794:
226:
882:
330:
218:
358:
344:
38:
276:
the
Thomson Learning division, because, in the words of Thomson CEO Richard Harrington, "it does not fit with our long-term strategic vision." Thomson has said that it expected this sale to generate approximately $ 5 billion. Thomson Learning was bought by a private equity consortium consisting of
313:
Gale print imprints include the reference brands
Primary Source Media, Scholarly Resources Inc., Schirmer Reference, St. James Press, The TAFT Group and Twayne Publishers, among others. Five Star Publishing is Gale's fiction imprint, with hundreds of books in print in the Western, Romance, Mystery
182:, and businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of
233:
In 1998, Gale
Research merged with Information Access Company and Primary Source Media, two companies also owned by Thomson, to form the Gale Group. Thomson has acquired Information Access Company (publisher of
1003:
988:
978:
1008:
810:
563:
973:
17:
695:
495:
993:
652:
968:
318:
market with several imprints, including UยทXยทL. Gale also owns large print publishers
Christian Large Print and Wheeler Publishing.
677:
603:
586:
1013:
998:
301:
1018:
519:"Gale Research, Information Access Company and Primary Source Media merged into the Gale Group by Thomason Corporation"
396:
202:
731:
848:
380:
388:
412:
806:
496:"Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr. : 1926-2014: Ohio State grad made fortune in reference-book publishing"
898:
198:
148:
97:
79:
426:
705:
306:
925:
433:
282:
841:
538:
404:
372:
315:
292:
Patrick C. Sommers was president of Gale from
October 22, 2007, until he retired in 2010.
8:
915:
656:
250:
206:
147:
is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in
793:
454:
633:
175:
681:
610:
582:
930:
903:
530:
419:
266:
262:
983:
908:
834:
583:
The
Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition โ Reed Elsevier
363:
349:
286:
238:) in 1995 and Primary Source Media (formerly named Research Publications) in 1979.
179:
171:
871:
814:
700:
638:
590:
335:
107:
542:
478:
304:, General OneFile, General Reference Center, Sabin Americana (based on Sabin's
191:
45:
272:
On
October 25, 2006, Thomson Corporation announced that it intended to wholly
962:
857:
534:
518:
278:
254:
242:
156:
739:
761:
257:
was purchased by Simon & Schuster in 1994). In 2000 it acquired the
273:
246:
119:
241:
In 1999, Thomson Gale acquired
Macmillan Library Reference (including
947:
881:
285:
for $ 7.75 billion and the name was changed from
Thomson Learning to
217:
920:
314:
and
Science Fiction & Fantasy genres. Gale also sells into the
300:
Gale produces hundreds of products, such as Gale Academic OneFile,
235:
183:
111:
225:
187:
152:
50:
826:
820:
564:"Thomson's Gale Group Acquires MacMillan Library Reference USA"
357:
258:
115:
653:"Cengage Learning Names Patrick C. Sommers President of Gale"
245:
Reference, Thorndike Press, Schirmer, Twayne Publishers, and
523:
Information Intelligence Online Libraries and Microcomputers
37:
696:"eReviews: Biography: Biography and Genealogy Master Index"
680:. Austin TX: University of Texas Libraries. Archived from
823:โ indexed database of fiction and nonfiction book titles
787:
455:"Gale - Helping Libraries Prepare for the 21st Century"
170:, is active in research and educational publishing for
817:) โ dozens of print directories on a digital platform.
131:
325:
1004:Online publishing companies of the United States
960:
842:
729:
989:Companies based in Oakland County, Michigan
979:Book publishing companies based in Michigan
249:) from Pearson (which had acquired it from
209:) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
849:
835:
792:
36:
516:
221:Logo during Thomson Corporation ownership
197:Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by
1009:Publishing companies established in 1954
224:
216:
498:. The Columbus Dispatch. 25 August 2014
14:
974:American companies established in 1954
961:
830:
670:
604:"Chronologie des K. G. Saur Verlags"
561:
302:Biography and Genealogy Master Index
27:Educational publishing company in US
24:
718:BGMI is a throwback to another era
634:"Thomson Gale Part of Larger Sale"
479:Privacy Statement and Terms of Use
397:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
203:International Thomson Organization
201:, the company was acquired by the
25:
1030:
856:
779:
310:), and World History Collection.
994:Bibliographic database providers
880:
704:, April 15, 2012, archived from
381:Dictionary of Literary Biography
356:
342:
328:
969:1954 establishments in Michigan
754:
723:
688:
162:The company, formerly known as
645:
627:
596:
576:
555:
510:
488:
471:
447:
18:Gale Virtual Reference Library
13:
1:
1014:1985 mergers and acquisitions
801:Gale-owned sites and services
678:"Databases: Academic OneFile"
562:Hane, Paula J. (1999-06-21).
440:
389:Dictionary of the Middle Ages
999:Commercial digital libraries
413:Encyclopedia of Associations
155:. It has been a division of
7:
436:(now defunct) owned by Gale
321:
295:
229:Gale booth at ALA tradeshow
62:; 70 years ago
10:
1035:
1019:American digital libraries
517:Anonymous (October 1998).
212:
199:Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr.
149:Farmington Hills, Michigan
98:Farmington Hills, Michigan
80:Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr.
940:
889:
878:
865:Academic and professional
864:
485:. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
427:New Catholic Encyclopedia
151:, United States, west of
126:
103:
93:
85:
75:
56:
44:
35:
422:owned by Gale (inactive)
899:Charles Scribner's Sons
400:published by Scribner's
392:published by Scribner's
122:, Thorndike Large Print
807:Gale Directory Library
732:"Database Title Lists"
434:Questia Online Library
283:OMERS Capital Partners
265:, but then sold it to
230:
222:
405:Encyclopaedia Judaica
307:Bibliotheca Americana
228:
220:
94:Headquarters location
916:G. K. Hall & Co.
684:on October 10, 2014.
373:Contemporary Authors
251:Simon & Schuster
821:Books & Authors
708:on October 17, 2016
207:Thomson Corporation
32:
813:2017-09-30 at the
730:Cengage Learning.
589:2015-10-30 at the
289:on July 24, 2007.
231:
223:
30:
956:
955:
904:HighBeam Research
742:on April 10, 2013
736:Gale: Title Lists
430:published by Gale
420:HighBeam Research
416:published by Gale
408:published by Gale
384:published by Gale
376:published by Gale
267:Walter de Gruyter
263:K. G. Saur Verlag
142:
141:
104:Publication types
86:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
1026:
909:Encyclopedia.com
884:
851:
844:
837:
828:
827:
796:
791:
790:
788:Official website
773:
772:
770:
768:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
738:. Archived from
727:
721:
720:
715:
713:
692:
686:
685:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
655:. Archived from
649:
643:
636:by Norman Oder,
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
615:
609:. Archived from
608:
600:
594:
580:
574:
573:
571:
570:
559:
553:
552:
550:
549:
514:
508:
507:
505:
503:
492:
486:
475:
469:
468:
466:
465:
451:
366:
364:Education portal
361:
360:
352:
350:Companies portal
347:
346:
345:
338:
333:
332:
331:
287:Cengage Learning
180:school libraries
138:
135:
133:
127:Official website
70:
68:
63:
40:
33:
29:
21:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:
959:
958:
957:
952:
936:
885:
876:
860:
855:
815:Wayback Machine
786:
785:
782:
777:
776:
766:
764:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
728:
724:
711:
709:
701:Library Journal
694:
693:
689:
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
651:
650:
646:
639:Library Journal
632:
628:
619:
617:
616:on 17 June 2009
613:
606:
602:
601:
597:
591:Wayback Machine
581:
577:
568:
566:
560:
556:
547:
545:
515:
511:
501:
499:
494:
493:
489:
476:
472:
463:
461:
453:
452:
448:
443:
362:
355:
348:
343:
341:
336:Michigan portal
334:
329:
327:
324:
298:
215:
130:
108:Primary sources
71:(as Gale Group)
66:
64:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
954:
953:
951:
950:
944:
942:
938:
937:
935:
934:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
901:
895:
893:
887:
886:
879:
877:
875:
874:
868:
866:
862:
861:
854:
853:
846:
839:
831:
825:
824:
818:
798:
797:
781:
780:External links
778:
775:
774:
753:
722:
687:
669:
644:
642:, June 1, 2007
626:
595:
575:
554:
509:
487:
470:
459:www.inforum.cz
445:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
431:
423:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
368:
367:
353:
339:
323:
320:
297:
294:
214:
211:
192:social science
140:
139:
128:
124:
123:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
58:
54:
53:
48:
46:Parent company
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1031:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
949:
946:
945:
943:
939:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
892:
888:
883:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
859:
858:Cengage Group
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
833:
832:
829:
822:
819:
816:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
802:
795:
789:
784:
783:
763:
757:
741:
737:
733:
726:
719:
707:
703:
702:
697:
691:
683:
679:
673:
659:on 2007-12-29
658:
654:
648:
641:
640:
635:
630:
612:
605:
599:
592:
588:
584:
579:
565:
558:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
513:
497:
491:
484:
480:
474:
460:
456:
450:
446:
435:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
398:
394:
391:
390:
386:
383:
382:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
365:
359:
354:
351:
340:
337:
326:
319:
317:
311:
309:
308:
303:
293:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:Apax Partners
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Macmillan USA
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
227:
219:
210:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Gale Research
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
137:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
59:
55:
52:
49:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
890:
800:
799:
765:. Retrieved
756:
744:. Retrieved
740:the original
735:
725:
717:
710:, retrieved
706:the original
699:
690:
682:the original
672:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
647:
637:
629:
618:. Retrieved
611:the original
598:
578:
567:. Retrieved
557:
546:. Retrieved
526:
522:
512:
500:. Retrieved
490:
482:
473:
462:. Retrieved
458:
449:
425:
411:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
312:
305:
299:
291:
271:
240:
232:
196:
167:
163:
161:
159:since 2007.
144:
143:
746:October 10,
712:October 10,
529:(10): 3โ4.
205:(later the
963:Categories
767:6 February
663:2007-11-02
620:2022-04-28
569:2018-05-13
548:2021-01-18
464:2024-06-28
441:References
247:G. K. Hall
243:Scribner's
168:Gale Group
120:e-learning
948:WebAssign
933:Reference
543:206804972
535:0737-7770
269:in 2006.
253:in 1998;
112:databases
931:Schirmer
921:InfoTrac
811:Archived
587:Archived
539:ProQuest
322:See also
296:Products
236:InfoTrac
184:religion
176:academic
166:and the
984:Cengage
926:Questia
872:Chilton
261:-based
213:History
188:history
157:Cengage
153:Detroit
116:e-books
76:Founder
65: (
57:Founded
51:Cengage
762:"Gale"
541:
533:
274:divest
259:Munich
190:, and
178:, and
172:public
941:Other
614:(PDF)
607:(PDF)
502:7 May
134:.gale
891:Gale
769:2013
748:2014
714:2014
531:ISSN
504:2024
483:Gale
316:Kโ12
281:and
145:Gale
136:.com
89:U.S.
67:1954
60:1954
31:Gale
481:".
132:www
965::
734:.
716:,
698:,
585:.
537:.
527:16
525:.
521:.
457:.
194:.
186:,
174:,
118:,
114:,
110:,
850:e
843:t
836:v
809:(
771:.
750:.
666:.
623:.
593:.
572:.
551:.
506:.
477:"
467:.
69:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.