493:(900-830 BC) when the cemeteries of Castiglione, some 60 tombs of only IIA, and Osteria del'Osa, over 600 tombs primarily of II and III (900-630 BC), and some of IV (730-580 BC), began. Both of these necropoli are dated entirely before the foundation of Rome and well before the classical city of Gabii. The location of the settlements producing these cemeteries was an issue of some mystery until aerial reconnaissance revealed a string of six "Iron Age hamlets" on the isthmus and more along the ridge to the east. Latial IIA is regarded as pre-urban and IIB as proto-urban; that is, at some time during 830-730 BC the settlements acquired a common geopolitical identity. By the end of IV (580 BC) the name Gabii must have been in place as the name of the city, as by then the history was well into the events of its legends.
43:
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hierarchy in the eighth through sixth centuries BC. The discovery of an important but fragmentary
Republican Latin inscription also came in 2009 and was published in 2011. The excavations of the Gabii Project continued in 2010 and 2011, during which time substantial portions of several ancient city blocks were brought to light. Not only is evidence for multi-period infrastructure clearly present, but the remains of urban architecture of the later first millennium BC have also become apparent. The award of a major collaborative research grant from the
50:
497:
termed the northern and southern groups from their location within the cemetery, evidence the presence of a male warrior class. At the center of the cluster is a small set of male-only cremation burials, some in hut-urns. Around them is a greater group of inhumations of men, women and children. The richer cremation burials included grave gifts of miniaturized bronze tools and weapons and miniaturized pottery forms. The inhumations lacked weapons. Women were buried with jewelry and spindle-whorls (used in weaving).
238:
351:, on the south side of the road. The streams cut the road on either side of Gabii and were crossed by bridges; in other words, Gabii was constructed at a defensible location on an isthmus between two lakes. The isthmus was isolated by streams on either side. The quadrangle so formed contained its own water supply and straddled a major route on the east flank of Rome. It could not, as history demonstrated, be ignored by Rome. The two streams flow north to the
479:
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656:, went to Gabii, pretending to be in revolt against his father and asking for assistance. He was accepted, and after successfully commanding various military expeditions, he was appointed as the leading general of the army of Gabii. As general, he commanded a number of minor but successful skirmishes against Roman forces, with the complicity of the Roman king.
409:, to which Gabii belonged. The site of the battle is still a matter of dispute, which, on the unwarranted assumption that the location of the battle reveals the location of the lake, has extended into a dispute over the location of the lake. To modern topographers the deep lake basin, now kept dry, and the
991:
the discovery, in July 2009, of a half-ton lead encased inhumation burial that has tentatively been dated to the Roman
Imperial period, likely the second or third centuries A.D. Evidence for early elite burials, in this case those of infants, also emerged in 2009, suggesting the development of social
970:
New fieldwork has been undertaken to the east of Gabii along the lines of the ancient city wall where a sanctuary has been excavated by Marco Fabbri close to one of the city's gates. Other work at the site has been carried out by
Stefano Musco, the local inspector of the Soprintendenza Speciale per i
842:
statuettes were found. This type of statuette modeled an organ or section of the human body and was given as a votive offering at a healing sanctuary, of which a great many have been found in Latium, in hope that divinity would turn its attention to healing the organ of the dedicator. Also found were
496:
The most archaeological work has been done on the cemetery of
Osteria dell'Osa. The tombs are divided into 14 groups, each exhibiting a set of distinctive traditions and each believed to represent one community of roughly 100 persons, round numbers. The earliest two, contemporaneous and dated to IIA,
457:
Meanwhile, the basin marks the location of the former lake. It is now entirely agricultural land, except that the community of Lago
Regillo has been placed in it near Gabii. Osteria del Finocchio marks the western limit, as it is heavily settled and is on higher ground. Lake Regillus therefore cannot
987:
of the
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was launched. It began its investigations by conducting a large-scale geophysical survey of the former urban center of Gabii. This survey had two prongs: a magnetometry survey and a core-sampling survey including both manual and machine collected cores. The
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Petro whom according to legend Sextus accused of plotting with
Tarquinius Superbus Sextus' return to Rome dead or alive, thereby provoking the Gabines to stone Antistius to death. Tarquinius Superbus was able to take advantage of the ensuing confusion and bring Gabii into submission without battle.
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to the outskirts of Rome, where it was carried on arched conduits above ground into the city. The Acqua Felice had more altitude at this point. By 226 the lake must have receded enough to have left a corridor along the road, as the Romans would not have been able to sink a conduit under the swamp.
448:
Gabii had kept its lake until the completion of the Acqua
Alexandrina in 226 AD. The Romans captured springs or mountain streams for drinking water; they never fed the waters of the marsh into the aqueduct. It led from springs over the Pantana through underground conduits on the south side of
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in the years 1585–1587. The two roads joined on the outskirts of Rome. The
Pantana was the low point; from springs on its hillside exuded the water that filled the lake. During the thousand years of the post-classical period a much smaller Rome (totally abandoned at one point under the Goths) had
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He sent a message to the king asking what to do next. Receiving the messenger in the garden the king said nothing at all (for which he might have been held liable later) but strolled around lopping off the heads of the tallest poppies with a stick. Sextus took this to be a message to destroy the
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identifies it as a temple of Juno. Around the rear of the temple (on the cliff side), which faced and towered above the road, were about 55 pits for planting trees representing a sacred grove. The site began as sacred in the 7th century BC featuring such a grove in which one tree was especially
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had made a treaty by which Alba was ceded to Rome along with all its colonies, Rome had a legal claim over the Latins, he offered them protection from any chance devastation that should inflict their country and a share in Roman prosperity if they would resume the treaty, which they did.
470:
Scattered surface pottery has been found from the Middle Bronze Age outside the necropolis located below
Castiglione, from which nothing can be deduced concerning the settlement at Gabii. The Late Bronze Age is missing. The Final Bronze Age is represented by minimal
988:
survey data revealed a regularized pattern of streets latent in the subsurface layers, together with archaeological deposits. The Gabii Project commenced large-scale excavations in two areas of the site in June 2009. In late March 2010 the Gabii Project reported
825:
columns along the back and extending around the sides. This colonnade stood in front of rooms of unknown function, perhaps multi-functional, for such uses as temple shops. The temple was excavated and published by the Spanish School at Rome in the 1960s and 1970s.
454:
Having its source water drained away, the lake receded drastically. The aqueduct is still in use. In 1915 it shunted some 22,000 m (5,800,000 US gal) per day into the city of Rome. If these sources were not diverted, Lake Regillus would soon return.
515:
Urbanization of the area probably did not begin before the start of the second half of the 8th century BC. This process most likely finished by the end of the 7th century BC, and, at its height, the city's borders enclosed 0.75 square miles (1.9 km).
671:
states that Tarquin was lenient with Gabii, and their subsequent treaty, whose original text was written on a bullock's skin and draped over a wooden shield, was said by Dionysius of Halicarnassus to be still extant in his day in the Roman temple of
1232:, ... Who, late restor'd, in Alba shall be crown'd. ... they, who crown'd with oaken wreaths appear, Shall Gabian walls and strong Fidena rear; Nomentum, Bola, with Pometia, found; And raise Collatian tow'rs on rocky ground
821:, a fire-resistant rock that was found in the quarries around Gabii and that also made its way into some of the buildings of Rome itself. The temple was situated in the middle of a podium, which had a colonnade of
300:
is adjacent on that side of the lake. At present, the former lake is entirely agricultural land. The ruins of the ancient city project from the fields next to the cliffs overlooking it, on both sides of the via. A
1396:
Universal Historical Dictionary: Or Explanation of the Names of Persons and Places in the Departments of Biblical, Political and Eccles. History, Mythology, Heraldry, Biography, Bibliography, Geography, and
524:
The early date of the prehistoric Gabii suggests that the Roman writers could have little traditional memory of its foundation or of who founded it. The surviving traditions are therefore in the
339:
To what degree the lake was sedimented in ancient times remains unknown. Some of the earliest huts are down in the crater. Two streams flowing north to south flanked the lake on the west: the
370:
The water of the lake has been very much lowered by this canal, and more draining is yet in contemplation, although there are already many square miles of uncultivated ground in the vicinity.
1250:
There was a city of the Latins, which had been founded by the Albans, distant one hundred stades from Rome and standing upon the road that leads to Praeneste. The name of this city was Gabii
386:
Near the river a small inn had been placed, the Osteria dell'Osa ("Inn of the Osa"), north of which was the main necropolis of Gabii. The habitation today has expanded into the center of a
544:
as the Siculi, a substrate population of east Italy expelled by the Italics to Sicily. They became one of the three major indigenous tribes of ancient Sicily, giving their name to it.
547:
The legend of a Siculian foundation of Rome comes from fragments of early Roman annalists, who asserted that the Siculi occupied several cities of Latium before the arrival of the
594:, for a similar purpose. Most of the similarities can be attributed to an influence on early Rome from Greek Sicily; however, the case of a Sicul substrate also is possible.
1694:
989:
720:
After the 3rd century, Gabii practically disappears from history, though its bishops continue to be mentioned in ecclesiastical documents till the close of the 9th century.
1616:
184:
563:. Fanciful etymologies such as the above are not taken seriously but there is a sober case for a Sicilian and Siculian influence on early Latium. For example, the
1884:, A. Gallone, Jeffrey A. Becker, and S. Kay. 2010. "Urbanistica Ortogonale a Gabii: Risultati delle nuove prospezioni geofisiche e prospettive per il futuro." In
714:
713:, who was responsible for much of the renewed prosperity of the small towns of Latium, appears to have been a very liberal patron, building a senate-house (
1932:
M. Mogetta, 2014. "From Latin Planned Urbanism to Roman Colonial Layouts: the Town-planning of Gabii and its Cultural Implications." In E. Robinson (ed.),
382:
The lake was drained a few years ago by prince Borghese, who has converted it from the state of a pestilential marsh into a district of great fertility.
1585:"The Anatomical Votive Terracotta Phenomenon: Healing Sanctuaries in the Etrusco-Latial-Campanian Region During the Fourth through First Centuries B.C"
1502:
Tusculum to Lavicum, or Gabii, or Bovillae ... municipal towns in which you can now hardly find a single citizen to bear a part in the Latin holidays
512:
lid on the burial jars, left serpent-fibulae of a different-style, a razor of lunate shape and one-piece cast spears. The pottery is undecorated.
177:
152:
436:), the last remnant at Pantana Borghese having been drained by the Borghese family in conjunction with the restitution of the first part of the
701:
The Augustan poets used Gabii when demonstrating a city that had fallen from its old heights. From inscriptions we learn that from the time of
508:, razors of quadrangular shape and spearheads with sockets for wooden handles. The pottery is decorated. The southern group (30 tombs) used an
475:(1000-900 BC) material around the inside of the crater on the southern side, indicating low-density settlement at the water's edge there.
838:
worshipped. In the 4th century BC a small shrine was constructed next to the grove around and in connection with which caches of anatomical
679:
After the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, Sextus fled to Gabii but was killed by the leaders of the city in revenge for his past actions.
1584:
975:). These excavators, led by Marco Fabbri, reported the discovery of an Archaic building that they identified as a 'regia' in March 2010.
1789:
758:
170:
2008:
2028:
2018:
1698:
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762:(a method of draping the toga that leaves both arms free) by the Romans for certain ceremonies, the unique role it played for the
878:, and still remain in the Louvre. The statues and busts are especially numerous and interesting (38 in all); besides the deities
1889:
366:." Passing by Lake Gabino it was connected to the latter by "artificial canals", which were in the process of draining the lake:
2023:
863:
732:
1839:
1807:
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category; there may or may not be elements of truth in them. The tradition is two-fold: Gabii was founded either by the
1998:
374:
The draining of the lake was a project of the Borghese family, which had purchased it in 1614 from the Colonna family.
42:
1151:
551:(Latins): Rome, Tibur, Fescennium, Falerii, Antemnae, Caenina and a few others. Gabii is mentioned as one of them by
1875:
1798:
Cornell, Timothy J (1995). "The Origin of Rome: Archaeology in Rome and Old Latium: the Nature of the Evidence".
972:
1949:"The Iron Age Community of Osteria dell'Osa: A Study of Socio-Political Development in Central Tyrrhenian Italy"
1289:
Ancient Italy: Historical and Geographical Investigations in Central Italy, Magna Graecia, Sicily, and Sardinia
413:
that drew water, and still draw water, from its sources leave no doubt that the lake was located in the basin.
2003:
851:("of oaths"), indicating possible state functions of the site. There were two other shrines at the location.
1776:
1914:
Sophie Hellas. 2014. "Gabii/Latium. Die Befestigungen von archaischer bis in mittelrepublikanische Zeit."
1948:
1887:
Lazio e Sabina VI: Atti del Convegno. Sesto Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Sabina. Roma 4-6 marzo 2009'
811:
columns in the front and six on each side, excluding the back. The temple was composed of a single room (
1907:
Benjamin Fortson and avid Potter. 2011. "A Fragmentary Early Republican Public Inscription from Gabii."
1144:
Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae
1129:
A hand-book for travellers in central Italy; including the Papal states, Rome, and the cities of Etruria
668:
637:
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217:
529:
891:
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Gabii's importance in the earliest history of Rome is also apparent elsewhere: the adoption of the
1936:(Journal of Roman Archaeology, Suppl. 97): 145-74. Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
1174:
2033:
410:
398:
144:
Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l'Area Archeologica di Roma
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1379:
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The subsequent temple to Juno remained in use during the empire, after the town was abandoned.
1850:
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1412:
1394:
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The most conspicuous ruin remaining at the site of Gabii is a temple, generally attributed to
2013:
1800:
The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC)
862:
To the east of the temple lay the supposed area of the forum, where excavations were made by
640:. Addressing their council and claiming that, because all the Latin cities were founded from
490:
472:
362:
In 1846 Gell reported that the Osa came from "a large marshy plain, extending almost to the
1291:. Translated by C. Densmore Curtis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 233–302.
736:
690:
In the late Republican period, the city became depopulated due to the extensive use of the
555:. According to him two Siculian brothers founded it and named it by combining their names,
552:
273:
1269:
8:
1900:
Jeffrey A. Becker and J. Nowlin. 2011. "Orientalizing Infant Burials from Gabii, Italy."
1495:
1168:
1015:
887:
867:
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in 1792. Hamilton discovered a large cache of statues that were initially placed in the
740:
1818:
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723:
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Lake Regillus varied in size and depth over the centuries but was certainly between the
1303:
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1729:
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The citadel of Gabii is now marked by the ruins of the medieval tower of Castiglione.
1886:
1835:
1803:
1147:
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1020:
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Gabii reneged from the Latin treaty with Rome for unknown reasons. Tarquinius' son,
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lived on a greatly reduced water supply due to the broken and unrepaired aqueducts.
1881:
1871:
1120:
1052:. Vol. 5, EQU–HAS. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. 2004. pp. 630–631.
984:
808:
800:
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587:
437:
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324:
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used by these priests (Varro, Ling. 5,33), and its presence in a Roman formula of
500:
The northern group (25 tombs) covered the mouth of the burial jar (dolium) with a
1893:
1418:
931:
583:
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would continue or the kings of Rome would be restored by the intervention of the
265:
237:
1923:
Archaeological Research at Gabii, Italy: The Gabii Project Excavations 2009-2011
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402:
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The marshy plain was the last trace of the quasi-legendary lake near which the
320:
207:
1976:. DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
1825:(New, Revised and Enlarged ed.). London: Henry G. Bohn. pp. 260–269.
1992:
1922:
1793:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 379–380.
1784:
1771:
661:
441:
195:
111:
98:
1638:
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and others. The inscriptions relate mainly to local and municipal matters.
709:
onwards it enjoyed a municipal organization. Its baths were well known, and
927:
629:
564:
429:
418:
406:
363:
1969:
1802:. The Routledge History of the Ancient World. Routledge. pp. 48–80.
1167:
MacVeagh, Fanny Davenport Rogers; Ruzicka, Rudolph (Illustrator) (1915).
943:
839:
822:
804:
356:
616:, in Gabii, where they learned everything from literature to the use of
162:
1005:
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mentioned it in the 1st century BC as a small and insignificant place.
641:
568:
501:
478:
303:
297:
1862:
Smith, Christopher John (1996). "Latial Period II: Osteria dell'Osa".
649:
Thenceforward Latin troops fought beside Roman within the Roman army.
1567:
1414:
Storia del Roma: I re e la repubblica sino all'anno 283 di Roma. 1888
1010:
609:
289:
1857:. Princeton, Medford: Princeton University Press, Tufts University.
907:
903:
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The temple was constructed 150-100 BC. A painted inscription (
706:
702:
597:
572:
459:
389:
310:
1770:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
540:) and therefore was aboriginal Latin in ethnic descent, or by the
233:
Ancient Latium. Gabii is directly east of Roma, south of Collatia.
923:
919:
834:
774:
710:
636:) was brought under Roman jurisdiction by the last king of Rome,
613:
601:
509:
433:
1146:. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. pp. 96–100.
1050:
Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity
378:'s handbook was able to report in 1850 (only four years later):
1617:"Nuove scoperte all' interno dell'antica città latina di Gabii"
915:
695:
673:
617:
541:
533:
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352:
257:
242:
229:
84:
489:
Definitive settlement at Gabii is believed to have begun with
241:
Altar of the Twelve Gods from Gabii, dated to 1st century AD (
962:
871:
813:
791:
763:
605:
328:
246:
74:
70:
26:
1874:. "A new plan for an ancient Italian city: Gabii revealed."
1866:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 57–71.
1864:
Early Rome and Latium: economy and society c. 1000 to 500 BC
347:. These originated in another body of water, believed to be
331:. The site is under new seasonal archaeological excavation.
212:
1453:
1374:
1353:
1335:
911:
261:
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supports the next phase of excavations from 2012 to 2015.
983:
In early 2007 the multi-institution Gabii Project, led by
623:
870:, although many of them subsequently were carried off to
1521:
1934:
Papers on Italian Urbanism in the First Millennium B.C.
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
288:, a mediaeval tower erected on the site of the ancient
272:. It was on the south-eastern perimeter of an extinct
1285:"XX Siceliot Elements in the Earliest History of Rome"
1243:
1217:
504:
slab, made ovicaprine food offerings, left serpentine
315:
of Osteria dell'Osa 10 km (6.2 mi) from the
1896:', edited by G. Ghini, 237-48. Rome: Edizioni Quasar.
1533:
1478:
1687:
1667:
1665:
307:in Roman times, Gabii is currently located in the
1990:
1830:Holloway, R. Ross (1996). "8: Osteria del'Osa".
620:weapons. From there they went on to found Rome.
1817:Gell, William; Bunbury, Edward Herbert (1846).
1662:
1483:(3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
1442:http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/home.html
1410:
1204:
1202:
1166:
1077:
694:quarry, which was just under the archaic city.
519:
1440:LacusCurtius. Ed. Bill Thayer. 05/11/2007 <
682:
260:, located 18 km (11 mi) due east of
1968:Quilici, L.; Gigli, S. Quilici (2019-11-16).
1697:. news.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from
1609:
1582:
1479:Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (1996),
687:Gabii was an ally of Rome after 493 BC.
462:, regardless of where the battle was fought.
276:, approximately circular in shape, named the
178:
1967:
1695:"Lead "Burrito" Sarcophagus Found Near Rome"
1514:
1512:
1510:
1392:
1199:
957:
387:
308:
1816:
1659:Becker, Mogetta, and Terrenato 2009, 629-42
1909:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
1848:
1404:
1082:. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. pp. 50–77.
1080:The Iron Age Community of Osteria Dell'Osa
185:
171:
25:
1870:Jeffrey A. Becker, Marcello Mogetta, and
1855:Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
1722:
1507:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1386:
1370:
1368:
1244:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. "Book I.53".
1173:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. pp.
280:, and then during later times called the
192:
31:Ruins in the residential quarter of Gabii
1832:The archaeology of early Rome and Latium
1829:
1073:
1071:
1069:
961:
790:
722:
477:
268:, which was in early times known as the
236:
228:
1823:The topography of Rome and its Vicinity
1797:
1494:Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1883) . "IX ".
1301:
1119:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
949:
624:War with Rome under Tarquinius Superbus
334:
1991:
1493:
1465:
1365:
1228:A second Silvius after these appears;
1181:
1131:. London: J. Murray. pp. 583–585.
751:
731:, a Roman marble excavated in 1792 by
1861:
1775:
1631:
1546:
1527:
1141:
1066:
994:National Endowment for the Humanities
582:were cut into the sides of the early
284:, "lake of the fortification", after
166:
1974:Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places
1946:
1921:M. Mogetta and J. A. Becker, 2014. "
1320:
1282:
1261:
1078:Bietti Sestieri, Anna Maria (1992).
1032:
16:Ancient city of Latium, east of Rome
1583:Lesk Blomerus, Alexandra L (1999).
1400:. Baldwin and Cradock. p. 100.
843:some votive pedestals inscribed to
13:
1970:"Gabii: a Pleiades place resource"
1110:Gell & Bunbury (1846), p. 264.
1092:Gell & Bunbury (1846), p. 266.
14:
2045:
1940:
1590:. erechtheion.org. Archived from
786:
2009:Former populated places in Italy
1763:
978:
323:, of which it is a part, in the
48:
41:
2029:Roman towns and cities in Italy
2019:Catholic titular sees in Europe
1927:American Journal of Archaeology
1916:Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica
1876:American Journal of Archaeology
1853:. In Stillwell, Richard (ed.).
1834:. Routledge. pp. 103–113.
1744:
1713:
1653:
1576:
1561:
1552:
1487:
1481:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1447:
1434:
1425:
1347:
1329:
1314:
1295:
1276:
1255:
1237:
1218:Publius Vergilius Maro (1870).
1211:
1190:
766:as seen from the specific term
660:aristocrats of Gabii including
428:east of Finocchio and north of
1518:Princeton encyclopedia (1976).
1302:Solinus, Gaius Julius (1480).
1268:. Thames and Hudson. pp.
1160:
1135:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
781:
1:
2024:Archaeological sites in Lazio
1125:"Excursions from Rome: Gabii"
1026:
465:
458:have been in the vicinity of
49:
1878:113.4 (October 2009):629-42.
1196:Holloway (1996) pp. 103-104.
966:Via Gabina, later Prenestina
847:A pavement was inscribed to
520:Legend and legendary history
355:, which flows west into the
7:
1851:"GABII (Castiglione) Italy"
1849:Richardson, L. Jr (2009) .
1732:. ifa.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de
999:
971:Beni Archeologici di Roma (
683:History under Roman control
482:Bronze Age findings around
359:on the north side of Rome.
153:Parco archeologico di Gabii
10:
2050:
1947:Toms, Judith (June 1994).
1756:
1500:. Cambridge, Univ. Press.
1431:Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,58.
1208:Cornell (1995), pp. 51-53.
669:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
638:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
538:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
440:as the Acqua Felice under
1999:Cities and towns in Lazio
958:Fieldwork since the 1990s
530:Latin kings of Alba Longa
203:
148:
140:
135:
127:
90:
80:
65:
36:
24:
1411:Ruggiero Bonghi (1888).
1265:Sicily Before the Greeks
1142:Evans, Harry B. (2002).
1101:Holloway (1996), p. 103.
857:
600:relates the legend that
1790:Encyclopædia Britannica
1750:Fortson and Potter 2011
1170:Fountains of papal Rome
399:Battle of Lake Regillus
256:was an ancient city of
1719:Becker and Nowlin 2011
967:
890:, etc., they comprise
817:), and it was made of
796:
748:
590:used quarries, called
486:
388:
384:
372:
309:
250:
234:
1673:"FASTI - All Records"
1641:. sites.lsa.umich.edu
1393:George Crabb (1833).
1283:Pais, Ettore (1908).
965:
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726:
481:
380:
368:
345:Fosso di San Giuliano
240:
232:
112:41.88694°N 12.71583°E
2004:Roman sites in Lazio
1308:de Mirabilibus Mundi
1187:Smith (1996), p. 61.
950:Tower of Castiglione
795:Temple of Juno, back
737:Luigi Braschi Onesti
553:Gaius Julius Solinus
401:decided whether the
335:Historical geography
274:volcanic crater lake
1639:"The Gabii Project"
1530:, pp. 379–380.
1310:. Portilia, Andrea.
1220:"Book VI, line 774"
1016:Tall poppy syndrome
868:Borghese collection
752:Cultural influences
717:) and an aqueduct.
715:Curia Aelia Augusta
567:claimed to be from
282:Lago di Castiglione
108: /
21:
1892:2012-04-26 at the
1619:. beniculturali.it
968:
797:
749:
487:
251:
235:
117:41.88694; 12.71583
69:Osteria dell'Osa,
57:Shown within Italy
19:
1841:978-0-415-14360-8
1809:978-0-415-01596-7
1675:. fastionline.org
1597:on 8 October 2007
1262:Brea, LB (1957).
1246:Roman Antiquities
1121:Blewitt, Octavian
1059:978-90-04-12268-0
1021:Sextus Tarquinius
936:Septimius Severus
741:Ludwig of Bavaria
739:, who sold it to
654:Sextus Tarquinius
612:, the servant of
578:. Prisons called
438:Acqua Alexandrina
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985:Nicola Terrenato
849:Jupiter Jurarius
803:, which had six
646:Tullus Hostilius
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376:Octavian Blewitt
343:, and the east:
325:Province of Rome
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860:
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759:cinctus Gabinus
754:
729:"Braschi" Diana
685:
626:
608:were raised by
584:Capitoline Hill
522:
468:
451:Via Praenestina
425:Via Praenestina
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266:Via Praenestina
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1941:External links
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532:(according to
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403:Roman Republic
349:Lacus Regillus
336:
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321:Monte Compatri
296:, of Gabii. A
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819:lapis Gabinus
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571:and used the
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2014:Latin cities
1980:February 28,
1978:. Retrieved
1973:
1957:. Retrieved
1952:
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1926:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1885:
1863:
1854:
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1734:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:29 September
1643:. Retrieved
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1592:the original
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767:
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755:
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316:
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285:
281:
277:
269:
253:
252:
156:(in Italian)
1911:178:255-60.
1497:Pro Plancio
1397:Numismatics
944:Gordian III
840:terra cotta
782:Archaeology
357:Tiber river
286:Castiglione
115: /
91:Coordinates
1993:Categories
1571:Saturnalia
1558:Livy 5,46.
1547:Ashby 1911
1528:Ashby 1911
1224:The Aeneid
1027:References
1006:Praxiteles
900:Germanicus
809:Corinthian
745:Glyptothek
642:Alba Longa
569:Alba Longa
549:aborigines
502:travertine
491:Latial IIA
466:Prehistory
353:Anio river
304:municipium
298:necropolis
270:Via Gabina
264:along the
141:Management
136:Site notes
131:Settlement
103:12°42′57″E
100:41°53′13″N
1953:Antiquity
1904:86:27-39.
1779:(1911). "
1568:Macrobius
1048:"Gabii".
1011:Roman art
747:. Munich)
662:Antistius
610:Faustulus
432:(ancient
411:aqueducts
290:acropolis
1890:Archived
1736:2 August
1705:2 August
1679:2 August
1623:2 August
1123:(1850).
1000:See also
908:Claudius
904:Caligula
896:Tiberius
876:Napoleon
845:Fortuna.
833:) on an
707:Tiberius
703:Augustus
598:Plutarch
592:latomiai
588:Syracuse
580:lautumia
573:cognomen
473:Latial I
460:Frascati
422:and the
390:frazione
311:frazione
194:Wars of
66:Location
1959:27 July
1902:BABESCH
1819:"Gabii"
1787:(ed.).
1774::
1757:Sources
1601:28 July
1573:3,9,13.
1304:"II.10"
924:Hadrian
920:Plotina
892:Agrippa
888:Nemesis
835:antefix
775:devotio
711:Hadrian
614:Amulius
602:Romulus
576:Siculus
565:Cloelii
557:Galatus
510:impasto
506:fibulae
434:Labicum
430:Colonna
149:Website
1955:. bnet
1838:
1806:
1783:". In
1768:
1462:, 1.60
1383:, 1.54
1362:, 1.53
1344:, 1.52
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1056:
928:Sabina
916:Trajan
764:augurs
696:Cicero
674:Sancus
634:Latini
542:Sicels
534:Vergil
526:legend
317:comune
258:Latium
243:Louvre
218:Rutuli
85:Latium
81:Region
1781:Gabii
1730:"ZPE"
1595:(PDF)
1588:(PDF)
1444:>.
1272:–149.
1177:–152.
973:SSBAR
884:Diana
880:Venus
872:Paris
858:Forum
823:Doric
814:cella
805:Ionic
618:Greek
606:Remus
329:Lazio
292:, or
254:Gabii
247:Paris
213:Gabii
75:Italy
71:Lazio
20:Gabii
1982:2012
1961:2009
1836:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1738:2016
1707:2016
1681:2016
1647:2017
1625:2016
1603:2009
1454:Livy
1375:Livy
1354:Livy
1336:Livy
1148:ISBN
1054:ISBN
940:Geta
926:and
918:and
912:Nero
801:Juno
727:The
644:and
628:The
604:and
561:Bins
559:and
536:and
449:the
262:Rome
208:Veii
128:Type
1925:."
1270:147
1175:145
874:by
831:IVN
807:or
705:or
319:of
294:arx
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743:(
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