Gelug - Knowledge

3017: 2868: 38: 1647: 3595: 9535: 2370: 2080: 3609: 3390: 1796: 3361:, "although the Gélukpa tradition recognizes some people as tülkus—beings who are reincarnations of great lamas—the various levels of scholarly achievement are open to any male who is able to complete the program successfully." There are no major restrictions on a monk's ability to attain the various scholastic ranks and geshe degrees other than skill, and they may come from any social class, family or region. Several Westerners have completed the degree in the modern era. 1666: 9335: 442: 9346: 9405: 62: 3070: 6744: 6731: 3484: 3319: 9716: 2003: 6721: 2040:(1876–1933) Tibet reclaimed its independence from China and went through some reforms and modernization activities. The 13th focused on centralizing and modernizing the Tibetan state through developing a modern tax system, military, police and administration. These changes brought about some conflict from the elite Gelug institutions who were used to running their own finances, the most shocking of which was when the 1466:) and rigorous scholarship as well as for tantric practice. According to Sam van Schaik, while Tsongkhapa himself did not work to establish a brand new school per se, it was Tsongkhapa's disciples who took up the project of formally constructing a new school of Buddhism. Furthermore, van Schaik writes that "much of the credit for defining and defending the new school must go to Tsongkhapa’s student Khedrup." 1565: 2839:

deepen the understanding of emptiness through repeated familiarization. The more one trains in emptiness, the deeper one’s discernment becomes, until one transcends the need for conceptual thought, and one’s awareness of emptiness reaches the level of direct perception, such that when one considers a phenomenon in meditation, one immediately apprehends its absence of inherent existence.

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school as well any literature from the Sakya masters who had attacked Tsongkhapa were also banned and their woodblock prints were locked away. The Dalai Lama's attitude towards Nyingma was different, and he supported the collection and preservation of Nyingma texts, as well as personally patronizing the Mindroling monastery and their leaders Terdag Lingpa and Lochen Dharmashri.

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The rule of the 5th Dalai Lama also oversaw the repression of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism who were political enemies of the Gelug school and had supported the Tsang dynasty. After the war, many Kagyu and Jonang monasteries were forcefully converted to Gelug monasteries. The writings of the Jonang

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After the death of Tsongkhapa in 1419 (who at the time was already famous and had attracted numerous disciples) the Gelug (a.k.a. Ganden) order grew extremely quickly through the efforts of Tsongkhapa's disciples who founded numerous new monasteries and spread the doctrine throughout Tibet. The Gelug

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meditation) as a foundation, and thus, non-tantric Mahayana (and its three principal aspects of renunciation, bodhicitta and insight into emptiness) is seen as indispensable for Vajrayana in Gelug. Indeed, according to Tsongkhapa, without having ascertained emptiness, one cannot practice the tantric

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by about three decades. His autobiography and other works integrate the teachings of the Gelug tradition with that of the Nyingma school. Another Gelug master who was associated with non-sectarian activity was Minyak Kunzang Sonam (1823–1905). He was a Dzogchen practitioner and one of the four great

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as the central plank of spiritual practice. In particular, the need to pursue spiritual practice in a graded, sequential manner is emphasized. Arguably, Gelug is the only school of vajrayāna Buddhism that prescribes monastic ordination as a necessary qualification and basis in its teachers (lamas /

2532:) and provides a gradual, step by step path out of this state through diligent training, ethical action and contemplation. According to Powers "the path is envisioned as proceeding in hierarchically arranged stages, and trainees are expected to complete each level before moving on to the next one." 3076: 3059:

that is centered on the practice of guru yoga. Manjushri proceeded to give Tsongkhapa detailed teachings on all aspects of the aforementioned teachings and advised him to consolidate them all into a single practice. This was the impetus for the origins of Lama Chöpa. From these instructions there

3032:). There are two main lineages of this Ganden Mañjuśrī cycle of oral instructions, these are the Ensa tradition (stemming from Gyalwa Ensapa Losang Dondrup) and the Segyu lineage (stemming from Je Sherab Sengye). The teachings of the popular Lama Chöpa practice come down through the Ensa lineage. 2838:

The initial use of reasoning enables the meditator to recognize that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence, and the fact that one is able to demonstrate this through reasoned proofs makes the conviction unshakable. Merely gaining a conceptual apprehension, however, is not enough: one must

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is a central leader of the modern Tibetan diaspora and continues to advocate for Tibetan autonomy and human rights as well as continuing to teach Tibetan Buddhism throughout the world. The Dalai Lama has met with numerous political and religious leaders, as well as scientists and philosophers and

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According to Tsongkhapa, these three elements contain the essence of all Buddhist teachings and practices and are the common goal of all scriptures, treatises and tantras. Furthermore, according to Tsongkhapa, these are not just introductory or partial elements, but essential foundations for all

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were written by his disciples (like Khedrup Je and Tokden Jampel Gyatso). These texts developed the great myths of the Buddha Tsongkhapa (including stories of his previous births and his various mystical visions) and helped established the new identity of the Gelug school as an authentic lineage

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After attaining a monastic degree, it is common to enter a long meditation retreat, often lasting three years or proceed to tantric (Vajrayana) studies. According to Powers "the logic behind this system is based on the idea that one should first gain a thorough grounding in Buddhist scriptures,

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lively...The stated purpose of the exercise is to develop the intellects of the monks, and it is felt that direct dialectical confrontation accomplishes this goal by training them to defend philosophical positions, to think on their feet, and to critically examine their doctrines and positions.

1494:. His works would later be collected together with the works of Gyaltsap and Khedrup (who wrote numerous commentaries on Indian classics and on the works of Tsongkhapa) to become the main unique canonical collection of the Gelug school which is known as the “Father and Sons Collected Works” ( 3371:

the primary method of examination is oral debate, in which a monk must be able quickly to evaluate a wide range of philosophical positions, defend any of them against any other, and triumph (or at least hold his own) in a no-holds-barred intellectual contest. The debates are generally very

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Alexander Berzin notes that in Tibet, there used to only be two examinations (rgyugs-sprod): memorization exam (blo-rgyugs) and debate exams (rtsod-rgyugs). However, according to Berzin, "since the reforms of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in India, they must also pass each year a written exam

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This turn of events provided the Gelug school with powerful patrons who were to propel them to political pre-eminence in Tibet. The Gelug-Mongol alliance was further strengthened as after Sonam Gyatso's death, his incarnation was found to be Altan Khan's great-grandson, who became the

1442: 1858:, was also a noted poet, but he wrote mainly on Buddhist and spiritual themes. The 7th Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso was a highly learned Buddhist scholar and wrote hundreds of titles on various Buddhist topics. During the time of the 7th, Tibet also became a protectorate of the 2824:

The correct view of emptiness is initially established through study and reasoning in order to ascertain if phenomena are the way they appear. Gelug texts contain many explanations to help one obtain a conceptual understanding of emptiness and to practice insight meditation

3074: 1818:) of the Mongolian Gelug tradition. Zanabazar was a great Mongolian polymath who excelled in painting, sculpture, poetry, scholarship and languages. He is credited with having launched a renaissance of Mongolian culture in the seventeenth century, with having created the 1638:. The influence of the Gelug school on Mongolian Buddhism remains strong today. According to Thupten Jinpa "an important legacy of this relationship has been the tradition of young Mongols studying at the great Geluk centers of learning in Amdo and central Tibet." 2397:

Tsongkhapa's works contain a systematic synthesis of Buddhist doctrine which provides a comprehensive vision of the Buddhist path, based on classical Indian Mahayana and Vajrayana. The main Mahayana teachings are found in various texts such as Tsongkhapa's the

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There is a saying in the Gelug, "If one is on the move it is Guhyasamāja. If one is still, it is Guhyasamāja. If one is meditating, it should be upon Guhyasamāja." Therefore, whether one is engaged in study or practice, Guhyasamāja should be one's

1780:. The institutions of the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama each participate in the process of recognizing each other's reincarnations. Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen was a prolific scholar and a great yogi who is particularly known for his writings on Gelug 1726:, and spurred a major renaissance in art and book printing. From the period of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, the Dalai Lamas held political control over central Tibet. The core leadership of this government was also referred to as the 3510:

Ganden Tripa is an elected position held by the most senior ex-abbots of Gyume and Gyuto Upper and Lower Tantric Colleges. The office lasts for seven years only. This is in contrast to the other Tibetan schools, who are led either by specific

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philosophy, doctrines, and practice before engaging in full-time meditation. Trainees who thoroughly understand what they are meditating on will be less likely to go astray in meditation than those whose understanding is merely superficial."

400:'s school was called "Ganden Choluk" meaning "the Spiritual Lineage of Ganden". By taking the first syllable of 'Ganden' and the second of 'Choluk', this was abbreviated to "Galuk" and then modified to the more easily pronounced "Gelug". 1533:). Meanwhile, among the other Tibetan schools, Tsongkhapa now came to be considered "a force to be reckoned with, someone whose vision, ideas, and writings had to be understood in relation to their own cherished lineage and tradition." 2549:

in higher realms. Spiritual practices that are taught for this motivation include contemplating the preciousness of our human rebirth, turning away from the eight worldly concerns, contemplating the suffering of lower rebirths,

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based on the works of Tsongkhapa. According to John Powers, Tsongkhapa's work "contains a comprehensive view of Buddhist philosophy and practice that integrates sutra and tantra, analytical reasoning, and yogic meditation."

2831:). Gelug meditation includes an analytical kind of insight practice which is "the point-by-point contemplation of the logical arguments of the teachings, culminating in those for the voidness of self and all phenomena." 1910:. According to Daniel Cozort, Jamyang's works "are the most comprehensive of the tenets texts" (in Tibetan Buddhism). His reincarnation, Gönchok Jikmé Ongpo (1728–1791), is also known for his shorter tenets text called 4250:

And as we have seen in the previous chapter, the Ge-lug-pa sect in 1640, under its fifth Grand Lama, leapt into temporal power as the dominant sect in Tibet, and has ever since remained the Established Church for the

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For Tsongkhapa, the training in insight and wisdom is closely associated with training in compassion. Training in insight into emptiness deepens compassion and vice verse. Both reinforce and strengthen each other.

4885:"I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts": Dalai Lama; 14 November 2009; Itanagar. Indian Express Newspaper; Hindustan Times Newspaper; PTI News; Dalai Lama Quotes Page – USATODAY.com; Official website; 1477:

and Dülzin Drakpa Gyaltsen. Other important students of Tsongkhapa were Tokden Jampel Gyatso; Jamyang Chöjé and Jamchen Chöjé (the founders of Drepung and Sera monasteries, respectively); and Gendün Drup the

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The Gelug school developed a highly structured system of scholastic study which was based on the memorization and study of key texts as well as formal debate. The primary topics and texts used in study are:

1730:. According to Thupten Jinpa, the 5th Dalai Lama's rule "would bring Tibet into a semblance of political unity for the first time since the collapse of the Tibetan empire some seven hundred years earlier." 1432:

in the world). According to Sam van Schaik these Gelug centers "came to form a triumvirate of massive Gelug monasteries that would dominate the religious and political life of Central Tibet for centuries."

4860: 4904: 3437:, the 1st Dalai Lama. These four were the largest and most powerful Gelug monasteries in Tibet. Before the Chinese occupation Ganden and Sera each had about 5,000 monks, while Drepung housed over 7,000. 3073: 3271:) which were written to explain further scholastic details and interpretative issues. The various sets of Gelug textbooks differ on numerous fine points of interpretation. Major textbook sets include: 4867: 1869:

The 8th, 9th, 10th. 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas all died young and were not significant figures. Tibet was ruled by a series of regents during this period and experienced much political instability.

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The Fifth Dalai Lama was a prolific author and scholar. According to Jinpa "the Fifth Dalai Lama was personally an ecumenist who revered Tibet’s other major Buddhist traditions, especially the

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Tsongkhapa rejects the idea that all intellectual effort, concepts, and mental activity are obstacles to spiritual understanding. He also rejects certain views of emptiness, particularly the

1413:, and Buddhist practice. Tsongkhapa's numerous works on philosophy and tantric practice were widely influential and they marked a turning point in the history of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy. 5584: 3545:, the Chagkya Dorje Chang, Ngachen Könchok Gyaltsen, Kyishö Tulku Tenzin Thrinly, Jamyang Shepa, Phurchok Jampa Rinpoche, Jamyang Dewe Dorje, Takphu Rinpoche, Khachen Yeshe Gyaltsen 1386:(1349–1412), the Drikung Thil scholar Chenga Chokyi Gyalpo, the Kadam mystic Lama Umapa, the Jonang master Bodong Chokley Namgyal and the Dzogchen master Drupchen Lekyi Dorje. 10209: 10204: 1521:

in the east." John Powers also notes that during the following centuries the Gelug school "continued to produce an impressive number of eminent scholars and tantric adepts."

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Some western students of diaspora Gelug lamas (some of which spent time as monastics) have also become scholars of Buddhism as well as translators and teachers, including

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As the name indicates, this is a gradual path model in which the practitioner accomplishes varying stages of contemplation and training based on classical Indian

1548:, and Shākya Chokden. Their critique would be countered by the works of numerous Gelug scholars, such as Lekpa Chöjor (a.k.a. Jamyang Galo, 1429–1503), the first 4908: 3334:

of the root text and sometimes of its commentaries. It continues with the interpretation of the root text through commentaries, and culminates in dialectical

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depicting Je Tsongkapa at the center of the tree surrounded by Indian and Tibetan Buddhist masters. Thangkas like these are often used as a focus for taking

3051:, using these as a means of increasing wisdom and overcoming obstacles. With this as the foundation for his tantric practice he should establish a basis of 1966:

According to Roger R. Jackson, this text is "arguably the widest-ranging account of religious philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet." This work of

1850:(1683–1706) was an unconventional figure who liked to live as a layperson, refused monastic vows, drank alcohol, slept with women and write love poems and 7485: 4864: 2625:) that give rise to samsara (attachment, anger, pride, ignorance, wrong views, and doubt) as well as the analysis of samsara contained in the 12 links of 2463:

and other Indian Madhyamaka authors. According to Gelug scholastics, Tsongkhapa's presentation of the stages of the path is traced through Atisha back to

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fled for China after losing a power struggle with the Dalai lama. The 13th Dalai Lama also launched a new modern printing of the Tibetan Buddhist canon.

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The Life of Shabkar: The Autobiography of a Tibetan yogin by Źabs-dkar Tshogs-drug-raṅ-grol, Matthieu Ricard. State University of New York Press: 1994.

2059:" began, spearheaded by the sectarian tendencies of Pabongkha. This division within the Gelug order was based on the worship of a protector deity named 8400: 6875: 3451:), was founded in 1709 by the first Jamyang Zhaypa, Ngawang Tsondru. Many Gelug monasteries and temples were also built throughout Tibet as well as in 2702:

methods to aid in the speedy attainment of Buddhahood. Higher motivations are said to build on, but not to subvert the foundation of the earlier ones.

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and with widely promoting Buddhism among the Mongols. Zanabazar also oversaw the construction of numerous major Gelug monasteries in Mongolia, such as

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tradition. The "Great Fifth" wrote numerous works and revealed a cycle of Dzogchen teachings. One of his students (and political successor as regent),

1344: 5102: 2334:. These were known as the “Three Polymaths”, which were Tséten Zhabdrung (1910–1985), Mugé Samten (1914–1993), and Dungkar Lozang Trinlé (1927–1997). 10559: 4835: 3024:

The Gelug tradition also has a unique lineage of oral instructions which is traced back to the teachings received by Tsongkhapa from the bodhisattva

5156: 10465: 2246: 1894:) became a particularly important element of Gelug education and scholarship. Perhaps the most influential Gelug doxographer was the great scholar 1401:(stages of the path) with the Vajrayana teachings of the Sakya, Kaygu and Jonang schools. He also emphasized monasticism and a strict adherence to 2098:

XXVI conference, 2013. The Mind and Life institute has been a series of dialogues on Buddhism and science, and these have influenced the field of

8404: 3503:, Ganden Throne Holder), an office which became the official head of the entire Gelug school. The lineage is still held by the present holder is 2929:

The Gelug school also follows Tsongkhapa's view that Vajrayana is only differentiated from sutra by its special method, the esoteric practice of

8628: 4263: 3773: 1955:, compiled a collection of the canon in four languages (Chinese, Manchurian, Mongolian and Tibetan) and also supervised the translation of the 3491:

After Tsongkhapa's passing, his teachings were held and spread by Gyaltsab Je and Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, who were his successors as abbots of

10176: 1706:, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682), was the first in his line to hold full political and spiritual power in Tibet. He established a formal 4279:, p. 249. English translation by Edward Fitzgerald, published 1960. Reprint, with updated new chapter, (1986): Wisdom Publications, London. 10564: 6845: 9646: 5260:

Tsongkhapa’s Coordination of Sūtra and Tantra: Ascetic Performance, Narrative, and Philosophy in the Creation of the Tibetan Buddhist Self

2435: 1695:(1595–1657), treasurer of the Ganden Palace, was the prime architect of the Gelug's rise to political power. Later he received the title 9641: 1962:

During the 18th century, Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), a student of Changkya, took the tenets genre one step further with his

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school, who wrote critiques of Tsongkhapa's philosophy, such as Rongton Shakya Gyaltsen (1367–1449) (and his work led to a response by

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This initial period of growth also saw scholastic debates and exchanges between the new Gelug tradition and the earlier sects like the

6688: 10440: 10024: 6710: 6510: 5985: 5667: 1383: 171:(c. 11th century). The school of New Kadam, or New Kadampa is an offshoot of the Gelug-tradition. Furthermore, it is also called the 10141: 9825: 5640: 5513: 2595:

and a desire for true freedom. This comes from contemplating how all forms of rebirth (even the highest forms) are unsatisfactory (

1544:). This debate over Tsongkhapa's madhyamaka interpretation was then taken up by a trio of Sakya school thinkers: Taktsang Lotsawa, 9882: 4808: 2859:

gurus). Lay people are usually not permitted to give initiations if there are teachers with monastic vows within close proximity.

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By the end of the fifteenth century, Tsongkhapa had come to be seen as a second Buddha among in the Gelug tradition, and various

1470: 145: 46: 3377:(bri-rgyugs), a poetry composition exam (rtsom-bri), and a Tibetan culture and religious history exam (rgyal-rabs chos-byung)." 1552:

Lozang Chökyi Gyaltsen (1507–1662), Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen (1469–1544/46), Sera Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Delek Nyima and

10822: 9933: 9779: 9656: 9534: 8875: 6855: 2867: 2799: 2342: 2130:. The three major Gelug monastic colleges (Sera, Drepung and Ganden) were recreated in India. The Dalai Lama's current seat is 1337: 814: 207: 5330: 5146:

Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Introduction to Religion) 2nd Edition, page 208.

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Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Introduction to Religion) 2nd Edition, page 341.

4905:"The Dalai Lama, President Obama and Pope Francis at Highest Levels of Popularity in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries" 4856: 1872:

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Gelug figures continued to produce new scholastic works. The development of the "tenets" (

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who was said to punish Gelugs who entered into practices from other Buddhist schools. 13th Dalai Lama (who himself practiced

5485: 3760:"The Setting of the New Kadampa Tradition (NKT) / Kadampa Meditation Centres (KMC), Dorje Shugden & Dalai Lama protests" 2020:

yogi who is particularly known for his non-sectarian study of various Tibetan Buddhist traditions, especially the Gelug and

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According to Thupten Jinpa, by the end of the fifteenth century, the "new Ganden tradition had spread through the entire

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The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism: with its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology, and in its Relation to Indian Buddhism

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Newland, Guy, Changing Minds: Contributions to the Study of Buddhism and Tibet in Honor of Jeffrey Hopkins 2001 p. 155

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Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama (1385–1438 CE), the main leader of the Gelug school after Tsongkhapa's death

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since the end of the 16th century (religiously and politically). Another alternative name for this tradition is the

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and contemplating the karmic law of cause and effect. Another important element for this level is the practice of

1428:(in 1419), which became the "great three" Gelug monasteries (and eventually they would become some of the largest 10936: 10817: 10651: 10099: 10059: 9792: 9651: 9282: 9272: 7101: 5732: 3520: 2997: 1537: 1367: 1254: 468: 183:("Ganden Throne Holder") is the official head of the school, though its most influential political figure is the 10494: 10460: 10269: 9872: 9692: 9227: 8880: 8682: 8573: 8518: 7091: 4640: 4277:

Tibet is My Country: Autobiography of Thubten Jigme Norbu, Brother of the Dalai Lama as told to Heinrich Harrer

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Jackson, Roger, "The dGe ldan-bKa' brgyud Tradition of Mahamudra How Much dGe ldan? How Much bKa' brgyud?" in

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The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet by Ringu Tulku,

2993: 327: 10554: 6274: 2052: 37: 10910: 10514: 10356: 10166: 9995: 8780: 8652: 8623: 8325: 6642: 5430:

Dreyfus, Georges. The Sound of Two Hands Clapping The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk, 2003, page 118.

5421:

Dreyfus, Georges. The Sound of Two Hands Clapping The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk, 2003, page 108.

2346: 1948: 1746: 1737:." In this he was influenced by his teacher Paljor Lhundrup who was a Gelug monk and master of the Nyingma 1410: 1932: 1918: 10317: 10109: 10069: 9815: 9602: 8471: 8380: 7850: 7495: 7008: 6903: 1292: 932: 8015: 5778: 4668: 1956: 1935:

is also known for his knowledge of languages and translation work and for being the main teacher in the

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Manjushri's Innermost Secret: A Profound Commentary of Oral Instructions on the Practice of Lama Chöpa,

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All Gelug colleges study commentaries to these texts written by Tsongkhapa, Gyaltsab Je and Kedrub Je.

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Manjushri instructed Tsongkhapa to combine the teachings on the clear light and illusory body from the

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Buddhism. The presentation of the Buddhist path begins with beings on the lowest level (those who have

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Kunkyen Jamyang Zhepa (1648–1721), studied at Drepung Gomang College, Drepung Deyang College, Labrang

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degree, a title rare and difficult to obtain which can take 15 to 25 years to complete. According to

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Numerous other Gelug teachers now teach in the West and Gelug centers have become a regular part of

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The Wisdom Chapter: Jamgön Mipham's Commentary on the Ninth Chapter of The Way of the Bodhisattva.

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The Wisdom Chapter: Jamgön Mipham's Commentary on the Ninth Chapter of The Way of the Bodhisattva.

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region one finds some of the oldest Gelug monasteries on the eastern plateau such as Dhe-Tsang.

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After the study of the exoteric texts, a monk may then enter the esoteric study and practice of

2813:. According to Jay Garfield, Tsongkhapa's view is "a synthesis of the epistemology and logic of 2535:

The Lamrim teachings are commonly organized based on three main graduated scopes of motivation:

1749:, astrology, biography and calligraphy. He is the author of the important Tibetan medical text, 1595:. "Dalai" is a translation into Mongolian of the Tibetan name "Gyatso" (ocean). Gendün Drup and 1490:

college. By the end of the fifteenth century, the collected works of Tsongkhapa had been set on

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Buddhist Philosophy: Losang Gönchok's Short Commentary to Jamyang Shayba's Root Text on Tenets,

3430: 3364: 3358: 2944:, a text which he considered to be the "king of tantras". Tsongkhapa referred to himself as a " 2626: 2330:

period, three Gelug scholars became important figures in the revival of Tibetan studies in the

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The Nectar of Manjushri's Speech: A Detailed Commentary on Shantideva's Way of the Bodhisattva

4371: 4365: 2349:. The Gelug tradition also has a strong traditional presence in modern Russian Republics like 10887: 10743: 10738: 10715: 10482: 10161: 10134: 10094: 10049: 10002: 9982: 9925: 9765: 9737: 9730: 9267: 9237: 8818: 8750: 8583: 8498: 8493: 8417: 8412: 8330: 6860: 6611: 6414: 6384: 5927: 5804: 5222:

Ray, Reginald. Indestructible Truth The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism, page 196-197

3549: 3172: 2467:(who received it from Manjushri). Tsongkhapa is also said to have incorporated elements from 2182: 2111: 1811: 1777: 978: 524: 506: 260: 188: 7883: 5124:

Transcription of a seminar, Dharamsala, India, October 1976; translated by Alexander Berzin.

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Paper given on 7th Conference of International Association For Tibetan Studies in June 1995

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The 20th century saw several influential figures emerge from Gelug institutions, including

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Monastery, and most monasteries in Inner and Outer Mongolia, Buryatia, Kalmykia, and Tuva.

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arose a very secret system of guru yoga that was transmitted orally from guru to disciple.

2882:

of the Gelug school are also integrated into the stages of the path model by Tsongkhapa's

2455: 1618:, and supported the establishment of monasteries and the translation of Buddhist texts to 8: 10698: 10531: 10229: 10171: 9940: 9546: 9097: 8976: 8810: 8785: 8775: 8735: 8712: 8595: 8568: 8528: 8447: 8437: 8365: 8292: 7723: 7580: 7361: 7339: 7291: 7111: 6911: 6767: 6747: 5849: 3622: 2966: 2891: 2273: 2230: 2155: 2115: 2087: 2048: 1309: 1304: 873: 451: 403:

The Gelug school was also called the "New Kadam", because it saw itself a revival of the

7071: 6998: 6404: 6364: 4627:

The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought.

3807:

Ray, Reginald. Indestructible Truth: The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism, Ch. 8.

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For each topic studied, the procedure is similar. The process starts with the heuristic

3202:

Six texts by Tsongkhapa are also a prime source for the studies of the Gelug tradition:

2810: 2584: 2079: 1699:, meaning "Regent", which he would earn through his efforts to establish Gelugpa power. 10874: 10839: 10656: 10626: 10472: 10341: 10284: 10084: 10079: 10064: 9160: 9065: 8907: 8870: 8865: 8795: 8745: 8692: 8687: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8538: 8523: 8508: 8503: 8442: 8422: 8385: 8310: 8115: 7816: 7740: 7618: 7560: 7401: 7301: 7229: 7204: 6850: 6780: 6627: 6556: 6551: 6099: 4257: 3556: 3343: 2638:

The highest scope suitable for those who have great compassion and thus seek to attain

2618: 2546: 2529: 2381: 2369: 1753:

commissioned a set of medical paintings and wrote a biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama.

1742: 1619: 1491: 1264: 990: 949: 804: 770: 754: 68:(center), the most influential figure of the contemporary Gelug tradition, at the 2003 8959: 6124: 4656:

Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection,

4088:

Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection,

2173:

Perhaps the largest religious organization associated with the Gelug tradition is the

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Liberation in the Palm of Your Hand: A Concise Discourse on the Path to Enlightenment

4735: 4609: 4559: 4525: 4432: 4375: 4344: 4280: 4241: 4196: 4188: 4168: 4044: 4014: 3957: 3855: 3464: 3440: 3422: 3292: 3191: 2785: 2559: 2496: 2281: 2131: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1873: 1851: 1679:, the Gelug school emerged as the dominant one, with the military help of the Mongol 1421: 1138: 1056: 1000: 983: 973: 944: 809: 792: 780: 8282: 7076: 6976: 5844: 3187: 2426:

There are also various other expositions of the Lamrim by other figures such as the

866: 10929: 10829: 10780: 10763: 10646: 10580: 10420: 10249: 10151: 10129: 9800: 8986: 8939: 8934: 8790: 8755: 8730: 8725: 8476: 8432: 8345: 8020: 7676: 7669: 7453: 7443: 7329: 6993: 6865: 6571: 6561: 6469: 6374: 6234: 6224: 6139: 5676: 3670: 3643: 3627: 3492: 3468: 3418: 3393: 3296: 2714:, Tsongkhapa outlines the three main elements of the path to awakening as follows: 2226: 2190: 2139: 2127: 2091: 1975: 1940: 1823: 1676: 1627: 1417: 1180: 1175: 1012: 1007: 966: 956: 441: 431: 354: 301: 289: 283: 280: 227: 172: 122: 87: 8065: 5727: 4341:

The Thirteenth Dalai Lama on the Run (1904–1906): Archival Documents from Mongolia

2110:

and thousands of Tibetan monasteries were destroyed or damaged (mainly during the

2025: 519: 493: 10844: 10834: 10731: 10370: 10365: 10351: 10114: 9977: 9965: 9859: 9846: 9698: 9560: 9521: 9513: 9505: 9497: 9489: 9350: 9295: 9247: 9175: 9045: 8843: 8823: 8765: 8677: 8340: 8238: 8085: 7821: 7804: 7789: 7767: 7319: 7189: 7023: 7003: 6596: 6591: 6329: 6309: 6199: 6194: 5970: 5337: 4882: 4871: 4601: 3734:

Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, Development and Adaptation,

3700: 3608: 3568: 3146: 3123: 2747: 2673: 2563: 2525: 2491: 2308: 2289: 2269: 2257: 2222: 2194: 2185:. The organization runs numerous meditation centers, several monasteries such as 2146: 2119: 2037: 2030: 1952: 1799:

Zanabanzar, self-portrait, late 17th or early 18th century, Museum of Fine Arts,

1727: 1654: 1502: 1219: 1044: 1034: 1029: 712: 707: 609: 529: 393: 65: 8095: 7249: 7239: 4732:

Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, development and adaptation

2777: 2631: 10966: 10945: 10900: 10880: 10806: 10748: 9864: 9481: 9473: 9465: 9457: 9449: 9441: 9433: 9425: 9417: 9305: 9008: 8858: 8640: 8220: 8200: 8120: 7809: 7799: 7733: 7570: 7056: 6919: 6601: 6586: 6454: 6349: 6344: 6284: 6269: 6144: 6089: 6084: 5185:

Steps on the Path to Enlightenment: A Commentary on Tsongkhapa's Lamrim Chenmo,

5073:

Steps on the Path to Enlightenment: A Commentary on Tsongkhapa's Lamrim Chenmo,

3507:, the 102nd Ganden Tripa (and not, as often misunderstood, by the Dalai Lama). 3426: 3405: 3276: 3179: 3082: 2948:

yogi" and saw himself as a reviver and reformer of the tradition. As such, the

2772: 2664:) towards all beings, and proceeds on to the cultivation of practices like the 2551: 2483: 2427: 2312: 2293: 2265: 2261: 2242: 2234: 1863: 1855: 1847: 1819: 1723: 1703: 1635: 1592: 1576: 1569: 1479: 1425: 1224: 1193: 1155: 1145: 1039: 1017: 939: 702: 539: 534: 270: 235: 153: 130: 5084:

Pabongka Rinpoche; Trijang Rinpoche (editor); Richards, Michael (translator).

4783:"Overview of Namgyal Ithaca – Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies" 3524: 2541: 1680: 1449: 1405:(monastic discipline). He combined this with extensive and unique writings on 1366:, an eclectic Buddhist monk and yogi who traveled Tibet studying under Kadam, 10960: 10854: 10322: 9567: 9075: 8924: 8233: 8135: 7993: 7794: 7772: 7708: 7379: 7174: 7169: 7061: 6730: 6434: 6429: 6379: 6369: 6314: 6254: 6244: 6239: 6209: 6154: 6058: 6011: 5975: 5955: 5950: 5915: 4400: 4245: 3574: 3048: 2934: 2678: 2643: 2300: 2238: 2218: 2214: 2178: 2060: 1895: 1715: 1688: 1669: 1596: 1553: 1506: 1371: 1363: 1123: 1022: 854: 697: 668: 632: 614: 594: 126: 42: 31: 7533: 7523: 6895: 4496:. Songs of Love, Poems of Sadness: The Erotic Verse of the Sixth Dalai Lama. 3043:

Tantra, the teachings on inner fire and the use of an action mudra from the

2802: 2660: 10812: 10768: 10758: 10710: 10705: 10688: 10336: 10007: 9618: 9165: 9150: 9120: 9070: 9060: 8902: 8697: 8190: 8025: 7903: 7691: 7686: 7513: 7384: 7259: 6720: 6354: 6184: 6134: 6068: 6006: 5965: 5814: 5349:

Berzin, Alexander; Dalai Lama. The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra, 1997

5211:

Ocean of Reasoning: A Great Commentary on Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarika,

5011:, The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Volume 1). 4861:

I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts: The Dalai Lama – Hindustan Times

3638: 3600: 3542: 3496: 3331: 3275:

Jetsun Chokyi Gyaltsen's (1469–1544) textbooks, studied at Ganden Jangtse,

3167: 3129: 2806: 2798:. The proper view of emptiness in the Gelug school is considered to be the 2719: 2555: 2285: 2206: 2198: 1936: 1795: 1765: 1711: 1692: 1650: 1549: 1462:

school developed a reputation for strict adherence to monastic discipline (

1259: 1244: 1084: 604: 361: 180: 7948: 7933: 7893: 7590: 7254: 6830: 3818:

Ocean of Reasoning: A Great Commentary on Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakarika

2933:, which is considered to be a much faster method than the practice of the 2827: 2687: 2613: 2316: 2304: 2193:. Other influential Gelug lamas who have taught western Buddhists include 1925:, and Ngawang Belden (b. 1797), who wrote a major commentary on Jamyang’s 760: 10793: 10788: 9574: 9135: 8964: 8105: 8090: 7873: 7681: 7609: 7389: 7219: 7121: 6968: 6840: 6424: 6279: 5922: 5839: 4395: 4367:

A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951–1955

3845:

Crystal Mirror VI : 1971, Dharma Publishing, page 464, 0-913546-59-3

3655: 3614: 3389: 3300: 3141: 2974: 2814: 2791: 2374: 2277: 2151: 2135: 2068: 1859: 1854:. His verses are an important part of Tibetan poetry. His successor, the 1800: 1745:

was also known as a great scholar who wrote various works on topics like

1525: 1487: 1474: 1237: 775: 577: 149: 133: 50: 10546: 9125: 7585: 1665: 10905: 10693: 10499: 9990: 9854: 9392: 9080: 9038: 8914: 8720: 8645: 8259: 8243: 8205: 8185: 8080: 8055: 7963: 7898: 7878: 7624: 7555: 7426: 7309: 7279: 7214: 7164: 6822: 6812: 6785: 6419: 6334: 6063: 5960: 5799: 5758: 5286:

Tsongkhapa, The Dalai Lama, Hopkins, Jeffrey (2016), pp. viii, 189–194.

4974:

Lineages of the Literary: Tibetan Buddhist Polymaths of Socialist China

4875: 3634: 3535: 3159: 3118: 3114: 2953: 2930: 2918: 2909: 2887: 2737: 2732: 2648: 2646:

motivation). This begins with the generation of the mind of awakening (

2639: 2597: 2460: 2424:

The Three Principles of the Path, The Foundation of All Good Qualities.

2163: 2024:

traditions. His writings on non-sectarianism prefigure the rise of the

1891: 1761: 1707: 1600: 1588: 1406: 1274: 1079: 919: 907: 897: 861: 599: 397: 184: 69: 54: 10415: 8100: 7096: 5834: 5824: 3267:

Each Gelug monastery also uses its own set of commentarial textbooks (

3151: 2509: 1773: 1510: 10661: 10375: 10210:

29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)

10205:

13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)

9955: 9055: 9028: 8195: 8070: 7782: 7698: 7575: 7465: 7438: 7431: 7394: 7351: 7314: 7081: 7046: 7013: 6988: 6943: 6667: 6339: 5809: 5783: 5773: 5585:

Ringu Tulku: The Rimé (Ris-med) movement of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great

5319:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

5306:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

5275:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

3694:. Official website of the Office of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. 3227:

The Essence of Eloquence on the Interpretive and Definitive Teachings

3025: 2970: 2904: 2818: 2724: 2699: 2592: 2539:

The lowest scope suitable for those who delight in cyclic existence (

2464: 2055:(1878–1941). During the reign of the 13th Dalai Lama, the so-called " 1886: 1807: 1781: 1623: 1530: 1429: 1269: 902: 885: 655: 389: 137: 73: 61: 8828: 7664: 7518: 7284: 7066: 6935: 6927: 6677: 5905: 5500:"Built Heritage on the Eastern Tibetan plateau: Dhe-Tsang Monastery" 2654: 1906:

and a huge commentary to this root text (around 530 folios), called

1113: 10331: 9910: 9345: 9185: 9140: 9085: 9050: 8954: 8613: 8180: 8175: 8125: 8060: 7978: 7943: 7938: 7599: 7470: 7458: 7369: 7028: 6725: 6324: 6032: 5900: 5753: 5692: 5645: 4327:

The Mirror of Beryl: A Historical Introduction to Tibetan Medicine,

3483: 3472: 3456: 2989: 2762:

Buddhist practices, sutric (i.e. non-tantric Mahayana) or tantric.

2753: 2588: 2521: 2472: 2449:

These Lamrim works are based on the teachings of the Indian master

2354: 2350: 2017: 1881: 1769: 1738: 1615: 1482:." Several major monastic centers were founded in Tsang, including 1165: 1101: 826: 582: 544: 473: 196: 10235:

Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)

8170: 8160: 8145: 7968: 7838: 7106: 6490: 6104: 4185:

Tibet: An account of the history, religion and the people of Tibet

3318: 2852:

The Gelug school focuses on ethics and monastic discipline of the

2690:

meditation), culminating with the direct realization of emptiness.

2450: 557: 168: 10799: 10753: 10668: 9960: 9757: 9090: 9033: 9018: 8165: 8155: 8130: 8005: 8000: 7958: 7928: 7860: 7826: 7713: 7654: 7649: 7503: 7406: 7244: 7194: 6981: 6807: 6566: 6520: 6464: 6459: 6189: 6179: 6037: 5895: 5722: 3516: 3137: 2795: 2683: 2669: 2607: 2479: 2377: 2320: 2064: 2021: 2002: 1734: 1684: 1658: 1607: 1584: 1545: 1379: 1249: 1205: 1200: 1096: 995: 961: 749: 673: 458: 385: 9587: 7777: 7545: 5748: 4809:"Neuroscientists and the Dalai Lama Swap Insights on Meditation" 3005: 10678: 10327: 9970: 9170: 9155: 8991: 8853: 8833: 8608: 8270: 8150: 8140: 8075: 7703: 7659: 7644: 7634: 7604: 7528: 7411: 7179: 7051: 6795: 6790: 6652: 6581: 6505: 6500: 6495: 5890: 5885: 5864: 5768: 5763: 5712: 4935: 3562: 3335: 3285:

Kedrub Tendarwa's texts (1493–1568), studied at Sera Me College

3104: 3056: 3052: 2983:

A Root Text for the Precious Gelug/Kagyü Tradition of Mahamudra

2854: 2665: 2500:(Stages of Meditation). Another important text in Gelug is the 2468: 1564: 1463: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1375: 1150: 914: 849: 572: 567: 562: 483: 408: 381: 9361: 4949: 4641:“The Rimé Activities of Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (1781–1851)” 2166:

has become one of the world's most admired religious figures.

191:, the Gelug school emerged as the dominant Buddhist school in 10864: 10673: 9788: 9703: 9310: 9145: 9003: 8969: 8949: 8919: 8848: 8265: 8110: 7988: 7983: 7953: 7908: 7755: 7750: 7629: 7334: 7159: 7126: 7116: 6672: 6530: 6525: 6515: 5910: 5829: 5717: 5630: 5044:

Thubten Jinpa (translator). The Book of Kadam: The Core Texts

4753:

Open Mind: View and Meditation in the Lineage of Lerab Lingpa

3512: 3452: 3444: 3354: 3004:

are some Gelug-pa Dzogchen masters. Likewise the practice of

2331: 2123: 1719: 1441: 1160: 1118: 1108: 1061: 478: 192: 176: 144:

and further expanded and developed by his disciples (such as

102: 5295:

Tsongkhapa, The Dalai Lama, Hopkins, Jeffrey (2016), p. vii.

5209:

Garfield, Jay L.; Geshe Ngawang Samten; Tsong khapa (2006).

4625:

Thuken Losang Chokyi Nyima, Jackson, Roger (editor) (2017).

4608:. Introducing World Religions. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 249. 3353:

A monk who has completed all his studies may then attempt a

2508:

which includes teachings from Kadam masters like Atisha and

10410: 10405: 9905: 9180: 7973: 7639: 7136: 5880: 3460: 3448: 3400: 2591:

motivation). The focus of this middle scope is cultivating

2358: 2315:, the only Tibetan Buddhist training monastery for Western 1518: 1514: 1091: 141: 93: 5610:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

4588:

Blo-bzaṅ-dkon-mchog, Daniel Cozort, Craig Preston (2003).

4575:

Changkya Rölpai Dorjé; Lopez, Donald (translator) (2019).

4556:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

4522:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

2629:. Though this level also includes insight into emptiness ( 2225:

Some Gelug lamas also went on to receive a modern western

10641: 8838: 7374: 5697: 3661:

Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

2965:

Tsongkhapa also incorporated the tantric practice of the

2718:

The intention definitely to leave cyclic existence, i.e.

2175:

Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

1806:

The Fifth Dalai Lama is also known for having recognized

1764:

and the Dalai Lama in 1645. This is the beginning of the

1756:

During the rule of the Fifth Dalai Lama that his teacher

1683:

who invaded Tibet in 1642 in order to defeat the king of

1559: 105: 90: 5088:(New Revised Edition) 2006. Wisdom Publications. Boston. 4645:

Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, no. 29, Avril 2014, pp. 5–30.

2940:

Tsongkhapa's tantric practice and theory focuses on the

2765: 2635:), it is not as thoroughly explained as in the Mahayana. 2016:(1781–1851) who was an influential Gelug monk, poet and 1606:

Sönam Gyatso was very active in proselytizing among the

53:) on his left and right with other lineage teachers and 4507:

Thubten Samphel and Tendar. Roli & Janssen (2004).

2770:

In Gelug, the achievement of the perfection of wisdom (

2601:) as well as practicing the three trainings of ethics ( 1710:

system of government, opened diplomatic relations with

121:'virtuous') is the newest of the four major schools of 10260:

Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)

10245:

Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)

5486:"Lithang Monastery: Cycles of Destruction and Renewal" 5340:

by the Dalai Lama (06-12-2000), retrieved 03-23-2010).

5155:

Je Tsongkhapa, Lama Zopa Rinpoche (translator) (2010)

4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4126: 4124: 4122: 3247:

The Clear Exposition of the Five Stages of Guhyasamāja

3008:

was taught by Gelug-pas such as Kyabje Zong Rinpoche.

2572:) by avoiding the ten harmful actions and cultivating 2515: 2323:(fully ordained male monastics) in the United States. 2138:, this monastery also maintains a branch monastery in 1505:, with monasteries upholding the tradition located in 4907:. New York: Harris, A Nielsen Company. Archived from 4857:

I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts: Dalai Lama

4524:. pp. 302–308. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4325:

Sangye Desi Gyatso; Kilty, Gavin (translator) (2016)

4165:

The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama

3692:

The Shugden Affair: Origins of a Controversy (Part I)

2952:

is the principal tantra for the Gelug school. As the

2108:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

5183:

Geshe Lhundup Sopa, David Patt, Beth Newman (2004).

5071:

Geshe Lhundup Sopa, David Patt, Beth Newman (2004).

4431:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. xix. 4183:

Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).

4043:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. pp. 365–372. 3956:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–365. 3590: 3346:

texts, particularly the Guhyasamāja, Yamāntaka, and

1579:, who was considered to be the third incarnation of 99: 5121:

Traditional Presentation of the Lam-rim Graded Path

4429:

Buddhism in Mongolian History, Culture, and Society

4136: 4119: 4112:Jamgon Mipham, Padmakara Translation Group (2017). 4099:Jamgon Mipham, Padmakara Translation Group (2017). 2790:(other emptiness) view, which is seen as a kind of 2326:After the brutal repression of Buddhism during the 2118:of 1966–1976), and many Gelug monks, including the 1614:in the ensuing centuries. Sönam Gyatso traveled to 96: 4887:Signs of change emanating within China: Dalai Lama 3871:Van Schaik. The Spirit of Tibetan Buddhism, p. 10. 3384: 1591:. As a result, Sönam Gyatso was designated as the 159:The Gelug school is alternatively known as Kadam ( 3530:Among the main lineage holders of the Gelug are: 2776:) requires a proper understanding of the view of 2074: 1583:, formed an alliance with the then most powerful 1393:school, Tsongkhapa merged the Kadam teachings of 384:" is the Tibetan rendition of the Sanskrit name " 163:), since it sees itself as a continuation of the 10958: 4339:Chuluun, Sampildondov; Bulag, Uradyn E. (2013). 3538:(also commonly referred to as "Gyalwa Rinpoche") 1917:Other key Gelug scholars of this period include 1914:as well as other works on the bodhisattva path. 1599:were posthumously recognized as the 1st and 2nd 5361:Kachen Yeshe Gyaltsen; Gonsalez, David (2019). 5317:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 5304:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 5273:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 4902: 4013:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. p. 365. 3776:, Berzin Archives, retrieved 18 September 2020. 2583:from the round of rebirths for themselves (the 2490:is also based on eighth-century Indian teacher 1420:in 1409, which was followed by the founding of 187:("Ocean Teacher"). Allying themselves with the 45:, the founder, and his two principal students ( 4950:"Home – Sravasti Abbey – A Buddhist Monastery" 4734:, p. 43. London: Routledge Curzon. pp. 44–52. 3882:Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy 3207:The Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path 2977:lineages. This tradition was continued by the 2617:). This level also includes contemplating the 2471:presentation of the path (as taught to him by 2388: 1641: 10177:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China 9773: 9603: 9377: 6704: 5661: 5264:p. 286. Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University. 4929: 4832:"Scientist, Dalai Lama Share Research Effort" 3478: 2751:), i.e. a proper understanding of emptiness ( 1338: 333: 315: 7486:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 4834:. NBC News. Associated Press. Archived from 4338: 3893:Lama Tsongkhapa, Lamrim Chenmo V3 Pp 224–267 3487:6th ganden tripa Chokyi Gyeltsen (1402–1473) 3447:(and in the traditional Tibetan province of 2917:For Tsongkhapa, Vajrayana practice requires 2874:mandala with Mañjuvajra as the central deity 2862: 1675:Following violent strife among the sects of 1610:, and the Gelug tradition was to become the 1469:Tsongkhapa's three principal disciples were 3917:(Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). 3552:, the spiritual heads of Mongolian Buddhism 3020:Mañjuśrī, 18th century, Rubin Museum of Art 1974:discusses all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, 1653:painting of the 5th Dalai Lama meeting the 118: 9780: 9766: 9610: 9596: 9384: 9370: 6711: 6697: 5668: 5654: 4370:. University of California Press. p. 4262:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3579:Successive incarnations of Kyabje Yongzin 3573:Successive incarnations of Kyabje Yongzin 2579:The middle scope of those who are seeking 2347:fall of communist rule in Mongolia in 1990 1943:. Changkya oversaw the translation of the 1382:teachers. These include the Sakya scholar 1345: 1331: 5547:"Special Features of the Gelug Tradition" 4363: 4041:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 4011:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 3954:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 2408:Middling Graded Path (Lam rim ‘bring ba), 2012:The 19th century saw the great figure of 9677:Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen 5612:. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4558:. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4388: 3482: 3399: 3388: 3317: 3089: 3068: 3015: 2866: 2368: 2337:The Mongolian Gelug school under by the 2078: 2001: 1964:Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems. 1841: 1794: 1664: 1645: 1563: 1513:, in central and southern Tibet, and in 1448: 1440: 60: 36: 8673:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 5540: 5538: 5454: 5452: 4235: 3915:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3749:. Yale University Press 2011, page 129. 3429:was founded by Chöje Shakya Yeshe, and 3291:texts (1478–1554) which are studied at 2642:so as to aid the liberation of others ( 2203:Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery 1760:received the title "Panchen Bogd" from 206:Doctrinally, the Gelug school promotes 14: 10959: 9934:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs 8876:List of Buddhist architecture in China 5438: 5436: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5357: 5355: 5054: 5052: 5050: 4889:; By Shoumojit Banerjee; 27 May 2010; 4187:, p. 219. Touchstone Books, New York. 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3841: 3839: 3011: 2705: 2554:, the preciousness of human life, and 2319:(fully ordained female monastics) and 1722:, institutionalized the Tibetan state 1560:The Dalai Lamas and spread to Mongolia 208:a unique form of prasangika Madhyamaka 10015:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule 9761: 9591: 9365: 6692: 5649: 5590: 5399:"The Gelug Monastic Education System" 5378:, pp. 477–78. Snow Lion Publications. 5331:Speech to the Second Gelug Conference 5235:, pp. 490–91. Snow Lion Publications. 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4829: 4721:, pp. 200–201. Yale University Press. 4708:, pp. 196–200. Yale University Press. 4545:, pp. 140–141. Yale University Press. 4455:, pp. 122–123. Yale University Press. 4447: 4445: 4308: 4306: 4151: 4130: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4005: 4003: 3997:, pp. 104–105. Yale University Press. 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3217:The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra 2884:The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra 2766:Reasoning and meditating on emptiness 2735:for the sake of all sentient beings ( 2668:, "exchanging ourselves and others", 1416:Tsongkhapa and his disciples founded 288: 10142:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet 5675: 5535: 5449: 4865:Dalai Lama Story Page – USATODAY.com 4806: 4332: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3417:Tsongkhapa founded the monastery of 2921:and insight into emptiness (through 1768:tulku line, who traditionally rules 5433: 5381: 5352: 5308:, pp. 11–12, 14. Simon and Schuster 5280: 5047: 4942: 4930:Matthew Smith (22 September 2020). 4876:Canada Tibet Committee|Newsroom|WTN 4592:pp. xi–xii. Snow Lion Publications. 4579:, Introduction. Simon and Schuster. 4212:also Sonam Choephel or Sonam Rabten 4106: 4093: 3933: 3896: 3836: 3683: 3581:Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso 3534:The successive incarnations of the 3237:The Praise of Dependent Origination 2988:The Gelug tradition also maintains 2731:Generating the intention to attain 2516:The schema of the three motivations 2400:Great Exposition of the Graded Path 2029:Dharma heirs of the Nyingma master 1997: 27:Dominant school of Tibetan Buddhism 24: 10120:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) 10075:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) 9787: 9714: 9403: 8663:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 6170:Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche 5636:The Dalai Lama's Namgyal Monastery 5544: 5396: 4992: 4768:Part Five, The Old Togen, note 121 4766:The Dalai Lama and the King Demon, 4479:Love Songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama 4442: 4303: 4024: 4000: 3967: 3519:) or by a specific clan (like the 3505:Thubten Nyima Lungtok Tenzin Norbu 3313: 1810:(1635–1723) as the first official 815:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction 25: 10988: 10157:Protests and uprisings since 1950 10147:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 9617: 5624: 5475:, p. 480. Snow Lion Publications. 5462:, p. 479. Snow Lion Publications. 5446:, p. 478. Snow Lion Publications. 5248:, p. 490. Snow Lion Publications. 5200:, p. 483. Snow Lion Publications. 5062:, p. 482. Snow Lion Publications. 5026:, p. 484. Snow Lion Publications. 4989:, p. 481. Snow Lion Publications. 4695:, p. xiv. Shambhala Publications. 4577:Beautiful Adornment of Mount Meru 4396:"China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama" 3833:, p. 469. Snow Lion Publications. 3789:, p. 467. Snow Lion Publications. 3721: 3515:(reincarnation lineages like the 2560:taking refuge in the three jewels 2343:the revival of Mongolian Buddhism 1687:. According to Tibetan historian 1622:. He also worked against certain 10265:70,000 Character Petition (1962) 10255:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951) 9533: 9344: 9334: 9333: 8891:Thai temple art and architecture 8636:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6876:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 6742: 6729: 6719: 6295:Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama 6230:Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche 5506: 5492: 5478: 5473:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5465: 5460:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5444:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5424: 5415: 5376:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5368: 5246:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5233:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5198:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5172:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5158:The Three Principles of the Path 5135:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5103:Introduction to the Graded Path. 5060:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5024:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 4987:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 4468:, p. 128. Yale University Press. 4316:, p. 133. Yale University Press. 4300:, p. 119. Yale University Press. 4077:, p. 107. Yale University Press. 4062:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3982:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3930:, p. 109. Yale University Press. 3831:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3787:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3607: 3593: 3322:Monks debating in Sera monastery 2712:The Three Principles of the Path 2652:), and the cultivation of love ( 2456:A Lamp for the Path to Awakening 1362:The Gelug school was founded by 440: 86: 10240:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) 9391: 6743: 5343: 5324: 5311: 5298: 5289: 5267: 5251: 5238: 5225: 5216: 5203: 5190: 5177: 5164: 5149: 5140: 5127: 5109: 5091: 5078: 5065: 5038: 5029: 5016: 4979: 4966: 4923: 4903:Regina A. Corso (29 May 2013). 4896: 4850: 4830:Foley, Ryan J. (May 14, 2010). 4823: 4807:Koch, Christof (July 1, 2013). 4800: 4775: 4758: 4745: 4724: 4711: 4698: 4685: 4661: 4648: 4632: 4619: 4595: 4582: 4569: 4548: 4535: 4514: 4501: 4488: 4471: 4458: 4421: 4408: 4357: 4319: 4290: 4270: 4229: 4215: 4206: 4177: 4157: 4080: 4067: 4054: 3987: 3920: 3887: 3874: 3865: 3848: 3459:. Notable Gelug monasteries in 3385:Monasteries and lineage holders 3231:Drnng-nges legs-bshad snying-po 2998:Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama 2311:, is the founder and abbess of 1436: 179:established by Tsongkhapa. The 10495:Patron and priest relationship 10461:Central Tibetan Administration 10270:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy 8881:Japanese Buddhist architecture 8683:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 7763:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6954:Places where the Buddha stayed 6175:Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö 5641:Dictionary definition of Geluk 5213:p. x. Oxford University Press. 4116:p. 31. Shambhala Publications. 4103:p. 30. Shambhala Publications. 3823: 3810: 3801: 3792: 3779: 3766: 3752: 3739: 3425:was founded by Jamyang Choje, 3412: 3326:According to Georges Dreyfus, 3251:gSang-'dus rim-lnga gsal-sgron 3002:Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama 2436:Panchen Losang Chökyi Gyaltsen 2075:PRC era, diaspora and the West 1790:Lamp re-illuminating Mahamudra 334: 316: 152:, Dulzin Drakpa Gyaltsen, and 30:For the river in Romania, see 13: 1: 10860:Historical and cultural sites 10225:Convention of Calcutta (1890) 9746:11th Panchen Lama controversy 8896:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 6250:Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama 4364:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2007). 3709: 2994:Lozang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama 2605:), meditative stabilization ( 2071:) opposed this sectarianism. 1357: 10200:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684) 9719:Khedrup Je, 1st Panchen Lama 8653:Buddhism and the Roman world 8629:Decline of Buddhism in India 8624:History of Buddhism in India 6724: Topics in 5365:pp. 1–5. Simon and Schuster. 5321:, p. 12. Simon and Schuster. 5277:, pp. 98. Simon and Schuster 5075:pp. 2–5. Simon and Schuster. 4976:. Columbia University Press. 4606:Introducing Tibetan Buddhism 4236:Waddell, L. Austine (1895). 4167:, p. 144. Grove Press, N.Y. 3774:The Origin of the Yellow Hat 3714: 3047:Tantra, and the practice of 3035:According to David Gonsalez: 2886:. This is combined with the 2805:philosophy of Nagarjuna and 2545:) and desire to seek a good 2422:Other related works include 2364: 2215:Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche 1902:a series of verses on tenets 1612:main religion of the Mongols 366:Gélǔ Pài / Huáng Jiào / Xīn 214: 7: 10972:Schools of Tibetan Buddhism 10220:Treaty of Thapathali (1856) 10110:British expedition to Tibet 10100:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856) 10070:Battle of the Salween River 9408:Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama 7851:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 7591: 4932:"World's most admired 2020" 4764:Bultrini, Raimondo (2013). 4090:p. 136. Simon and Schuster. 3586: 2158:, and the dialogue between 1739:Great Perfection (Dzogchen) 1642:The rule of the Great Fifth 761: 10: 10993: 10593:Postage and postal history 10045:Tibetan attack on Songzhou 8801:The unanswerable questions 5567: 5257:Arnold, Edward A. (2021). 4658:p. 12. Simon and Schuster. 4427:Wallace, Vesna A. (2015). 3884:. Routledge 2002, page 10. 3479:Administration and lineage 3463:include Lithang, Bathang, 3421:in 1409 as his main seat. 2339:9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu 2332:People's Republic of China 2086:with the 14th Dalai Lama, 1912:Precious Garland of Tenets 1908:Great Exposition on Tenets 1457:, and the First Dalai Lama 414: 29: 10923: 10779: 10622: 10615: 10588: 10579: 10545: 10448: 10439: 10398: 10296: 10292: 10283: 10192: 10055:Mongol invasions of Tibet 10035: 9839: 9808: 9799: 9726: 9712: 9627: 9542: 9531: 9413: 9401: 9329: 9281: 9196: 9111: 8886:Buddhist temples in Korea 8809: 8711: 8594: 8291: 8219: 8046: 7919: 7859: 7494: 7449:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 7360: 7352:Three planes of existence 7300: 7145: 7037: 6967: 6959:Buddha in world religions 6821: 6766: 6738: 6620: 6539: 6483: 6447: 6290:Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo 6077: 6051: 6025: 5994: 5943: 5936: 5873: 5792: 5741: 5685: 5608:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 5116:Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche 5013:" Shambhala Publications. 4554:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 4520:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 4483:Academia Sinica Monograph 4329:p. 1. Simon and Schuster. 2863:Vajrayāna (Secret Mantra) 2847: 2834:According to John Powers: 2811:interpreted by Tsongkhapa 2666:seven point mind training 2574:the ten wholesome actions 2506:Kadam Emanation Scripture 2057:Dorje Shugden controversy 2014:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol 2007:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol 1786:Highway of the Conquerors 360: 353: 348: 344: 326: 308: 300: 279: 269: 259: 254: 250: 240: 234: 226: 221: 10453:Tibet Autonomous Region 10215:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 10167:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 8668:Persecution of Buddhists 7889:Four stages of awakening 7270:Three marks of existence 6856:Physical characteristics 6165:Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche 6160:Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche 5855:Tibetan tantric practice 5581:, Shambhala Publications 4972:Willock, Nicole (2021). 4654:Pettit, John W. (2013). 4509:The Dalai Lamas of Tibet 4086:Pettit, John W. (2013). 3676: 3495:. These were the first " 3155:‘Compendium of Pramana’, 3064: 2817:with the metaphysics of 2459:as well on the works of 2053:Pabongkha Déchen Nyingpo 1900:Roar of the Five-Faced , 1898:(1648– 1721), who wrote 1814:, the spiritual leader ( 1788:and its auto-commentary 1776:region from his base at 1453:Gendun Drup, founder of 844:Practices and attainment 832:Pointing-out instruction 743:Three marks of existence 310:Traditional Chinese 175:school, after the first 10560:TAR People's Government 10520:Serfs' Emancipation Day 10060:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 9647:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen 8031:Ten principal disciples 6914:(aunt, adoptive mother) 6390:Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche 6360:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche 6260:Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche 6205:Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo 6150:Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen 5591:McKay, A., ed. (2003), 5009:in "Tsong-Kha-Pa (2015) 4717:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4704:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4691:Kunzang Pelden (2010). 4541:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4494:Paul D. Williams (2005) 4464:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4451:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4312:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4296:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4073:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4039:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 4009:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 3993:Sam van Schaik (2011). 3952:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 3926:Sam van Schaik (2011). 3649:List of rulers of Tibet 2565:ethical self-discipline 2432:Essence of Refined Gold 2096:Mind and Life Institute 2067:Dzogchen and the deity 1921:(1717–1786), who wrote 1758:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen 1389:A great admirer of the 328:Simplified Chinese 10230:Treaty of Lhasa (1904) 10184:Special Frontier Force 9720: 9642:Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup 9409: 8741:Buddhism and democracy 8254:Tibetan Buddhist canon 8249:Chinese Buddhist canon 7481:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 7476:Early Buddhist schools 6265:Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa 6215:Karma Thinley Rinpoche 6110:Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche 4870:3 October 2012 at the 4730:Kay, David N. (2004). 4669:"Minyak Kunzang Sonam" 4485:, Series A, No.5, 1930 4240:. London. p. 63. 4163:Laird, Thomas (2006). 3732:Kay, David N. (2007). 3550:Jebtsundamba Khutuktus 3541:The succession of the 3488: 3431:Tashi Lhunpo Monastery 3409: 3397: 3374: 3340: 3323: 3289:Panchen Sonam Dragpa's 3086: 3062: 3021: 2963: 2875: 2841: 2552:contemplation of death 2385: 2189:in France and as well 2103: 2036:During the era of the 2009: 1968:comparative philosophy 1945:Tibetan Buddhist canon 1923:Presentation of Tenets 1803: 1784:(mainly his root text 1672: 1662: 1630:and blood sacrifices. 1572: 1568:The third Dalai Lama, 1475:Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen 1458: 1446: 1213:Tibetan Buddhist canon 77: 58: 57:of the Gelug tradition 10603:Qinghai–Tibet railway 10598:Qinghai-Tibet Highway 10565:TAR People's Congress 10537:India–Tibet relations 10510:Independence movement 10162:1959 Tibetan uprising 10050:Battle of Dafei River 9898:Era of Fragmentation 9739:Tashilhunpo Monastery 9732:List of Panchen Lamas 9718: 9632:Khedrup Gelek Pelzang 9555:Gelug Yellow Hat sect 9407: 8751:Eight Consciousnesses 6861:Life of Buddha in art 6612:Tashilhunpo Monastery 6415:Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 6410:Tsele Natsok Rangdröl 6385:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche 6130:Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche 6017:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa 5835:Preparatory practices 5514:"Loselingmonastery -" 4811:. Scientific American 4755:. Simon and Schuster. 4751:Natanya, Eva (2018). 4673:The Treasury of Lives 4511:, p. 101. New Delhi. 4343:. BRILL. p. 17. 4060:Powers, John (2007), 3980:Powers, John (2007), 3486: 3443:, in Xiahe County in 3403: 3392: 3369: 3328: 3321: 3140:): which is based on 3099:Monastic discipline ( 3090:Main topics and texts 3080: 3037: 3019: 2958: 2870: 2836: 2694:The highest scope of 2627:dependent origination 2453:(c. 11th century) in 2372: 2183:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche 2177:, founded in 1975 by 2112:1959 Tibetan uprising 2100:contemplative science 2082: 2005: 1842:17 and 18th centuries 1812:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 1798: 1778:Tashilhunpo Monastery 1668: 1649: 1567: 1503:Tibetan cultural area 1471:Khedrup Gelek Palsang 1455:Tashilhunpo Monastery 1452: 1444: 1411:Buddhist epistemology 788:Dependent origination 64: 40: 10911:Traditional medicine 10125:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil 9946:Relations with Ming 9916:Relations with Song 9888:Relations with Tang 9826:European exploration 9688:Gedhun Choekyi Nyima 9672:Thubten Chökyi Nyima 9657:Lobsang Palden Yeshe 9228:East Asian religions 8658:Buddhism in the West 8229:Early Buddhist texts 7844:Four Right Exertions 7310:Ten spiritual realms 6803:Noble Eightfold Path 6577:Namdroling Monastery 6320:Second Beru Khyentse 6305:Rechung Dorje Drakpa 6190:Gorampa Sonam Sengye 5793:Individual practices 5471:Powers, John (2007) 5458:Powers, John (2007) 5442:Powers, John (2007) 5374:Powers, John (2007) 5244:Powers, John (2007) 5231:Powers, John (2007) 5196:Powers, John (2007) 5170:Powers, John (2007) 5133:Powers, John (2007) 5058:Powers, John (2007) 5022:Powers, John (2007) 5005:Ruegg, D.. Seyfort, 4985:Powers, John (2007) 3829:Powers, John (2007) 3816:Tsong khapa (2006). 3785:Powers, John (2007) 3666:Ushnishasitatapattra 2926:yogas of Vajrayana. 2892:Anuttarayoga Tantras 2528:and are filled with 2478:The presentation of 2227:university education 2160:Buddhism and science 2122:fled the country to 2084:Rajesh Kasturirangan 1972:comparative religion 1933:Changkya Rölpé Dorjé 1919:Changkya Rölpé Dorjé 1832:Erdene Zuu Monastery 1751:The Mirror of Beryl, 1397:(mind training) and 1287:History and overview 686:Samding Dorje Phagmo 551:Second dissemination 125:. It was founded by 10555:Regional Government 10532:CIA Tibetan program 10515:Serfdom controversy 10399:Traditional regions 10250:Simla Accord (1914) 10172:2008 Tibetan unrest 9996:List of Qing ambans 9941:Phagmodrupa dynasty 9662:Palden Tenpai Nyima 9548:List of Dalai Lamas 9351:Religion portal 9098:Temple of the Tooth 8977:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 8016:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 7509:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 7292:Two truths doctrine 7112:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6912:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6002:Khön Könchok Gyalpo 5874:Institutional roles 5595:, RoutledgeCurzon, 5545:Berzin, Alexander. 5397:Berzin, Alexander. 4838:on October 11, 2019 4629:Simon and Schuster. 3798:Mullin 2001, p.367. 3623:Schools of Buddhism 3557:Changkya Khutukhtus 3523:school, led by the 3012:Unique Oral lineage 2967:Six Yogas of Naropa 2888:tantric deity yogas 2742:the awakening mind) 2706:Three main elements 2389:Steps of the path ( 2274:Donald S. Lopez Jr. 2239:Geshe Thupten Jinpa 2231:published academics 2156:interfaith dialogue 2116:Cultural Revolution 1994:religious systems. 1890:) genre (a form of 1486:, Segyü, Gyümé and 1074:Institutional roles 513:First dissemination 66:The 14th Dalai Lama 41:An illustration of 10869:(ceremonial scarf) 10840:Dzong architecture 10657:Imperial Preceptor 10527:Sovereignty debate 10473:Etymology of Tibet 10085:Lhasa riot of 1750 10080:Jinchuan campaigns 10065:Battle of Dartsedo 9983:Qing dynasty rule 9926:Yuan dynasty rule 9900:(9th–13th century) 9721: 9410: 9273:Western philosophy 8871:Dzong architecture 8693:Vipassana movement 8688:Buddhist modernism 8116:Emperor Wen of Sui 7884:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7817:Threefold Training 7619:Vipassana movement 7335:Hungry Ghost realm 7155:Avidyā (Ignorance) 7102:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6851:Great Renunciation 6846:Eight Great Events 6728: 6557:Dzongsar Monastery 6552:Dzogchen Monastery 5336:2010-04-19 at the 4881:2012-03-02 at the 4222:Samten G. Karmay, 3772:Alexander Berzin, 3699:2013-11-03 at the 3489: 3435:Gyalwa Gendün Drup 3410: 3398: 3367:also writes that: 3324: 3303:and Ratö colleges, 3241:rTen-'brel bstodpa 3150:, a Commentary on 3087: 3081:Monks debating at 3022: 3000:( 1876–1933), and 2979:first Panchen Lama 2950:Guhyasamāja tantra 2942:Guhyasamāja tantra 2876: 2745:The correct view ( 2698:culminates in the 2658:) and compassion ( 2619:six root delusions 2504:also known as the 2386: 2278:Guy Martin Newland 2104: 2010: 1804: 1743:Desi Sangye Gyatso 1673: 1663: 1626:practices such as 1573: 1459: 1447: 1265:Tree of physiology 805:Four Tenets system 407:school founded by 161:bKa’-gdams gsar-pa 78: 59: 10954: 10953: 10919: 10918: 10611: 10610: 10575: 10574: 10478:Foreign relations 10435: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10279: 10278: 10135:Qinghai–Tibet War 10105:Sikkim expedition 10095:Dogra–Tibetan War 10090:Sino-Nepalese War 10025:political leaders 10003:Post-Qing to 1950 9956:Rinpungpa dynasty 9867:(7th–9th century) 9755: 9754: 9585: 9584: 9359: 9358: 8997:Om mani padme hum 8703:Women in Buddhism 8619:Buddhist councils 8489:Western countries 8277:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 8038:Shaolin Monastery 7615:Samatha-vipassanā 7225:Pratītyasamutpāda 7029:Metteyya/Maitreya 6947: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6915: 6907: 6899: 6776:Four Noble Truths 6686: 6685: 6607:Shechen Monastery 6567:Jokhang Monastery 6547:Drepung Monastery 6443: 6442: 6400:Trulshik Rinpoche 6300:Ratna Vajra Sakya 6220:Khamtrul Rinpoche 6120:Chetsang Rinpoche 6095:Anagarika Govinda 6043:Thang Tong Gyalpo 5860:Transfer of merit 5551:studybuddhism.com 5518:Loselingmonastery 5403:studybuddhism.com 5105:studybuddhism.com 5098:Berzin, Alexander 4614:978-0-415-45664-7 4437:978-0-19-995866-5 4381:978-0-520-24941-7 4350:978-90-04-25455-8 4173:978-0-8021-1827-1 4049:978-1-61180-646-5 4019:978-1-61180-646-5 3962:978-1-61180-646-5 3909:Sparham, Gareth, 3745:Schaik, Sam van. 3736:p. 39. Routledge. 3690:Georges Dreyfus, 3501:dGa’-ldan khri-pa 3441:Labrang Monastery 3423:Drepung Monastery 3257:The Golden Rosary 3192:Abhisamayalankara 3078: 2880:tantric practices 2416:Lam rim chung ngu 2412:Small Graded Path 2282:Nicholas Vreeland 2187:Nalanda monastery 2171:Western Buddhism. 2132:Namgyal Monastery 1980:Chinese religions 1828:Tövkhön Monastery 1714:China, built the 1355: 1354: 1317:Index of articles 933:Major monasteries 891:Tantra techniques 810:Rangtong-Shentong 718:10th Panchen Lama 507:Key personalities 378: 377: 374: 373: 355:Standard Mandarin 296: 295: 201:Yellow Hat school 16:(Redirected from 10984: 10939: 10932: 10870: 10647:Tibetan Buddhism 10620: 10619: 10586: 10585: 10456: 10446: 10445: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10152:Battle of Chamdo 10130:Sino-Tibetan War 9986: 9949: 9929: 9919: 9901: 9891: 9878:List of emperors 9868: 9850: 9831:Historical money 9806: 9805: 9782: 9775: 9768: 9759: 9758: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9707: 9696: 9621: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9589: 9588: 9577: 9570: 9563: 9556: 9549: 9537: 9526: 9518: 9510: 9502: 9494: 9486: 9478: 9470: 9462: 9454: 9446: 9438: 9430: 9422: 9395: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9363: 9362: 9349: 9348: 9337: 9336: 9176:Sacred languages 9024:Maya Devi Temple 8987:Mahabodhi Temple 8791:Secular Buddhism 8756:Engaged Buddhism 7596: 7444:Tibetan Buddhism 7395:Vietnamese Thiền 6994:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6945: 6937: 6929: 6921: 6913: 6905: 6897: 6746: 6745: 6733: 6723: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6690: 6689: 6643:Himachal Pradesh 6582:Palyul Monastery 6572:Kathok Monastery 6562:Ganden Monastery 6405:Tsangnyön Heruka 6395:Trijang Rinpoche 6375:Thrangu Rinpoche 6365:Tenzin Ösel Hita 6235:Lama Jampa Thaye 6225:Khandro Rinpoche 6140:Dezhung Rinpoche 6115:Chatral Rinpoche 5941: 5940: 5742:Practice systems 5679: 5678:Tibetan Buddhism 5670: 5663: 5656: 5647: 5646: 5605: 5593:History of Tibet 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5520:. Archived from 5510: 5504: 5503: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5447: 5440: 5431: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5394: 5379: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5328: 5322: 5315: 5309: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5278: 5271: 5265: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5201: 5194: 5188: 5181: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5131: 5125: 5113: 5107: 5095: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5069: 5063: 5056: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5020: 5014: 5003: 4990: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4900: 4894: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4785:. Archived from 4779: 4773: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4728: 4722: 4719:Tibet: A History 4715: 4709: 4706:Tibet: A History 4702: 4696: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4665: 4659: 4652: 4646: 4638:Rachel H. Pang, 4636: 4630: 4623: 4617: 4602:Samuel, Geoffrey 4599: 4593: 4586: 4580: 4573: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4543:Tibet: A History 4539: 4533: 4518: 4512: 4505: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4475: 4469: 4466:Tibet: A History 4462: 4456: 4453:Tibet: A History 4449: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4314:Tibet: A History 4310: 4301: 4298:Tibet: A History 4294: 4288: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4261: 4253: 4233: 4227: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4204: 4181: 4175: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4134: 4128: 4117: 4110: 4104: 4097: 4091: 4084: 4078: 4075:Tibet: A History 4071: 4065: 4058: 4052: 4037: 4022: 4007: 3998: 3995:Tibet: A History 3991: 3985: 3978: 3965: 3950: 3931: 3928:Tibet: A History 3924: 3918: 3907: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3880:Jinpa, Thupten. 3878: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3834: 3827: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3750: 3747:Tibet: A History 3743: 3737: 3730: 3703: 3687: 3671:Yellow shamanism 3644:History of Tibet 3628:Tibetan Buddhism 3617: 3612: 3611: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3569:Reting Rinpoches 3563:Tatsag Rinpoches 3493:Ganden Monastery 3394:Ganden monastery 3309: 3282: 3221:sNgag-rim chenmo 3173:Madhyamakāvatāra 3079: 2674:bodhisattva vows 2566: 2486:in Tsongkhapa's 2276:, José Cabezón, 2254:Alexander Berzin 2223:Dhardo Rinpoche. 2191:Maitripa College 2140:Ithaca, New York 2128:Tibetan diaspora 2092:Richard Davidson 2051:(1903–1951) and 2042:9th Panchen Lama 1998:The 19th century 1976:Chinese Buddhism 1941:Qianlong Emperor 1927:Great Exposition 1866:(r. 1661–1722). 1848:Sixth Dalai Lama 1824:Shankh Monastery 1747:Tibetan medicine 1677:Tibetan Buddhism 1628:animal sacrifice 1529:(traced back to 1492:woodblock prints 1480:First Dalai Lama 1418:Ganden monastery 1347: 1340: 1333: 1270:Festival thangka 764: 737:General Buddhist 444: 434: 433:Tibetan Buddhism 419: 418: 392:associated with 346: 345: 340: 339: 338: 322: 321: 320: 292: 290:[ˈɡèluʔ] 252: 251: 246: 245: 219: 218: 123:Tibetan Buddhism 120: 112: 111: 108: 107: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 21: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10957: 10956: 10955: 10950: 10942: 10935: 10928: 10915: 10868: 10775: 10607: 10571: 10541: 10454: 10427: 10394: 10371:Tibetan Plateau 10366:Rongbuk Glacier 10352:Yarlung Tsangpo 10275: 10188: 10115:Batang uprising 10037: 10031: 9984: 9978:Khoshut Khanate 9966:Ganden Phodrang 9961:Tsangpa dynasty 9947: 9927: 9917: 9899: 9889: 9866: 9860:Yarlung dynasty 9848: 9835: 9795: 9786: 9756: 9751: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9722: 9710: 9701: 9699:Gyaincain Norbu 9690: 9667:Tenpai Wangchuk 9623: 9619: 9616: 9586: 9581: 9575: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9547: 9538: 9529: 9524: 9516: 9508: 9500: 9492: 9484: 9476: 9468: 9460: 9452: 9444: 9436: 9428: 9420: 9411: 9397: 9393: 9390: 9360: 9355: 9343: 9325: 9277: 9192: 9107: 8844:Ordination hall 8805: 8707: 8678:Buddhist crisis 8590: 8287: 8239:Mahayana sutras 8215: 8211:Thích Nhất Hạnh 8042: 7915: 7855: 7805:Bodhisattva vow 7490: 7356: 7296: 7255:Taṇhā (Craving) 7190:Five hindrances 7141: 7033: 6963: 6817: 6762: 6734: 6717: 6687: 6682: 6616: 6597:Sanga Monastery 6592:Sakya Monastery 6535: 6479: 6439: 6330:Sogyal Rinpoche 6310:Reting Rinpoche 6200:Jamgon Kongtrul 6195:Gyalwang Drukpa 6125:Chögyam Trungpa 6073: 6047: 6021: 5990: 5986:Dudjom Rinpoche 5971:Patrul Rinpoche 5932: 5869: 5788: 5737: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5627: 5603: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5555: 5553: 5543: 5536: 5527: 5525: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5470: 5466: 5457: 5450: 5441: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5407: 5405: 5395: 5382: 5373: 5369: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5338:Wayback Machine 5329: 5325: 5316: 5312: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5285: 5281: 5272: 5268: 5256: 5252: 5243: 5239: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5208: 5204: 5195: 5191: 5182: 5178: 5169: 5165: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5132: 5128: 5114: 5110: 5096: 5092: 5083: 5079: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5021: 5017: 5004: 4993: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4967: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4911:on 5 April 2015 4901: 4897: 4883:Wayback Machine 4872:Wayback Machine 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4828: 4824: 4814: 4812: 4805: 4801: 4792: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4763: 4759: 4750: 4746: 4729: 4725: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4686: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4653: 4649: 4637: 4633: 4624: 4620: 4600: 4596: 4587: 4583: 4574: 4570: 4553: 4549: 4540: 4536: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4489: 4477:Yu Dawchyuan, " 4476: 4472: 4463: 4459: 4450: 4443: 4426: 4422: 4413: 4409: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4337: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4311: 4304: 4295: 4291: 4275: 4271: 4255: 4254: 4234: 4230: 4224:The Great Fifth 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4182: 4178: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4137: 4129: 4120: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4081: 4072: 4068: 4059: 4055: 4038: 4025: 4008: 4001: 3992: 3988: 3979: 3968: 3951: 3934: 3925: 3921: 3908: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3828: 3824: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3784: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3753: 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Mullin 2270:Jeffrey Hopkins 2258:B. Alan Wallace 2211:Choden Rinpoche 2195:Ngawang Wangyal 2147:14th Dalai Lama 2126:as part of the 2120:14th Dalai Lama 2077: 2038:13th Dalai Lama 2031:Patrul Rinpoche 2000: 1957:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 1844: 1728:Ganden Phodrang 1655:Shunzhi Emperor 1644: 1562: 1496:jé yapsé ungbum 1439: 1360: 1351: 1322: 1321: 1288: 1280: 1279: 1240: 1230: 1229: 1220:Mahayana sutras 1196: 1186: 1185: 1141: 1131: 1130: 1075: 1067: 1066: 935: 925: 924: 845: 837: 836: 733: 723: 722: 713:14th Dalai Lama 708:13th Dalai Lama 692: 681: 663: 645: 627: 610:Patrul Rinpoche 552: 514: 509: 499: 498: 454: 432: 417: 394:Maitreya Buddha 336:格鲁派 / 黄教 / 新噶当派 332: 318:格魯派 / 黃教 / 新噶當派 314: 241: 217: 129:(1357–1419), a 89: 85: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10990: 10980: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10948: 10941: 10940: 10933: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10897: 10896: 10891: 10884: 10872: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10818:wall paintings 10815: 10810: 10803: 10796: 10785: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10749:Tibetan people 10746: 10744:Social classes 10741: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10708: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10691: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10644: 10634: 10629: 10623: 10617: 10613: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10557: 10551: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10523: 10522: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10491: 10490: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10469: 10468: 10458: 10449: 10443: 10437: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10413: 10408: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10392: 10387: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10381:Nature Reserve 10368: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10360: 10359: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10297: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10041: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10020:PRC annexation 10012: 10011: 10010: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9980: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9952: 9951: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9913: 9908: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9821:List of rulers 9818: 9812: 9810: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9785: 9784: 9777: 9770: 9762: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9749: 9742: 9735: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9637:Sönam Choklang 9634: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9615: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9592: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9579: 9572: 9565: 9562:Ganden Podrang 9558: 9551: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9525:(1935–present) 9519: 9511: 9503: 9495: 9487: 9479: 9471: 9463: 9455: 9447: 9439: 9431: 9423: 9414: 9412: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9389: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9341: 9330: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9287: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9218: 9208: 9202: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9011: 9006: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8911: 8910: 8908:Greco-Buddhist 8900: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8862: 8861: 8859:Burmese pagoda 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8815: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8649: 8648: 8641:Greco-Buddhism 8638: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8574:United Kingdom 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8519:Czech Republic 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8398: 8393: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8283:Abhidharmadīpa 8280: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8225: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8201:B. R. Ambedkar 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8121:Songtsen Gampo 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7925: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7800:Eight precepts 7797: 7787: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7679: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7588: 7578: 7573: 7571:Five Strengths 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7210:Mental factors 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7151: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7062:Mahamoggallāna 7059: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6977:Avalokiteśvara 6973: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6925: 6917: 6909: 6901: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6602:Sera Monastery 6599: 6594: 6589: 6587:Ramoche Temple 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6485: 6484:Ritual objects 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6350:Tenga Rinpoche 6347: 6345:Tarthang Tulku 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6285:Penor Rinpoche 6282: 6277: 6272: 6270:Orgyen Tobgyal 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6145:Dilgo Khyentse 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6100:Arija Rinpoche 6097: 6092: 6090:Akong Rinpoche 6087: 6085:Trisong Detsen 6081: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:The Dalai Lama 5626: 5625:External links 5623: 5622: 5621: 5606: 5601: 5588: 5582: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5534: 5505: 5502:. 8 July 2024. 5491: 5477: 5464: 5448: 5432: 5423: 5414: 5380: 5367: 5351: 5342: 5323: 5310: 5297: 5288: 5279: 5266: 5250: 5237: 5224: 5215: 5202: 5189: 5176: 5163: 5148: 5139: 5126: 5108: 5090: 5077: 5064: 5046: 5037: 5028: 5015: 4991: 4978: 4965: 4954:Sravasti Abbey 4941: 4922: 4895: 4849: 4822: 4799: 4774: 4757: 4744: 4723: 4710: 4697: 4684: 4660: 4647: 4631: 4618: 4594: 4581: 4568: 4547: 4534: 4513: 4500: 4487: 4470: 4457: 4441: 4420: 4407: 4387: 4380: 4356: 4349: 4331: 4318: 4302: 4289: 4269: 4228: 4214: 4205: 4176: 4156: 4135: 4118: 4105: 4092: 4079: 4066: 4053: 4023: 3999: 3986: 3966: 3932: 3919: 3895: 3886: 3873: 3864: 3847: 3835: 3822: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3778: 3765: 3751: 3738: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3619: 3618: 3604: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3480: 3477: 3445:Gansu province 3427:Sera Monastery 3414: 3411: 3406:Sera Monastery 3386: 3383: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3304: 3286: 3283: 3265: 3264: 3254: 3244: 3234: 3224: 3214: 3197: 3196: 3180:Prajnaparamita 3177: 3157: 3127: 3112: 3091: 3088: 3083:Sera monastery 3066: 3063: 3013: 3010: 2864: 2861: 2849: 2846: 2782:Lamrim chenmo, 2773:prajñaparamita 2767: 2764: 2759: 2758: 2743: 2729: 2707: 2704: 2692: 2691: 2636: 2577: 2517: 2514: 2428:3rd Dalai Lama 2394: 2387: 2373:Gelug Lineage 2366: 2363: 2313:Sravasti Abbey 2294:Gareth Sparham 2266:Robina Courtin 2262:Robert Thurman 2247:Sonam Thakchoe 2243:Geshe Gyeltsen 2235:Gelek Rinpoche 2076: 2073: 2049:Gendün Chöphel 1999: 1996: 1959:into Tibetan. 1864:Kangxi Emperor 1856:7th Dalai Lama 1843: 1840: 1820:Soyombo script 1724:Nechung Oracle 1704:5th Dalai Lama 1643: 1640: 1636:4th Dalai Lama 1603:respectively. 1593:3rd Dalai Lama 1561: 1558: 1438: 1435: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1255:Wall paintings 1252: 1247: 1241: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1225:Nyingma Gyubum 1222: 1216: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156:Galdan Namchot 1153: 1148: 1146:Chotrul Duchen 1142: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1116: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1004: 1003: 998: 993: 987: 986: 981: 976: 970: 969: 964: 959: 953: 952: 947: 942: 936: 931: 930: 927: 926: 923: 922: 917: 911: 910: 905: 900: 894: 893: 888: 882: 881: 876: 870: 869: 867:Avalokiteśvara 864: 858: 857: 852: 846: 843: 842: 839: 838: 835: 834: 829: 823: 822: 818: 817: 812: 807: 801: 800: 796: 795: 790: 784: 783: 778: 773: 767: 766: 757: 752: 746: 745: 739: 738: 734: 729: 728: 725: 724: 721: 720: 715: 710: 705: 703:5th Dalai Lama 700: 694: 693: 683: 682: 677: 676: 671: 665: 664: 659: 658: 653: 647: 646: 641: 640: 638:Rangjung Dorje 635: 629: 628: 623: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 586: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 554: 553: 548: 547: 542: 540:Trisong Detsen 537: 535:Songtsen Gampo 532: 527: 522: 516: 515: 510: 505: 504: 501: 500: 497: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 455: 450: 449: 446: 445: 437: 436: 428: 427: 416: 413: 376: 375: 372: 371: 364: 358: 357: 351: 350: 349:Transcriptions 342: 341: 330: 324: 323: 312: 306: 305: 298: 297: 294: 293: 286: 277: 276: 273: 271:Tibetan Pinyin 267: 266: 263: 257: 256: 255:Transcriptions 248: 247: 238: 232: 231: 224: 223: 216: 213: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10989: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10938: 10934: 10931: 10927: 10926: 10922: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10889: 10885: 10883: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10804: 10802: 10801: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10624: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10590: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10544: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10438: 10422: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10388: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10295: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10282: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10191: 10185: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10034: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10017: 10016: 10013: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10004: 10001: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9943: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9930: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9902: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9783: 9778: 9776: 9771: 9769: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9748: 9743: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9729: 9728: 9725: 9717: 9705: 9700: 9694: 9689: 9685: 9684: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9652:Lobsang Yeshe 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9622: 9620:Panchen Lamas 9613: 9608: 9606: 9601: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9578: 9573: 9571: 9569:Potala Palace 9566: 9564: 9559: 9557: 9552: 9550: 9545: 9544: 9541: 9536: 9523: 9520: 9515: 9512: 9507: 9504: 9499: 9496: 9491: 9488: 9483: 9480: 9475: 9472: 9467: 9464: 9459: 9456: 9451: 9448: 9443: 9440: 9435: 9432: 9427: 9426:Gendun Gyatso 9424: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9406: 9400: 9396: 9387: 9382: 9380: 9375: 9373: 9368: 9367: 9364: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9340: 9332: 9331: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9113:Miscellaneous 9110: 9104: 9103:Vegetarianism 9101: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8925:Buddha in art 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8906: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8579:United States 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8136:Padmasambhava 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8048:Major figures 8045: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7994:Western tulku 7992: 7991: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7795:Five precepts 7793: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7773:Dhamma vicaya 7771: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7541:Buddhābhiṣeka 7539: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7290: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185:Enlightenment 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7175:Dhamma theory 7173: 7171: 7170:Buddha-nature 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:Samantabhadra 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6702: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6475:Tibetan canon 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6435:Zong Rinpoche 6433: 6431: 6430:Yudra Nyingpo 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380:Thubten Yeshe 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Thinley Norbu 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6315:Sakya Chokden 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255:Namkhai Norbu 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6245:Marpa Lotsawa 6243: 6241: 6240:Ling Rinpoche 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6210:Kalu Rinpoche 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6155:Drukpa Kunley 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059:Je Tsongkhapa 6057: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6012:Sakya Pandita 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5976:Dudjom Lingpa 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5956:Yeshe Tsogyal 5954: 5952: 5951:Padmasambhava 5949: 5948: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5916:Western tulku 5914: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5671: 5666: 5664: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5619: 5618:1-57416-092-3 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602:0-7007-1508-8 5598: 5594: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5579:1-59030-286-9 5576: 5572: 5571: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5539: 5524:on 2012-08-04 5523: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5501: 5495: 5488:. 9 Jan 2021. 5487: 5481: 5474: 5468: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5427: 5418: 5404: 5400: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5356: 5346: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5307: 5301: 5292: 5283: 5276: 5270: 5263: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5241: 5234: 5228: 5219: 5212: 5206: 5199: 5193: 5186: 5180: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5159: 5152: 5143: 5137:, pp. 485–90. 5136: 5130: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5087: 5081: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5041: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5012: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4988: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4810: 4803: 4789:on 2021-05-17 4788: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4754: 4748: 4741: 4740:0-415-29765-6 4737: 4733: 4727: 4720: 4714: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4688: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4565: 4564:1-57416-092-3 4561: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4538: 4531: 4530:1-57416-092-3 4527: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4498:I. B. Tauris. 4497: 4491: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4402: 4401:The Economist 4397: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4360: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4307: 4299: 4293: 4286: 4285:0-86171-045-2 4282: 4278: 4273: 4265: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4209: 4202: 4201:0-671-20559-5 4198: 4194: 4193:0-671-20099-2 4190: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4154:, p. 19. 4153: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4133:, p. 18. 4132: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4109: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4083: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4004: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3923: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3890: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3861: 3860:0-7914-1835-9 3857: 3851: 3842: 3840: 3832: 3826: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3795: 3788: 3782: 3775: 3769: 3761: 3755: 3748: 3742: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3720: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3605: 3602: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3576: 3575:Ling Rinpoche 3572: 3570: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3407: 3402: 3396:, Tibet, 2013 3395: 3391: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3320: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3111:by Gunaprabha 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3085:, Tibet, 2013 3084: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049:Vajrabhairava 3046: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3018: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2996:(1617–1682), 2995: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2763: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502:Book of Kadam 2499: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Geshe Lhakdor 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201:(who founded 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179:Thubten Yeshe 2176: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088:Thupten Jinpa 2085: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061:Dorje Shugden 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2027: 2026:Rime movement 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:Jamyang Shéba 1893: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716:Potala Palace 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1693:Sonam Chophel 1690: 1689:Samten Karmay 1686: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1670:Potala Palace 1667: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1597:Gendun Gyatso 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1566: 1557: 1556:(1648–1751). 1555: 1554:Jamyang Zhepa 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1526:hagiographies 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507:western Tibet 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1456: 1451: 1443: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1372:Drikung Kagyu 1369: 1365: 1364:Je Tsongkhapa 1348: 1343: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1233: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1125: 1124:Western tulku 1122: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 988: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 971: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 937: 934: 929: 928: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 895: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 880: 877: 875: 872: 871: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 856: 853: 851: 848: 847: 841: 840: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 820: 819: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 798: 797: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 768: 765: 763: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 747: 744: 741: 740: 736: 735: 732: 727: 726: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 698:Je Tsongkhapa 696: 695: 690: 689: 688: 687: 679: 678: 675: 672: 670: 669:Sakya Pandita 667: 666: 661: 660: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 643: 642: 639: 636: 634: 631: 630: 625: 624: 621: 618: 616: 615:Dudjom Lingpa 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 595:Yeshe Tsogyal 593: 592: 588: 587: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 550: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 520:Padmasambhāva 518: 517: 512: 511: 508: 503: 502: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 453: 448: 447: 443: 439: 438: 435: 430: 429: 425: 421: 420: 412: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 369: 365: 363: 359: 356: 352: 347: 343: 337: 331: 329: 325: 319: 313: 311: 307: 303: 299: 291: 287: 285: 282: 278: 274: 272: 268: 264: 262: 258: 253: 249: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 220: 212: 209: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 167:tradition of 166: 162: 157: 155: 154:Gendün Drubpa 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 132: 128: 127:Je Tsongkhapa 124: 116: 110: 83: 75: 71: 67: 63: 56: 52: 48: 44: 43:Je Tsongkhapa 39: 33: 32:Gelug (river) 19: 10886: 10879: 10865: 10813:sand mandala 10805: 10798: 10739:Sinicization 10711:Panchen Lama 10706:Lhamo La-tso 10689:Ganden Tripa 10683: 10483:Human rights 10357:Grand Canyon 10337:Namcha Barwa 10330: / 10008:Tibetan Army 9906:Guge kingdom 9681: 9553: 9291:Bodhisattvas 9211:Christianity 9206:Baháʼí Faith 9071:Dharmachakra 9061:Prayer wheel 9051:Prayer beads 8819:Architecture 8698:969 Movement 8482:Saudi Arabia 8460:Central Asia 8453:South Africa 8275: 8258: 8191:Panchen Lama 8096:Buddhapālita 7692:Satipatthana 7687:Mindful Yoga 7600:Recollection 7514:Brahmavihara 7385:Japanese Zen 7380:Chinese Chan 7340:Animal realm 7147:Key concepts 6969:Bodhisattvas 6781:Three Jewels 6355:Tenzin Palmo 6185:Ganden Tripa 6135:Dampa Sangye 6069:Panchen Lama 6007:Sakya Trizin 5966:Jigme Lingpa 5702: 5609: 5592: 5554:. 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In the 3350:tantras. 3299:Shartse, 3152:Dignaga’s 2971:Mahamudra 2956:remarks: 2923:vipaśyanā 2914:tantras. 2911:Kālacakra 2905:Yamāntaka 2828:vipasyana 2819:Nagarjuna 2780:. In the 2778:emptiness 2700:Vajrayana 2688:vipasyana 2679:paramitas 2614:vipasyana 2484:vipaśyanā 2465:Nagarjuna 2440:Easy Path 2365:Teachings 2317:bhiksunis 2150:promotes 1992:Khotanese 1988:Mongolian 1949:Mongolian 1887:siddhanta 1808:Zanabazar 1782:Mahamudra 1620:Mongolian 1531:Manjushri 1139:Festivals 903:Guru yoga 886:Vajrayana 855:Pāramitās 755:Cosmology 731:Teachings 656:Taranatha 390:Pure land 215:Etymology 203:or sect. 177:monastery 140:yogi and 10977:Rangtong 10946:Category 10830:Calendar 10764:Diaspora 10637:Religion 10441:Politics 10342:Tanggula 10332:Changtse 10036:Wars and 9911:Tsongkha 9873:Timeline 9816:Timeline 9793:articles 9683:Disputed 9490:Tsultrim 9339:Category 9268:Violence 9238:Hinduism 9186:Sanskrit 9141:Hinayana 9126:Amitābha 9086:Swastika 8955:Uposatha 8945:Holidays 8930:Calendar 8776:Humanism 8614:Kanishka 8604:Timeline 8428:Thailand 8396:Kalmykia 8391:Buryatia 8376:Pakistan 8361:Mongolia 8356:Maldives 8351:Malaysia 8316:Cambodia 8181:Shamarpa 8176:Nichiren 8126:Xuanzang 8061:Nagasena 7979:Rinpoche 7709:Pāramitā 7551:Devotion 7471:Navayana 7459:Dzogchen 7422:Nichiren 7370:Mahayana 7362:Branches 7240:Saṅkhāra 6989:Mañjuśrī 6946:(cousin) 6938:(cousin) 6906:(mother) 6898:(father) 6886:Miracles 6836:Birthday 6753:Glossary 6726:Buddhism 6663:Mongolia 6648:Kalmykia 6633:Buryatia 6325:Shamarpa 6033:Milarepa 5901:Rinpoche 5754:Dzogchen 5334:Archived 4879:Archived 4868:Archived 4604:(2012). 4251:country. 3697:Archived 3587:See also 3517:Karmapas 3473:Gyalrong 3457:Mongolia 3134:tshad ma 3026:Mañjuśrī 2990:Dzogchen 2787:shentong 2754:shunyata 2644:Mahāyāna 2632:shunyata 2589:Hinayana 2522:Mahayana 2473:Maitreya 2469:Asanga's 2410:and the 2355:Kalmykia 2351:Buryatia 2305:bhiksuni 2301:American 2114:and the 2018:Dzogchen 1772:and the 1770:Shigatse 1616:Mongolia 1587:leader, 1575:In 1577 1298:Timeline 1166:Dosmoche 1102:Rinpoche 991:Narthang 950:Dzogchen 827:Dzogchen 680:Bodongpa 583:Milarepa 545:Ralpacan 424:a series 422:Part of 197:Mongolia 74:Bodhgaya 51:Gyeltsap 10930:Outline 10894:writers 10835:Cuisine 10800:thangka 10781:Culture 10754:Changpa 10669:Nyingma 10616:Society 10581:Economy 10416:Ü-Tsang 10390:Valleys 10348:Rivers 10323:Kailash 9883:Lönchen 9865:Empire 9801:History 9514:Thubten 9506:Trinley 9498:Khedrup 9482:Lungtok 9474:Jamphel 9466:Kelzang 9316:Temples 9296:Buddhas 9258:Science 9248:Judaism 9243:Jainism 9161:Lineage 9121:Abhijñā 9091:Thangka 9034:Sarnath 9019:Lumbini 8940:Funeral 8935:Cuisine 8811:Culture 8786:Reality 8736:Creator 8726:Atomism 8596:History 8569:Ukraine 8529:Germany 8448:Senegal 8438:Vietnam 8366:Myanmar 8166:Shinran 8156:Karmapa 8131:Shandao 8101:Dignāga 8026:Śrāvaka 8006:Donchee 8001:Kappiya 7959:Sayadaw 7929:Bhikkhu 7904:Anāgāmi 7861:Nirvana 7827:Samadhi 7714:Paritta 7655:Tonglen 7650:Mandala 7605:Smarana 7586:Mantras 7534:Upekkha 7504:Bhavana 7454:Shingon 7407:Tiantai 7260:Tathātā 7250:Śūnyatā 7245:Skandha 7235:Saṃsāra 7230:Rebirth 7205:Kleshas 7195:Indriya 7097:Subhūti 6982:Guanyin 6936:Ānanda 6928:Rāhula 6808:Nirvana 6748:Outline 6521:Thangka 6511:Serkyem 6465:Tengyur 6460:Kangyur 6180:Gampopa 6038:Karmapa 5944:Nyingma 5896:Rigdzin 5845:Sadhana 5815:Mandala 5723:Nyingma 5568:Sources 4195:(hbk); 3465:Sershul 3408:, India 3344:tantric 3293:Drepung 3269:yig-cha 3138:pramana 3101:’dul ba 2937:alone. 2710:In his 2684:samatha 2670:tonglen 2608:samadhi 2585:Sravaka 2547:rebirth 2542:samsara 2510:Dromton 2480:samatha 2406:), the 2391:lam rim 2378:thangka 2321:bhikkus 2065:Nyingma 2022:Nyingma 1939:of the 1735:Nyingma 1659:Beijing 1608:Mongols 1546:Gorampa 1422:Drepung 1384:Rendawa 1380:Nyingma 1310:Culture 1305:Outline 1293:History 1250:Thangka 1206:Tengyur 1201:Kangyur 1181:Losoong 1176:Sho Dun 1097:Karmapa 1057:Tsurphu 1018:Ramoche 1001:Pabonka 996:Nechung 984:Namgyal 974:Labrang 962:Jokhang 945:Drepung 940:Tradruk 915:Thukdam 821:Nyingma 799:Tibetan 771:Rebirth 762:Saṃsāra 750:Skandha 691:Gelugpa 674:Gorampa 651:Dolpopa 589:Nyingma 459:Nyingma 452:Schools 415:History 388:", the 386:Tushita 302:Chinese 236:Tibetan 228:Tibetan 138:tantric 131:Tibetan 113:, also 76:(India) 18:Gelukpa 10881:Annals 10845:Emblem 10807:tsakli 10679:Jonang 10328:Lhotse 10272:(2008) 9971:Kashag 9791: 9522:Tenzin 9450:Lozang 9442:Yonten 9311:Sutras 9306:Suttas 9171:Siddhi 9156:Koliya 9131:Brahmā 9046:Poetry 8992:Mantra 8982:Kasaya 8854:Pagoda 8834:Kyaung 8829:Vihāra 8824:Temple 8766:Ethics 8609:Ashoka 8559:Sweden 8554:Poland 8549:Norway 8539:Mexico 8524:France 8509:Canada 8504:Brazil 8443:Africa 8423:Taiwan 8386:Russia 8311:Bhutan 8271:Vinaya 8151:Naropa 8141:Saraha 8076:Asanga 7832:Prajñā 7741:Refuge 7704:Nianfo 7665:Tertön 7660:Tantra 7645:Ganana 7635:Tukdam 7561:Dhyāna 7529:Mudita 7524:Karuṇā 7417:Risshū 7412:Huayan 7345:Naraka 7285:Anattā 7280:Dukkha 7275:Anicca 7180:Dharma 7132:Channa 7067:Ānanda 7052:Assaji 7019:Skanda 6922:(wife) 6891:Family 6871:Relics 6796:Sangha 6791:Dharma 6786:Buddha 6653:Ladakh 6628:Bhutan 6621:Places 6506:Phurba 6501:Ghanta 6496:Damaru 6455:Gyubum 5981:Mipham 5906:Tertön 5891:Ngakpa 5886:Khenpo 5865:Tukdam 5840:Refuge 5820:Mantra 5769:Lamrim 5764:Lamdre 5713:Jonang 5693:Bodong 5616: 5599: 5577: 4936:YouGov 4738: 4612: 4562: 4528: 4435: 4378: 4347: 4283: 4244: 4203:(pbk). 4199: 4191: 4171: 4047: 4017: 3960: 3858: 3513:tulkus 3469:Dargye 3467:, and 3419:Ganden 3365:Powers 3336:debate 3297:Ganden 3281:Ngagpa 3164:dbu-ma 3105:vinaya 3057:lojong 3053:lamrim 3028:(Tib. 2969:, and 2961:focus. 2855:vinaya 2848:Vinaya 2696:Lamrim 2672:, the 2661:karuṇā 2655:maitrī 2598:duḥkha 2488:Lamrim 2444:de lam 2382:refuge 2341:, led 2328:Maoist 2303:Gelug 2292:, and 2245:, and 2221:, and 2162:. 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