3575:
3510:
3442:
3316:
2974:
1313:" – These political terms originated in this era and derived from the seating arrangements in the legislative bodies. The use of the terms is loose and inconsistent, but in this period "right" tends to mean support for monarchical and aristocratic interests and the Roman Catholic religion, or (at the height of revolutionary fervor) for the interests of the bourgeoisie against the masses, while "left" tends to imply opposition to the same, proto-laissez faire free marketeers and proto-communists.
3540:
3485:
657:– Technically, a group of twelve republican deputies more moderate in their tactics than the Montagnards, though arguably many were no less radical in their beliefs; the term is often applied more broadly to others of similar politics. Members and adherents of the Gironde are variously referred to as "Girondists" (
152:("nobility of the gown"), the magisterial class that administered royal justice and civil government, often referring to those who earned a title of nobility through generations of long periods of public service (bureaucrats and civil servants) or bought it (rich merchants).
533:), the date that is generally counted as the end of the French Revolution. The Directory itself was the highest executive organ, comprising five Directors, chosen by the Ancients out of a list elected by the Five Hundred; its legislative was bicameral, consisting of:
909:
409:– During the waning days of the Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy, the municipal government of Paris functioned, at times, in the capacity of a national government, as a rival, a goad, or a bully to the Legislative Assembly.
568:) – The period of the consulate (December 1799 – December 1804) is only ambiguously part of the revolutionary era. The government was led by three individuals known as Consuls. From the start, Napoleon Bonaparte served as First Consul (
731:
who left France in the period of increasingly radical revolutionary ascendancy, usually under implied or explicit threat from the Terror. (Generically, it can refer to those who left at other times or for other reasons.) Besides the
1194:) – 1790, confiscated Church lands and turned the Catholic clergy into state employees; those who refused out of loyalty to Rome and tradition were persecuted; those who obeyed were excommunicated; partially reversed by Napoleon's
105:
is a term with two relevant meanings: on the one hand, the generally unrepresented poor, nominally part of the Third Estate; on the other, the press, as a fourth powerful entity in addition to the three estates of the realm.
31:
can be confusing. The same political faction may be referred to by different historians (or by the same historian in different contexts) by different names. During much of the revolutionary period, the French used a
4662:
158:("nobility of the bell"), mayors and aldermen of certain cities under royal charter were considered gentry. Some mayors and aldermen held a noble title for life after a long period of service in office.
587:
was one of the legislative chambers instituted by the
Constitution of year VIII, composed of 100 members nominated by the Senate to discuss the legislative initiatives defended by the government's
1976:
509:) – From 22 August 1795, the convention was replaced by the Directory, a bicameral legislature that more or less institutionalized the dominance of the bourgeoisie while also enacting a major
3639:
202:(literally "Suburbanites") – Roughly, the non-noble wealthy and the middle classes: typically merchants, investors, and professionals such as doctors and lawyers. The dwellers in the small
3338:
413:
402:, but with the removal of the king's veto power on 11 July 1792, was a republic in all but name, and became even more so after the subsequent arrest of the Royal Family.
4324:
470:
1284:" – Refers to the period of July and August 1789, when peasants sacked the castles of the nobles and burned the documents that recorded their feudal obligations.
383:); also loosely referred to as the National Assembly – From 9 July 1789 to 30 September 1791, this was both the governing and the constitution–drafting body of
3205:
1547:
3579:
4369:
21:
4601:
1691:
1264:
36:
that fell into complete disuse after the revolutionary era. Different legislative bodies had rather similar names, not always translated uniformly into
3991:
2892:
2847:
2754:
2701:
2632:
2502:
2476:
2393:
2290:
2217:
525:
of 18 Fructidor (4 September 1797), the first time
Napoleon played a direct role in government. The Directory continued (politically quite far to the
4299:
3527:
1345:("Knitter") - The term for the old ladies who would knit while watching the guillotine executions of enemies of the state. They were spies for the
3587:
3380:
455:, this committee was effectively the government of France. After the fall of the Montagnards, the committee continued, but with reduced powers.
398:) – From 1 October 1791, to September 1792, the Legislative Assembly, elected by voters with property qualifications, governed France under a
432:, or simply The convention – First met 20 September 1792; two days later, declared a republic. The National Convention after the fall of the
3726:
3522:
794:
342:
is one of the events that led to the French
Revolution. The Estates General, as such, met 5–6 May 1789, but reached an impasse because the
3918:
3860:
3649:
1735:
146:("nobility of the sword"), the hereditary gentry and nobility who originally had to perform military service in exchange for their titles.
1463:
1223:
4349:
3706:
3045:
1358:
For citations see the linked articles and also
Ballard (2011); Furet (1989) Hanson (2004), Ross (1998) and Scott & Rothaus (1985).
3472:
4304:
3756:
3659:
1926:
3883:
1554:
346:
refused to continue to participate in this structure. The other two estates continued to meet in this form for several more weeks.
4652:
3721:
3634:
3095:
1434:
1339:– the September 1792 massacres of prisoners perceived to be counter–revolutionary, a disorderly precursor of the Reign of Terror.
3290:
4560:
4334:
4051:
1659:
913:
376:
1164:
Green cockade – As the "colour of hope", the symbol of the
Revolution in its early days, before the adoption of the tricolour.
3462:
3401:
3359:
3190:
1643:
858:
698:
or
Thermidoreans – The more moderate (some would say reactionary) grouping that came to power after the fall of the Mountain.
361:
4364:
3908:
3416:
1968:
70:) – The clergy, both high (generally siding with the nobility, and it often was recruited amongst its younger sons) and low.
3825:
3242:
3135:
2059:
3115:
4339:
4294:
3467:
2619:
2380:
1635:
3840:
3794:
4657:
4647:
3411:
2717:
2367:
1377:
4036:
3247:
3222:
4031:
3372:
3333:
2879:
2510:
1491:
406:
3080:
4026:
3933:
3267:
1743:
1683:
1329:– coined during the revolutionary era to refer to those who opposed the revolution and its principles and sought a
1187:
81:) – The nobility. Technically, but not usually of much relevance, the Second Estate also included the Royal Family.
4461:
4249:
4176:
1219:) – a priest or other member of the clergy who took the oath required under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
305:– The absolute monarchy under the Bourbon kings, generally considered to end some time between the meeting of the
4697:
4692:
4402:
4111:
3050:
1512:
1484:
1456:
353:– The body formed 11 May 1789, by the Third Estate after seceding from the Estates General. On 12 June 1789, the
257:, Constitution of 22 August 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor – Establishes the
4244:
4141:
3731:
2725:
1302:, a private, sealed royal document that could imprison or exile an individual without recourse to courts of law.
1170:
Black cockade – Primarily, the cockade of the anti–revolutionary aristocracy. Also, earlier, the cockade of the
990:
4702:
4637:
4239:
4016:
2709:
1847:
1699:
1405:
20:
generally does not explicate names of individual people or their political associations; those can be found in
3644:
4642:
3165:
2640:
2484:
2463:
2401:
2321:
2184:
1919:
1839:
1804:
1330:
923:
822:
459:
265:
33:
3075:
3065:
1752:
4354:
4041:
3938:
3429:
3406:
3351:
3237:
3180:
2067:
1999:
1389:
The
Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
1249:– notes, bills, and bonds issued as currency 1790–1796, based on the noble lands appropriated by the state.
893:
or "Year 1" began 22 September 1792 (the date of the official abolition of the monarchy and the nobility).
283:
254:
98:, the labouring class. Also included in the Third Estate were lawyers, merchants, and government officials.
3346:
2149:
4456:
4081:
3976:
3855:
3835:
3746:
3675:
3497:
2995:
2762:
2455:
2308:
1796:
1157:
Tricolour cockade – The symbol of the
Revolution (from shortly after the Bastille fell) and later of the
759:
636:
611:– Generally refers specifically to supporters of the Bourbon monarchy and can include both supporters of
391:
235:
224:
4279:
4131:
3145:
3040:
2278:
1271:– 1789; in summary, defined these rights as "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."
88:) – Everyone not included in the First or Second Estate. At times this term refers specifically to the
4687:
4591:
4146:
3125:
2349:
2298:
2230:
2130:
1914:
1823:
1610:
1449:
1319:– in this period, "terror" usually (but not always) refers to State violence, especially the so–called
444:
276:
4126:
3888:
3020:
709:, who continued to hold up a radical Jacobin viewpoint during the period of the Thermidorian reaction.
4606:
4191:
3923:
3766:
3621:
3424:
2987:
2863:
2786:
2664:
2648:
1013:
706:
164:, ("Nobility through breeding"), The "old" nobility, who inherited their titles from time immemorial.
4501:
4046:
3878:
3654:
3035:
4314:
4161:
4116:
3446:
3441:
3185:
3015:
3005:
2818:
2802:
2680:
2595:
2442:
2426:
2329:
2103:
1667:
903:
758:– A royal or seigneurial tax, taken in the form of forced labour. It came in many forms, including
702:
343:
3741:
4166:
4121:
3830:
3711:
3388:
3210:
2834:
2741:
2409:
2225:
2168:
2083:
1788:
1627:
616:
537:
399:
339:
306:
4171:
4066:
3120:
1257:
1078:
416:
were directly democratic mass assemblies in Paris during the first four years of the
Revolution.
250:) – Ratified, but never applied, due to the suspension of all ordinary legality 10 October 1793.
3956:
3789:
3393:
3085:
3070:
2943:
2810:
2688:
2434:
2354:
2023:
1898:
1890:
1780:
1161:. Originally formed as a combination of blue and red—the colours of Paris—with the royal white.
944:
662:
489:
481:
2900:
4496:
3810:
3761:
3696:
3227:
3110:
3100:
2978:
2973:
2871:
2826:
2579:
2526:
2344:
2334:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2015:
1871:
1519:
1158:
323:
2555:
4435:
4309:
4071:
3893:
3815:
3664:
3272:
3262:
3055:
2770:
2587:
2534:
2339:
2122:
983:
Year VI – Coup in which 106 left–wing deputies were deprived of their seats, (11 May 1798).
974:
228:
49:
3751:
3232:
3150:
2303:
2248:
440:
Convention". Three committees of the
National Convention are particularly worthy of note:
8:
4511:
4441:
4289:
4219:
4076:
4056:
4021:
3996:
3928:
3629:
3155:
2539:
2418:
2176:
2088:
1863:
1855:
1831:
1590:
1336:
1310:
1171:
690:
577:
548:
514:
429:
127:
4196:
4151:
593:
3971:
3736:
3701:
3552:
3514:
3509:
3257:
3175:
3170:
2916:
2908:
2603:
2563:
2375:
2268:
2032:
2007:
1951:
1934:
1772:
1306:
1274:
1094:– the flag of the Republic, consisting of three vertical stripes, blue, white, and red.
940:
716:
643:, result of a split within the Jacobins, who favoured a constitutional monarchy over a
633:, but more broadly any revolutionary, particularly the more radical bourgeois elements.
526:
123:
4319:
4136:
3898:
3771:
3328:
3282:
1619:
425:, this also functioned in August–September 1792 as a rival claimant to national power.
4548:
4481:
4471:
4451:
3557:
2855:
2794:
2778:
2571:
1651:
1505:
1472:
1401:
1373:
1195:
1091:
612:
529:
of its earlier self) until Napoleon took power in his own right, 9 November 1799 (or
28:
4106:
3805:
2095:
1995:
1942:
964:
522:
4616:
4476:
4269:
4264:
4254:
3986:
3913:
3850:
3820:
3592:
3562:
3457:
3160:
3010:
2935:
2672:
2656:
2611:
2547:
2518:
2313:
2192:
2075:
2040:
1582:
1533:
1526:
1294:
1051:
1000:
561:
502:
269:
258:
174:("sixteen Quarterings"); having pure noble or gentle ancestry for four generations.
119:
37:
4395:
1498:
301:
192:
180:("Nobility through letters patent"), The "new" nobility, from after circa 1400 AD.
54:
4541:
4329:
4006:
4001:
3966:
3716:
3320:
3315:
3217:
3140:
3030:
3000:
2359:
2235:
1960:
1906:
1707:
1320:
1020:
782:– A royal tax, in principle pro capita, whose amount was fixed before collecting.
676:
452:
133:
4186:
1290:– name, originating during this period, of an execution-by-decapitation machine.
4611:
4553:
4359:
4181:
3961:
3681:
3544:
3539:
3489:
3484:
3304:
2492:
1726:
1201:
686:
422:
828:
4681:
4625:
4596:
4466:
4284:
4061:
3903:
3799:
3691:
3252:
3195:
227:
or Constitution of 3 September 1791 – Establishes a limited monarchy and the
102:
94:
4091:
1129:
1081:
against the Revolutionary government in 1793. Fighting continued until 1796.
980:
762:
and compulsory tillage of fields. Most commonly, the term refers to a royal
521:
actually won the election of 1797 but were stopped from taking power by the
357:
invited the other orders to join them: some clergy did so the following day.
4632:
4577:
4491:
4446:
4274:
4156:
3948:
3105:
3090:
3060:
1118:
1109:
1098:
977:
Year V – The coup against the monarchist restorationists, 4 September 1797.
954:
668:
630:
433:
243:
217:
115:
1178:
Other countries and armies at this time typically had their own cockades.
802:
580:
was declared, bringing the Revolutionary era to a yet more definitive end.
309:
on 5 May 1789, and the liberal monarchical constitution of 6 October 1789.
279:– Establishes a revised Consulate, with Napoleon as First Consul for Life.
140:) – Those with explicit noble title. These are traditionally divided into
4486:
4344:
4234:
4011:
3981:
3130:
2450:
2243:
1326:
1040:
996:
986:
958:
950:
723:
712:
620:
530:
510:
327:
199:
89:
4584:
848:
4390:
4229:
3845:
3200:
1675:
1287:
1281:
626:
608:
573:
518:
4097:
1234:– a priest or other member of the clergy who refused to take the oath.
999:
Year VIII – The coup that brought Napoleon to power, establishing the
863:
853:
4224:
3870:
3781:
3364:
2733:
934:
927:
917:
883:
878:
727:– This term usually refers to those conservatives and members of the
695:
654:
437:
312:
186:
1441:
1074:
843:
754:
513:
that was henceforward to place the peasants firmly on the political
4572:
4567:
4506:
4385:
4259:
3025:
1245:
1036:
968:
890:
873:
868:
838:
833:
719:, especially those who supported his taking on the role of Emperor.
644:
584:
488:) instituted in March–October 1793 to prosecute all threats to the
372:. The clergy joined them June 19. This was soon reconstituted as...
1569:
1208:– Official religion at the height of radical Jacobinism in 1793–4.
993:, under which four directors were forced to resign (18 June 1799).
196:(the Bourbon kingdom) after it had lost its titles and privileges.
1149:
1059:
1055:
1032:
1028:
1024:
930:
Palace, 10 August 1792. The effective end of the French monarchy.
896:
770:
588:
338:, which had fallen into disuse since 1614. The convention of the
1153:) were rosettes or ribbons worn as a badge, typically on a hat.
1067:
1063:
778:
384:
3640:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
943:
Year II – Passage of a law greatly expanding the power of the
816:
496:
reign of terror in Paris until its dissolution on 31 May 1795.
3574:
1277:– The Royal Family's attempt to flee France June 20–21, 1791.
1044:
786:
220:– Adopted 6 October 1789, accepted by the King 14 July 1790.
1316:
1103:
679:; its adherents are typically referred to as "Montagnards".
92:, the middle class, but the Third Estate also included the
3614:
1426:
Historical Dictionary of the Wars of the French Revolution
3454:
315:– Royal Law courts in Paris and most provinces under the
705:, and as the Secret Directory – faction centered around
675:) – The radical republican grouping in power during the
736:
having their property taken by the State, relatives of
650:
Republicans – Advocates of a system without a monarch.
576:
made Bonaparte First Consul for Life. In May 1804 the
4370:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
190:
nobility (literally "from before"): nobility of the
22:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
4602:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1692:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1265:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
935:Events commonly known by their Revolutionary dates
334:) – The traditional tricameral legislature of the
206:("walled towns and communities") outside the city.
1261:, petition of grievances (literally "of sorrow").
1167:White cockade – Bourbon monarchy and French army.
906:, 14 July 1789. The flashpoint of the revolution.
27:The terminology routinely used in discussing the
4679:
3528:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1435:"Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution"
766:requiring peasants to maintain the king's roads.
436:(27 July 1794) is sometimes referred to as the "
421:The Provisional Executive Committee – Headed by
1433:Scott, Samuel F.; Rothaus, Barry, eds. (1985).
1269:DĂ©claration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen
1570:Significant civil and political events by year
1417:Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution
1398:A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution
1386:
1349:and often whipped up the crowds into a fervor.
897:Events commonly known by their Gregorian dates
1457:
4623:
4582:
4558:
4539:
3523:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1432:
689:) who were on the rise in the period of the
268:– Adopted 24 December 1799, establishes the
2210:
1396:Furet, Francois; et al., eds. (1989).
817:Months of the French Revolutionary Calendar
3727:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
1464:
1450:
290:
3992:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
3650:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
3473:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1370:A New Dictionary of the French Revolution
4424:
1708:Nationalization of the Church properties
806:– 5 percent direct tax levied on income.
555:), or simply the Ancients or the Senate.
517:. The rightward move was so strong that
4653:Historiography of the French Revolution
3924:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
3635:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1367:
1054:– the opponents of France 1798 – 1800:
1023:– the opponents of France 1793 – 1797:
971:'s "whiff of grapeshot", 5 October 1795
967:Year IV – Failed coup and incidence of
701:Society of the Panthéon, also known as
286:– Establishes Bonaparte's First Empire.
4680:
3660:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
3615:Other significant figures and factions
1414:
744:
601:
4528:
4423:
3707:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
3613:
3463:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3402:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3360:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
2963:
2209:
1840:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
1568:
1471:
1445:
1395:
1387:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. (2006).
989:Year VII – Coup backed militarily by
3861:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
3273:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
2964:
2060:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1423:
240:Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793
43:
4529:
3468:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1112:– symbol of liberty and citizenhood
685:– The Mountain and others (such as
572:) of the Republic. In May 1802, a
387:. It dissolved itself in favour of:
13:
4658:Influence of the French Revolution
4648:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3412:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3373:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
1628:Convocation of the Estates General
1361:
368:) – Declared 17 June 1789, by the
14:
4714:
4300:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4032:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3334:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3116:François Christophe de Kellermann
2355:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1106:, emblem of the Bourbon monarchy.
492:, was the effective agent of the
109:
18:glossary of the French Revolution
4027:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
3934:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
3904:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
3795:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
3573:
3538:
3508:
3483:
3440:
3314:
3191:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
2972:
1744:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1188:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
381:Assemblée nationale constituante
295:In roughly chronological order:
238:, Constitution of 24 June 1793 (
210:
4365:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4112:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4037:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3248:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3243:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3223:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3051:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
1969:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
466:) – Coordinated the War effort.
4638:Women in the French Revolution
4240:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3417:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3081:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
2710:French invasion of Switzerland
1238:
544:), or simply the Five Hundred.
1:
4643:Incroyables and merveilleuses
4462:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4250:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3381:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3352:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
2649:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2402:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2376:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2185:Constitution of the Year VIII
1920:Committee of General Security
1805:National Legislative Assembly
1660:National Constituent Assembly
1353:
1192:Constitution civile du clergé
914:National Constituent Assembly
823:French Revolutionary Calendar
460:Committee of General Security
377:National Constituent Assembly
266:Constitution of the Year VIII
4561:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4355:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4245:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4142:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4042:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
3732:Charles Malo François Lameth
3407:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3238:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3181:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2381:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2068:Constitution of the Year III
1400:. Harvard University Press.
629:– strictly, a member of the
284:Constitution of the Year XII
255:Constitution of the Year III
7:
4457:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4082:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4017:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
3977:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
3856:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
3841:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
3836:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
3645:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
3498:William V, Prince of Orange
2368:First Battle of Wissembourg
2325:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2041:Closing of the Jacobin Club
1910:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
1867:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
1727:Abolition of the Parlements
1700:Women's March on Versailles
1181:
1142:
760:compulsory military service
10:
4719:
4592:French Republican calendar
4147:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
3772:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
3126:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3076:Charles François Dumouriez
3066:Jacques François Dugommier
2880:League of Armed Neutrality
2713:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
2665:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
2488:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2467:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2131:Second Congress of Rastatt
1915:Committee of Public Safety
1902:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
1215:), Constitutional priest (
1085:
1077:– Province where peasants
1011:
820:
445:Committee of Public Safety
277:Constitution of the Year X
4607:Cult of the Supreme Being
4535:
4524:
4430:
4419:
4378:
4212:
4205:
4090:
3947:
3869:
3780:
3767:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
3673:
3622:Patriotic Society of 1789
3620:
3609:
3571:
3536:
3506:
3481:
3438:
3425:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3347:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
3312:
3303:
3281:
2986:
2970:
2959:
2928:
2891:
2864:Convention of Alessandria
2846:
2753:
2700:
2631:
2501:
2475:
2392:
2289:
2216:
2205:
2161:
2150:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2142:
2115:
2052:
1988:
1883:
1816:
1765:
1719:
1611:What Is the Third Estate?
1602:
1575:
1564:
1479:
1368:Ballard, Richard (2011).
1014:French Revolutionary Wars
961:and others, 27 July 1794.
889:Under this calendar, the
464:Comité de sûreté générale
4315:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4280:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4162:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4132:François-Nicolas Vincent
4117:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3291:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3186:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3166:François Séverin Marceau
3146:François Joseph Lefebvre
3041:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3016:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3011:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3006:Alexandre de Beauharnais
2996:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
2718:French Invasion of Egypt
2596:Second Battle of Bassano
2330:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2104:Conspiracy of the Equals
1797:The Constitution of 1791
1668:Storming of the Bastille
1424:Ross, Steven T. (1998).
1415:Hanson, Paul R. (2004).
1226:", "refractory priest" (
1123:– the republican anthem.
904:storming of the Bastille
703:Conspiracy of the Equals
494:Comité de Salut Public's
248:Constitution montagnarde
4295:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4167:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4127:Antoine-François Momoro
4122:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3939:François de Neufchâteau
3889:Charles-François Lebrun
3831:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
3712:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
3588:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3394:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3389:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3021:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2835:Second Battle of Zurich
2726:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2572:First Battle of Bassano
2410:Second Battle of Boulou
2211:Revolutionary campaigns
2169:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2084:Council of Five Hundred
1872:First republic declared
1808:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1789:Declaration of Pillnitz
1513:Constitutional monarchy
1372:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1255:– petition, especially
945:Revolutionary Tribunals
617:constitutional monarchy
591:in the presence of the
538:Council of Five Hundred
486:Tribunal révolutionaire
475:Comité de l'instruction
400:constitutional monarchy
340:Estates-General of 1789
291:Governmental structures
34:newly invented calendar
4698:Revolution terminology
4693:Glossaries of politics
4624:
4583:
4559:
4540:
4052:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
4047:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
3957:Maximilien Robespierre
3790:Jacques Pierre Brissot
3655:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3086:Louis-Charles de Flers
3071:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3036:Jean François Carteaux
2811:First Battle of Zurich
2774:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
2729:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
2689:Treaty of Campo Formio
2435:Glorious First of June
2363:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
2322:Expedition to Sardinia
2000:Desmoulins guillotined
1935:Assassination of Marat
1927:Fall of the Girondists
1899:Revolutionary Tribunal
1891:Execution of Louis XVI
1781:Champ de Mars massacre
1684:Abolition of Feudalism
1007:
953:Year II – The fall of
926:– The storming of the
542:Conseil des Cinq-Cents
490:revolutionary republic
482:Revolutionary Tribunal
471:Committee of Education
449:Comité de salut public
4703:Glossaries of history
4497:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3762:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3742:Jean-François Rewbell
3228:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3111:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3101:Jacques Maurice Hatry
2872:Battle of Hohenlinden
2745:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
2580:Battle of Emmendingen
2527:Battle of Castiglione
2414:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
2345:Battle of Hondschoote
2016:Thermidorian Reaction
1980:(throughout the year)
1753:Fête de la Fédération
1679:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
1663:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
1647:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
1206:La Culte de la raison
957:and the execution of
740:were also persecuted.
396:Assemblée Legislative
168:Noblesse d’extraction
4425:Influential thinkers
4172:Jean-François Varlet
4072:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4067:Jean Bon Saint-André
3894:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
3816:Marquis de Condorcet
3665:Nicolas de Condorcet
3430:Dagobert von Wurmser
3263:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3206:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3121:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3056:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3046:Chapuis de Tourville
2588:Battle of Schliengen
2535:Battle of Theiningen
2456:Battle of Aldenhoven
2340:Battle of Wattignies
2309:Battle of Neerwinden
2123:Coup of 18 Fructidor
1636:Death of the Dauphin
1258:Cahiers de doléances
707:François-Noël Babeuf
392:Legislative Assembly
236:Constitution of 1793
229:Legislative Assembly
225:Constitution of 1791
216:Liberal monarchical
50:estates of the realm
4512:Mary Wollstonecraft
4290:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4077:Pierre Louis Prieur
4022:Jean-Henri Voulland
3997:Jacques-Louis David
3929:Jean Joseph Mounier
3630:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3268:Belgrand de Vaubois
3156:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3096:Emmanuel de Grouchy
2901:Treaty of Lunéville
2540:Battle of Neresheim
2485:Siege of Luxembourg
2464:Siege of Luxembourg
2419:Battle of Tourcoing
2350:Siege of Bellegarde
2177:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2089:Council of Ancients
1864:National Convention
1856:September Massacres
1832:Brunswick Manifesto
1824:France declares war
1591:Assembly of Vizille
1337:September Massacres
1172:American Revolution
691:September Massacres
641:Club des Feuillants
602:Political groupings
597:; abolished in 1807
553:Conseil des Anciens
549:Council of Ancients
430:National Convention
366:Assemblée Nationale
178:Noblesse de lettres
4350:Loménie de Brienne
4325:Madame de Lamballe
4260:Napoléon Bonaparte
4057:Prieur de la Marne
3972:Camille Desmoulins
3826:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
3702:Jean-Sifrein Maury
3697:Arnaud de La Porte
3553:Alexander Korsakov
3339:Count of Clerfayt
3258:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3171:Auguste de Marmont
3026:Napoléon Bonaparte
2917:Algeciras campaign
2909:Treaty of Florence
2787:Battle of Stockach
2620:Ireland expedition
2604:Battle of Calliano
2564:Battle of Rovereto
2556:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
2008:Law of 22 Prairial
1977:Anti-clerical laws
1952:The Death of Marat
1773:Flight to Varennes
1275:Flight to Varennes
1003:(9 November 1799).
790:– A tax to church.
717:Napoleon Bonaparte
156:noblesse de cloche
124:House of Bonaparte
4688:French Revolution
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4549:Cockade of France
4520:
4519:
4482:Antoine Lavoisier
4472:Benjamin Franklin
4452:Anacharsis Cloots
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4335:Louis de Breteuil
4177:Theophile Leclerc
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3558:Alexander Suvorov
3299:
3298:
3233:JĂłzef Poniatowski
3151:Étienne Macdonald
2955:
2954:
2856:Battle of Marengo
2819:Battle of Trebbia
2803:Battle of Cassano
2795:Battle of Magnano
2779:Battle of Ostrach
2681:Battle of Neuwied
2443:Battle of Fleurus
2427:Battle of Tournay
2304:War in the Vendée
2240:Royalist Revolts
2201:
2200:
1758:
1734:Abolition of the
1652:Tennis Court Oath
1644:National Assembly
1473:French Revolution
1217:"constitutionnel"
1196:Concordat of 1801
920:on 4 August 1789.
916:voted to abolish
639:– Members of the
362:National Assembly
44:The three estates
29:French Revolution
4710:
4629:
4617:Temple of Reason
4588:
4564:
4545:
4526:
4525:
4477:Thomas Jefferson
4421:
4420:
4340:de Chateaubriand
4270:Joseph Bonaparte
4265:Lucien Bonaparte
4255:Marie Antoinette
4210:
4209:
4197:Sylvain Maréchal
4152:François Hanriot
3987:Louis Philippe I
3914:Louis Philippe I
3909:Philippe Égalité
3851:Olympe de Gouges
3821:Charlotte Corday
3811:Étienne Clavière
3611:
3610:
3593:Antonio Ricardos
3578:
3577:
3563:Andrei Rosenberg
3543:
3542:
3513:
3512:
3488:
3487:
3458:Ralph Abercromby
3445:
3444:
3420:
3397:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3214:
3161:Marcellin Marbot
2984:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2965:Military leaders
2961:
2960:
2948:
2940:
2936:Treaty of Amiens
2921:
2913:
2905:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2839:
2838:(25–26 Sep 1799)
2831:
2823:
2822:(17–20 Jun 1799)
2815:
2807:
2806:(27–28 Apr 1799)
2799:
2791:
2783:
2782:(20–21 Mar 1799)
2775:
2767:
2763:Second Coalition
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2673:Treaty of Leoben
2669:
2661:
2660:(14–15 Jan 1797)
2657:Battle of Rivoli
2653:
2645:
2641:Italian campaign
2624:
2616:
2615:(15–17 Nov 1796)
2612:Battle of Arcole
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2548:Battle of Amberg
2544:
2531:
2523:
2519:Battle of Lonato
2515:
2511:Italian campaign
2489:
2468:
2460:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2385:
2384:(26–27 Dec 1793)
2372:
2364:
2326:
2318:
2314:Battle of Famars
2282:
2207:
2206:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2154:
2135:
2127:
2108:
2100:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1776:(20–21 Jun 1791)
1756:
1748:
1740:
1731:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1595:
1587:
1583:Day of the Tiles
1566:
1565:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1392:
1383:
1333:of the monarchy.
1295:Lettre de cachet
1052:Second Coalition
798:– A tax on wine.
774:– A tax on salt.
715:– Supporters of
594:Corps législatif
326:, also known as
162:Noblesse de race
150:noblesse de robe
130:was established.
120:House of Bourbon
4718:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4667:
4542:La Marseillaise
4531:
4530:Cultural impact
4516:
4426:
4407:
4374:
4330:Madame du Barry
4320:Catherine Théot
4310:Thérésa Tallien
4201:
4192:Gracchus Babeuf
4137:François Chabot
4094:
4086:
4007:Georges Couthon
4002:Marquis de Sade
3967:Jean-Paul Marat
3943:
3899:Bertrand Barère
3865:
3776:
3757:Boissy d'Anglas
3752:Madame de Staël
3717:Antoine Barnave
3685:
3678:
3669:
3616:
3597:
3572:
3567:
3537:
3532:
3507:
3502:
3482:
3477:
3439:
3434:
3418:
3395:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3353:
3340:
3329:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
3313:
3295:
3277:
3218:Nicolas Oudinot
3208:
3141:Claude Lecourbe
3136:Charles Leclerc
3031:Guillaume Brune
3001:Pierre Augereau
2971:
2966:
2951:
2946:
2944:Treaty of Paris
2938:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2497:
2487:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2404:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2362:
2360:Siege of Toulon
2324:
2316:
2299:First Coalition
2285:
2276:
2212:
2197:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2157:
2152:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1961:Law of Suspects
1955:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1909:
1907:Reign of Terror
1901:
1893:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1761:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1687:(4–11 Aug 1789)
1686:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1620:RĂ©veillon riots
1614:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1571:
1560:
1475:
1470:
1408:
1380:
1364:
1362:Further reading
1356:
1321:Reign of Terror
1241:
1184:
1145:
1134:– the militant
1088:
1021:First Coalition
1016:
1010:
991:General Joubert
937:
899:
825:
819:
750:
677:Reign of Terror
604:
453:Reign of Terror
451:) – During the
324:Estates-General
307:Estates-General
293:
213:
172:seize-quartiers
144:noblesse d'épée
112:
73:Second Estate (
46:
12:
11:
5:
4716:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4612:Cult of Reason
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4556:
4554:Flag of France
4551:
4546:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Jacques Necker
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Claire Lacombe
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:Jacques HĂ©bert
4103:
4101:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:Georges Danton
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Henri Grégoire
3802:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Camille Jordan
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3451:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3344:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2827:Battle of Novi
2824:
2816:
2814:(4–7 Jun 1799)
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2607:(6–7 Nov 1796)
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2522:(3–4 Aug 1796)
2516:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2493:Peace of Basel
2490:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Siege of Mainz
2332:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2266:
2264:Siege of Mainz
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2096:13 Vendémiaire
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1948:
1943:Levée en masse
1940:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1904:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1848:10th of August
1845:
1837:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1741:
1732:
1730:(Feb–Jul 1790)
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1393:
1391:. Vol. 3.
1384:
1379:978-1848854659
1378:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1262:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1220:
1209:
1202:Cult of Reason
1199:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1095:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1048:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
984:
978:
972:
965:13 Vendémiaire
962:
948:
936:
933:
932:
931:
924:10th of August
921:
907:
902:14 July – The
898:
895:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:Main article:
818:
815:
814:
813:
807:
799:
791:
783:
775:
767:
749:
743:
742:
741:
720:
710:
699:
693:
687:Georges Danton
683:Septembriseurs
680:
666:
651:
648:
634:
624:
603:
600:
599:
598:
581:
570:Premier Consul
558:
557:
556:
545:
499:
498:
497:
478:
467:
456:
426:
423:Georges Danton
419:
418:
417:
403:
388:
373:
358:
347:
332:Etats-Généraux
320:
310:
292:
289:
288:
287:
280:
273:
262:
251:
246:Constitution (
232:
221:
212:
209:
208:
207:
197:
183:
182:
181:
175:
170:, Nobility of
165:
159:
153:
147:
131:
111:
110:Social classes
108:
100:
99:
84:Third Estate (
82:
71:
62:First Estate (
45:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4715:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:Sans-culottes
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Metric system
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4422:
4418:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4396:Panthéon Club
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:Joachim Murat
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Gilbert Romme
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:de Cambacérès
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:Madame Roland
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:André Chénier
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Grace Elliott
3690:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3608:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Joseph Souham
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Joachim Murat
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:André Masséna
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2958:
2947:(25 Jun 1802)
2945:
2942:
2939:(25 Mar 1802)
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2915:
2912:(18 Mar 1801)
2910:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2867:(15 Jun 1800)
2865:
2862:
2859:(14 Jun 1800)
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2833:
2830:(15 Aug 1799)
2828:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2790:(25 Mar 1799)
2788:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2771:Siege of Acre
2769:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2743:
2742:Peasants' War
2740:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2692:(17 Oct 1797)
2690:
2687:
2684:(18 Apr 1797)
2682:
2679:
2676:(17 Apr 1797)
2674:
2671:
2668:(25 Jan 1797)
2666:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2652:(13 Jan 1797)
2650:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:(26 Oct 1796)
2589:
2586:
2583:(19 Oct 1796)
2581:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2551:(24 Aug 1796)
2549:
2546:
2543:(11 Aug 1796)
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:(26 Jun 1794)
2444:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2430:(22 May 1794)
2428:
2425:
2422:(18 May 1794)
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2405:(24 Apr 1794)
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:(13 Oct 1793)
2369:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2317:(23 May 1793)
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2191:
2188:(24 Dec 1799)
2186:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2172:(18 Jun 1799)
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:(11 May 1798)
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:(22 Aug 1795)
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2044:(11 Nov 1794)
2042:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2028:(28 Jul 1794)
2025:
2022:
2019:(27 Jul 1794)
2017:
2014:
2011:(10 Jun 1794)
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1972:(16 Oct 1793)
1970:
1967:
1964:(17 Sep 1793)
1962:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:(23 Aug 1793)
1944:
1941:
1938:(13 Jul 1793)
1936:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1894:(21 Jan 1793)
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1875:(22 Sep 1792)
1873:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:(10 Aug 1792)
1849:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1835:(25 Jul 1792)
1833:
1830:
1827:(20 Apr 1792)
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1792:(27 Aug 1791)
1790:
1787:
1784:(17 Jul 1791)
1782:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1757:(14 Jul 1790)
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:(12 Jul 1790)
1745:
1742:
1739:(23 Jun 1790)
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1695:(26 Aug 1789)
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:(14 Jul 1789)
1669:
1666:
1661:
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1655:(20 Jun 1789)
1653:
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1639:(4 June 1789)
1637:
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1626:
1623:(28 Apr 1789)
1621:
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1594:(21 Jul 1788)
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1499:Ancien RĂ©gime
1496:
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1489:
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1481:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1462:
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1399:
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1381:
1375:
1371:
1366:
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1359:
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1347:sans-culottes
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:ancien régime
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
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1233:
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1228:"réfractaire"
1225:
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1214:
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1193:
1189:
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1136:sans–culottes
1133:
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1125:
1122:
1120:
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1108:
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1100:
1096:
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942:
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929:
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922:
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910:4th of August
908:
905:
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867:
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852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
812:– A poll tax.
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
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789:
788:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
756:
752:
751:
747:
746:Ancien régime
739:
735:
730:
726:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
700:
697:
696:Thermidorians
694:
692:
688:
684:
681:
678:
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664:
660:
656:
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649:
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632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
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607:Royalists or
606:
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412:Further, the
411:
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389:
386:
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336:ancien régime
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302:ancien régime
298:
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211:Constitutions
205:
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107:
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103:Fourth Estate
97:
96:
95:sans-culottes
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:France were:
57:
56:
55:ancien régime
51:
41:
39:
35:
30:
25:
23:
19:
4633:Phrygian cap
4578:Bastille Day
4492:Thomas Paine
4447:Edmund Burke
4442:Beaumarchais
4436:Les Lumières
4434:
4275:Joseph Fesch
4187:Pauline LĂ©on
4157:Jacques Roux
4096:
3680:
3106:Lazare Hoche
3091:Paul Grenier
3061:Louis Desaix
2920:(8 Jul 1801)
2904:(9 Feb 1801)
2875:(3 Dec 1800)
2798:(5 Apr 1799)
2599:(6 Nov 1796)
2575:(8 Sep 1796)
2567:(4 Sep 1796)
2559:(3 Sep 1796)
2530:(5 Aug 1796)
2459:(2 Oct 1794)
2438:(1 Jun 1794)
2180:(9 Nov 1799)
2126:(4 Sep 1797)
2063:(1 Apr 1795)
2033:White Terror
2026:guillotined
2003:(5 Apr 1794)
1950:
1930:(2 Jun 1793)
1800:(3 Sep 1791)
1751:
1711:(2 Nov 1789)
1703:(5 Oct 1789)
1631:(5 May 1789)
1609:
1586:(7 Jun 1788)
1553:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1425:
1416:
1397:
1388:
1369:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1299:
1298:– Under the
1293:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1232:"insermenté"
1231:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1191:
1177:
1148:
1146:
1135:
1127:
1119:Marseillaise
1116:
1110:Phrygian cap
1099:Fleur-de-lys
1097:
975:18 Fructidor
955:the Mountain
888:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
763:
753:
745:
737:
733:
728:
722:
713:Bonapartists
682:
672:
669:The Mountain
658:
640:
631:Jacobin club
592:
569:
565:
552:
541:
506:
493:
485:
474:
463:
448:
438:Thermidorian
395:
380:
369:
365:
354:
350:
344:Third Estate
335:
331:
316:
300:
294:
247:
239:
218:constitution
203:
191:
185:
177:
171:
167:
161:
155:
149:
143:
137:
101:
93:
85:
79:la noblesse
78:
74:
67:
64:Premièr État
63:
53:
47:
26:
17:
15:
4502:Abbé Sieyès
4487:Montesquieu
4403:Social Club
4345:Jean Chouan
4235:Louis XVIII
4012:Roger Ducos
3982:Paul Barras
3949:Montagnards
3879:Abbé Sieyès
3682:monarchiens
3490:Netherlands
3419:(Hungarian)
3367:(Hungarian)
3283:French Navy
3209: [
3131:Jean Lannes
2988:French Army
2766:(1798–1802)
2737:(1798–1800)
2721:(1798–1801)
2451:Chouannerie
2412:(Pyrenees)
2277: [
2244:Chouannerie
2036:(Fall 1794)
2024:Robespierre
1331:Restoration
1327:Reactionary
1239:Other terms
1041:Netherlands
997:18 Brumaire
987:30 Prairial
959:Robespierre
951:9 Thermidor
941:22 Prairial
829:Vendémiaire
659:"Girondins"
621:Reactionary
609:Monarchists
531:18 Brumaire
519:monarchists
511:land reform
434:Montagnards
200:Bourgeoisie
90:bourgeoisie
75:Second État
4682:Categories
4391:Cordeliers
4305:Talleyrand
4230:Louis XVII
4092:HĂ©bertists
3846:Jean Debry
3676:Feuillants
3305:Opposition
3201:Michel Ney
2623:(Dec 1796)
2231:Thionville
2134:(Dec 1797)
2107:(May 1796)
2099:5 Oct 1795
2076:Directoire
1956:(painting)
1859:(Sep 1792)
1843:(Jun 1792)
1676:Great Fear
1615:(Jan 1789)
1506:Revolution
1407:0674177282
1354:References
1343:Tricoteuse
1288:guillotine
1282:Great Fear
1147:Cockades (
1012:See also:
981:22 Floréal
810:Capitation
663:Brissotins
637:Feuillants
574:plebiscite
507:Directoire
330:-General (
313:Parlements
244:Montagnard
126:after the
86:Tiers État
4225:Louis XVI
4220:Charles X
3871:The Plain
3782:Girondins
3722:Lafayette
3383:(Walloon)
3365:Pál Kray
3341:(Walloon)
2883:(1800–02)
2734:Quasi-War
2193:Consulate
2079:(1795–99)
1534:Consulate
1527:Directory
1246:Assignats
1224:Non–juror
1211:"Juror" (
1092:Tricolour
1001:Consulate
928:Tuileries
918:feudalism
884:Fructidor
879:Thermidor
803:Vingtième
562:Consulate
503:Directory
270:Consulate
259:Directory
187:Ci-devant
68:le clergé
4585:Panthéon
4573:Muscadin
4568:Marianne
4507:Voltaire
4386:Jacobins
4379:Factions
3919:Mirabeau
3375:(French)
2269:Jemappes
2253:Dauphiné
1736:Nobility
1548:Journals
1541:Glossary
1520:Republic
1492:Timeline
1213:"jureur"
1182:Religion
1159:republic
1150:cocardes
1143:Cockades
1079:revolted
1037:Sardinia
969:Napoleon
874:Messidor
869:Prairial
859:Germinal
849:PluviĂ´se
839:Frimaire
834:Brumaire
673:Montagne
645:republic
627:Jacobins
613:absolute
589:Orateurs
585:tribunat
566:Consulat
414:Sections
370:Communes
355:Communes
351:Communes
138:noblesse
134:Nobility
122:. Later
4467:Diderot
4213:Figures
4098:Enragés
3804:Father
3515:Prussia
3447:Britain
3396:(Saxon)
3354:(Swiss)
3321:Austria
1086:Symbols
1060:England
1056:Austria
1033:Prussia
1029:England
1025:Austria
864:Floréal
854:VentĂ´se
771:Gabelle
738:émigrés
734:émigrés
724:Émigrés
655:Gironde
116:Royalty
38:English
4206:Others
3545:Russia
2979:France
2644:(1797)
2514:(1796)
2249:Vendée
2226:Verdun
2053:1795–6
1996:Danton
1555:Museum
1485:Causes
1404:
1376:
1317:Terror
1309:" and
1253:Cahier
1138:anthem
1130:Ça ira
1102:– the
1075:Vendée
1068:Turkey
1066:, and
1064:Russia
1043:, and
1039:, The
912:– The
891:Year I
844:NivĂ´se
779:Taille
764:corvée
755:Corvée
661:) or "
619:. See
578:Empire
385:France
328:States
204:bourgs
128:Empire
4663:Films
3580:Spain
3213:]
2281:]
2274:Namur
2259:Lille
2236:Valmy
1311:right
1280:The "
1045:Spain
787:Tithe
748:taxes
729:elite
515:right
242:, or
16:This
4095:and
3679:and
2929:1802
2893:1801
2848:1800
2755:1799
2702:1798
2633:1797
2503:1796
2477:1795
2394:1794
2291:1793
2218:1792
2162:1799
2143:1798
2116:1797
1998:and
1989:1794
1884:1793
1817:1792
1766:1791
1720:1790
1603:1789
1576:1788
1402:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1307:Left
1126:The
1115:The
1104:lily
1073:The
1050:The
1019:The
795:Aide
653:The
615:and
583:The
560:The
547:The
536:The
527:left
523:coup
501:The
480:The
469:The
458:The
443:The
428:The
405:The
390:The
375:The
360:The
349:The
322:The
299:The
282:The
275:The
264:The
253:The
234:The
223:The
48:The
3455:Sir
1230:),
1008:War
52:in
4684::
3211:fr
2279:fr
1204:,
1062:,
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1035:,
1031:,
1027:,
118:–
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1190:(
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