945:
966:
1829:
1113:
1802:
1353:
1287:
1396:
1638:
1331:
1178:
1156:
1374:
902:
1042:
1704:
924:
1660:
1309:
1898:
1682:
49:
20:
1134:
36:
1476:
1020:
1417:
1763:
expression of deleterious recessive mutations in progeny that then exposes these mutations to selective elimination because of their deleterious affects on progeny. Outbreeding sexual reproduction allows females to choose male mating partners with smaller mutation loads that then also leads to a
156:: (Marine gastropods (Siphonarioidea, Sacoglossa, Amphiboloidea, Pyramidelloidea) are not depicted within Panpulmonata for simplification. Some of these highlighted families consist entirely of freshwater species, but some of them also contain, or even mainly consist of, marine species.)
2546:
Noël E, Fruitet E, Lelaurin D, Bonel N, Ségard A, Sarda V, Jarne P, David P. Sexual selection and inbreeding: Two efficient ways to limit the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Evol Lett. 2018 Dec 10;3(1):80-92. doi: 10.1002/evl3.93. PMID 30788144; PMCID:
75:. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a
2420:
Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of
Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia".
1828:
994:
are a large group of gilled operculate snails, which are largely marine. In freshwater habitats there are ten major families of caenogastropods, as well as several other families of lesser importance:
2651:
Adema C. M., Bayne C. J., Bridger J. M., Knight M., Loker E. S., Yoshino T. P. & Zhang S.-M. (2012). "Will All
Scientists Working on Snails and the Diseases They Transmit Please Stand Up?".
1494:
139:
According to a 2008 review of the taxonomy, there are about 4,000 species of freshwater gastropods (3,795–3,972). As of 2023, there are 5182 known species of fossil freshwater gastropods.
1855:
Freshwater snails are commonly found in aquaria along with tropical fish. Species available vary in different parts of the world. In the United States, commonly available species include
123:
of gastropods have successfully colonized freshwater environments. It is not possible to quantify the exact number of these lineages yet, because they have yet to be clarified within the
2177:
Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily
Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules".
1012:- medium to large snails, live-bearing, commonly referred to as "mystery snails". Worldwide except South America, and everywhere confined to fresh waters. About 125–150 species.
1801:
1589:
are pulmonate or air-breathing aquatic snails, characterized by having their eyes located at the base of their tentacles, rather than at the tips, as in the true land snails
2487:
Reid D. G., Aravind N. A., & Madhyastha N. A. (2013). "A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the
Western Ghats of India: the genus
1593:. The majority of basommatophorans have shells that are thin, translucent, and relatively colorless, and all five freshwater basommatophoran families lack an operculum.
2714:
Vermeij J. & Wesselingh F. P. (2002). "Neogastropod molluscs from the
Miocene of western Amazonia, with comments on marine to freshwater transitions in molluscs".
2692:
2379:
147:
944:
965:
2690:
Haynes A. (2000). "The distribution of freshwater gastropods on four
Vanuatu islands: Espiritu Santo, Pentecost, Éfate and Tanna (South Pacific)".
894:- largely confined to the tropics, also the rivers of Europe, family includes the marine "nerites". There are about 110 extant freshwater species.
1764:
reduction of deleterious mutations in progeny. On the basis of their findings, Noel et al. concluded that both outbred and inbred populations of
1618:- found worldwide, but are most numerous in temperate and northern regions. These are the dextral (right-handed) pond snails. About 100 species.
1112:
1743:
snail that can undergo either sexual reproduction or self-fertilization. Noel et al. experimentally tested whether accumulation of deleterious
1006:- an exclusively freshwater family that is largely tropical and includes the large "apple snails" kept in aquaria. About 105–170 species.
2566:
XIII Simposio de
Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1999 (Edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, B. Arroyo and A.C. De Suasnávar)
1352:
1083:- about 100 species in south Asia, diverse in African Lakes, and Sri Lanka. Formerly classified with the Pleuroceridae by some authors.
1330:
2519:
2493:
2179:
1395:
1286:
1155:
901:
2681:
2558:
2517:
Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of
Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)".
1637:
1373:
1105:- high-spired parthenogenic snails of the tropics, includes those referred to as "trumpet snails" in aquaria. About 110 species.
2636:
1071:- family native to rivers draining to the Mediterranean, also Middle East, and some South Pacific islands. About 25–50 species.
2559:"Entre la política y economía: Resultados preliminares de las primeras temporadas del Proyecto Arqueológico Motul de San José"
1177:
2216:
1703:
1089:- abundant and diverse in eastern North America, largely high-spired snails of small to large size. About 150 species.
1041:
2632:
2397:
2653:
150:(2005), modified after Jörger et al. (2010) and simplified with families that contain freshwater species marked in
1659:
1308:
1077:- 165–225 species. native to South and Central America. Formerly included with the Pleuroceridae by many authors.
923:
112:
Freshwater snails are indirectly among the deadliest animals to humans, as they carry parasitic worms that cause
2728:
2708:
2759:
2145:
1273:- small amphibious snails scattered worldwide, most diverse in eastern and Southeast Asia. About 170 species.
1681:
1133:
1019:
2036:
2754:
1544:
91:
need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a
2423:
2120:
1909:
Freshwater snails are widely known to be hosts in the lifecycles of a variety of human and animal
1834:
A Bengali dish of stir-fried freshwater snails with onion and garlic paste and other spices, from
1630:- left-handed (sinistral) "pouch snails", native to Europe, Asia, North America. About 80 species.
2716:
2017:
1876:
1792:
1385:
1099:
snails of northwestern North
America. Formerly included with the Pleuroceridae. About 50 species.
693:
2291:& Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater".
1983:
1550:
1538:
1498:
1364:
1189:
1167:
2684:
Typology of molluscs of flowing water; biotypological organisations; socioecological groupings
2476:
Zoogeography of Fresh Waters, Vol. 1, General
Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals
1600:- small to medium-sized snails confined to temperate and cold South America. About 15 species.
1255:- small to very small snails found worldwide. About 1250 freshwater species other are marine.
913:
878:
53:
2076:
1935:
1715:
1556:
1407:
1298:
1124:
585:
24:
8:
2607:
1999:
1756:
1649:
1562:
1342:
1245:
1053:
120:
2569:
2371:
2064:
1485:
956:
935:
726:
80:
2628:
2531:
2505:
2403:
2393:
2349:
2341:
2212:
2191:
2032:
1871:
1861:
1788:
1671:
1162:
1092:
1031:
640:
400:
344:
283:
268:
199:
40:
2724:
2700:
2661:
2527:
2501:
2431:
2367:
2331:
2301:
2187:
1573:
1450:
1320:
2665:
2056:
2048:
2040:
1590:
1421:
1264:
991:
487:
434:
420:
317:
229:
113:
76:
2375:
2288:
2052:
1977:
1965:
1941:
1856:
1731:
1693:
1586:
1462:
1380:
1258:
977:
665:
572:
481:
214:
106:
2734:
2305:
2207:. pages 251–259. In: Sturm C. F., Pearce T. A. & Valdés A. (eds.) (2006).
2748:
2435:
2407:
2345:
2293:
2060:
1924:
1808:
1777:
1533:
1526:
1512:
1457:
1402:
1337:
1276:
1270:
1240:
1209:
1140:
1086:
1074:
1026:
1003:
771:
759:
754:
670:
541:
530:
499:
493:
469:
394:
382:
349:
128:
97:
2704:
2353:
2044:
2005:
1989:
1953:
1315:
1234:
1222:
1204:
1145:
1119:
1068:
885:
870:
652:
463:
451:
439:
376:
371:
288:
241:
124:
1213:
are freshwater living in streams and waterfalls. Other species are marine.
116:, a disease estimated to kill between 10,000 and 200,000 people annually.
79:, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater
2384:
1994:
1971:
1929:
1919:
1902:
1897:
1866:
1839:
1812:
1752:
1710:
1644:
1621:
1609:
1606:- small limpet-like snails confined to New Zealand. One or three species.
1493:
1439:
1426:
1359:
1293:
1252:
1228:
1216:
1080:
1048:
1009:
874:
787:
722:
710:
535:
515:
475:
457:
445:
388:
355:
102:
72:
29:
48:
2081:
2022:
1914:
1910:
1748:
1666:
1624:- "rams horn" snails, with a worldwide distribution. About 250 species.
1615:
1597:
1568:
1518:
1480:
765:
716:
698:
618:
604:
590:
19:
2336:
2319:
1917:(or "flukes"). Some of these relations for prosobranch snails include
35:
2091:
2086:
1784:
1475:
1184:
1102:
972:
951:
930:
908:
891:
406:
294:
143:
119:
There are thousands of known species, and at least 33–38 independent
88:
65:
1521:- small low-spired snails referred to as "valve snails". 71 species.
2298:
2096:
2027:
1947:
1885:
1820:
1760:
1744:
1740:
1688:
1627:
1603:
1444:
731:
704:
152:
2209:
The Mollusks: A Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation
1987:. Basommatophoran snails are even more widely infected, with many
2011:
1835:
68:
1751:
populations of the snail (undergoing self-fertilization), or in
1231:- small snails, native to Eastern Hemisphere. About 130 species.
1959:
1816:
2320:"The fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda – a global review"
1416:
1843:
1724:
146:
is an overview of the main clades of gastropods based on the
2107:
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference
1735:
is in the subclass Heterobranchia and the family Physidae.
1466:, native to Southeast Asia. Other Marginellidae are marine.
127:. From six to eight of these independent lineages occur in
92:
84:
2366:
1905:
species which have freshwater snails as intermediate hosts
1536:(including synonym Strubelliidae) - 5 shell-less species:
254:† Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position
1502:
is one of very few freshwater gastropods without a shell.
1454:, native to Southeast Asia. Other Nassariidae are marine.
1776:
Several different freshwater snail species are eaten in
173:† Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
2729:
10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0265:NMFTMO>2.0.CO;2
2380:
Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families
2039:" applies to all snail-borne infections, including
2491:W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)".
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
1768:can efficiently eliminate deleterious mutations.
1279:- about 60 freshwater species, others are marine.
331:Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
2746:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
1571:- there is only one species which is shell-less
2392:(1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397.
1225:- about 20 freshwater species, other are marine
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2647:
2645:
2587:
2441:
2378:; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
28:, a small freshwater gastropod in the family
2511:
2119:Pflanzer, Lydia Ramsey (September 8, 2016).
2556:
2542:
2540:
2360:
2197:
2146:"The 24 deadliest animals on Earth, ranked"
186:† Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda
2642:
2613:
2414:
2222:
2211:. American Malacological Society, 445 pp.
2162:
1725:Sexual reproduction and self-fertilization
1095:- primarily eastern Asia, Japan, also the
2686:; Annls Limnol. Volume 17, Number 2, 1981
2520:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2494:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2481:
2335:
2180:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2121:"These are the world's deadliest animals"
1795:(AD 250–900) included freshwater snails.
2537:
2317:
2118:
1896:
1492:
1474:
1415:
47:
34:
18:
2602:Chandler A. C. & Read C P. (1961).
2143:
1442:- 8–10 freshwater species in the genus
2747:
2568:(in Spanish): 771–799. Archived from
2144:Learish, Jessica (October 15, 2016).
2009:and other parasitic groups. The tiny
101:). Most feed on algae, but many are
1807:A dish of cooked freshwater snails,
1460:- 2 freshwater species in the genus
877:" gilled snails which have a shelly
1787:have revealed that the diet of the
13:
2737:Freshwater snails of North America
2675:
2374:; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard;
2318:Neubauer, Thomas A. (2023-09-12).
1850:
985:
14:
2771:
2623:. In: Ortega I. R. (ed.) (2006).
2205:Chapter 21. Freshwater Gastropoda
1783:Archaeological investigations in
1470:
57:, an air-breathing ramshorn snail
2654:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2532:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x
2506:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x
2192:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x
1827:
1800:
1771:
1702:
1680:
1658:
1636:
1394:
1372:
1351:
1329:
1307:
1285:
1176:
1154:
1132:
1111:
1040:
1018:
964:
943:
922:
900:
148:taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi
2550:
1892:
864:
2311:
2137:
2112:
1:
2102:
888:- 5 extant freshwater species
2666:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001835
2604:Introduction to Parasitology
2287:Strong E. E., Gargominy O.,
7:
2478:. AULA - Verlag, Weisbaden.
2070:
2037:neglected tropical diseases
134:
10:
2776:
2031:and the cerceriae causing
1875:, the high-spired thiarid
1759:. Inbreeding promotes the
1545:Acochlidium bayerfehlmanni
873:are a group of primitive "
2306:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6
1582:Pulmonata, Basommatophora
1207:- 9 species in the genus
785:
752:
745:
691:
684:
663:
656:
638:
631:
616:
609:
583:
576:
528:
513:
432:
425:
369:
342:
329:
322:
281:
265:
252:
245:
227:
212:
197:
184:
171:
164:
2573:(PDF online publication)
2436:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323
2424:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2717:Journal of Paleontology
2018:Schistosoma haematobium
1997:) serving as hosts for
1877:Malaysian trumpet snail
1755:populations undergoing
1386:Lithoglyphus naticoides
2739:; 1982 - nepis.epa.gov
1984:Nanophyetus salmincola
1906:
1881:Melanoides tuberculata
1551:Acochlidium fijiiensis
1539:Acochlidium amboinense
1503:
1499:Acochlidium fijiiensis
1490:
1430:
1365:Sadleriana fluminensis
1190:Melanoides tuberculata
1168:Semisulcospira kurodai
58:
45:
32:
2693:Annales de Limnologie
2474:Banarescu P. (1990).
2203:Dillon R. T. (2006).
2025:) serve as hosts for
2015:snails are hosts for
1900:
1747:is avoided either by
1729:The freshwater snail
1496:
1478:
1419:
914:Theodoxus fluviatilis
668:with the only family
54:Planorbella trivolvis
51:
38:
22:
2760:Mollusc common names
2705:10.1051/limn/2000006
2621:Foodborne trematodes
2619:Adams A. M. (2006).
2557:Foias A. E. (2000).
2077:Terrestrial molluscs
1716:Planorbarius corneus
1557:Palliohedyle sutteri
1507:Lower Heterobranchia
1408:Oncomelania hupensis
1299:Bithynia tentaculata
1261:- about 100 species.
1237:- about 246 species.
1219:- about 200 species.
1125:Melanopsis praemorsa
586:Lower Heterobranchia
25:Bithynia tentaculata
2625:Foodborne parasites
2610:, New York. 822 pp.
2608:John Wiley and Sons
2372:Rocroi, Jean-Pierre
2021:. Lymnaeid snails (
2000:Schistosoma mansoni
1757:sexual reproduction
1650:Acroloxus lacustris
1612:- about 40 species.
1563:Strubellia paradoxa
1343:Helicostoa sinensis
1267:- about 55 species.
1246:Helicostoa sinensis
1243:- the only species
1054:Viviparus viviparus
2324:Biological Reviews
2065:angiostrongyliasis
1907:
1901:Life cycle of two
1504:
1491:
1486:Valvata piscinalis
1431:
957:Vittina waigiensis
936:Vittina natalensis
59:
46:
33:
2755:Freshwater snails
2368:Bouchet, Philippe
2337:10.1111/brv.13016
2217:978-1-58112-930-4
1872:Pomacea bridgesii
1862:Planorbella duryi
1672:Lymnaea stagnalis
1163:Semisulcospiridae
1093:Semisulcospiridae
1032:Pomacea bridgesii
998:Architaenioglossa
861:
860:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
825:
824:
816:
815:
807:
806:
798:
797:
641:Euopisthobranchia
562:
561:
553:
552:
401:Semisulcospiridae
345:Architaenioglossa
306:
305:
284:Cycloneritimorpha
269:Cyrtoneritimorpha
200:Patellogastropoda
62:Freshwater snails
41:Pomacea insularum
2767:
2669:
2649:
2640:
2617:
2611:
2600:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2515:
2509:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2439:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2339:
2315:
2309:
2285:
2220:
2201:
2195:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2125:Business Insider
2116:
1831:
1804:
1706:
1684:
1662:
1640:
1587:Basommatophorans
1574:Tantulum elegans
1398:
1376:
1355:
1333:
1321:Antrobia culveri
1311:
1289:
1180:
1158:
1136:
1115:
1044:
1022:
968:
947:
926:
904:
748:
747:
687:
686:
659:
658:
634:
633:
612:
611:
579:
578:
428:
427:
325:
324:
248:
247:
167:
166:
160:
159:
44:, an apple snail
16:Non-marine snail
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2745:
2744:
2678:
2676:Further reading
2673:
2672:
2650:
2643:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2516:
2512:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2442:
2419:
2415:
2400:
2376:Ponder, Winston
2365:
2361:
2316:
2312:
2286:
2223:
2202:
2198:
2176:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2073:
2057:opisthorchiasis
2049:fasciolopsiasis
2041:schistosomiasis
1913:, particularly
1895:
1857:ramshorn snails
1853:
1851:Aquarium snails
1846:
1832:
1823:
1805:
1774:
1727:
1720:
1707:
1698:
1685:
1676:
1663:
1654:
1641:
1591:Stylommatophora
1473:
1422:Anentome helena
1412:
1399:
1390:
1377:
1368:
1356:
1347:
1334:
1325:
1312:
1303:
1290:
1265:Moitessieriidae
1249:lives in China.
1199:Littorinimorpha
1194:
1181:
1172:
1159:
1150:
1137:
1128:
1116:
1058:
1045:
1036:
1023:
992:Caenogastropoda
988:
986:Caenogastropoda
981:
969:
960:
948:
939:
927:
918:
905:
867:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
563:
554:
488:Moitessieriidae
435:Littorinimorpha
421:Hypsogastropoda
318:Caenogastropoda
307:
230:Cocculiniformia
137:
114:schistosomiasis
17:
12:
11:
5:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2723:(2): 265–270.
2712:
2699:(2): 101–111.
2688:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2641:
2612:
2586:
2549:
2536:
2510:
2480:
2440:
2413:
2398:
2359:
2330:(1): 177–199.
2310:
2299:hdl.handle.net
2297:595: 149–166.
2221:
2196:
2161:
2136:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2053:paragonimiasis
2033:swimmer's itch
1978:Juga plicifera
1966:Semisulcospira
1942:Parafossarulus
1923:in the family
1894:
1891:
1883:, and several
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1806:
1799:
1793:Classic Period
1773:
1770:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1694:Physella acuta
1686:
1679:
1677:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1472:
1471:Heterobranchia
1469:
1468:
1467:
1463:Rivomarginella
1455:
1436:
1435:
1414:
1413:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1381:Lithoglyphidae
1378:
1371:
1369:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1259:Lithoglyphidae
1256:
1250:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1000:
999:
987:
984:
983:
982:
978:Clithon corona
970:
963:
961:
949:
942:
940:
928:
921:
919:
906:
899:
896:
895:
889:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
854:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
751:
746:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
690:
685:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
666:Glacidorboidea
662:
657:
655:
649:
648:
645:
644:
637:
632:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
615:
610:
608:
600:
599:
596:
595:
582:
577:
575:
573:Heterobranchia
569:
568:
565:
564:
560:
559:
556:
555:
551:
550:
547:
546:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
482:Lithoglyphidae
431:
426:
424:
416:
415:
412:
411:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
323:
321:
313:
312:
309:
308:
304:
303:
300:
299:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
244:
238:
237:
234:
233:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:Vetigastropoda
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
165:
163:
158:
142:The following
136:
133:
107:filter feeders
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2772:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2663:
2660:(12): e1835.
2659:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2633:0-387-30068-6
2630:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2575:on 2009-03-18
2571:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2503:
2500:(1): 93–135.
2499:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2489:Cremnoconchus
2484:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2399:3-925919-72-4
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2294:Hydrobiologia
2290:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:clonorchiasis
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:Pomatiopsidae
1922:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1778:Asian cuisine
1772:As human food
1769:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:Acochlidiidae
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:Acochlidiacea
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:- 20 species.
1514:
1513:Glacidorbidae
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1458:Marginellidae
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:Neogastropoda
1433:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:Pomatiopsidae
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:Helicostoidae
1332:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:Stenothyridae
1275:
1272:
1271:Pomatiopsidae
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:Helicostoidae
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:Cremnoconchus
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:Pleuroceridae
1135:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:Pleuroceridae
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:Pachychilidae
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:Ampullariidae
1021:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:Ampullariidae
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
995:
993:
980:
979:
974:
967:
962:
959:
958:
953:
946:
941:
938:
937:
932:
925:
920:
916:
915:
910:
903:
898:
897:
893:
890:
887:
884:
883:
882:
880:
876:
872:
857:
856:
848:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
821:
820:
812:
811:
803:
802:
794:
793:
790:
789:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
773:
772:Strubelliidae
768:
767:
762:
761:
760:Acochlidiidae
756:
755:Acochlidiacea
750:
749:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
733:
728:
725:
724:
719:
718:
713:
712:
707:
706:
701:
700:
695:
689:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:Glacidorbidae
667:
661:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
636:
635:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
614:
613:
606:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
592:
587:
581:
580:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
558:
557:
549:
548:
545:
544:
543:
542:Marginellidae
538:
537:
532:
531:Neogastropoda
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:Stenothyridae
496:
495:
494:Pomatiopsidae
490:
489:
484:
483:
478:
477:
472:
471:
470:Helicostoidae
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
430:
429:
422:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
396:
395:Pleuroceridae
391:
390:
385:
384:
383:Pachychilidae
379:
378:
373:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
357:
352:
351:
350:Ampullariidae
346:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
327:
326:
319:
315:
314:
311:
310:
302:
301:
298:
297:
296:
291:
290:
285:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
250:
249:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
162:
161:
157:
155:
154:
149:
145:
140:
132:
130:
129:North America
126:
122:
117:
115:
110:
108:
105:and some are
104:
100:
99:
98:Ampullariidae
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:that live in
70:
67:
63:
56:
55:
50:
43:
42:
37:
31:
27:
26:
21:
2736:
2735:J.B. Burch,
2720:
2715:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2682:J. Mouthon,
2657:
2652:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2603:
2577:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2565:
2552:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2389:
2383:
2362:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2292:
2289:Ponder W. F.
2208:
2204:
2199:
2186:(1): 43–89.
2183:
2178:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2114:
2106:
2045:fascioliasis
2035:. The term "
2026:
2016:
2010:
2006:Fasciolopsis
2004:
1998:
1990:Biomphalaria
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1954:Opisthorchis
1952:
1951:as hosts of
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1927:as hosts of
1918:
1908:
1893:Parasitology
1884:
1880:
1870:
1867:apple snails
1860:
1854:
1809:ampullariids
1782:
1775:
1765:
1741:self-fertile
1736:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1692:
1670:
1648:
1585:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1497:
1484:
1461:
1449:
1443:
1420:
1406:
1384:
1363:
1341:
1319:
1316:Cochliopidae
1297:
1244:
1235:Cochliopidae
1223:Assimineidae
1208:
1205:Littorinidae
1188:
1166:
1146:Io fluvialis
1144:
1123:
1120:Melanopsidae
1096:
1069:Melanopsidae
1063:Sorbeoconcha
1052:
1030:
989:
976:
955:
934:
912:
911:, shells of
886:Neritiliidae
871:Neritimorpha
868:
865:Neritimorpha
786:
770:
764:
758:
753:
730:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
692:
669:
664:
653:Panpulmonata
639:
617:
589:
584:
540:
534:
529:
514:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
464:Cochliopidae
462:
456:
452:Assimineidae
450:
444:
440:Littorinidae
438:
433:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
377:Melanopsidae
375:
372:Sorbeoconcha
370:
354:
348:
343:
330:
293:
289:Neritiliidae
287:
282:
266:
253:
242:Neritimorpha
228:
213:
198:
185:
172:
151:
141:
138:
125:Cerithioidea
118:
111:
103:detritivores
96:
89:other groups
61:
60:
52:
39:
23:
2584:, page 777.
2526:: 124–154.
2385:Malacologia
1995:Planorbidae
1972:Paragonimus
1930:Schistosoma
1920:Oncomelania
1903:liver fluke
1840:West Bengal
1753:outbreeding
1732:Physa acuta
1711:Planorbidae
1645:Acroloxidae
1622:Planorbidae
1610:Acroloxidae
1440:Nassariidae
1427:Nassariidae
1360:Hydrobiidae
1294:Bithyniidae
1253:Hydrobiidae
1229:Bithyniidae
1217:Amnicolidae
1081:Paludomidae
1049:Viviparidae
1010:Viviparidae
875:prosobranch
788:Eupulmonata
723:Planorbidae
711:Acroloxidae
536:Nassariidae
516:Ptenoglossa
476:Hydrobiidae
458:Bithyniidae
446:Amnicolidae
389:Paludomidae
356:Viviparidae
73:fresh water
30:Bithyniidae
2749:Categories
2579:2009-03-01
2547:PMC6369961
2155:2024-08-09
2130:2024-08-09
2103:References
2082:Land snail
2023:Lymnaeidae
1915:trematodes
1813:viviparids
1761:homozygous
1749:inbreeding
1667:Lymnaeidae
1616:Lymnaeidae
1598:Chilinidae
1569:Tantulidae
1519:Valvatidae
1481:Valvatidae
766:Tantulidae
717:Lymnaeidae
699:Chilinidae
694:Hygrophila
619:Nudipleura
605:Euthyneura
591:Valvatidae
87:, whereas
2408:0076-2997
2346:1464-7931
2092:Sea snail
2087:Land slug
1981:may host
1969:may host
1911:parasites
1889:species.
1785:Guatemala
1745:mutations
1425:, family
1185:Thiaridae
1103:Thiaridae
973:Neritidae
952:Neritidae
931:Neritidae
909:Neritidae
892:Neritidae
879:operculum
407:Thiaridae
295:Neritidae
144:cladogram
66:gastropod
2637:page 178
2354:37698140
2097:Sea slug
2071:See also
2028:Fasciola
1948:Amnicola
1936:Bithynia
1886:Neritina
1869:such as
1859:such as
1821:Cambodia
1766:P. acuta
1737:P. acuta
1689:Physidae
1628:Physidae
1604:Latiidae
1445:Anentome
732:Physidae
705:Latiidae
153:boldface
135:Taxonomy
121:lineages
69:mollusks
2430:: 323.
2012:Bulinus
1836:Kolkata
1791:of the
1709:Family
1687:Family
1665:Family
1643:Family
1479:Family
1401:Family
1379:Family
1358:Family
1346:shells.
1336:Family
1314:Family
1292:Family
1183:Family
1161:Family
1139:Family
1118:Family
1047:Family
1025:Family
971:Family
950:Family
929:Family
907:Family
607:
423:
320:
81:respire
2631:
2406:
2396:
2352:
2344:
2215:
2063:, and
1960:Thiara
1933:, and
1817:Poipet
603:
419:
316:
95:(e.g.
83:using
2562:(PDF)
1844:India
1815:from
1739:is a
85:gills
77:shell
2629:ISBN
2404:ISSN
2394:ISBN
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