386:
1632:
688:
371:
154:
40:
1576:
578:, and of Diana at the Lake of Ariccia. So, by virtue of her proximity to the sanctuary of Jupiter, the village of Alba Longa held a position of religious primacy among the Latin villages. Originally, thirty villages were entitled to participate in the league, known as the Alban colonies. Only a few of the individual names of these villages are recorded. The ritual of this league was the "Latin festival" (
1491:
820:, is a government region, one of the first-level administrative divisions of the state, and one of twenty regions in Italy. Originally meant as administrative districts of the central state, the regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001. The modern region of Latium contains the national capital Rome.
520:, which was regarded as the primitive seat of the Latin stock, and the mother city of Rome as well as of all the other Old Latin communities; here on the slopes lay the very ancient Latin districts of Lanuvium, Aricia, and Tusculum. Here too are found some primitive works of masonry, which usually mark the beginnings of civilization.
598:
it remained for its existence not an accidental aggregate of various communities, but the positive expression of the relationship of the Latin stock. The Latin League may not have at all times included all Latin communities, but it never granted the privilege of membership to any that were not Latin.
468:
A fixed local center seemed necessary as the center of the region cannot have been one of the villages, but must have been a place of common assembly, containing the seat of justice and the common sanctuary of the district, where members of the clans met for purposes of administration and amusement,
657:
While Rome may have acquired considerable territory (some 350 sq. miles) in Latium, Roman kings never exercised absolute power over Latium. The Latin cities did, however, look to Rome for protection, for Rome had more manpower than any other city in Latium. This was due, in part, to Rome's generous
597:
Although Alba Longa enjoyed a position of religious primacy, the Alban presidency never held any significant political power over Latium, e.g. it was never the capital of a Latin state. It is probable that the extent of the Latin League's jurisdiction was somewhat unsettled and thus fluctuated; yet
307:
Latiaris, where the Latini held state functions before their subjection to Rome, and the Romans subsequently held religious and state ceremonies. The last pagan temple to be built stood until the Middle Ages when its stone and location were reused for various monasteries and finally a hotel. During
601:
Very early in its existence, Rome acquired the presidency of the league, and Alba Longa appeared as a rival for which it was destroyed in the mid-7th century BC; the league, as it was, had been dissolved and the foremost families were compelled to move to Rome: Alba Longa, the mother city, was
199:
and to the south, in a partly marshy and partly mountainous region. The latter saw the creation of numerous Roman and Latin colonies: small Roman colonies were created along the coast, while the inland areas were colonized by Latins and Romans without citizenship. The name Latium was thus also
658:
policy of asylum: Roman kindness was unique in its readiness to grant citizenship to outsiders, citizenship was even granted to former slaves. The children of freedmen provided an important source for Roman armies, and given Rome a definite edge in manpower over other cities of the time.
2046:
565:
All these villages were politically sovereign, and each of them was self-governing. The closeness of descent and their common language not only pervaded all of them, but manifested itself in an important religious and political institution—the
316:
turned it into a radio station, which was captured after an infantry battle by
American troops in 1944, and it currently is a controversial telecommunications station surrounded by antennae considered unsightly by the population within view.
627:
Having destroyed Alba Longa, Rome was in command of the Latin festival and thus held presidency over the Latin peoples. By the mid-7th century BC, Rome had secured itself as a maritime power and secured its salt supply; the
725:
tried to strengthen his own territorial power, wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and
Marittima through the Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the
654:. The influence of the Etruscans played an important role, and migrants came from Etruscan towns. Soon (according to tradition) it was followed by the rule of Etruscan kings, the Tarquins (traditionally, 616-509 BC).
421:, exerted a strong cultural and political influence on Latium from about the 8th century BC onward. However, they were unable to assert political hegemony over the region, which was controlled by small, autonomous
436:
By the 10th century BC, archaeology records a slow development in agriculture from the entire area of Latium with the establishment of numerous villages. The Latins cultivated grains (spelt and barley), grapes
714:
A.D. and the
Eastern Roman (Byzantine) conquest, this region regained its freedom, because the "Roman Duchy" became the property of the Eastern Emperor. However the long wars against the barbarian
496:
The isolated Alban range, that natural stronghold of Latium, which offered to settlers a secure position, would doubtless be first occupied by the newcomers. Here, along the narrow plateau above
469:
and where they obtained a safer shelter for themselves in case of war: in ordinary circumstances such a place was not at all or but scantily inhabited. Such a place was called in Italy "height" (
2061:
1936:
348:
in Latium, hid (latuisset) from
Jupiter there. A major modern etymology is that Lazio comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide", expressing the idea of "flat land" meaning the
2206:
582:), at which, on the Mount of Alba, upon a day annually appointed by the chief magistrate for the purpose, an ox was sacrificed by the assembled Latin stock to the "Latin god" (
721:
The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between lords and the Roman bishop until the middle of the 16th century.
737:(1309–1377), the feudal lords' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power, and with
741:, they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However, between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Latium and the rest of the
481:); it was not a town at first, but it became the nucleus of one, as houses naturally gathered around the stronghold and were afterwards surrounded with the "ring" (
1906:
879:
1981:
1395:
385:
2006:
1911:
641:
At the same time, archaeologists detect, there was an urban transformation of the area. Roman huts were being replaced by houses, and a social space, or
244:, is somewhat larger still, though less than twice the size of Latium vetus et adiectum, including a large area of ancient Southern Etruria and Sabina.
551:
on the coast, were all more or less ancient centers of Latin colonization, not to speak of many other less famous and in some cases almost forgotten.
2051:
1926:
1916:
295:), 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast of Rome, 64 kilometres (40 mi) in circumference. In its center is a crater lake, Lacus Albanus (
2056:
2036:
2026:
1991:
2071:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1901:
2076:
2031:
2011:
1996:
1946:
1931:
1921:
1896:
2041:
2021:
1986:
1971:
1891:
2066:
497:
2211:
932:
586:). Each community taking part in the ceremony had to contribute to the sacrificial feast. However; the sacred grove of Aricia, the
2016:
1365:
1005:
1542:
379:
937:
1611:
1523:
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1316:
119:
85:
799:
718:
weakened the region, which was seized by the Roman Bishop who already had several properties in those territories.
1564:
1030:
247:
The ancient language of the Latins, the tribespeople who occupied Latium, was the immediate predecessor of the
195:
tribes. Subsequently, Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbours, expanding its dominions over
Southern
1676:
1668:
768:
2216:
2196:
2145:
1340:
1079:
259:. Latium has played an important role in history owing to its status as the host of the capital city of
907:
393:
The region that would become Latium had been home to settled agricultural populations since the early
2201:
1621:
1631:
711:
752:, so that these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in
948:
325:
28:
1306:
1224:
995:
902:
613:
of Rome. The Latin festival would still be held on the Alban mount, but by Roman magistrates.
320:
The selection of
Jupiter as a state god and the descent of the name Latini to the name of the
1750:
1648:
1596:
672:
284:
192:
168:
687:
2221:
2166:
1436:
375:
8:
1791:
1725:
1616:
1572:
1557:
849:
795:
575:
449:). These clans were a sign of their tribal origin, which continued in Rome as the thirty
304:
1423:
874:
2140:
1601:
1588:
1442:
772:
370:
341:
2132:
1876:
1801:
1715:
1606:
1346:
1312:
1026:
1001:
722:
571:
256:
748:
From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Latium with the
638:
on the northern bank of the river Tiber - the closest salt-field in
Western Italy.
1976:
1871:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1710:
966:
610:
402:
241:
102:
96:
56:
543:
in the plain between the Alban and Sabine hills and the Tiber, Rome on the Tiber,
2112:
2102:
2092:
1770:
1755:
1740:
1730:
1484:
1479:
971:
829:
791:
783:
299:), oval in shape, a few km long and wide. At the top of the second-highest peak (
201:
180:
676:, dividing it into eleven regions. Latium – together with the present region of
570:. The Latins were tied together by religious associations, including worship of
409:", meaning "wide", expressing the idea of "flat land" (in contrast to the local
2177:
2107:
1856:
1846:
1765:
1705:
1550:
1516:
738:
734:
727:
670:
officially united all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity,
622:
438:
426:
398:
349:
340:, derived Latium from the word for "hidden" (English latent) because in a myth
237:
129:
179:(a left-bank tributary of the Tiber) and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus (
2190:
2161:
1886:
1881:
1866:
1826:
1760:
1720:
1495:
1447:
912:
643:
461:
430:
153:
1463:
The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars
523:
The district-strongholds there later gave rise to the considerable towns of
2097:
1941:
1861:
1836:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1735:
1700:
1663:
1658:
1370:, Oxford Biographies, 21 novembre 2012, DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195399301-0122
1246:
1134:
834:
776:
749:
742:
635:
606:
591:
567:
560:
333:
309:
292:
272:
264:
142:
17:
1527:
952:
429:. Indeed, the region's cultural and geographic proximity to the cities of
1796:
1695:
1110:, (Incunabula Graeca 75), Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri, Roma, 1980
696:
630:
501:
296:
288:
184:
594:, was always among the most popular place of pilgrimage for the Latins.
425:
in a manner roughly analogous to the state of affairs that prevailed in
1811:
715:
700:
517:
509:
422:
394:
365:
361:
345:
300:
164:
1775:
1745:
761:
544:
528:
414:
313:
248:
39:
445:(lit. "Latin peoples") lived in a society led by influential clans (
171:
or
Latians. It was located on the left bank (east and south) of the
2001:
997:
A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state
Cultures: An Investigation
757:
692:
677:
667:
548:
540:
337:
187:. The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of
44:
163:
Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (
1494:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
844:
839:
787:
753:
418:
224:
209:
196:
157:
287:, a tribe whose recognised center was a large, dormant volcano,
2122:
1432:
942:
704:
681:
532:
451:
410:
329:
213:
176:
1526:. Italy's Volcanoes: The Cradle of Volcanology. Archived from
609:, Alba Longa was razed to the ground - spare the temples - by
465:- the oldest male who held supreme authority over the family.
2117:
1580:
1575:
1524:"Colli Albani or Alban Hills volcanic complex, Latium, Italy"
1470:
Early Rome and Latium. Economy and
Society, c. 1000 – 500 BC,
811:
536:
524:
455:
which organized Roman society. However, as a social unit the
324:
language are sufficient to identify the Latins as a tribe of
321:
252:
229:
220:
205:
172:
134:
21:
260:
188:
138:
108:
74:
71:
65:
1503:
The Classical World: An Epic History From Homer to Hadrian
1025:(3rd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 31.
105:
68:
1393:
268:
880:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
680:
immediately to the southeast of Latium and the seat of
405:. The name is most likely derived from the Latin word "
263:, at one time the cultural and political center of the
2207:
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
267:. Consequently, Latium is home to celebrated works of
16:"Latio" redirects here. For the Nissan car model, see
1338:
1000:. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 209–.
120:
86:
2047:
Monte Val de' Varri – Monte Faito – Monte San Nicola
993:
62:
20:. For the modern Italian administrative region, see
1023:
A History of Rome: Down to the Reign of Constantine
459:was replaced by the family which was headed by the
141:was founded and grew to be the capital city of the
111:
77:
59:
775:in February 1798, Latium became again part of the
1218:
1216:
1214:
283:The earliest known Latium was the country of the
2188:
1345:(in Italian). Touring Editore. pp. 61–83.
634:(lit. "salt road") was paved from Rome down to
1422:Bevan, William Latham; Smith, William (1875).
1396:"LA NASCITA DELLE REGIONI A STATUTO ORDINARIO"
1311:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–60.
1225:The World's History: The Mediterranean nations
1211:
1080:"Latin - Origin and meaning of the name Latin"
816:Latium, often referred to by the Italian name
441:), olives, apples, and fig trees. The various
183:, now the Pontine Fields) as far south as the
1558:
733:During the period when the papacy resided in
1521:
1204:
1202:
1020:
433:had a strong impact upon its early history.
1118:
1116:
661:
1565:
1551:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1304:
1298:
1102:
1100:
805:
1425:The student's manual of ancient geography
1308:The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus
1199:
987:
191:, and the other borders were occupied by
1282:
1280:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1113:
873:
686:
384:
369:
152:
38:
1325:
1270:
1268:
1097:
798:, and Latium was incorporated into the
771:, the region's annexation to France by
2189:
473:, the mountain-top), or "stronghold" (
1546:
1421:
1394:CONSIGLIO REGIONALE DEL LAZIO (ed.).
1277:
1158:
1127:Milieu, peuplement, phases naturelles
1066:
200:extended to this area south of Rome (
128:
2062:Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando
1265:
730:. Other popes tried to do the same.
602:dissolved into Rome, the daughter.
167:) on which resided the tribe of the
1342:Lazio, non-compresa Roma e dintorni
1339:Touring club italiano, ed. (1981).
1014:
133:) is the region of central western
13:
1937:Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci)
1630:
1382:Imperial City: Rome under Napoleon
1021:Cary, M.; Scullard, H. H. (1975).
764:administered them for the papacy.
216:as "the last city of the Latins".
14:
2233:
2212:Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
1510:
616:
1574:
1489:
1286:M. Cary, H.H. Scullard pp. 54–55
380:Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer
101:
55:
1456:Vetus Latium Profanum et Sacrum
1387:
1374:
1359:
1289:
1256:
1240:
1231:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1149:
1140:
1072:
554:
1305:Fulminante, Francesca (2014).
1060:
1048:
1039:
972:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
959:
926:
895:
867:
1:
1439:book V chapter 3 – Rome 20 BC
994:Mogens Herman Hansen (2000).
883:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
855:
769:Roman Republic (18th century)
648:
389:Archeological sites of Latium
240:, and occasionally in modern
175:, extending northward to the
148:
1522:Behncke, Boros (1996–2003).
1485:The History of Rome Volume I
1228:. London (1902). p. 343
1169:M. Cary, H.H. Scullard p. 32
1045:Strabo, Geographica, V, 3,9.
860:
417:, from their home region of
332:, a major poet of the early
291:("the Alban Mount", today's
278:
7:
2146:List of presidents of Lazio
1474:Oxford Classical Monographs
1222:Viscount James Bryce Bryce
1084:Online Etymology Dictionary
823:
786:, during the reign of Pope
219:The modern descendant, the
10:
2238:
1414:
1403:consiglio.regione.lazio.it
1108:Mycenaeans in early Latium
908:Collins English Dictionary
809:
782:On 20 September 1870, the
620:
558:
359:
355:
36:Historical region of Italy
26:
15:
2175:
2154:
2131:
2085:
1784:
1688:
1641:
1628:
1587:
790:, and France's defeat at
662:Roman Republic and after
516:), extended the town of
401:and even earlier to the
1451:– 1669 – Amsterdam 1671
949:Oxford University Press
806:Modern region of Latium
29:Latium (disambiguation)
1635:
767:After the short-lived
707:
390:
382:
251:language, ancestor of
160:
47:
1751:Lago di Posta Fibreno
1634:
1274:Fox, pp. 111–112
945:UK English Dictionary
690:
397:and was known to the
388:
373:
204:), up to the ancient
156:
137:in which the city of
42:
2167:Marino Wine Festival
1982:Monte Lauro in Gaeta
1589:Provinces and places
1505:. Basic Books, 2006.
1437:Geographica (Strabo)
1428:. London: J. Murray.
712:Gothic War (535–554)
27:For other uses, see
2007:Maschio delle Faete
1907:Maschio dell'Ariano
1792:Seven hills of Rome
1726:Lago di Giulianello
1262:Mommsen p. 103
1133:, cataloged by the
796:Italian unification
756:, in Marittima and
684:– became Region I.
413:high country). The
185:Circeian promontory
2217:Historical regions
2197:Geography of Lazio
2141:Elections in Lazio
1912:Maschio di Lariano
1636:
1517:Toponymy of Latium
1443:Athanasius Kircher
1366:Musto, Ronald G.,
1196:Mommsen p. 38
1125:Giovanni Colonna,
1069:, pp. 530–531
779:in October, 1799.
773:Napoleon Bonaparte
708:
506:Lagiod di Castello
391:
383:
303:) was a temple to
161:
130:[ˈɫati.ũː]
48:
2184:
2183:
1877:Monti della Tolfa
1802:Aurunci Mountains
1716:Lago di Caprolace
1681:
1673:
1501:Fox, Robin Lane,
1187:Mommsen pp. 37–38
1178:Mommsen pp. 36–37
1155:Fox, pp. 112–113.
1146:Fox, p. 112.
1131:Naissence de Rome
1007:978-87-7876-177-4
975:. Merriam-Webster
955:on 22 March 2020.
485:, connected with
376:Enric Serra Auqué
257:Romance languages
2229:
2202:History of Lazio
1977:Monte Guadagnolo
1872:Monte Terminillo
1852:Monti Prenestini
1842:Monti della Meta
1832:Monti della Laga
1711:Lago di Canterno
1679:
1671:
1622:List of communes
1579:
1578:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1493:
1492:
1461:T. J. Cornell –
1429:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1380:Susan Vandiler,
1378:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1302:
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1284:
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1229:
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1209:
1206:
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1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
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1167:
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1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1106:Emilio Peruzzi,
1104:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1018:
1012:
1011:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
963:
957:
956:
951:. Archived from
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
871:
812:Region of Latium
800:Kingdom of Italy
653:
650:
584:Jupiter Latiaris
576:Jupiter Latiaris
403:Mycenaean Greeks
132:
127:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
100:
89:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2171:
2150:
2127:
2103:Pontine marshes
2093:Castelli Romani
2081:
2052:Monte di Cambio
1927:Monte Carbonaro
1917:Monte Artemisio
1780:
1771:Lago del Turano
1756:Lago di Rascino
1741:Lago dei Monaci
1731:Lake Martignano
1684:
1677:Roman Republic
1669:Roman Republic
1637:
1626:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1533:
1531:
1530:on 19 July 2011
1513:
1508:
1490:
1480:Theodor Mommsen
1476:" – Oxford 1996
1417:
1412:
1411:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1326:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1251:Ab urbe condita
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1221:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1019:
1015:
1008:
992:
988:
978:
976:
965:
964:
960:
936:
931:
927:
917:
915:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
872:
868:
863:
858:
830:Latium adiectum
826:
814:
808:
784:capture of Rome
735:Avignon, France
664:
651:
647:, was built by
625:
619:
563:
557:
368:
360:Main articles:
358:
344:, ruler of the
281:
202:Latium adiectum
181:Pontine Marshes
151:
125:
104:
95:
94:
87:
58:
54:
37:
32:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
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2012:Meta (monte)
1997:Monte Livata
1947:Monte Crispi
1932:Monte Cefalo
1922:Monte Autore
1897:Monte Altino
1862:Monti Sabini
1837:Monti Lepini
1822:Monti Ernici
1817:Cimini Hills
1807:Monti Ausoni
1736:Lake Mezzano
1701:Lake Bolsena
1664:Papal States
1659:Ancient Rome
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1528:the original
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878:
869:
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817:
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794:, completed
781:
777:Papal States
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671:
666:The emperor
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310:World War II
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2022:Monte Caira
1987:Monte Lauzo
1972:Monte Fusco
1892:Monte Abate
1797:Alban Hills
1696:Lake Albano
1458:– Rome 1742
1123:(in French)
1057:, VIII.323.
697:Civic Crown
631:Via Salaria
611:King Tullus
510:Alban mount
423:city-states
297:Lago Albano
173:River Tiber
43:Latium and
2191:Categories
2178:Categories
2067:Monte Orso
1812:Monte Cavo
1534:28 January
1295:Fox p. 276
1067:Bevan 1875
1032:0312383959
856:References
716:Longobards
710:After the
701:Glyptothek
518:Alba Longa
514:Monte Cavo
508:) and the
502:Alban lake
498:Palazzuola
471:capitolium
395:Bronze Age
366:New Latium
362:Old Latium
346:golden age
301:Monte Cavo
177:River Anio
165:Old Latium
149:Definition
2086:Geography
1785:Mountains
1776:Lake Vico
1746:Lake Nemi
1597:Frosinone
935:(US) and
861:Citations
762:Frosinone
760:, and in
590:, on the
545:Laurentum
529:Praeneste
415:Etruscans
328:descent.
314:Wehrmacht
279:Geography
249:Old Latin
2133:Politics
2002:Mainarde
1488:. 1894.
1089:16 March
938:"Latium"
933:"Latium"
903:"Latium"
824:See also
758:Campagna
693:Augustus
691:Bust of
678:Campagna
668:Augustus
549:Lavinium
541:Nomentum
378:, 1888.
374:Latium,
338:Augustus
336:, under
255:and the
208:city of
90:-shee-əm
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2155:Culture
1642:History
1617:Viterbo
1415:Sources
1384:, p. 20
967:"Lazio"
875:"Lazio"
845:Etruria
840:Fidenae
788:Pius IX
754:Viterbo
477:, from
419:Etruria
356:History
305:Jupiter
242:English
225:Regione
221:Italian
210:Casinum
197:Etruria
158:Casinum
2123:Tuscia
2113:Sabina
1942:Circeo
1654:Latium
1649:Latins
1602:Latina
1448:Latium
1433:Strabo
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1137:, 1977
1055:Aeneid
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943:Lexico
850:Ladina
705:Munich
682:Naples
673:Italia
533:Labici
491:curvus
479:arcere
452:curiae
447:gentes
411:Sabine
342:Saturn
330:Virgil
312:, the
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818:Lazio
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535:too,
525:Tibur
487:urvus
407:latus
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253:Latin
238:Latin
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206:Oscan
135:Italy
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2162:Flag
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1536:2010
1347:ISBN
1313:ISBN
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1091:2018
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1002:ISBN
981:2019
920:2019
889:2019
607:Livy
547:and
527:and
489:and
483:urbs
457:gens
364:and
271:and
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