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reconstruction, as well as providing more numerically accurate images. As a result, commercial manufacturers of x-ray tomographic scanners started building systems capable of reconstructing high resolution images that were almost photographically perfect. In 1971, they published their research in
514:
At Madras
University, Professor Ramachandran was the favourite of the famous vice-chancellor and celebrated doctor and medical scientist, Sir Arcot Laksmanaswamy Mudaliar. Wanting to tackle problems at a more fundamental level, Ramachandran decided to use this information to examine the various
585:
Ramachandran and A.V. Lakshminarayanan developed convolution-backprojection algorithms which greatly improved the quality and practicality of results obtainable by x-ray tomography. Compared to previously used methods, their algorithms considerably reduced computer processing time for image
163:
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then known and also to develop a good 'yardstick' that could be used for examining and assessing any structure in general, but peptides in particular. The result which emerged from these calculations in 1962, – now commonly known as the
535:
conformation. When it was first calculated, crystal structures had barely been obtained for any protein. From the mid-1960s onward, Ramachandran studied many topics relating to the conformation of peptides including types of
408:
in 1942 in the
Electrical Engineering Department. Quickly realising his interest in physics, he switched to the Department of Physics to complete his master's and doctoral thesis under the supervision of Nobel laureate
587:
1821:
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and its application to determination of elastic constants' under the direction of
Professor William Alfred Wooster, popularly known as W.A. Wooster, a leading crystallography expert in the world.
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Ramachandran was devastated by the death of his wife
Rajalakshmi in 1998 and his health gradually deteriorated. During the last few years of his life, he suffered a stroke and was affected by
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for his 'outstanding contributions to crystallography'. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize as well for his fundamental contributions in protein structure and function.
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640:(CSIR) awards the "G N Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences & Technology" in his memory for work in Biological Sciences & Technology.
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as professor and head of the
Department of Physics where he continued his work on crystal physics. His interest, however, shifted to the structure of biological
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Three-dimensional reconstructions from radiographs and electron micrographs: Application of convolution instead of
Fourier Transforms,
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574:, NMR and other optical studies, and physico-chemical experimentation. In 1970, he founded the Molecular Biophysics Unit at the
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with his thesis submitted from
Bangalore (he did not attend any Madras college at that time). He subsequently received his
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1103:
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Ramachandran, G.N.; Ramakrishnan, C.; Sasisekharan, V. (1963). "Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations".
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2011:
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724:(2005). "Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran. 8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001: Elected FRS 1977".
652:
Ramachandran: A Biography of
Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran, the Famous Indian Biophysicist
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892:"The world has nearly forgotten the Indian scientist who cracked the structure of collagen"
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437:. The resulting field of crystal topography is used extensively in studies involving
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1011:"G N Ramachandran Gold Medal for Excellence in Biological Sciences & Technology"
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structure. He was the first to propose a triple-helical model for the structure of
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in 1949 as an assistant professor of physics. In 1952, he moved to
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433:. During his studies he created an X-ray focusing mirror for the
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511:, drawing worldwide scientific attention to the "Madras group".
1032:
G. N. Ramachandran – A Jewel in the Crown of the Indian
Science
364:. He subsequently went on to make other major contributions in
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who was known for his work that led to his creation of the
254:
954:"Official list of Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows (1969–present)"
3645:
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 68, pp. 2236–2240, 1971
531:
in 1963 and has become an essential tool in the field of
263:
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167:
149:
3640:
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials
1069:
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
3533:
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for Physics in India (1961) and the Fellowship of the
600:
Notable awards that Ramachandran received include the
593:
In 1981, Ramachandran became a founding member of the
2245:(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile
855:
451:
Ramachandran then spent two years (1947–1949) at the
396:
family. He completed his BSc honours in Physics from
727:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
760:
3797:
1984:Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences
3886:Founding members of the World Cultural Council
3821:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
716:
348:(8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001) was an Indian
2877:
2268:
1815:
1052:
638:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
471:After completing his PhD, he returned to the
856:Balaram, P; Ramaseshan, S. (21 April 2001).
413:. In 1942, he received a master's degree in
3851:St Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli alumni
3714:
889:
375:
2884:
2870:
2275:
2261:
2210:Tiruppattur Venkatachalamurti Ramakrishnan
1822:
1808:
1059:
1045:
459:, where he earned his PhD for 'studies on
816:
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For the Indian squash administrator, see
3891:Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom
871:(8). Indian Academy of Sciences: 908–910
798:
628:. Ramachandran died in 2001 at age 78.
425:degree in 1947. Here he mostly studied
14:
3798:
2987:
890:Venkatraman, Vijaysree (15 May 2017).
610:International Union of Crystallography
580:Centre of Advanced Study in Biophysics
2865:
2256:
2068:Kalyanapuram Rangachari Parthasarathy
1803:
1040:
649:
380:Ramachandran was born in the town of
338:Gopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran
302:St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli
3778:
3118:Phase transformation crystallography
794:
792:
790:
761:D. Balasubramanian (26 April 2001).
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
560:Protein and Polypeptide Conformation
398:St Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli
71:adding citations to reliable sources
42:
3625:Journal of Chemical Crystallography
2891:
24:
3866:Indian Institute of Science alumni
763:"The prize that missed the master"
710:
643:
499:proposed and published the triple
25:
3902:
1025:
787:
676:
466:
3777:
3766:
3765:
3372:
2175:Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan
2012:Tanjore Ramachandra Anantharaman
801:"G. N. Ramachandran (1922–2001)"
161:
47:
36:G. Ramachandran (disambiguation)
2123:Trivandrum Ramakrishnan Ramadas
2098:Thiruvenkatachari Parthasarathy
1003:
978:
554:He was awarded the prestigious
58:needs additional citations for
3881:20th-century Indian biologists
3831:20th-century Indian physicists
3567:Bilbao Crystallographic Server
1884:Thavamani Jegajothivel Pandian
966:
959:Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund
946:
911:
883:
849:
754:
619:
547:, peptides containing L and D
13:
1:
932:10.1016/S0022-2836(63)80023-6
669:
602:Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award
578:which was later known as the
566:the then disparate fields of
3816:Fellows of the Royal Society
2108:Ramachandran Balasubramanian
1849:Toppur Seethapathy Sadasivan
920:Journal of Molecular Biology
556:Jawarharlal Nehru Fellowship
529:Journal of Molecular Biology
27:Indian physicist (1922–2001)
7:
3841:University of Madras alumni
3615:Crystal Growth & Design
2907:Timeline of crystallography
693:"(IUCr) G. N. Ramachandran"
576:Indian Institute of Science
473:Indian Institute of Science
402:Indian Institute of Science
310:Indian Institute of Science
10:
3907:
3426:Nuclear magnetic resonance
2159:Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
2118:Vaikalathur Shankar Sunder
1930:Dorairajan Balasubramanian
650:Sarma, Raghupathy (1999).
29:
3846:People from British India
3761:
3681:
3653:
3630:Journal of Crystal Growth
3605:
3557:
3504:
3451:
3382:
3370:
3165:
3156:
3079:
2932:
2899:
2291:
2243:
2167:
2146:
2093:Rajagopalan Parthasarathy
2055:
2004:
1983:
1945:Narayanasami Sathyamurthy
1940:Srinivasan Chandrasekaran
1912:
1841:
1756:
1631:
1518:
1399:
1274:
1173:
1096:
1079:
631:
331:
319:
297:
287:
280:
270:
238:
230:
204:
175:
160:
147:
3876:Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows
3496:Single particle analysis
3354:Hermann–Mauguin notation
2283:Founding members of the
2235:Vijay Balakrishna Shenoy
2154:Subramanian Kalyanaraman
2083:Srinivasacharya Raghavan
1899:Narayanaswamy Srinivasan
1699:Mandar Madhukar Deshmukh
1675:Vijay Balakrishna Shenoy
1431:Vikram Kumar (physicist)
799:Vijayan, M. (May 2001).
608:of London. In 1999, the
558:in 1968 for research on
495:Ramachandran along with
461:X-ray diffuse scattering
376:Early life and education
34:. For other people, see
3620:Crystallography Reviews
3464:Isomorphous replacement
3258:Lomer–Cottrell junction
2344:André Frédéric Cournand
2190:Ramanuja Vijayaraghavan
1970:Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
1950:Thirumalachari Ramasami
1889:Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam
1879:Govindarajan Padmanaban
1831:Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
1687:Sadiqali Abbas Rangwala
1586:Sanjay Puri (physicist)
1544:Avinash Anant Deshpande
1241:Ramanuja Vijayaraghavan
527:– was published in the
507:in 1954 in the journal
400:in 1939. He joined the
260:University of Cambridge
3861:Scientists from Kerala
3133:Spinodal decomposition
2285:World Cultural Council
2073:E. M. V. Krishnamurthy
2027:Ramarathnam Narasimhan
2017:Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman
1991:Kunchithapadam Gopalan
1960:Narayanan Chandrakumar
1904:Rajan Sankaranarayanan
1894:Jayaraman Gowrishankar
1705:S. Anantha Ramakrishna
1562:Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya
1336:Ranganathan Shashidhar
990:World Cultural Council
740:10.1098/rsbm.2005.0024
612:honoured him with the
595:World Cultural Council
3856:Scientists from Kochi
3673:Gregori Aminoff Prize
3469:Molecular replacement
2600:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2595:William A. Nierenberg
2555:Vernon B. Mountcastle
2364:Jean-François Denisse
2296:Christian B. Anfinsen
2088:Ramaiyengar Sridharan
2056:Mathematical Sciences
1935:Paramasivam Natarajan
1869:M. K. Chandrashekaran
568:X-ray crystallography
32:Narayana Ramachandran
3826:Indian biophysicists
2979:Structure prediction
2695:William G. Schneider
2690:Menahem Max Schiffer
2674:Hakim Muhammad Saeed
2648:Chintamani N. R. Rao
2386:Jacques-Émile Dubois
2230:E. V. Sampathkumaran
2215:Muthusamy Lakshmanan
2205:Ramanujan Srinivasan
2113:Annamalai Ramanathan
2078:Sundararaman Ramanan
2005:Engineering Sciences
1925:Kuppuswamy Nagarajan
1874:Ramamirtha Jayaraman
1711:Sudhir Kumar Vempati
1604:Raghunathan Srianand
1509:E. V. Sampathkumaran
1306:Girish Saran Agarwal
1300:Ramanujan Srinivasan
564:molecular biophysics
453:Cavendish Laboratory
314:Cavendish Laboratory
243:University of Madras
82:"G. N. Ramachandran"
67:improve this article
3243:Cottrell atmosphere
3223:Partial dislocation
2967:Restriction theorem
2628:Comlan A. A. Quenum
2590:Bernhard H. Neumann
2487:Vassos Karageorghis
2424:José Rafael Estrada
2352:Eduardo de Robertis
2133:Sundaram Thangavelu
2042:G. K. Ananthasuresh
2032:Viswanathan Kumaran
1955:Mariappan Periasamy
1842:Biological Sciences
1681:Pratap Raychaudhuri
1663:Krishnendu Sengupta
1324:Ramamurti Rajaraman
858:"G.N. Ramachandran"
626:Parkinson's disease
3663:Carl Hermann Medal
3474:Molecular dynamics
3321:Defects in diamond
3316:Stone–Wales defect
2962:Reciprocal lattice
2924:Biocrystallography
2821:Eugene van Tamelen
2810:Jean L. F. Tricart
2800:Jan Peter Toennies
2786:Peter C. Thonemann
2748:Heikki Suomalainen
2686:Stuart J. Saunders
2664:Stanley K. Runcorn
2660:Abraham J. A. Roux
2638:G. N. Ramachandran
2575:Jayant V. Narlikar
2570:Ilie G. Murgulescu
2560:Robert S. Mulliken
2519:William D. McElroy
2361:Guy Blaudin de Thé
2319:Christiaan Barnard
2220:Ganapathy Baskaran
2200:N. S. Satya Murthy
2185:Sivaraj Ramaseshan
2180:G. N. Ramachandran
1975:Govindasamy Mugesh
1920:T. R. Govindachari
1693:Bedangadas Mohanty
1455:A. K. Raychaudhuri
1360:Vijay Kumar Kapahi
1312:T. V. Ramakrishnan
1288:N. S. Satya Murthy
1134:B. Ramachandra Rao
1110:G. N. Ramachandran
545:coupling constants
356:for understanding
154:G.N. Ramachandran
3793:
3792:
3757:
3756:
3364:Thermal ellipsoid
3329:
3328:
3238:Frank–Read source
3198:
3197:
3064:Aperiodic crystal
3030:
3029:
2912:Crystallographers
2859:
2858:
2836:William J. Whelan
2795:Alexander R. Todd
2790:Phillip V. Tobias
2744:Frederick Stewart
2714:Leonard T. Skeggs
2540:Desmond J. Morris
2507:Georges B. Koelle
2474:Adrian Kantrowitz
2469:Reginald V. Jones
2451:Alfred D. Hershey
2421:Kenneth O. Emergy
2367:Venancio Deulofeu
2357:Cornelis de Jager
2250:
2249:
2168:Physical Sciences
1996:Rengaswamy Ramesh
1913:Chemical Sciences
1864:T. C. Anand Kumar
1859:C. V. Subramanian
1854:M. S. Swaminathan
1797:
1796:
1556:G. Ravindra Kumar
1479:B. K. Chakrabarti
1473:Thanu Padmanabhan
1390:N. V. Madhusudana
1140:Suresh Chand Jain
1073:Physical Sciences
572:peptide synthesis
551:and many others.
525:Ramachandran plot
501:helical structure
493:X-ray diffraction
485:Madras University
419:Madras University
386:Kingdom of Cochin
354:Ramachandran plot
342:G.N. Ramachandran
335:
334:
306:Madras University
282:Scientific career
275:Ramachandran plot
194:Kingdom of Cochin
170:G.N. Ramachandran
143:
142:
135:
117:
18:G.N. Ramachandran
16:(Redirected from
3898:
3836:Tamil scientists
3781:
3780:
3769:
3768:
3712:
3711:
3635:Kristallografija
3489:Gerchberg–Saxton
3384:Characterisation
3376:
3359:Structure factor
3163:
3162:
3148:Ostwald ripening
2985:
2984:
2930:
2929:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2846:Rosalyn S. Yalow
2841:Karel F. Wiesner
2826:Ulf S. von Euler
2805:Andrzej Trautman
2730:Leonard Sosnowky
2700:Glenn T. Seaborg
2669:Donald H. Sadler
2624:Jens J. Pindborg
2610:Arthur B. Pardee
2605:George E. Palade
2580:Louis E. F. NĂ©el
2545:Giuseppe Moruzzi
2530:Jerrold Meinwald
2510:Walther Manshard
2479:Nathan O. Kaplan
2456:Gerhard Herzberg
2447:Carl G. Gahmberg
2413:Mohammed El Fasi
2348:William J. Darby
2339:Harold G. Callan
2277:
2270:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2195:E. S. Raja Gopal
2147:Medical Sciences
1824:
1817:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1788:Basudeb Dasgupta
1770:Rajesh Ganapathy
1616:Rajesh Gopakumar
1526:Sriram Ramaswamy
1497:A. M. Jayannavar
1378:O. N. Srivastava
1253:E. S. Raja Gopal
1193:S. Chandrasekhar
1164:Asoke Nath Mitra
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
982:
976:
970:
964:
963:
950:
944:
943:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
862:
853:
847:
846:
820:
818:10.1038/35079236
796:
785:
784:
782:
780:
771:. Archived from
758:
752:
751:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
689:
665:
435:X-ray microscope
321:Doctoral advisor
211:
185:
183:
165:
145:
144:
138:
131:
127:
124:
118:
116:
75:
51:
43:
21:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3753:
3710:
3677:
3649:
3601:
3553:
3524:CrystalExplorer
3500:
3484:Phase retrieval
3447:
3378:
3377:
3368:
3325:
3304:Schottky defect
3203:Perfect crystal
3194:
3190:Abnormal growth
3152:
3138:Supersaturation
3101:Miscibility gap
3082:
3075:
3026:
2983:
2947:Bravais lattice
2928:
2895:
2893:Crystallography
2890:
2860:
2855:
2817:Constantin Vago
2782:Harold Thompson
2757:Charles Tanford
2734:Roger W. Sperry
2726:George D. Snell
2722:George J. Smets
2710:Frederick Seitz
2705:Ernest R. Sears
2620:Jacques Piccard
2500:Seymour S. Kety
2495:Donald W. Kerst
2438:David J. Finney
2428:Hans J. Eysenck
2417:Ernest L. Eliel
2395:Francisco J. Dy
2381:Audouin Dollfus
2376:Richard S. Doll
2324:Colin Blakemore
2287:
2281:
2251:
2246:
2239:
2163:
2142:
2138:Vikraman Balaji
2051:
2000:
1979:
1908:
1837:
1828:
1798:
1793:
1752:
1651:Shiraz Minwalla
1639:Kalobaran Maiti
1627:
1610:Srikanth Sastry
1598:Pinaki Majumdar
1580:Atish Dabholkar
1514:
1485:A. Raychaudhuri
1467:Mustansir Barma
1395:
1330:Ramanath Cowsik
1270:
1247:Jayant Narlikar
1169:
1116:Vikram Sarabhai
1092:
1075:
1065:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
984:
983:
979:
971:
967:
952:
951:
947:
916:
912:
902:
900:
888:
884:
874:
872:
865:Current Science
860:
854:
850:
797:
788:
778:
776:
759:
755:
715:
711:
701:
699:
691:
690:
677:
672:
662:
646:
644:Further reading
636:Each year, the
634:
622:
497:Gopinath Kartha
469:
427:crystal physics
411:Sir C. V. Raman
378:
312:
308:
304:
258:
239:Alma mater
226:
213:
209:
200:
187:
181:
179:
171:
156:
155:
152:
139:
128:
122:
119:
76:
74:
64:
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3775:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:Direct methods
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Ewald's sphere
3341:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:Frenkel defect
3284:
3282:Bjerrum defect
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Peierls stress
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3218:Burgers vector
3210:
3208:Stacking fault
3205:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3167:Grain boundary
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3111:Liquid crystal
3108:
3103:
3098:
3087:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2974:Periodic table
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:John M. Tedder
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2678:Nobufusa Saito
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Gunnar Randers
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2615:David Phillips
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Walter H. Munk
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Nevill F. Mott
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:Harry Melville
2532:
2527:
2526:John McMichael
2524:
2523:Henry McIlwain
2521:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:Prem N. Kirpal
2502:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2461:David H. Hubel
2458:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Don W. Fawcett
2430:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:John C. Eccles
2396:
2393:
2391:Gerald Durrell
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:Frank J. Dixon
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Norman Borlaug
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:M. Balasegaram
2308:
2306:James Baddiley
2303:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:Raman Parimala
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:C. S. Seshadri
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Paul Ratnasamy
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1735:Ambarish Ghosh
1732:
1726:
1720:
1717:Nissim Kanekar
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1645:Umesh Waghmare
1642:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1592:Yashwant Gupta
1589:
1583:
1577:
1574:Sandip Trivedi
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1550:Mohit Randeria
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1342:Narendra Kumar
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1235:C. K. Majumdar
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1205:Virendra Singh
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:M. G. K. Menon
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1087:K. S. Krishnan
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1067:Recipients of
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1026:External links
1024:
1021:
1020:
1002:
977:
965:
945:
910:
882:
848:
786:
753:
722:Johnson, L. N.
709:
674:
673:
671:
668:
667:
666:
660:
654:. Adenine Pr.
645:
642:
633:
630:
621:
618:
489:macromolecules
468:
467:Research works
465:
439:crystal growth
431:crystal optics
377:
374:
333:
332:
329:
328:
323:
317:
316:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
278:
277:
272:
271:Known for
268:
267:
240:
236:
235:
232:
228:
227:
214:
212:(aged 78)
206:
202:
201:
188:
186:8 October 1922
177:
173:
172:
166:
158:
157:
153:
148:
141:
140:
55:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3903:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3785:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Patterson map
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Friedel's law
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3292:Wigner effect
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:Interstitials
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Precipitation
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:Phase diagram
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2852:
2851:John Z. Young
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Edward Teller
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Lyman Spitzer
2737:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Stefan Ĺšlopek
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Yuval Ne'eman
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Georges Mathé
2512:
2509:
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2491:Peter E. Kent
2490:
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2485:
2483:Leo A. Kaprio
2482:
2480:
2477:
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2465:Osmo H. Järvi
2464:
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2409:Manfred Eigen
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2128:Subhashis Nag
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2047:Shanthi Pavan
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1764:Surajit Dhara
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1657:Arindam Ghosh
1655:
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1622:Abhishek Dhar
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1443:Gopal Krishna
1441:
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1432:
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1426:
1425:Deepak Mathur
1423:
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1408:
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1384:M. Lakshmanan
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1187:P. K. Iyengar
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1146:S. Ramaseshan
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832:
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811:(6837): 544.
810:
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775:on 6 May 2003
774:
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661:0-940030-78-0
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606:Royal Society
603:
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520:conformations
518:
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394:Tamil Brahmin
391:
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198:British India
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137:
134:
126:
115:
112:
108:
105:
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94:
91:
87:
84: –
83:
79:
78:Find sources:
72:
68:
62:
61:
56:This article
54:
50:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3871:TWAS fellows
3782:
3770:
3715:Associations
3683:Organisation
3175:Disclination
3106:Polymorphism
3069:Quasicrystal
3012:Orthorhombic
2952:Miller index
2900:Key concepts
2777:Howard Temin
2653:Rex Richards
2637:
2633:Hermann Rahn
2443:Val L. Fitch
2404:Paul Ehrlich
2329:Aage N. Bohr
2301:Werner Arber
2225:Rajiah Simon
2179:
1741:Aninda Sinha
1538:Rahul Pandit
1449:Rajiah Simon
1437:S. R. Shenoy
1372:Deepak Kumar
1318:S. S. Kapoor
1223:K. L. Chopra
1152:Devendra Lal
1122:Raja Ramanna
1109:
1014:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
980:
968:
957:
948:
923:
919:
913:
901:. Retrieved
895:
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
864:
851:
808:
804:
777:. Retrieved
773:the original
766:
756:
731:
725:
712:
700:. Retrieved
697:www.iucr.org
696:
651:
635:
623:
599:
592:
584:
579:
559:
553:
513:
470:
450:
379:
341:
337:
336:
298:Institutions
281:
210:(2001-04-07)
208:7 April 2001
129:
120:
110:
103:
96:
89:
77:
65:Please help
60:verification
57:
40:
3811:2001 deaths
3806:1922 births
3668:Ewald Prize
3436:Diffraction
3414:Diffraction
3397:Diffraction
3339:Bragg plane
3334:Bragg's law
3213:Dislocation
3128:Segregation
3040:Crystallite
2957:Point group
2762:Henry Taube
2682:Abdus Salam
2037:B. S. Murty
1782:Anindya Das
1723:Vinay Gupta
1532:Varun Sahni
1503:Sunil Mukhi
1419:Deepak Dhar
1407:G. Baskaran
1259:Ajoy Ghatak
1217:M. S. Sodha
1211:K. P. Sinha
1199:S. K. Joshi
1181:Vainu Bappu
1158:A. P. Mitra
1128:A. R. Verma
875:21 February
718:Vijayan, M.
620:Later years
614:Ewald Prize
517:polypeptide
443:solid-state
231:Nationality
3800:Categories
3452:Algorithms
3441:Scattering
3419:Scattering
3402:Scattering
3270:Slip bands
3233:Cross slip
3083:transition
3017:Tetragonal
3007:Monoclinic
2919:Metallurgy
2831:Alan Walsh
2752:Pol Swings
2657:Jean Rösch
1835:Tamil Nadu
1776:Kanak Saha
1669:Amol Dighe
1461:Ashoke Sen
1413:A. K. Sood
1366:Probir Roy
1282:N. Mukunda
995:8 November
986:"About Us"
702:21 October
670:References
446:reactivity
292:Biophysics
220:Tamil Nadu
182:1922-10-08
93:newspapers
3559:Databases
3022:Triclinic
3002:Hexagonal
2942:Unit cell
2934:Structure
2814:Ioan Ursu
1568:Madan Rao
1491:S. R. Das
1354:P. K. Kaw
1294:S. M. Roy
1265:S. S. Jha
1229:B. R. Nag
827:1476-4687
779:7 October
768:The Hindu
477:Bangalore
457:Cambridge
406:Bangalore
382:Ernakulam
350:physicist
326:C V Raman
190:Ernakulam
123:June 2012
3772:Category
3607:Journals
3539:OctaDist
3534:JANA2020
3506:Software
3392:Electron
3309:F-center
3096:Eutectic
3057:Fiveling
3052:Twinning
3045:Equiaxed
1729:Aditi De
1348:K. Singh
940:13990617
926:: 95–9.
843:21453587
835:11385557
748:70784146
549:residues
505:collagen
491:. Using
362:collagen
3784:Commons
3732:Germany
3409:Neutron
3299:Vacancy
3158:Defects
3143:GP-zone
2989:Systems
734:: 367.
538:β-turns
533:protein
415:physics
370:physics
366:biology
358:peptide
216:Chennai
107:scholar
3727:France
3722:Europe
3655:Awards
3185:Growth
3035:Growth
1790:(2022)
1784:(2022)
1778:(2021)
1772:(2020)
1766:(2020)
1749:(2019)
1743:(2019)
1737:(2018)
1731:(2018)
1725:(2017)
1719:(2017)
1713:(2016)
1707:(2016)
1701:(2015)
1695:(2015)
1689:(2014)
1683:(2014)
1677:(2013)
1671:(2013)
1665:(2012)
1659:(2012)
1653:(2011)
1647:(2010)
1641:(2010)
1624:(2009)
1618:(2009)
1612:(2008)
1606:(2008)
1600:(2007)
1594:(2007)
1588:(2006)
1582:(2006)
1576:(2005)
1570:(2004)
1564:(2003)
1558:(2003)
1552:(2002)
1546:(2002)
1540:(2001)
1534:(2000)
1528:(2000)
1511:(1999)
1505:(1999)
1499:(1998)
1493:(1998)
1487:(1997)
1481:(1997)
1475:(1996)
1469:(1995)
1463:(1994)
1457:(1994)
1451:(1993)
1445:(1993)
1439:(1992)
1433:(1992)
1427:(1991)
1421:(1991)
1415:(1990)
1409:(1990)
1392:(1989)
1386:(1989)
1380:(1988)
1374:(1988)
1368:(1987)
1362:(1987)
1356:(1986)
1350:(1985)
1344:(1985)
1338:(1984)
1332:(1984)
1326:(1983)
1320:(1982)
1314:(1982)
1308:(1982)
1302:(1981)
1296:(1981)
1290:(1980)
1284:(1980)
1267:(1979)
1261:(1979)
1255:(1978)
1249:(1978)
1243:(1976)
1237:(1976)
1231:(1975)
1225:(1975)
1219:(1974)
1213:(1974)
1207:(1973)
1201:(1972)
1195:(1972)
1189:(1971)
1183:(1970)
1166:(1969)
1160:(1968)
1154:(1967)
1148:(1966)
1142:(1966)
1136:(1965)
1130:(1964)
1124:(1963)
1118:(1962)
1112:(1961)
1106:(1960)
1089:(1958)
938:
903:15 May
897:Quartz
841:
833:
825:
805:Nature
746:
658:
632:Legacy
509:Nature
288:Fields
234:Indian
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
3749:Japan
3696:IOBCr
3549:SHELX
3544:Olex2
3431:X-ray
3081:Phase
2997:Cubic
1757:2020s
1632:2010s
1519:2000s
1400:1990s
1275:1980s
1174:1970s
1097:1960s
1080:1950s
861:(PDF)
839:S2CID
744:S2CID
481:India
423:D.Sc.
417:from
392:to a
390:India
340:, or
224:India
114:JSTOR
100:books
3691:IUCr
3592:ICDD
3587:ICSD
3572:CCDC
3519:Coot
3514:CCP4
3265:Slip
3228:Kink
1015:CSIR
997:2016
936:PMID
905:2017
877:2009
831:PMID
823:ISSN
781:2013
704:2020
656:ISBN
588:PNAS
441:and
429:and
368:and
255:D.Sc
205:Died
176:Born
86:news
3706:DMG
3701:RAS
3597:PDB
3582:COD
3577:CIF
3529:DSR
3253:GND
3180:CSL
1071:in
928:doi
813:doi
809:411
736:doi
542:NMR
503:of
455:in
346:FRS
264:PhD
251:MSc
247:BSc
168:Dr.
150:Dr.
69:by
3802::
3744:US
3737:UK
1013:.
988:.
956:.
934:.
922:.
894:.
869:80
867:.
863:.
837:.
829:.
821:.
807:.
803:.
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765:.
742:.
732:51
730:.
720:;
695:.
678:^
597:.
590:.
582:.
570:,
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384:,
372:.
344:,
253:,
249:,
222:,
218:,
196:,
192:,
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2276:e
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1017:.
999:.
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930::
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266:)
262:(
257:)
245:(
184:)
180:(
136:)
130:(
125:)
121:(
111:·
104:·
97:·
90:·
63:.
38:.
20:)
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