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Garcia could not commit more forces to the campaign against
Portugal due to increasing hostility with Daniel da Silva. Thus, in 1645, he sought to drive Daniel from Soyo, but was defeated trying to take the Soyo fortified position at Mfinda Ngula. His son and would-be heir, Afonso, was captured while
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had proposed the Kongo-Dutch alliance. However, the Dutch were not as willing to press their attack home once they had taken Luanda. Instead, they hoped to make it a trading post and allowed the
Portuguese to continue to possess their inland territories. Dutch soldiers, however, helped Garcia defeat
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On 22 January 1641, Álvaro died under mysterious circumstances. Before an election to replace his brother could be held, Garcia moved forces from Mbamba to the capital and forcibly became king. Within a few weeks, Paulo, the Count of Soyo and longtime ally, died and was replaced by his and Garcia's
552:
missionaries, who arrived from Italy and Spain, helped provide more clergy for the Church in 1645. Although Garcia initially welcomed the clergymen, he became suspicious and accused them of plotting against Kongo in 1652. In the same year, he imprisoned Dona Leonor, an elderly and well respected
325:, while his brother was promoted to Duke of Mbamba. However, in 1636 Álvaro V sought to remove and execute the brothers, and in defense they defeated and beheaded the king. Álvaro was then crowned King Álvaro VI and named Garcia as Duke of Mbamba.
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a Mvika), tried to overthrow him the next year. The
Portuguese intervened on their behalf and also tried to attack Kongo. However, Garcia defeated the brothers and prevented the Portuguese, who remembered their crushing defeat following the
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leading the Kongo forces, and a campaign to free him in 1646 failed. Because of these wars, Kongo could only send small forces when the Dutch declared war in alliance with Queen
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Thornton, John: "Elite Women in the
Kingdom of Kongo: Historical Perspectives on Women's Political Power", page 451. The Journal of African History, Vol. 47, 2006
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305:. During his youth, Garcia obtained the nickname "Kipaku" ("Quipaco") of uncertain meaning. In 1634, when King Álvaro V was threatened by Daniel da Silva,
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in 1647, they were unable to dislodge the
Portuguese from their forts. Further reinforcements from Brazil in 1648 forced the Dutch to withdraw.
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Garcia hoped that the Dutch would assist him in driving the
Portuguese out of Angola, as these terms had been laid down as early as 1622 when
408:. Garcia immediately moved his armies south to assist the Dutch, as Kongo had a long-term pact to help the Dutch drive the Portuguese out of
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of
Matamba on the Portuguese in fear of the reinforced Portuguese driving them out of Luanda. Although the allies were successful at the
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a rebellion in the small southern district of Nsala in 1642, the slaves captured from this paying for Dutch expenses in taking Luanda.
541:, and other major concessions. Garcia proposed a different treaty that insisted on the restoration of his rights to the south of the
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queen, for her involvement in an alleged plot. Leonor died in prison, which caused Garcia to lose considerable public confidence.
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as well as other demands. The treaty was presented in 1649 and, while Garcia did pay an indemnity, neither side signed the treat
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demanding from Garcia the Island of Luanda, all lands south of the Bengo River, the rights to all mines in Kongo, payment of an
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317:, when the royal army was backed up against the river. The brothers were awarded for their bravery: Garcia was named
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313:, the brothers came to the king's aid. Garcia was particularly valiant during the desperate battle in the County of
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in 1622, from crossing the Loje River. By 1657, Garcia II had annihilated or absorbed all of the House of Nsundi.
439:. However, the Dutch again refused to press home the attack, allowing the Portuguese to regroup further inland at
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412:. In 1642, he received an embassy from the Dutch and signed an alliance and agreement, but refused to accept a
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and the
Portuguese broke down, Garcia's forces assisted in driving the Portuguese from their positions on the
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In the years following the Dutch war, Garcia sought to make amends with the
Portuguese and settle relations.
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Garcia and his brother Álvaro Nimi were born in the early 17th century. Both brothers attended the
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from 23 January 1641 to 1661. He is sometimes considered Kongo's greatest king for his religious
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In 1655 Garcia again attempted to take Soyo. Two sons of Pedro II, as members of the
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620:"Slavernijtentoonstelling Rijksmuseum: Veelzijdig, verhalend en indrukwekkend"
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Garcia turned his attention to internal affairs following the Dutch period.
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enemy Daniel da Silva. Concurrently, the Dutch armada invaded and took the
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Congo e Angola con la storia dell'antica missione dei' Cappuccini
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of Kiova, a small territory on the south bank of the
297:priest João de Paiva. As students, they joined the
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762:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–175.
687:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–166.
662:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–165.
637:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–160.
1317:1881 vassalage treaty with Portugal (1891–1914)
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572:Garcia died in 1660, leaving his second son
48:introducing citations to additional sources
787:. Cambridge University Press. p. 176.
737:. Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
712:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166.
497:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
367:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
253:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
185:Garcia II Nkanga a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba
872:
858:
131:
1353:Pretenders to the Kongo throne since 1914
1204:the recapture of São Salvador (1709–1891)
517:Learn how and when to remove this message
387:Learn how and when to remove this message
273:Learn how and when to remove this message
782:
757:
732:
707:
682:
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38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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431:In 1643, as the relations between the
853:
533:, the Portuguese governor, drafted a
495:adding citations to reliable sources
462:
459:Following the Portuguese Restoration
365:adding citations to reliable sources
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251:adding citations to reliable sources
218:
15:
329:Taking the Throne and the Dutch War
13:
14:
1439:
1375:Isabel Maria da Gama, Q of Kongo
785:A History of West Central Africa
760:A History of West Central Africa
735:A History of West Central Africa
710:A History of West Central Africa
685:A History of West Central Africa
660:A History of West Central Africa
635:A History of West Central Africa
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289:college at São Salvador (modern
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31:relies largely or entirely on a
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1428:17th-century monarchs in Africa
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416:preacher from them due to his
199:and his near expulsion of the
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1386:Isabel Maria da Gama of Kongo
1107:Afonso II of Kongo and Nkondo
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7:
815:(3 vols., Venice, 1982–83).
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10:
1444:
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586:List of Manikongo of Kongo
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996:
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433:Dutch West India Company
783:Thornton, John (2020).
758:Thornton, John (2020).
733:Thornton, John (2020).
708:Thornton, John (2020).
683:Thornton, John (2020).
658:Thornton, John (2020).
633:Thornton, John (2020).
1339:Manuel Nkomba of Kongo
1100:Awenekongo (1665–1678)
938:Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi
918:Nkuwu a Ntinu of Kongo
531:Salvador Correia de Sá
1296:Henrique III of Kongo
1158:Garcia III of Kibangu
1151:Post-Civil War states
191:for short, ruled the
1370:António III of Kongo
1329:Henrique IV of Kongo
1301:Álvaro XIII of Kongo
1281:Henrique II of Kongo
1241:Sebastião I of Kongo
1117:Álvaro VIII of Kongo
983:Bernardo II of Kongo
491:improve this section
361:improve this section
247:improve this section
209:Atlantic slave trade
59:"Garcia II of Kongo"
44:improve this article
1413:17th-century births
1381:Pedro VIII of Kongo
1344:Manuel III of Kongo
1324:Álvaro XIV of Kongo
1266:Álvaro XII of Kongo
1236:António II of Kongo
1173:Álvaro X of Kibangu
1168:Manuel I of Kibangu
1137:Afonso III of Kongo
1112:Álvaro VII of Kongo
1033:Ambrósio I of Kongo
988:Álvaro III of Kongo
953:Henrique I of Kongo
948:Bernardo I of Kongo
811:Graziano Saccardo,
1423:Manikongo of Kongo
1365:Pedro VII of Kongo
1360:Alvaro XV of Kongo
1276:Joaquim I of Kongo
1251:Álvaro XI of Kongo
1231:Afonso IV of Kongo
1226:Nicolau I of Kongo
1221:Garcia IV of Kongo
1216:Manuel II of Kongo
1193:Manuel II of Kongo
1183:Pedro III of Kongo
1163:André I of Kibangu
1127:Álvaro IX of Kongo
1122:Pedro III of Kongo
1088:António I of Kongo
1083:Garcia II of Kongo
1078:Álvaro VI of Kongo
1067:Awenekongo of the
1047:Awenekongo of the
1038:Álvaro IV of Kongo
1022:Mwenekongo of the
997:Awenekongo of the
978:Álvaro II of Kongo
962:Awenekongo of the
943:Afonso II of Kongo
892:Awenekongo of the
574:António I of Kongo
137:Garcia II of Kongo
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1315:Awenekongo after
1291:André II of Kongo
1286:Garcia V of Kongo
1271:Aleixo I of Kongo
1261:Afonso V of Kongo
1211:Pedro IV of Kongo
1202:Awenekongo after
1178:Pedro IV of Kongo
1142:Daniel I of Kongo
1132:Rafael I of Kongo
1071:kanda (1636–1665)
1058:Álvaro V of Kongo
1026:kanda (1626–1636)
1013:Garcia I of Kongo
1008:Pedro II of Kongo
1001:kanda (1622–1626)
973:Álvaro I of Kongo
966:kanda (1567–1622)
928:Afonso I of Kongo
896:kanda (1390–1567)
848:
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839:Succeeded by
794:978-1-107-12715-9
769:978-1-107-12715-9
744:978-1-107-12715-9
719:978-1-107-12715-9
694:978-1-107-12715-9
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33:single source
29:This article
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420:background.
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303:St. Ignatius
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1418:1660 deaths
543:Bengo River
437:Bengo River
323:Congo River
151:Predecessor
124:Mwene Kongo
111:Mwene Kongo
1407:Categories
836:1641–1660
597:References
441:Massangano
215:Early life
201:Portuguese
70:newspapers
1246:"Pedro V"
1098:Civil War
842:António I
832:Manikongo
825:Álvaro VI
539:indemnity
507:June 2021
478:does not
414:Calvinist
377:June 2021
348:does not
263:June 2021
234:does not
165:António I
161:Successor
155:Álvaro VI
117:Garcia II
100:June 2021
40:talk page
1388:(regent)
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1049:Kimpanzu
894:Kilukeni
580:See also
562:Kinkanga
560:(or the
550:Capuchin
418:Catholic
1069:Kinlaza
883:of the
806:Sources
499:removed
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369:removed
354:sources
319:Marquis
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240:sources
177:Kinlaza
172:Dynasty
84:scholar
881:Rulers
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535:treaty
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410:Angola
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311:Mbamba
295:Jesuit
287:Jesuit
205:Angola
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1024:Kwilu
964:Kwilu
203:from
197:piety
143:Reign
91:JSTOR
77:books
789:ISBN
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689:ISBN
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639:ISBN
482:any
480:cite
352:any
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315:Soyo
307:Duke
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