George Hudson - Knowledge

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to build a line from Darlington to south of Durham where existing lines would complete the route through to Gateshead (located on the south side of the steep Tyne Valley). In August a second meeting was held where Hudson suggested the constituent railways should offer shares in the new railway to their existing shareholders. By December 1841 the Newcastle and Darlington Junction railway was formed with Hudson as chairman with work starting in 1842. The years 1843–1847 saw the various constituent railways purchased or merged into the

940: 846: 530: 1265:"He is about five feet six inches in height, of a stout body frame with a short bull-neck, surmounted by a head not conspicuous for intellectuality. His face attracts attention and the expression in his eyes is no peculiar. At first sight one dislikes him…. Notwithstanding the sinister leer of his eye, the ungainly frame and the unharmonious voice, his person however rude exteriorly, is the cover of a fairer mind than was first imagined" 2760: 732:'s terminus at Hunslet Lane, to allow connections to the south. The railway opened on 1 July 1846 and was immediately leased by the Midland Railway at very favourable terms. There was some concern here as Hudson was benefiting from this arrangement which he had initiated. Beaumont suggests it was this transaction that was where concerns started to grow about Hudson's methods. 551:

Whitby and regarded the harbour as promising for development. The route to Scarborough – which Hudson declared would become the "Brighton of the north" – opened on the same day. It is however worth noting that at the meeting where this line was first mooted the Quaker Joseph Rowntree sounded a note of caution about the company accounts which Hudson glossed over.

1200:. Released to see his lawyer Hudson fled the country and the following month the NER case against Hudson was held with him absent. The outcome was that Hudson's debts were reduced to £14,000 plus interest but the NER appealed and it was not until March 1869 that the matter was resolved with the original debt being restored (estimated to be £60,000 by Elliot). 654:" over fares. Hudson convinced the shareholders in a meeting in August 1843 that a merger between the three railways would save £325,000 per year operating costs and yield shareholder dividends of 5%. The merger was agreed in September 1843 despite some opposition from the Midland Counties directors, and Hudson became the 1433:, once found in the basement and currently at the top of the main staircase. The painting has itself survived the years following his fall from grace in remarkable condition, but its frame, bearing a description of his accomplishments and titles has been disfigured, thought to be the work of disgruntled successors. 51: 1161:(NER) and was not popular in Whitby as he had failed to join the town to the national rail network and had overseen the rise of neighbouring Scarborough as Yorkshire's leading seaside resort. Hudson made the most of this in a speech delivered on 19 June in St. Hilda's Hall, Whitby and victory seemed assured. 1246:. He was roundly chastised by those who had blindly believed in his golden prophecies. He ruined investors, disturbed the great centres of industry, and beggared himself in the promotion of his schemes. But he had an honest faith in his schemes, and he succeeded in overcoming the powerful landed interest. 1102:

Hudson – who by this time was in severe financial difficulty – spoke on several issues including a repeal of a timber tax and on a corrupt practices bill. He was re-elected by 54 votes in the election, but with his railway career in decline, and drinking heavily, he presented a rather forlorn figure.

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Conservatives selected Hudson hoping he would help to re-invigorate two failing infrastructure projects – Monkwearmouth Dock and the Durham and Sunderland Railway. Hudson defeated the opposition candidate and was elected to parliament on 14 August 1845. In parliament Hudson – as well as looking after

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Annual General Meeting was on 28 February and Hudson decided not to attend. Vice chair David Waddington faced the wrath of the shareholders (who had received a very small dividend) and promptly blamed the absent Hudson. Another committee of inquiry was set up under William Cash and within a month the

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is now a footpath, named the 'Hudson Way'. There is a street in Tadcaster, North Yorkshire called Hudson Way. The street lies near to the completed but never used railway viaduct over the River Wharfe. Had the railway gone on from the viaduct it would have gone over the land where Hudson Way now is.

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Despite this, in 1849 the railway bridge across the Tyne was opened and the following year Monkwearmouth Dock (Hudson was chairman of the dock company) opened in 1850. In 1852 the YNMR offered to let Hudson settle his outstanding liabilities to them for £50,000, which he rejected. The YNMR directors

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was in severe financial difficulty due to its high construction costs down to George Stephenson's insistence that the ruling gradient should be no more than 1 in 300. As a shareholder Hudson took over the inquiry into the situation and devised a scheme to radically reduce operating costs by reducing

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At this time, of course, each railway was a separate company with its own infrastructure, rolling stock, even stations. This meant that, at each stage of the journey it was necessary to change trains and buy a new ticket. With his powerful influence and financial interest in so many railways, it was

326:, York. He finished his apprenticeship in 1820, was taken on as a tradesman, and given a share in the business early in 1821. On 17 July that year he married Nicholson's daughter Elizabeth. When Bell retired, the firm became Nicholson and Hudson. By 1827 the company was the largest business in York. 293:

Eventually in 1849, a series of enquiries, launched by the railways he was chairman of, exposed his methods, although many leading the enquiries had benefited from and approved of Hudson's methods when it suited them. Hudson fell a long way, becoming bankrupt. After losing his Sunderland seat he was

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In 1871 the NER finally accepted it was not going to get the monies owed and the remaining debt cases were dropped. Hudson was not in good health and was taken ill on 9 December 1871 while visiting York. He returned by train to London and died 5 days later, aged 71. His body was taken by train from

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Hudson had long had business interests in the town with some of the property he inherited from his uncle, Matthew Bottrill, being located there. The building of the railway to the town had led Hudson to form and become the chairman of the Whitby Building Company which developed the West Cliff area

1062:. Funded by Hudson's money, the York Tories eventually gained the balance of power in York, and Hudson became Lord Mayor of York in 1836 and again in 1837. There was some doubt about the lawfulness of this second term, but by the time the matter went to court Hudson's second year as mayor was over. 998:

alleged possible bribery of MPs and another inquiry was started. Hudson addressed parliament on 17 May but the damage was done. However, although Hudson was being scapegoated, others did not always escape. William Cash, who had called for and chaired the ECR enquiry, was revealed by that enquiry to

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as his vice chairman. Hudson was interested in the ECR as he felt it offered an opportunity for an alternative route from York to London although the truth was the ECR had an appalling reputation for time keeping and safety at this time; Hudson immediately ordered the payment of a generous dividend

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from this time. The Durham and Sunderland Railway was absorbed 1 January 1847 and on 1 March the first section of the Newcastle and Berwick line opened with the through route to Tweedmouth opening on 1 July. On 1 August Hudson leased the Newcastle to Carlisle line and in October the Maryport &

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and Lancaster rather than the East Coast although the report stated that "should parties be found to construct the line from Darlington to Edinburgh then the western route ought to be abandoned for the present". In April Hudson called a meeting of the various companies and informed them he intended

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These were heard in 1853; Hudson lost all three, and by winter of that year he had negotiated a settlement of £72,670 to clear all his debts. He had to sell his property at Newby Park and the purchaser Viscount Downe used Hudson's enemy George Leeman to complete his purchase. By 1856 the YNMR debt

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had built a branch (opened 1846) towards Doncaster which joined the GNR at Shaftholme Junction. Practicality won the day and the GNR abandoned their plans for entry into York via a new line and settled for running rights over the other two lines in order that their services could reach York. This

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Hudson had been borrowing money at a high interest rate to keep some of his companies afloat. A payment of £400,000 had to be made in 1849; many of these companies were left in a difficult position with falling revenues, an economic depression and little scope for future shareholder dividends. In

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paid by Hudson's companies were paid out of capital rather than revenue. Hudson was attacked by Midland shareholder and Liverpool shipowner J. H. Brankner in February 1849 over his fight with the GNR. This was then exacerbated by Hudson's agreement with the Great Northern to allow then to use the

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arises when one of them stands to benefit monetarily from the board's decisions – such as buying shares from him. If the director conceals from the rest of the board the fact that the price at which he is selling shares to the company is higher than their value, he has promoted his own financial

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Dividends are a distribution of profits to shareholders. The amount of profit or loss is determined only after servicing debts, since creditors have a claim on the company's assets before shareholders do. If dividends are paid when there is no profit (i.e. out of capital), which is illegal, then

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Following his election as one of the two members of parliament for Sunderland in 1845, Hudson's influence led to his becoming Lord Mayor of York for a third time. One of his ambitions, to build a bridge to link the railway with Lendal in York was high on his agenda. However his attempts to raise

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One quote often attributed (incorrectly) to George Hudson was that he would make all railways come to York. Whereas there is no doubt he was instrumental in the fact that many railways did come to York he opposed the Great Northern's attempt to build a railway to York as it meant that this would

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both of which were authorised on 4 July 1844. The then isolated Whitby – Pickering Railway was purchased by the YNMR on 30 June 1845 and when the York to Pickering line opened on 8 July 1845 there was a through route from York to Whitby. This was a logical choice for Hudson as he had property in

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In 1827, his great-uncle Matthew Botrill fell ill and Hudson attended at his bedside. In thanks for this, the old man made a will leaving him his fortune of £30,000 (equivalent to £3,280,554 in 2023). In later years when exiled in France, Hudson acknowledged "it was the very worst thing that

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The shareholders that had so fulsomely praised Hudson for the large dividends paid now lined up against him. In the Midland Railway meeting of 15 February 1849 there were calls for a committee of inquiry to be set up which Hudson managed to quash by threatening to resign. Five days later at the

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Later investigation showed that while Hudson decided the levels of dividends to be paid to shareholders it was Waddington's job to doctor the traffic accounts to make it appear legally earned. Waddington also siphoned off £8,000 of the ECR's money into a parliamentary slush fund which strained

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issuing a prospectus in May 1844. Early in 1845 he and Hudson had a very public argument on Derby station (about raising capital) resulting in a serious rivalry. Hudson and the Midland Railway opposed the GNR in parliament and his involvement with the Eastern Counties Railway was designed to

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Hudson however had many friends in York and the north and the thought of an old man (now aged 65) in poor health in prison offended Victorian sensibilities. Hudson was released in October 1865 as the debt (still one of many outstanding at this point) was paid off by a colliery owner called

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defended the move although in later years the latter would be foremost amongst Hudson's critics. Opening to a junction on the Leeds to Selby line took place on 29 May 1839 and to Normanton on 1 July 1840 meaning London was now linked by rail to York. On 9 November 1840 the YNMR leased the

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had previously been the home of his uncle, Matthew Bottrill until his death. Now named Hudson House, a plaque in his memory explaining his connection to the house is displayed outside; after being used as a business address over many decades, the house was recently converted into flats.

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In April 1849 the Prance report (YNMR) revealed the wrongful valuation of the shares and Hudson had to pay back £30,000. Later that month he faced a hostile ECR inquiry (formed of men who had approved everything he did in previous years), after which he resigned. On 7 May, MP

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He married Elizabeth Nicholson (1795–1886) in 1821 in York. Their four surviving children were: George (1829–1909), who was called to the bar and became an inspector of factories and a father to a son; John (b. 1832), who entered the army and was killed in the

314:, to John and Elizabeth Hudson on 10 March 1800. His mother died at the age of 38 in 1806 when George was six and his father two years later in 1808. He was brought up by older brothers William and John and after a cursory education he left Howsham at age 15. 1211:

started a subscription fund for Hudson later that year which raised £1,000 in three weeks. His friends started a trust for Hudson (which they legally protected against Hudson's creditors such as the NER) to give him a regular income. With the passing of the

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on the Market Weighton line. As 1849 progressed, more was unearthed and by the autumn Hudson was being asked to repay £750,000. He sold Londesborough Park and then paid £200,000 off to the YNBR (chairman George Leeman) rather than face being taken to court.

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money for this project did not go well, as he stated that the YNMR would fund the bridge with the corporation. However, when the proposal was presented to the corporation there was no mention of the YNMR. Alarmed, one of Hudson's bitterest enemies,

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and Robert Prance revealed a number of shares had been sold to the company at a value far in excess of what they were actually worth and the beneficiary was Hudson. This time the call for a committee of inquiry to be set up was successful.

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Hudson's name is associated with financial wrongdoing, although others were at least partially guilty of similar practices. He never named any of his co-conspirators, although many of them turned their backs on him when the bubble burst.

506:. Its promoters hoped that it would be part of an East Coast route to Scotland and while initially favouring Leeds and York they eventually chose York as their southernmost destination although Hudson had little to do with this decision. 638:

with a single fatality. The following public outcry demanded changes to restore the NMR to its former operating efficiency. In his first six months Hudson managed to reduce operating expenses by £11,530 and increase revenue by £2,500.

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introduced a bill to build a railway network in Ireland. The cost of the proposal was £16 million which George Hudson, no doubt sensing an opportunity, supported. The government did not support the bill which was ultimately defeated.

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suggests that this may have been the result of the slump affecting agriculture in 1815, but there was also a payment of 12 shillings and 6 pence recorded in the Howsham poor book as being "received of George Hudson for bastardry".

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section opened. It opened as a through route on 20 March 1848. Other Midland lines opened under Hudson's chairmanship included Skipton-Colne, Coalville-Burton and Nottingham to Kirkby (all opening 2 October 1849).

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station opened and on 20 July the line from Spofforth to Harrogate was completed. On 1 August the line linking Selby and Market Weighton was opened to traffic although it was a number of years before the line to

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On Sunday 9 July 1865 (just before the election) the Sheriff of York arrested Hudson in Whitby and he was taken back to York. Although not proven, it is suggested by two of his biographers that Thompson and

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There are contradictory accounts about his time on the continent with some claims he lived in a series of shabby hotels sometimes unable to afford food while others suggested he was reasonably provided for.

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A direct line to Leeds was also planned but following Hudson's downfall this was abandoned. Authorised in 1846 and abandoned in 1849 the only tangible evidence of this line is a railway viaduct built at

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eventually the Cambridge-St Ives-March section became part of the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway and passenger services operated between Liverpool Street and York for a number of years.

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states "The Whigs were not in favour of bribery but instead used gangs of thugs to intimidate any would be Tory voter – in those days the vote was given orally and in public, surrounded by the crowd".

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On 23 May 1844 the construction of a high-level bridge across the Tyne was authorised and on 19 June the line opened through to Gateshead. Under Hudson's chairmanship the York and Newcastle opened the

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There is a Hudson Street in Whitby and a Hudson Road in Sunderland which has two docks named after him (Hudson Dock North and Hudson Dock South). The former Market Weighton to Beverley section of the

513:. In April – before full opening – Hudson declared a dividend of one guinea per share which, when questioned he confirmed had been paid out of the companies' capital. Some objected but both Meek and 1366:, London which became the centre of the Hudsons' social life in London. In 1853, he leased the house to the French Ambassador, Count Walewski. Today (2018), the building remains the French embassy. 1224:

to York where the hearse drove through the streets. Many turned out to pay last respects and shop owners lowered their window blinds as a mark of respect. Hudson was buried at the parish church at

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Octon Grange was bought as a strategic investment in August 1844. Hudson hoped his sons would both inherit a country house and this was also close to the then proposed Bridlington branch line.

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who had planned to build a railway through to Newcastle and onto Scotland. By 1841 their plans had foundered and the scheme had stalled at Darlington having used up all the capital.

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a few miles south-east of Leeds. The YNMR received its Act of Parliament on 21 June 1836. and at its first official meeting Hudson was elected Chairman with other officers including

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to survey the line and Hudson accompanied him, learning the practicalities of railway construction and of dealing with landowners. In spite of the success of the locomotive powered

1386:'s plans to build a line from York to Market Weighton. The estate, bought as an investment for his sons and cost £500,000. lt was sold in 1850 to pay off some of Hudson's debts. 3125: 1169:

were behind the arrest. Given that Thompson was the chairman of one of the railways pursuing Hudson for debt and was facing defeat in Whitby, it does seem a likely scenario.

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On 17 May Hudson resigned from the YNMR to avoid sacking and a committee was set up to look at the allegation that Hudson had used their money to build a private station at

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had printed a very supportive endorsement of Hudson the previous June. Hudson had to return to France to escape his creditors but was duly selected to fight Whitby in the

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Hudson returned to England in December 1864 for the funeral of his younger brother Charles. Charles had been an influential figure in the Whitby Conservative Party and the

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was completed. It is worth noting that Hudson had purchased the Londesborough Hall estate in September 1845 to partly to prevent the scheme of one of his bitter enemies

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staff numbers and wages. Experienced staff were laid off and replaced and performance on the railway suffered. On 12 January 1843 there was a serious accident at

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This was the site of Hudson's drapery shop and when first married he lived above the premises. There is a plaque commemorating this fact at the location (2014).

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Elizabeth Hudson died at 13 Pitt Street, Kensington on 15 January 1886 and his son George was recorded as living there for a few years after his mother's death.

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There are contradictory dates for this accident as 6 January is suggested by Peacock and Joy. However the Railway Archive suggests 12 January as does Beaumont.

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Eventually Hudson realised he could not prevent the GNR from getting to York so instead the York and North Midland built a branch in 1850 from Burton Salmon to

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While initially a blow for Hudson it acted as a turning point in his fortunes as his plight was noted by newspapers in Sunderland, Hull and Whitby. Elliot and

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and other West Yorkshire towns. Hudson was treasurer of this group and subsequently subscribed for 500 shares becoming the largest shareholder. They retained

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could have happened to me. It let me into the railways and all my misfortunes since". Hudson became a prominent member of the York Board of Health and when

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on 3 May 1847. Later that year, on 17 August, the line from Cambridge to St Ives extending to March on 1 February 1848. On 2 October 1848 the line linking

290:. Hudson's success was built on dubious financial practices and he frequently paid shareholders out of capital rather than money the company had earned. 1122:

where he polled 790 out of 4,000 votes. This defeat removed the protection Hudson had as an MP from imprisonment and he subsequently went into exile.

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During Hudson's time as chairman the ECR network expanded with the line from Ely North Junction to Peterborough opening on 14 January 1847 and from

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In 1848 a pamphlet called "The bubble of the age" or "The fallacy of railway investment, Railway Accounts and Railway dividends" alleged that the

263:(probably 10 March 1800 – 14 December 1871) was an English railway financier and politician who, because he controlled a significant part of the 1482:

Derby was one of the first to be built for more than one railway company but, even there, the one long platform was divide into three sections.

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in December 1857; William (b. 1834), who became a doctor but was killed by a train in 1876; and Ann (1830–1874), who married a Polish count,

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of the town in the 1850s. In 1865 West Cliff was mortgaged to the NER although Hudson hoped to recover it and start further developments.

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were completed opening on 5 October and 6 October respectively. The link between Filey and Bridlington was completed on 20 October 1847.

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Hudson played a significant role in linking London to Edinburgh by rail, carrying out the first major merging of railway companies (the

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visited the city in 1832 Hudson distinguished himself as a spirited public servant visiting the sick and reporting on their welfare".

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the date is suggested to be Monday 10 July by biographer Dr Alf Peacock (1988,89) although most newspapers reported it as the Sunday.

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Hudson cut costs in a similar way on the North Midland Railway and an accident at Romford on 18 July 1846 led the satirical magazine

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and they became friends and business associates. He learnt of Stephenson's dream of a railway from London, using a junction of the

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Less of a memorial but a memory; a painting in oil of Hudson dating from his time as Mayor of York is still displayed in the York

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Elizabeth Hudson lived here for many years while Hudson lived in exile. Hudson lived here in 1870–1871 and died at this address.

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Hudson once again moved abroad, but on return to London (in June 1866) he was again arrested and imprisoned for three weeks in

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Hudson lived at 44 Monkgate with his family between 1827 and 1844. The house, which had once been occupied by local artist

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were demanding money for the Lendal Bridge project and many of Hudson's allies were unseated at local elections that year.

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style, retaining its Georgian south front. The mansion, its interior reconstructed after a fire in 1902, is now home to

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in the North Riding of Yorkshire, between the small towns of Ripon and Thirsk, which is often referred to as the first

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After a period in Spain where he tried and failed to get a new railway project off the ground and suffering badly from

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foundered and the town became increasingly disenchanted with Hudson.Hudson held onto his seat until his defeat at the

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Report of the Committee of Investigation, to be Laid Before the Meeting of the Shareholders, 1st–4th and Final Report

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railway companies of fares and charges paid for passengers and goods travelling over the lines of other companies.

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and he took a leading part in the establishment of the York Union Banking Company with its agent in the city being

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forced to live abroad to avoid arrest for debt, returning only when imprisonment for debt was abolished in 1870.

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Sir Thomes Legard (11th Baronet of Ganton) wrote when the Filey and Bridlington branch was opened in 1846.

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and became treasurer of the York Conservative Party in 1832. He supported the unsuccessful candidature of

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a group of local businessman formed the Leeds and Bradford Railway company, with Hudson as chairman. An

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Members of a company's board of directors are expected to promote the company's financial interests. A

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to enable the city to enjoy cheaper coal and emulate the industrial success being enjoyed by Leeds,

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In 1833 York businessmen formed a railway committee. The initial idea of this was to link York to

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to Ambergate on the Midland line just north of Derby. Hudson was on the board of directors with

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in the general election of 1832 and again in an 1833 bye-election. Although York was primarily a

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and was elected again albeit with a reduced majority. Between 1857 and 1859 the fortunes of the

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for £17,000 per year and Hudson promptly closed the line so passengers had to use his route via

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Lambert 1934 recorded this as no 87 but the address given on his death certificate is no 37.

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in 1842. This was an organisation set up to manage the allocation of revenue collected by

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The Railway King 1800–1871, a study of George Hudson and the Business Morals of his Times

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on 1 January 1870 Hudson was able to return to London and live with his wife Elizabeth.

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Report of the Evidence of George Hudson, Esq., M.P. in the case of Richardson v. Wodson

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in England. He rebuilt it as 'Baldersby Park, providing it with a northern front in a

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was £16,000 and this was taken over by the North Eastern Railway upon merger in 1864.

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promptly went to court with three separate cases which proved a fatal blow to Hudson.

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as chairman. On 4 July 1845 the Midland leased the Erewash Valley line and bought the

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His name has been used to point the moral of vaulting ambition and unstable fortune,

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shareholders were paid ahead of debtors – in other words, the company was insolvent.

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At this time there was also another railway being planned which would link York to

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opened between Church Fenton and Spofforth and on 4 October the line from York to

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Initial services between York and London ran via Doncaster, Retford, Lincoln and

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Work started on the YNMR line in April 1837 with a new station being built in

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Hudson returned to Whitby on 11 June 1865 where his opponent was the sitting

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Lowther was elected to parliament at York at the third time of asking in the

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in the south. In May of that year a company was formed to build a line from

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Other lines built by the YNMR under Hudson's chairmanship included those to

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Burton Salmon route (see above) which many felt effectively sold them out.

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be chair of a committee designed to frustrate one of their competitors.

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was obtained in July 1843, to build a line from Leeds to Bradford via

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Midland Railway shareholders had set one up and Hudson had resigned.

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was also a move that dissatisfied many Midland Railway shareholders.

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In fact, since 1833, plans had been advanced for three lines – the

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Hudson was apprenticed to Bell and Nicholson, a firm of drapers in

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

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In 1835, Hudson was elected to the City of York Corporation as an

360:

city the influence Hudson had on the campaigns was being noticed.

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Dalling, G (August 1978). "David Waddington – a great survivor".

1377: 1032:, although at this point the Tories did not control York. At the 912: 762: 678: 331: 267:, became known as "The Railway King"—a title conferred on him by 212: 196: 1362:

When Hudson became an MP he bought a property in Albert Gate in

2025: 2023: 833:

issued a report in 1841 favouring the West Coast route linking

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http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/eventsummary.php?eventID=1641

1083:

his railway interests – was a key player in the repeal of the

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This lists some of the key properties connected with Hudson.

774:

MP was keen to promote a faster link from London to York via

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Creating paradise: the building of the English country house

2492: 2468: 2020: 1873: 1776: 1752: 2672: 2480: 2417: 2366: 2143: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2069: 1936: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1407: 1107: 822:

As mentioned above the other early railway in York was the

367: 349: 311: 279: 2612:

A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840

2434: 2432: 2383: 2381: 2239: 1924: 1788: 565:

The following year lines from Seamer to Filey and Hull to

3013:

A history of Sunderland Docks mentioning the Hudson docks

2576: 2251: 2215: 2203: 2191: 1996: 1885: 1824: 1822: 1672: 1410:, was named after him, as is George Hudson Street in the 923:

opened. Also in 1848 the ECR took over operations on the

2057: 1972: 1851: 1849: 1834: 1800: 1735: 1689: 1687: 1638: 1636: 1578: 931:

from October (this had only opened the previous March).

783:

frustrate the GNR plans and build a competing route via

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Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies

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The Whitby Conservatives appointed another candidate,

2810:

George Hudson – the rise and fall of the Railway King

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interests above those of the company, which is fraud.

1382:

This estate, bought within a year, effectively ended

743:

was opened on 2 September and then a month later the

2973:

GEORGE HUDSON 'THE RAILWAY KING' 200 YEARS 1800–2000

2937:

George Hudson: The Rise and Fall of the Railway King

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calling him the "big swollen gambler" in one of the

881:

in 1845 and one of his first actions was to appoint

494:

Leeds and Selby, York and North Midland railway maps

2875:

The North Eastern Railway; its rise and development

538:

Other YNMR lines opened under Hudson's chairmanship

282:into a major railway junction. He also represented 2997:. Vol. XII (9th ed.). 1881. p. 332. 2847: 1389: 709:opened a month after the Midland had absorbed the 1249:Hudson was a man who engendered strong feelings. 872: 613:Hudson who played a great part in setting up the 3097: 2275:British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 1369: 2934: 2123: 1608:"Hudson, George (the Railway King) (1800–1871)" 1452:who states he was a Methodist lay preacher and 943:George Hudson "Off the Rail" as caricatured in 849:A diagram showing how the companies formed the 2793:(1st ed.). Shepperton UK: Ian Allan Ltd. 2263: 1402:Hudson House, built on the site of the former 1378:Londesborough Park Estate near Market Weighton 1228:on 21 December in accordance with his wishes. 763:Opposition to the Great Northern Railway (GNR) 701:on 21 July. On 4 August the Midland line from 661:In 1845, as a result of work by vice-chairman 560:Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway 475:In 1835 the York railway committee became the 2812:. Stroud,UK: Alan Sutton Publishing Limited. 2040: 2038: 1464:which was a Whig owned anti-Hudson newspaper. 642:Like the NMR two of the other companies, the 2966:contributions in Parliament by George Hudson 2892: 1614:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1448:There seems to be disagreement here between 1261:In 1840 D Morier Evans described Hudson as: 877:Hudson was appointed chairman of the ailing 759:on 16 March to Skipton on 8 September 1847. 713:(the Midland's oldest constituent railway). 345:, Hudson changed his allegiance to become a 2939:, Hambeldon and London, London and New York 1253:wrote of him in a letter to Count d’Orsay. 2845: 2127:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). 2063: 2035: 2029: 1978: 1942: 1879: 1840: 1813: 1758: 1746: 1705: 533:The original York station pictured in 1861 49: 19:For other people named George Hudson, see 2868: 1782: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1473:the line re-opened to passengers in 1850. 1305: 890:relations between Hudson and Waddington. 755:Other LBR extensions included Shipley to 607: 2826: 2770: 2678: 2558: 2546: 2534: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2474: 2462: 2450: 2438: 2423: 2387: 2372: 2360: 2336: 2324: 2297: 2257: 2245: 2233: 2221: 2209: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2161: 2149: 2111: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2002: 1990: 1954: 1930: 1891: 1828: 1794: 1729: 1678: 1666: 1654: 1584: 1557:Peacock and Joy record this as £470,000. 1545: 1453: 1157:. Thompson was also the chairman of the 1110:, Hudson returned to Sunderland for the 938: 844: 768:offer a better through route to London. 528: 489: 315: 2943: 2899:York and North Midland Railway (1849), 2882: 2788: 2044: 1903: 1867: 1855: 1717: 1693: 1642: 1612:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1449: 1045: 899:to petition Hudson to the effect that: 860:on 11 September 1846 and took over the 3098: 2935:Arnold, A.J.; McCartney, S.M. (2004), 2908: 2807: 2742: 2582: 2570: 2411: 2399: 2014: 1966: 1918: 1770: 1590: 1457: 1357: 1214:Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt Act 1036:he backed the unsuccessful candidate, 310:, a small village about 12 miles from 2854:. Clapham Yorkshire: Dalesman Books. 2348: 2298:Beaumont, Robert (10 November 2016). 2269: 2139:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 2047:Great Eastern Railway Society Journal 1231: 648:Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway 458:Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway 393:York and North Midland Railway (YNMR) 16:English railway financier (1800–1871) 2846:Peacock, Alfred; Joy, David (1971). 1605: 735:Later in 1846 the Midland line from 3176:19th-century English businesspeople 3146:People of the Industrial Revolution 3116:19th-century British businesspeople 2791:Britain's Rail Super Centres – York 975:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway 851:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway 840:York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway 572:On 20 August 1847 the YNMR line to 554:On 1 July 1845 the YNMR leased the 397: 13: 2926:Peacock, A.J.; Joy, David (1971), 864:on 12 October. It also leased the 817: 800:Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway 624: 278:) and developing his home city of 14: 3187: 3003:"The Railway King: George Hudson" 2953: 1326: 1313: 1289:Michał Hieronim Leszczyc-Sumiński 934: 929:Newmarket and Chesterford Railway 814:to Peterborough opening in 1852. 711:Leicester and Swannington Railway 671:Birmingham and Gloucester Railway 425:In the summer of 1834 Hudson met 370:to conduct their business in the 3022:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2758: 2714:"Port of Sunderland South Docks" 1040:, and did so again in 1833 in a 416:Liverpool and Manchester Railway 2706: 2684: 2646: 2629:"Queen Mary's School Yorkshire" 2621: 2601: 2588: 2291: 2117: 1606:Reed, Michael (January 2008) . 1560: 1551: 1539: 1530: 1516: 1506: 1497: 1485: 1476: 1467: 1390:Churton Street, Pimlico, London 1354:, a girls' independent school. 699:Sheffield and Rotherham Railway 558:and on 1 October that year the 363:In 1833 it became possible for 3171:York and North Midland Railway 3141:People from Ryedale (district) 2919: 2885:Railwaymen, Politics and Money 2694:. Londesborough Parish Council 2136:New International Encyclopedia 1442: 1404:York and North Midland Railway 1277: 1183: 873:Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) 824:Great North of England Railway 667:Bristol and Gloucester Railway 504:Great North of England Railway 477:York and North Midland Railway 21:George Hudson (disambiguation) 1: 3131:Businesspeople from Yorkshire 3121:British railway entrepreneurs 1572: 1548:and Dr Alf Peacock (1988,89). 1370:Octon Grange near Bridlington 1297: 1073: 862:Hartlepool Dock & Railway 673:and Hudson's railways linked 435:London and Birmingham Railway 301: 1397: 265:railway network in the 1840s 7: 2944:Lambert, Richard S (1934), 1338:'s already much-remodelled 1209:Tynemouth and North Shields 1018: 381: 10: 3192: 2751: 385: 306:George Hudson was born in 18: 3079: 3042:Member of Parliament for 3040: 3027: 3020: 2893:Inquest and legal reports 2870:Tomlinson, William Weaver 2827:Beaumont, Robert (2003). 1125: 728:as well as a link to the 665:, the Midland leased the 456:from Rugby to Derby, the 418:on the other side of the 254: 246: 236: 228: 218: 202: 182: 177: 173: 162: 150: 138: 126: 115: 103: 91: 79: 68: 61: 57: 48: 30: 3151:British railway pioneers 2948:, George Allen and Unwin 1436: 1198:Whitecross Street Prison 987:Eastern Counties Railway 879:Eastern Counties Railway 739:(north of Leicester) to 644:Midland Counties Railway 454:Midland Counties Railway 193:East Riding of Yorkshire 145:William Stephenson Clark 3064:Sir Hedworth Williamson 2994:Encyclopædia Britannica 2909:Hudson, George (1850), 2781:Encyclopædia Britannica 1331:In 1845 he bought from 1116:Sunderland Dock Company 1023: 780:London and York Railway 520:Leeds and Selby Railway 2887:. John Murray, London. 2808:Bailey, Brian (1995). 2789:Appleby, Ken (1993) . 2658:British History Online 2561:, pp. 3, 15, 159. 2130:"Hudson, George" 2064:Peacock & Joy 1971 2030:Peacock & Joy 1971 1979:Peacock & Joy 1971 1943:Peacock & Joy 1971 1880:Peacock & Joy 1971 1841:Peacock & Joy 1971 1814:Peacock & Joy 1971 1759:Peacock & Joy 1971 1747:Peacock & Joy 1971 1706:Peacock & Joy 1971 1620:10.1093/ref:odnb/14029 1306:1 College Street, York 1275: 1267: 1259: 949: 905: 886:for the shareholders. 853: 810:with the line through 615:Railway Clearing House 608:Railway Clearing House 556:Hull and Selby Railway 534: 495: 449:– but bypassing York. 3088:William Schaw Lindsay 2988:"George Hudson" 2928:George Hudson of York 2850:George Hudson of York 1423:York to Beverley Line 1271: 1263: 1255: 1159:North Eastern Railway 1120:1859 general election 1112:1857 general election 1100:1852 general election 1098:In the run up to the 1053:1835 general election 1034:1832 general election 1028:By 1830 Hudson was a 942: 901: 848: 730:North Midland Railway 695:Lord George Cavendish 631:North Midland Railway 562:became joint lessee. 532: 493: 472:from there to Leeds. 470:North Midland Railway 386:Further information: 3007:historyofyork.org.uk 2883:Vaughan, A. (1997). 2831:. London: Headline. 2501:, pp. 203, 204. 2477:, pp. 192, 193. 1524:conflict of interest 1414:running parallel to 1243:Latter-Day Pamphlets 1092:Lord George Bentinck 152:Member of Parliament 3136:Lord mayors of York 2980:on 28 November 2005 2681:, pp. 81, 264. 2633:Queen Mary's School 2585:, pp. 81, 264. 2489:, pp. 196–199. 2426:, pp. 179–185. 2375:, pp. 169–173. 2152:, pp. 131–132. 2114:, pp. 129–130. 2102:, pp. 117–118. 2090:, pp. 115–116. 2078:, pp. 109–111. 1785:, pp. 341–342. 1358:Albert Gate, London 1352:Queen Mary's School 232:Elizabeth Nicholson 2718:Port of Sunderland 2618:Belwood, William". 2248:, pp. 97, 98. 2032:, pp. 95, 96. 1933:, pp. 90, 91. 1882:, pp. 88, 89. 1797:, pp. 46, 47. 1761:, pp. 85, 86. 1681:, pp. 22, 23. 1232:How others saw him 1004:Londesborough Park 950: 869:Carlisle Railway. 854: 677:in the north with 535: 496: 468:to Derby, and the 354:John Henry Lowther 98:William Richardson 63:Lord Mayor of York 3094: 3093: 3080:Succeeded by 2724:on 14 August 2013 2260:, pp. 79–80. 2224:, pp. 34–35. 2212:, pp. 32–33. 2200:, pp. 22–23. 2005:, pp. 57–59. 1945:, pp. 95, 6. 1894:, pp. 63–65. 1587:, pp. 13–15. 996:Francis Charteris 977:two shareholders 963:local corporation 722:Act of Parliament 427:George Stephenson 258: 257: 3183: 3166:UK MPs 1852–1857 3161:UK MPs 1847–1852 3156:UK MPs 1841–1847 3028:Preceded by 3018: 3017: 3009: 2998: 2990: 2981: 2976:, archived from 2949: 2940: 2931: 2915: 2905: 2888: 2879: 2865: 2853: 2842: 2829:The Railway King 2823: 2804: 2785: 2764: 2762: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2720:. Archived from 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2625: 2619: 2614:, 3rd ed. 1995, 2605: 2599: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2301:The Railway King 2295: 2289: 2288: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2132: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2042: 2033: 2027: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1817: 1811: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1603: 1588: 1582: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1520: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1446: 883:David Waddington 866:Clarence Railway 652:war of attrition 462:Hampton in Arden 398:A line to London 376:George Carr Glyn 288:House of Commons 250:The Railway King 206:14 December 1871 178:Personal details 167: 141: 129: 120: 110:James Richardson 106: 94: 73: 53: 28: 27: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3072: 3069:William Seymour 3067: 3062: 3055: 3047: 3038: 3036:Viscount Howick 3034: 3001: 2985: 2970: 2956: 2925: 2922: 2895: 2862: 2839: 2820: 2801: 2774:, ed. (1911). " 2759: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2606: 2602: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2386: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2271:Craig, F. W. 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937: 927:and leased the 925:Norfolk Railway 875: 858:Richmond branch 820: 818:North from York 778:and formed the 765: 656:Midland Railway 627: 625:Midland Railway 610: 596:was completed. 578:Market Weighton 540: 515:Joseph Rowntree 400: 395: 390: 384: 316:Beaumont (2003) 304: 276:Midland Railway 219:Political party 207: 187: 168: 163: 154: 139: 127: 121: 116: 104: 92: 74: 69: 44: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3189: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3092: 3091: 3081: 3078: 3039: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3016: 3015: 3010: 2999: 2983: 2968: 2955: 2954:External links 2952: 2951: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2906: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2880: 2866: 2860: 2843: 2837: 2824: 2818: 2805: 2799: 2786: 2776:Hudson, George 2772:Chisholm, Hugh 2753: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2745:, p. 155. 2735: 2705: 2683: 2671: 2645: 2620: 2600: 2587: 2575: 2573:, p. 152. 2563: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2465:, p. 192. 2455: 2453:, p. 191. 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1182: 1155:Harry Thompson 1136:Whitby Gazette 1127: 1124: 1075: 1072: 1046:Vaughan (1997) 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 936: 935:Fraud and ruin 933: 874: 871: 831:Board of Trade 819: 816: 785:Cambridgeshire 772:Edmund Denison 764: 761: 741:Melton Mowbray 626: 623: 609: 606: 587:On 8 May 1848 539: 536: 399: 396: 394: 391: 383: 380: 372:City of London 324:College Street 303: 300: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 244: 243: 238: 234: 233: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 204: 200: 199: 184: 180: 179: 175: 174: 171: 170: 160: 159: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 113: 112: 107: 101: 100: 95: 89: 88: 83: 77: 76: 66: 65: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3188: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3089: 3084: 3083:Henry Fenwick 3077: 3075: 3074:Henry Fenwick 3070: 3065: 3060: 3059:David Barclay 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3037: 3032: 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