Democrats appeared
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In June 1952, Sihanouk announced the dismissal of his cabinet, suspended the constitution, and assumed control of the government as prime minister. Then, without clear constitutional sanction, he dissolved the National Assembly and proclaimed martial law in January 1953. Sihanouk exercised direct
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The treaty granted Cambodia what Sihanouk called "fifty percent independence": by it, the colonial relationship was formally ended, and the Cambodians were given control of most administrative functions. Cambodian armed forces were granted freedom of action within a self-governing autonomous zone
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The Democrats won a majority in the second National Assembly election in September 1951, and they continued their policy of opposing the king on practically all fronts. In an effort to win greater popular approval, Sihanouk asked the French to release nationalist Son Ngoc Thanh from exile and to
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In regards to non-British colonies in Asia, Roosevelt and Stalin had decided in Tehran that the French and the Dutch would not return to Asia after the war. Roosevelt's untimely death before the war's end, was followed by developments very different from what Roosevelt had envisaged. The British
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was no longer fit to rule and asked for permission to assume the king's powers to collect taxes, issue decrees, and even appoint royal officials and choose crown princes. From that time, Norodom and the future kings of Cambodia were figureheads and merely were patrons of the Buddhist religion in
1640:, represented the interests of the old rural elites, including large landowners. They preferred continuing some form of the colonial relationship with France, and advocated gradual democratic reform. In the Consultative Assembly election held in September 1946, the Democrats won 50 of 67 seats.
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Control of wartime military operations outside the autonomous zone remained in French hands. France was also permitted to maintain military bases on Cambodian territory. In 1950 Cambodia was accorded diplomatic recognition by the United States and by most non-communist powers, but in Asia only
1288:, whose branch of the royal family was nationalistic but more cooperative with the French than Norodom's. Likewise, Norodom was viewed as responsible for the constant Cambodian revolts against French rule. Another reason was that Norodom's favourite son, whom he wanted to succeed him as king,
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The French yielded: the police and the judiciary were transferred to Cambodian control at the end of August, and in October the country assumed full command of its military forces. King Sihanouk, now a hero in the eyes of his people, returned to Phnom Penh in triumph and independence day was
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remained relatively quiet during much of French rule mostly due to lesser education influence, which caused literacy rates remain low and prevented nationalist movements like those taking place in Vietnam. However, among the French-educated Cambodian elite, the Western ideas of democracy and
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who considered him a French collaborator. During the tumultuous period between 1946 and 1953, Sihanouk displayed the remarkable aptitude for political survival that sustained him before and after his fall from power in March 1970. The Khmer Issarak was an extremely heterogeneous
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back to the now French-controlled Cambodia. The accord acknowledged French control over Vietnam (including the colony of Cochinchina and the protectorates of Annam and Tonkin), Cambodia, as well as Laos, which was added in 1893 following French victory in the
1715:, formerly a right-wing politician who was becoming a prominent, and in time would be an indispensable Sihanouk ally within the military. From his Siemreab base, the king and Lon Nol contemplated plans for resistance if the French did not meet their terms.
1358:, development slowly increased in Cambodia, where rice and pepper crops allowed for the economy to grow. To foster exports, modern agricultural methods were introduced, particularly by colonial entrepreneurs who had been granted land concessions in the
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and French influence over eastern Siam. The French government also later placed new administrative posts in the colony and began to develop it economically while introducing French culture and language to locals as part of an assimilation program.
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In 1946, France allowed the Cambodians to form political parties and to hold elections for a Consultative Assembly that would advise the monarch on drafting the country's constitution. The two major parties were both headed by royal princes. The
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Japanese calls of "Asia for the Asiatics" found a receptive audience among Cambodian nationalists, although Tokyo's policy in Indochina was to leave the colonial government nominally in charge. When a prominent, politically active Buddhist monk,
1194:(Resident-General) for Cambodia, who was directly appointed by the Ministry of Marine and Colonies in Paris. The Resident-General was in turn assisted by Residents, or local governors, who were posted in all the provincial centres, such as,
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led a demonstration demanding his release. They, as well as other nationalists, apparently overestimated the Japanese willingness to back them, for the Vichy authorities quickly arrested the demonstrators and gave Pach Choeun, one of the
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threatened the eastern portion of the country. After the French establishment of a colony in Cochinchina (present-day southern Vietnam) in 1862, King Norodom of Cambodia requested a French protectorate over his kingdom. At the time,
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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In Phnom Penh, Sihanouk, acting as head of state, was placed in a delicate position of negotiating with the French for full independence while trying to neutralise party politicians and supporters of the Khmer Issarak and
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with the Japanese and was sent into exile in France to remain under house arrest. Some of his supporters went to north-western Cambodia, then still under Thai control, where they banded together as one faction in the
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Infrastructure and public works were also developed under French rule, and roads and railroads were constructed in Cambodian territory. Most notably, a railway connected Phnom Penh with Battambang on the Thai border.
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The first decades of French rule in Cambodia included numerous reforms into Cambodian politics, such as the reduction of the monarch's power and abolition of slavery. In 1884, the governor of Cochinchina,
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1154:. France was also to be in charge of Cambodia's foreign and trade relations as well as provide military protection. Siam later recognised the protectorate after France ceded the Cambodian province of
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allow him to return to his country. He made a triumphant entry into Phnom Penh on 29 October 1951. It was not long, however, before he began demanding withdrawal of French troops from Cambodia.
1558:. Four days later, King Sihanouk decreed an independent Kampuchea (the original Khmer pronunciation of Cambodia). Son Ngoc Thanh returned from Tokyo in May, and was appointed foreign minister.
1590:, were determined to recover Indochina, though they offered Cambodia and the other Indochinese protectorates a carefully circumscribed measure of self-government. Convinced that they had a "
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1143:, colonial governor of Cochinchina, was carrying out plans to expand French rule over the whole of Vietnam and viewed Cambodia as a buffer between French possessions in Vietnam and Siam.
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rule for almost three years, from June 1952 until February 1955. After dissolution of the assembly, he created an Advisory Council to supplant the legislature and appointed his father,
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celebrated on 9 November 1953. Control of residual matters affecting sovereignty, such as financial and budgetary affairs, passed to the new Cambodian state in 1954.
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peace with King Norodom and the French officials, but was taken captive by the French army and subsequently killed, officially putting an end to the rebellion.
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France later tightened its control over Cambodia while expanding the protectorate's territory in 1902 and 1904 through treaties with Siam, which added
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Both France and Siam agreed to do a territorial exchange based on the Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907. From this, the French gained the provinces of
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In education, there was also growing resentment among Cambodian students of the minority Vietnamese holding a more favoured status. In 1936,
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backed the return of French and Dutch rule in Asia and organised dispatches of Indian soldiers under British command for this purpose.
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In 1904, King Norodom died and rather than pass the throne on to Norodom's sons, the French passed the succession to Norodom's brother
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On 15 August 1945, the day Japan surrendered, a new government was established with Son Ngoc Thanh acting as prime minister. When an
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Province. Siemreab, part of the autonomous military zone established in 1949, was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
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allowed French colonial officials to remain in their colonies under Japanese supervision. In December 1940, the
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The subject of European colonies in Asia was among those discussed during the war by the Allied leaders of the
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and had its protectorate status removed in 1949. Cambodia later gained independence. The day was celebrated as
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the French colonial administration on 9 March 1945, and urged Cambodia to declare its independence within the
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Many Democrats sympathised with the violent methods of the Khmer Issarak. The Liberal Party, led by Prince
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With a solid majority in the assembly, the Democrats drafted a constitution modelled on that of the
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editors, a life sentence. The other editor, Son Ngoc Thanh, escaped from Phnom Penh to Tokyo.
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in 1902. Cambodia, being a constituent protectorate of French Indochina, was governed by the
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continued to be largely involved in commerce but higher positions were given to the French.
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still continued to pay high taxes and in 1916, protests broke out demanding for tax cuts.
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was allowed to remain, but power was largely vested in a resident general to be housed in
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1929:"Roosevelt and Stalin, The Failed Courtship" by Robert Nisbet, pub: Regnery Gateway, 1988
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created a sense of pride and awareness of Cambodia's once powerful status in the past.
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From Rice Fields to Killing Fields: Nature, Life, and Labor under the Khmer Rouge
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in 1940, Cambodia and the rest of French Indochina were ruled by the Axis-puppet
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requested the establishment of a French protectorate over his country, meanwhile
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over Cambodia and officially recognised the French protectorate on Cambodia.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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union in 1887 along with the French colonies and protectorates in
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force occupied Phnom Penh in October, Thanh was arrested for
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self-rule as well as French restoration of monuments such as
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Cambodia's situation at the end of the war was chaotic. The
2029:: Disputed Jurisdictions in the Protectorate of Cambodia".
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respectively. Prior to Cambodia's historical claim over
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before it had been closed down by the French in 1942.
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97:{{Translated|fr|Protectorat français du Cambodge}}
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1354:However, as French rule consolidated after the
1678:(CIA) by Sihanouk, he remained in exile until
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85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
4372:States and territories disestablished in 1953
3635:
3281:
3037:
2834:
2592:
2547:
2111:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1883:Le Cambodge: Témoignages d'hier à aujourd'hui
1783:Le Cambodge: Témoignages d'hier à aujourd'hui
1777:
1775:
2349:French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
1689:
1134:while growing influence from the Vietnamese
238:
148:
3431:
2230:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
1838:
1836:
1670:He reiterated this demand in early 1952 in
1577:
1420:
1327:led to the accidental French annexation of
220:
128:
4367:States and territories established in 1863
3642:
3628:
3288:
3274:
3044:
3030:
2841:
2827:
2599:
2585:
2561:
2554:
2540:
2118:
2104:
1932:
1920:
1772:
277:
3308:
2209:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
2334:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1833:
1485:
1430:
1169:
1114:
16:1863–1953 protectorate in Southeast Asia
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1165:
1110:
1009:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4334:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1556:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1217:
4437:Former polities of the Indochina Wars
4347:Former countries in Cambodian history
3649:
3623:
3430:
3307:
3269:
3025:
2822:
2580:
2535:
2329:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2099:
1842:
663:• Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907
2521:Governor-General of French Indochina
2125:
1999:
20:
3295:
3004:French colonization of the Americas
2024:
1952:
1814:Traité du 23 mars 1907 avec le Siam
1030:ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង
13:
4402:1945 disestablishments in Cambodia
4382:1953 disestablishments in Cambodia
4362:Former countries in Southeast Asia
2018:
1863:from the original on 14 March 2019
1178:greeting French officials in 1911.
14:
4453:
2072:
1607:, operating in the border areas.
1346:Economy during French colonialism
1075:Cambodia was integrated into the
4412:1945 disestablishments in France
4392:1953 disestablishments in France
4204:Courtship, marriage, and divorce
3781:
2284:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
1989:
1785:, L'Harmattan, 2006, pages 97–98
1225:Charles Antoine François Thomson
1038:Protectorat français du Cambodge
989:
929:
911:
878:
860:
283:Cambodia within French Indochina
253:
199:
183:
25:
4397:1945 establishments in Cambodia
4377:1863 establishments in Cambodia
4342:French protectorate of Cambodia
3701:French protectorate of Cambodia
3498:French domains of the Holy Land
2057:10.14321/frencolohist.16.1.0073
2049:10.14321/frencolohist.16.1.0073
2041:Michigan State University Press
1907:
1902:Pol Pot anatomie d'un cauchemar
1531:at the three summit meetings -
1427:Japanese occupation of Cambodia
1158:and recognised Thai control of
1022:French protectorate of Cambodia
3758:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
3753:People's Republic of Kampuchea
3493:French domains of Saint Helena
2610:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
2501:Paris Foreign Missions Society
2255:Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
2000:Ross, Russell R., ed. (1987).
1875:
1788:
1389:Emergence of Khmer nationalism
969:
960:
144:Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa
95:You may also add the template
1:
4407:1945 establishments in France
4387:1863 establishments in France
2240:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
1730:
1247:Administrative reorganisation
652:Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1904
3228:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
2455:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
2279:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
2235:Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
1949:, Pub: Basic Books, 2010>
1885:, L'Harmattan, 2006, page 98
1707:near the ruins of Angkor in
1453:invasion of French Indochina
437:semi-constitutional monarchy
7:
3468: and Antarctic Lands
2380:Treaty of Versailles (1787)
2324:French–Thai War (1940–1941)
2267:Sino-French War (1884–1885)
2260:Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
2025:Low, Sally (Spring 2016). "
1676:Central Intelligence Agency
1186:until the capital moved to
1141:Pierre-Paul de La Grandière
1040:) refers to the Kingdom of
230:
143:
10:
4458:
2511:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
2245:French conquest of Vietnam
2027:Les Tribunaux Résidentiels
1719:of Cambodia, Vietnam, and
1451:government and despite an
1424:
59:Machine translation, like
4417:Cambodia–France relations
4291:
4174:
4074:
4065:
3985:
3976:
3887:
3878:
3799:
3790:
3779:
3661:
3581:
3520:
3476:
3459:
3441:
3437:
3426:
3398:
3385:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3358:
3318:
3314:
3303:
3262:
3246:French East India Company
3236:
3208:
3156:
3108:
3060:
3021:
3009:French West India Company
2999:
2971:
2902:
2859:
2818:
2791:
2763:
2725:
2643:
2615:
2576:
2569:
2493:
2435:Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
2423:
2410:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
2372:
2294:1916 Cochinchina uprising
2222:
2169:
2156:France–Thailand relations
2133:
2008:Federal Research Division
2003:Cambodia: A Country Study
1819:24 September 2015 at the
1690:Campaign for independence
1029:
955:
945:
839:
829:
817:
799:
770:
766:
756:
752:
747:
743:
730:
717:
707:
697:
684:
671:
661:
648:
635:
625:
621:
611:
598:
594:
582:
570:
566:
556:
552:
540:
530:• 1863–1866 (first)
528:
524:
514:
510:
498:
486:
474:
464:• 1863–1904 (first)
462:
458:
448:
410:
387:
366:
343:
316:
306:Constituent territory of
288:
276:
221:
215:
179:
165:
129:
123:
40:the corresponding article
4427:20th century in Cambodia
4422:19th century in Cambodia
3804:Administrative divisions
3748:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
3524: the Indian Ocean
2475:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
2415:Geneva Conference (1954)
2151:France–Vietnam relations
1843:Tyner, James A. (2017).
1578:Struggle for Khmer unity
1421:World War II in Cambodia
1251:In 1896, France and the
500:• 1941–1953 (last)
4352:Former colonies in Asia
3432:Uninhabited territories
2943:Saint Kitts & Nevis
2506:Tirailleurs indochinois
2440:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
2395:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
2385:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
2359:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
2250:Siege of Tourane (1858)
2032:French Colonial History
1915:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1904:, Denoël, 2007, page 47
1796:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1748:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1483:provinces to Thailand.
106:For more guidance, see
4357:Former French colonies
4038:Special Economic Zones
4033:Science and technology
3362: collectivities
3200:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3053:Former French colonies
2850:Former French colonies
2608:Former French colonies
2563:French overseas empire
2272:Pacification of Tonkin
2161:France–China relations
2146:French colonial empire
1943:Churchill's Secret war
1663:extended recognition.
1645:French Fourth Republic
1495:
1440:
1179:
1123:
1054:French colonial empire
1037:
997:This article contains
239:
149:
3309:Inhabited territories
3241:France–Asia relations
2796:Somaliland (Djibouti)
2445:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
2141:France–Asia relations
2089:25 April 2018 at the
1825:Annales de géographie
1521:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1489:
1434:
1395:Cambodian nationalism
1356:Franco-Siamese crisis
1297:Preah Vihear Province
1266:Franco-Siamese crisis
1173:
1118:
1044:when it was a French
699:• Reestablished
627:• Establishment
344:Common languages
130:ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
4432:Former protectorates
3866:World Heritage Sites
3736:Democratic Kampuchea
3587:overseas departments
3522:Scattered Islands in
3403: collectivity
2861:French North America
2405:Treaty of Huế (1884)
2400:Treaty of Huế (1883)
2390:Treaty of Huế (1863)
2364:Partition of Vietnam
2304:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
2299:Thái Nguyên uprising
1947:Madhushree Mukherjee
1913:Philippe Franchini,
1794:Philippe Franchini,
1746:Philippe Franchini,
1309:Stung Treng Province
1166:French colonial rule
1111:Start of French rule
1107:on 9 November 1953.
975:As High Commissioner
907:Kingdom of Kampuchea
890:Kingdom of Kampuchea
872:Post-Angkor Cambodia
709:• Constitution
572:• 1945 (first)
4156:Social organization
3706:Japanese occupation
3556:Juan de Nova Island
3443:North Pacific Ocean
3055:in Asia and Oceania
2450:Charles de Montigny
2354:First Indochina War
2309:Bazin assassination
2084:Cambodian Genealogy
1812:Maurice Zimmerman,
1767:La France coloniale
1610:The group included
1393:Unlike in Vietnam,
1360:Battambang province
1325:Siem Reap Provinces
1218:Revolt of 1885–1887
925:Kingdom of Cambodia
680:Oct 1940 – Jan 1941
584:• 1953 (last)
542:• 1953 (last)
150:Royaume du Cambodge
125:Kingdom of Cambodia
4043:Telecommunications
3741:Cambodian genocide
3696:Post-Angkor period
3461:Overseas territory
2986:France Antarctique
2973:Equinoctial France
2936:Dominican Republic
1605:guerrilla movement
1592:civilizing mission
1496:
1441:
1435:The coronation of
1383:Chinese Cambodians
1301:Champasak Province
1192:Résident Supérieur
1180:
1148:Cambodian monarchy
1124:
374:Theravada Buddhism
245:"Majestic Kingdom"
240:Royaume majestueux
87:interlanguage link
4327:
4326:
4287:
4286:
4121:Human trafficking
4061:
4060:
4020:Natural resources
3972:
3971:
3959:Political parties
3902:Foreign relations
3874:
3873:
3763:State of Cambodia
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3512:Amsterdam Islands
3503:Kerguelen Islands
3451:Clipperton Island
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3390:Wallis and Futuna
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3158:Mandate for Syria
3148:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
3110:Indochinese Union
3017:
3016:
2814:
2813:
2727:Equatorial Africa
2529:
2528:
2339:August Revolution
1697:Norodom Suramarit
1638:Norodom Norindeth
1588:Charles de Gaulle
1537:Tehran Conference
1005:rendering support
985:
984:
966:As Representative
941:
940:
937:
936:
895:
894:
734:Geneva Conference
516:Resident-Superior
493:Sisowath Monivong
488:• 1927–1941
476:• 1904–1927
418:absolute monarchy
379:Roman Catholicism
269:
119:
118:
52:
48:
4449:
4307:
4300:
4072:
4071:
4028:
4010:Economic history
3983:
3982:
3885:
3884:
3797:
3796:
3785:
3721:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3542:Glorioso Islands
3523:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3402:
3375:Saint Barthélemy
3370:French Polynesia
3361:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3075:Coromandel Coast
3046:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3022:
2904:French Caribbean
2884:Terre Neuve
2843:
2836:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2516:Tonkinese Rifles
2214:State of Vietnam
2127:French Indochina
2120:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2068:
2012:
2011:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1927:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1840:
1831:
1810:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1763:Pierre Montagnon
1760:
1751:
1744:
1682:established the
1627:Democratic Party
1586:, under General
1541:Yalta Conference
1533:Cairo Conference
1437:Norodom Sihanouk
1290:Prince Yukanthor
1105:Independence Day
1077:French Indochina
1050:French Indochina
1031:
1011: instead of
993:
992:
976:
973:
967:
964:
933:
932:
915:
914:
899:
898:
882:
881:
864:
863:
857:
856:
841:
840:
808:
657:13 February 1904
639:French Indochina
607:
577:Norodom Sihanouk
535:Ernest de Lagrée
505:Norodom Sihanouk
336:
328:
308:French Indochina
303:
281:
271:
270:
242:
235:
224:
223:
203:
187:
160:
152:
146:
140:
132:
131:
121:
120:
98:
92:
65:Google Translate
50:
46:
29:
28:
21:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4323:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4283:
4269:Public holidays
4170:
4146:Sex trafficking
4057:
4026:
3968:
3934:Law enforcement
3870:
3851:Protected areas
3786:
3777:
3773:Modern Cambodia
3719:
3657:
3648:
3618:
3609:
3591:Claimed by the
3565:
3561:Tromelin Island
3532:Bassas da India
3516:
3466:French Southern
3455:
3433:
3414:
3394:
3354:
3322: regions
3310:
3299:
3297:Overseas France
3294:
3250:
3232:
3204:
3190:Greater Lebanon
3160:and the Lebanon
3159:
3152:
3104:
3056:
3050:
3013:
2995:
2967:
2898:
2855:
2853:in the Americas
2847:
2810:
2787:
2759:
2721:
2639:
2611:
2605:
2565:
2560:
2530:
2525:
2489:
2470:Francis Garnier
2428:
2426:
2419:
2368:
2218:
2171:
2165:
2129:
2124:
2091:Wayback Machine
2075:
2021:
2019:Further reading
2016:
2015:
1990:
1988:
1953:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1896:
1889:
1881:Claude Gilles,
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1841:
1834:
1821:Wayback Machine
1811:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1781:Claude Gilles,
1780:
1773:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1692:
1580:
1492:Empire of Japan
1461:French-Thai War
1429:
1423:
1391:
1348:
1249:
1220:
1168:
1128:Kingdom of Siam
1113:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1003:Without proper
994:
990:
981:
980:
979:
974:
970:
965:
961:
930:
924:
912:
906:
889:
879:
871:
861:
803:
795:
759:
736:
726:9 November 1953
723:
710:
703:16 October 1945
700:
690:
677:
675:Franco-Thai War
664:
654:
644:17 October 1887
641:
628:
616:New Imperialism
605:
585:
573:
547:Jean Risterucci
543:
531:
501:
489:
477:
465:
443:
426:
424:
406:
383:
362:
339:
334:
326:
312:
295:
284:
272:
254:
251:
225:
211:
210:
209:
204:
196:
195:
193:
188:
175:
161:
154:
147:
141:
134:
126:
115:
114:
113:
96:
90:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4053:Transportation
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3964:Prime Minister
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Climate change
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3726:Khmer Republic
3723:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3585:Also known as
3582:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:Banc du Geyser
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3488:Crozet Islands
3485:
3477:
3471:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:Jabal al-Druze
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3168:State of Syria
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
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2073:External links
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2017:
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1445:Fall of France
1425:Main article:
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1407:Son Ngoc Thanh
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1379:British Malaya
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1253:British Empire
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3185:Alawite State
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1996:public domain
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946:Today part of
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434:parliamentary
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43:
41:
36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
4329:
4184:Architecture
4151:Social class
4131:Prostitution
4084:Demographics
4000:Child labour
3912:Human rights
3711:Puppet state
3700:
3691:Khmer Empire
3546:
3480:
3380:Saint Martin
3216:New Hebrides
3117:
3070:Chandernagor
3062:French India
2894:French Texas
2750:Ubangi-Shari
2745:Middle Congo
2712:James Island
2617:North Africa
2319:World War II
2204:Guangzhouwan
2193:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2002:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1898:Philip Short
1882:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1845:
1828:
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1497:
1481:Preah Vihear
1449:Vichy France
1442:
1410:
1404:
1392:
1372:
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1353:
1349:
1333:
1305:Bassac River
1294:
1283:
1274:King Norodom
1271:
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1233:
1221:
1191:
1181:
1145:
1125:
1120:King Norodom
1101:French Union
1074:
1068:) renounced
1046:protectorate
1021:
1019:
1013:Khmer script
996:
971:
962:
921:
903:
886:
868:
850:Succeeded by
849:
844:
821:dd/mm/yyyy (
758:• 1931
739:21 July 1954
721:Independence
688:Independence
441:French Union
324:Oudong/Udong
297:Protectorate
216:
83:edit summary
74:
45:
37:
18:
4442:Axis powers
4249:Mat weaving
4244:Manuscripts
3990:Agriculture
3681:Nokor Phnom
3603:Claimed by
3597:Claimed by
3482:Adélie Land
3400:Sui generis
3131:Cochinchina
2948:Saint Lucia
2702:Upper Volta
2645:West Africa
2289:World War I
2179:Cochinchina
2172:territories
2170:Constituent
1661:South Korea
1631:Nagaravatta
1619:Khmer Serei
1584:Free French
1510:Nagaravatta
1505:Nagaravatta
1475:(excluding
1317:Stung Treng
1089:Cochinchina
845:Preceded by
818:Date format
792:(1885–1953)
786:(1875–1885)
780:(1863–1875)
606:(1947–1953)
599:Legislature
444:(1947–1953)
439:within the
425:(1863–1947)
420:within the
335:(1866–1953)
327:(1863–1866)
248:(1941–1953)
232:Nôkôr Réach
194:(1863–1948)
4336:Categories
4239:Literature
4027:(currency)
3954:Parliament
3907:Government
3829:Ecoregions
3599:Madagascar
3508:Saint Paul
3340:Martinique
3335:Guadeloupe
3090:Pondichéry
2801:Madagascar
2673:Mauritania
2134:Background
2043:: 73–102.
1867:23 January
1731:References
1672:Khmer Krok
1612:indigenous
1574:movement.
1479:town) and
1465:Battambang
1443:After the
1411:Notre cité
1400:Angkor Wat
1336:Battambang
1321:Battambang
1279:Vietnamese
1261:Battambang
1229:figurehead
1212:Phnom Penh
1196:Battambang
1156:Battambang
1152:Phnom Penh
1070:suzerainty
748:Population
713:6 May 1947
603:Parliament
589:Penn Nouth
411:Government
389:Demonym(s)
353:(official)
332:Phnom Penh
207:Royal arms
4229:Jewellery
4224:Epigraphy
4161:Squatting
4126:Languages
4089:Education
3924:Judiciary
3897:Elections
3844:Tonlé Sap
3792:Geography
3731:Civil War
3720:(1953–70)
3605:Mauritius
3464: (
2874:Louisiana
2755:Cameroons
2065:151758906
1829:Persée.fr
1686:in 1970.
1600:Viet Minh
1552:dissolved
1529:Churchill
1517:Big Three
1501:Hem Chieu
1477:Siem Reap
1473:Siem Reap
1340:Siem Reap
1331:in 1904.
1313:Champasak
1257:Indochina
1234:In 1885,
1208:Siem Reap
831:Drives on
800:Time zone
762:2,803,000
397:Cambodian
367:Religion
172:1945–1953
169:1863–1945
101:talk page
42:in French
4314:Category
4234:Keyboard
4199:Clothing
4136:Religion
4109:HIV/AIDS
4099:Gambling
3944:Monarchy
3939:Military
3880:Politics
3861:Wildlife
3671:Timeline
3655:articles
3651:Cambodia
3360:Overseas
3320:Overseas
3178:Damascus
3127:Vietnam
3118:Cambodia
3095:Karaikal
2912:Dominica
2707:Togoland
2373:Treaties
2194:Cambodia
2087:Archived
1861:Archived
1817:Archived
1709:Siemreab
1615:leftists
1469:Sisophon
1362:(West).
1286:Sisowath
1236:Si Votha
1176:Sisowath
1066:Thailand
1064:(modern
1042:Cambodia
950:Cambodia
771:Currency
481:Sisowath
428:Elective
415:Elective
359:(common)
77:provide
4298:Outline
4279:Theatre
4209:Cuisine
4176:Culture
4116:Hunting
4067:Society
4048:Tourism
3995:Banking
3978:Economy
3892:Cabinet
3834:Islands
3809:Borders
3663:History
3593:Comoros
3350:Réunion
3345:Mayotte
3263:Present
3221:Vanuatu
3209:Oceania
2981:Berbice
2917:Grenada
2773:Anjouan
2765:Comoros
2717:Albreda
2690:Senegal
2658:Dahomey
2635:Tunisia
2630:Morocco
2625:Algeria
1713:Lon Nol
1680:Lon Nol
1494:in 1942
1439:in 1941
1085:Vietnam
1058:Norodom
1048:within
790:Piastre
732:•
719:•
686:•
673:•
650:•
637:•
469:Norodom
450:Monarch
317:Capital
217:Anthem:
99:to the
81:in the
44:.
4319:Portal
4194:Cinema
4104:Health
4015:Mining
4005:Energy
3856:Rivers
3814:Cities
3686:Chenla
3653:
3173:Aleppo
3141:Tonkin
3100:Yanaon
3080:Madras
2958:Tobago
2879:Canada
2869:Acadia
2783:Mohéli
2668:Guinea
2570:Former
2425:French
2223:Events
2184:Tonkin
2063:
2055:
1998:.
1945:", by
1853:
1563:Allied
1527:, and
1525:Stalin
1240:Kampot
1206:, and
1204:Oudong
1200:Pursat
1184:Saigon
1160:Angkor
1132:Angkor
1097:Tonkin
1095:, and
1034:French
807:+07:00
562:
520:
454:
351:French
301:France
289:Status
222:នគររាជ
219:
157:French
153:
133:
4305:Index
4274:Sport
4259:Music
4254:Media
4219:Dance
4166:Youth
4141:Women
4079:Crime
4025:Riel
3949:Motto
3839:Lakes
3768:UNTAC
3136:Annam
2991:Inini
2932:Haïti
2740:Gabon
2685:Niger
2663:Sudan
2189:Annam
2061:S2CID
2053:JSTOR
1457:Japan
1188:Hanoi
1174:King
1093:Annam
1026:Khmer
1001:text.
999:Khmer
922:1953:
904:1945:
887:1945:
869:1863:
835:right
784:Franc
778:Tical
402:Khmer
357:Khmer
137:Khmer
61:DeepL
3917:LGBT
3510:and
3123:Laos
3085:Mahé
2735:Chad
2199:Laos
1869:2019
1851:ISBN
1721:Laos
1539:and
1490:The
1377:and
1338:and
1323:and
1299:and
1083:and
1081:Laos
1062:Siam
1020:The
191:Flag
75:must
73:You
4189:Art
3929:Law
2045:doi
811:ICT
805:UTC
299:of
63:or
4338::
2934:,
2059:.
2051:.
2039:.
2037:16
2035:.
2006:.
1954:^
1934:^
1922:^
1900:,
1890:^
1859:.
1835:^
1823:,
1803:^
1774:^
1765:,
1755:^
1739:^
1535:,
1523:,
1519:,
1471:,
1467:,
1455:,
1231:.
1210:.
1202:,
1198:,
1162:.
1091:,
1036::
1032:;
1028::
823:CE
4215:)
4211:(
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3629:v
3470:)
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2119:e
2112:t
2105:v
2067:.
2047::
2010:.
1941:"
1871:.
1087:(
1024:(
1015:.
825:)
813:)
809:(
159:)
155:(
139:)
135:(
110:.
103:.
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