59:(d. 1722). He appeared as tenente general in 1732, shortly after the conclusion of a treaty between the Topasses and the official Portuguese governor of Timor. There had been a state of intermittent warfare between the two Portuguese fractions since 1702, but during the time of Gaspar da Costa there was a lull in the hostilities. He supported the foundation of a
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while his followers were slaughtered in the thousands. The Topass defeat meant that the Dutch were able to extend their sphere of influence to most of West Timor during the following decade. In this way the battle laid the ground for the colonial division of Timor into halves, which was solidified in the nineteenth century, with consequences until today.
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in France. The priest, however, disappeared with the goods and left
Baltazar to fend for himself. The latter pursued the rest of his life as a ship's cook and a humble relief-seeker. His plight was noted by some French persons of standing, who presented him to the public as the "Prince of Timor", but
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they attacked the fortifications of Gaspar da Costa with success. The weakness of his large but non-uniform army became apparent as big contingents fled the field in the beginning of the battle. When Gaspar da Costa attempted to leave the battlefield on horseback he was pierced by a
Timorese spear,
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princedom joined the Dutch with the bulk of his followers. Gaspar da Costa raised a comprehensive army consisting of
Topasses and levies from the various Timorese princedoms still under his control. The Dutch calculated it to be 20,000 men or even more. The professed aim of Gaspar da Costa was to
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east of Kupang, where they made fortifications of stone and earth. On 9 November 1749 the Dutch sent out a multi-ethnic force consisting of
Europeans, Solorese, Sawunese, Rotinese, mardijkers (non-whites in Dutch service), Timorese, etc. In the ensuing
116:, who were usually clients to the Portuguese, turned rebellious against Gaspar da Costa. As the Topass forces fought back, many Timorese refugees headed for Kupang and the Dutch, who sympathized with the rebels. Especially, the ruler of the prestigious
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in westernmost Timor were generally poor. In 1735 a Topass army seriously threatened Kupang, and in 1746-49 the
Topasses intervened on the Island of
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60:
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on Timor, but at the same time dominated large parts of Timor without caring about the governor. His main seat of residence was
207:
Hägerdal, Hans (2007), 'Rebellions or
Factionalism? Timorese Forms of Resistance in an Early Colonial Context, 1650-1769',
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at the north coast, where the governor resided. Animata was described as an extensive settlement with circa 1,800 houses.
47:, a process that laid the foundations for the modern division of Timor in an Indonesian and an independent part.
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His exact parentage is not known, but he might have been the son of the former tenente general
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Lombard-Jourdain, Anne, 'Infortunes d'un prince de Timor accuelli en France sous Louis XV',
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8:
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28:
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112:, a Dutch dependency close to Timor. In 1748 a number of Timorese princedoms in
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for educational purpose. In the next year the boy and his preceptor arrived to
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43:. He was largely responsible for the dramatic collapse of Portuguese power in
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bring the fugitives back and to eliminate the Dutch garrison in Kupang.
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44:
20:
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Lombard-Jourdain, Anne, 'Du nouveau sur
Balthazar, prince de Timor',
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In 1748 Gaspar da Costa sent his eldest son
Baltazar together with a
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Baltazar eventually died poor and forgotten, some time after 1778.
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The Topass-Timorese army camped at Penfui, at present-day
35:, a Eurasian group that dominated much of the politics on
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Haga, A. (1882), 'De slag bij
Penefoeij en Vendrig Lip',
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Gaspar da Costa's relations with the Dutch colonizers in
180:, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press 1968, pp. 250-1.
218:, Lisboa: Instituto HistĂłrico Infante Dom Henrique.
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209:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
202:Tijdschrift voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
197:, Amsterdam: Indisch Instituut te Amsterdam.
247:Indonesian people of Portuguese descent
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23:, 9 November 1749) was the leader or
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178:Fidalgos in the Far East 1550-1770
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237:18th century in Portuguese Timor
214:Matos, Artur Teodoro de (1974),
242:People from East Nusa Tenggara
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27:(lieutenant general) of the
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79:The son of Gaspar da Costa
216:Timor PortuguĂŞs 1515-1769
195:The Topasses of Timor
193:Boxer, C.R. (1947),
100:The Battle of Penfui
41:early modern period
71:enclave, close to
57:Domingos da Costa
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131:Battle of Penfui
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188:Further reading
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126:El Tari Airport
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67:in the present
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17:Gaspar da Costa
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69:Oecussi-Ambeno
61:priest seminar
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51:Political rise
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176:Boxer, C.R.,
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25:tenente geral
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19:(d. Penfui,
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252:Indo people
232:1749 deaths
226:Categories
138:References
114:West Timor
87:priest to
45:West Timor
31:-speaking
29:Portuguese
21:West Timor
85:Dominican
167:62 2001.
165:Archipel
154:16 1978.
152:Archipel
33:Topasses
93:Lorient
65:Animata
39:in the
118:Sonbai
106:Kupang
89:France
73:Lifau
37:Timor
211:163.
110:Roti
204:27.
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