2421:
of natural languages can be repurposed for conlangs, posting of interesting short texts as translation challenges, and meta-discussion about the philosophy of conlanging, conlangers' purposes, and whether conlanging is an art or a hobby. Another 2001 survey by
Patrick Jarrett showed an average age of 30.65, with the average time since starting to invent languages 11.83 years. A more recent thread on the ZBB showed that many conlangers spend a relatively small amount of time on any one conlang, moving from one project to another; about a third spend years on developing the same language.
1468:
2433:
48:
2413:, and its own terminology. Sarah Higley reports from results of her surveys that the demographics of the Conlang list are primarily men from North America and western Europe, with a smaller number from Oceania, Asia, the Middle East, and South America, with an age range from thirteen to over sixty; the number of women participating has increased over time.
1701:
2917:"My hypothesis was that if I constructed a language designed specifically to provide a more adequate mechanism for expressing women's perceptions, women would (a) embrace it and begin using it, or (b) embrace the idea but not the language, say "Elgin, you've got it all wrong!" and construct some other "women's language" to replace it."
2420:
Bulletin Board (ZBB; since 2001) and the
Conlanger Bulletin Board. Discussion on these forums includes presentation of members' conlangs and feedback from other members, discussion of natural languages, whether particular conlang features have natural language precedents, and how interesting features
286:
consider their language artificial, since they assert that it has no invented content: Interlingua's vocabulary is taken from a small set of natural languages, and its grammar is based closely on these source languages, even including some degree of irregularity; its proponents prefer to describe its
439:
reasons would also be classifiable as an artistic language; one created with philosophical motives could include being used as an auxiliary language. There are no rules, either inherent in the process of language construction or externally imposed, that would limit a constructed language to fitting
341:
change. In contrast with languages such as
Interlingua, naturalistic fictional languages are not usually intended for easy learning or communication. Thus, naturalistic fictional languages tend to be more difficult and complex. While Interlingua has simpler grammar, syntax, and orthography than its
572:, Pinker states that children spontaneously re-invent slang and even grammar with each generation. These linguists argue that attempts to control the range of human thought through the reform of language would fail, as concepts like "freedom" will reappear in new words if the old words vanish.
582:
Another reason cited for using a constructed language is the telescope rule, which claims that it takes less time to first learn a simple constructed language and then a natural language, than to learn only a natural language. Thus, if someone wants to learn
English, some suggest learning
2362:
However, Peterson also expressed concern that the respective rights-holders—regardless of whether or not their ownership of the rights is legitimate—would be likely to sue individuals who publish material in said languages, especially if the author might profit from said material.
702:
book series, the language should be easily pronounced by actors, and should fit with and incorporate any fragments of the language already invented by the book's author, and preferably also fit with any personal names of fictional speakers of the language.
515:
is sometimes cited; this claims that the language one speaks influences the way one thinks. Thus, a "better" language should allow the speaker to think more clearly or intelligently or to encompass more points of view; this was the intention of
2397:. The Conlang Mailing List was founded in 1991, and later split off an AUXLANG mailing list dedicated to international auxiliary languages. In the early to mid-1990s a few conlang-related zines were published as email or websites, such as
1661:. Athenaeus recounts a story told by Heracleides of Lembos that Alexarchus "introduced a peculiar vocabulary, referring to a rooster as a "dawn-crier", a barber as a "mortal-shaver", a drachma as "worked silver", ... and a herald as an
2116:; within a decade, 283 Volapükist clubs were counted all over the globe. However, disagreements between Schleyer and some prominent users of the language led to schism, and by the mid-1890s it fell into obscurity, making way for
2168:(2010) is a spoken language that is optimized for communication between machines and humans. The major goals of ROILA are that it should be easily learnable by the human user, and optimized for efficient recognition by computer
311:
204:
means the prescriptions given to a natural language to standardize it; in this regard, even a "natural language" may be artificial in some respects, meaning some of its words have been crafted by conscious decision.
2377:, an attempted composite reconstruction of up to a dozen extinct Tasmanian indigenous languages, and has asked Knowledge to remove its page on the project. However, there is no current legal backing for the claim.
758:
language is any constructed language with some features which are not based on existing languages. Instead these features are invented or elaborated to work differently or to allude to different purposes. Some
2024:
languages moved more and more to the lunatic fringe. Individual authors, typically unaware of the history of the idea, continued to propose taxonomic philosophical languages until the early 20th century (e.g.
2359:, advocated a similar opinion, saying that "Theoretically, anyone can publish anything using any language I created, and, in my opinion, neither I nor anyone else should be able to do anything about it."
2186:
Artists may use language as a source of creativity in art, poetry, or calligraphy, or as a metaphor to address themes as cultural diversity and the vulnerability of the individual in a globalized world.
2190:
Some people prefer however to take pleasure in constructing, crafting a language by a conscious decision for reasons of literary enjoyment or aesthetic reasons without any claim of usefulness. Such
2370:—but those courses are licensed by the respective copyright holders. Because only a few such disputes have occurred thus far, the legal consensus on ownership of languages remains uncertain.
221:, are rule-based codifications of natural languages, such codifications being a middle ground between naïve natural selection and development of language and its explicit construction. The term
468:
As soon as a constructed language has a community of fluent speakers, especially if it has numerous native speakers, it begins to evolve and hence loses its constructed status. For example,
2366:
Furthermore, comprehensive learning material for such constructed languages as High
Valyrian and Klingon has been published and made freely accessible on the language-learning platform
1987:. These projects were not only occupied with reducing or modelling grammar, but also with the arrangement of all human knowledge into "characters" or hierarchies, an idea that with the
2330:
The matter of whether or not a constructed language can be owned or protected by intellectual property laws, or if it would even be possible to enforce those laws, is contentious.
435:
The boundaries between these categories are by no means clear. A constructed language could easily fall into more than one of the above categories. A logical language created for
575:
Proponents claim a particular language makes it easier to express and understand concepts in one area, and more difficult in others. An example can be taken from the way various
4078:
2345:, among other creative elements. During the controversy, Marc Okrand, the language's original designer expressed doubt as to whether Paramount's claims of ownership were valid.
2865:
342:
source languages (though more complex and irregular than
Esperanto or its descendants), naturalistic fictional languages typically mimic behaviors of natural languages like
2241:
the existence of a complete language, or whatever portions of the language are needed for the story. Constructed languages are a regular part of the genre, appearing in
1983:
of 1678, aiming at a lexicon of characters upon which the user might perform calculations that would yield true propositions automatically, as a side-effect developing
591:
and other grammatical quirks. Some studies have found that learning
Esperanto helps in learning a non-constructed language later (see propaedeutic value of Esperanto).
2482:
189:
is sometimes used to indicate international auxiliary languages and other languages designed for actual use in human communication. Some prefer it to the adjective
4445:
30:
This article is about the creation of planned or artificial human languages. For information about the linguistic field of language planning and policy, see
542:, where they were used to test the applicant's ability to infer and apply grammatical rules. By the same token, a constructed language might also be used to
2004:
Leibniz and the encyclopedists realized that it is impossible to organize human knowledge unequivocally in a tree diagram, and consequently to construct an
2141:
783:, created for either personal use or for use in a fictional medium, employ consciously constructed grammars and vocabularies, and are best understood as
2648:
1583:
in
Hermogenes's contention that words are not inherently linked to what they refer to; that people apply "a piece of their own voice ... to the thing".
508:, a 1903 collection of early texts in the language, require many footnotes on the syntactic and lexical differences between early and modern Esperanto.
1809:
was a project of a perfect language with which the infidels could be convinced of the truth of the
Christian faith. It was basically an application of
303:
also avoid the term "artificial language" because they deny that there is anything "unnatural" about the use of their language in human communication.
2947:
1692:
constructed a set of rules for explaining language, so that the text of his grammar may be considered a mixture of natural and constructed language.
731:, "from the former") constructed language is one whose features (including vocabulary, grammar, etc.) are not based on an existing language, and an
282:
The terms "planned", "constructed", "invented", "fictional", and "artificial" are used differently in some traditions. For example, few speakers of
682:
One constraint on a constructed language is that if it was constructed to be a natural language for use by fictional foreigners or aliens, as with
2710:
3614:
3430:
In the Land of
Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build A Perfect Language
779:, try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. Finally, many
4487:
129:) are languages that have been purposefully designed; they are the result of deliberate, controlling intervention and are thus of a form of
4467:
2133:
2001:, or purely written languages with no spoken form or a spoken form that would vary greatly according to the native language of the reader.
500:
and other languages spoken by revivalists. Zuckermann therefore endorses the translation of the Hebrew Bible into what he calls "Israeli".
316:
through arbitrary institutions and the conventions of peoples. Voices, as the dialecticians say, don't signify naturally, but capriciously.
295:
have been removed. As with Interlingua, some prefer to describe its development as "planning" rather than "constructing". Some speakers of
767:
that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for
3202:
2920:
504:
as a living spoken language has evolved significantly from the prescriptive blueprint published in 1887, so that modern editions of the
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913:
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1669:"He once wrote something ... to the public authorities in Casandreia ... As for what this letter says, in my opinion not even the
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1202:
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challenged a fan film project called Axanar, stating the project infringed upon their intellectual property, which included the
2237:
works set in other worlds to feature constructed languages, or more commonly, an extremely limited but defined vocabulary which
1745:
The earliest non-natural languages were considered less "constructed" than "super-natural", mystical, or divinely inspired. The
1084:, is any constructed language whose elements are borrowed from or based on existing languages. The term can also be extended to
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A constructed language can have native speakers if young children learn it from parents who speak it fluently. According to
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1930:
The Groundwork or Foundation laid (or So Intended) for the Framing of a New Perfect Language and a Universal Common Writing
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2093:. During the 19th century, a bewildering variety of such International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) were proposed, so that
2220:
developed families of related fictional languages and discussed artistic languages publicly, giving a lecture entitled "
1688:), they were not used to construct new grammars. Roughly contemporary to Plato, in his descriptive grammar of Sanskrit,
3462:
2804:
2144:. The success of Esperanto did not stop others from trying to construct new auxiliary languages, such as Leslie Jones'
2137:
267:
census of 2010 found that in Russia there were about 992 speakers of Esperanto (the 120th most common) and nine of the
34:. For languages that naturally emerge in computer simulations or controlled psychological experiments with humans, see
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argues that Modern Hebrew, which he terms "Israeli", is a Semito-European hybrid based not only on Hebrew but also on
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language is the opposite. This categorization, however, is not absolute, as many constructed languages may be called
3704:
3654:
2227:
2066:
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143:
1742:—the Irish language. This appears to be the first mention of the concept of a constructed language in literature.
1732:, and he and his scholars studied the various languages for ten years, taking the best features of each to create
4212:
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While the mechanisms of grammar suggested by classical philosophers were designed to explain existing languages (
1500:
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first. Constructed languages like Esperanto and Interlingua are in fact often simpler due to the typical lack of
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have had more modest goals; some are limited to a specific field, like mathematical formalism or calculus (e.g.
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pronunciation, rather than engineered from scratch, and has undergone considerable changes since the state of
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thread on Conlang mailing list, 27 August 2008 (should be archived more persistently than the ZBB thread)
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1972:
1753:, is an example, and apparently the first entirely artificial language. It is a form of private mystical
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of natural languages, and is most commonly used to refer to vocabulary despite other features. Likewise,
588:
17:
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3066:, "Al la historio de la Provoj de Lingvoj Tutmondaj de Leibnitz ĝis la Nuna Tempo", 1884. Reprinted in
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languages, tempered by the requirement of usability of an auxiliary language. Thus far, these modern
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or an associated constructed setting an added layer of realism; for experimentation in the fields of
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contexts), but they only seem to gain notability as serious projects beginning in the 20th century.
511:
Proponents of constructed languages often have many reasons for using them. The famous but disputed
306:
By contrast, some philosophers have argued that all human languages are conventional or artificial.
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1984:
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Various papers on constructed languages were published from the 1970s through the 1990s, such as
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critically reviewed the projects of philosophical languages of the preceding century. After the
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The 17th century saw the rise of projects for "philosophical" or "a priori" languages, such as:
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772:
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2132:, the most recent auxlang to gain a significant number of speakers, emerged in 1951, when the
1859:, attempted to show how all languages can be reduced to one. In the 17th century, interest in
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The Conlang Flag, a symbol of language construction created by subscribers to the CONLANG
8:
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Esperanto is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language.
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1708:. This three-page foldout from the manuscript includes a chart that appears astronomical.
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vocabulary and grammar as standardized rather than artificial or constructed. Similarly,
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There are many possible reasons to create a constructed language, such as to ease human
4363:
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2884:, ed. L. L. Zamenhof, 1903; 18th edition with footnotes by Gaston Waringhien, UEA 1992.
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780:
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39:
3536:, a typological database of conlangs, based on the World Atlas of Language Structures.
3318:(constructed languages), and the study of artificial languages and related matters is
325:
if they model real world languages. For example, if a naturalistic conlang is derived
4546:
4132:
4104:
4068:
4031:
3964:
3844:
3637:
3548:, a conlanging tools website, with documentation for over 5000 constructed languages.
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from another language (real or constructed), it should imitate natural processes of
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By the beginning of the first decade of the 21st century, it had become common for
2217:
1890:
1860:
1817:, Lullian and Kabbalistic ideas were drawn upon in a magical context, resulting in
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grammatical speculation was directed at recovering the original language spoken by
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Create a sentence most people understand, by using common words between languages.
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Designed Languages for Communicative Needs within and between Language Communities
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was possibly the first fiction of that century to feature a constructed language.
95:, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a
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4172:
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2351:, a linguist who created multiple well-known constructed languages including the
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2770:, Œuvres complètes, III, 19 (Paris: Seuil, 1973). Also cited in Claude Piron,
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make it easier to write certain kinds of programs and harder to write others.
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4117:
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2853:, Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Journal of Language Contact, Varia 2, pp. 40–67 (2009).
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2013:
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In terms of purpose, most constructed languages can broadly be divided into:
256:
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3478:, 24 August 2007 (Originally published as "In their own words -- literally")
2741:"Kiom da esperantistoj en Ruslando? Ne malpli ol 992 – La Ondo de Esperanto"
2154:(1955) and its descendants constitute a pragmatic return to the aims of the
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argue that ideas exist independently of language. For example, in the book
52:
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3295:
thread on Zompist Bulletin Board, 15 August 2008; accessed 26 August 2008.
1123:, the prevalence and distribution of respectable traits is often the key.
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4003:
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3814:
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2226:" in 1931 at a congress. (Orwell's Newspeak is considered a satire of an
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is also used to mean language construction, particularly construction of
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84:
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3083:
312:
It is a misuse of terms to say that we have natural language; languages
4303:
3869:
3759:
2609:
1998:
1868:
1782:
1762:
1492: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1432:
1286:
1274:
1170:
1092:(auxiliary languages for speakers of a particular language family) are
808:
472:
and its pronunciation norms were developed from existing traditions of
445:
436:
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292:
260:
88:
4197:
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3256:
by Sarah L. Higley. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.1 (2000). (
3001:
2851:
Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns
2495:
2249:
2243:
2145:
2117:
2008:
language based on such a classification of concepts. Under the entry
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76:
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3254:
Audience, Uglossia, and Conlang: Inventing Languages on the Internet
1975:
that were intended to result in both spoken and written expression.
1467:
879:
521:
4313:
4229:
4207:
4142:
4041:
3986:
3952:
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wrote a short proposition of a "laconic" or regularized grammar of
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607:" for conlangs; however, some constructed languages have their own
551:
321:
Furthermore, fictional or experimental languages can be considered
218:
72:
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4147:
1103:
due to their intended function as a medium of communication, many
941:
461:, attempted to raise his son as a native (bilingual with English)
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Crowdfunded 'Star Trek' Movie Draws Lawsuit from Paramount, CBS
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when considering some linguistic factors, and at the same time
628:
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264:
236:
411:), devised for interlinguistic or international communication;
47:
4383:
4308:
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3396:. Paris: Hachette. With Léopold Leau. Republished 2001, Olms.
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1677:
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1006:
799:
723:
380:
214:
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3276:, Conlang list posting by Patrick Jarrett, 13 September 2001
1965:
Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
423:), devised to create aesthetic pleasure or humorous effect (
4343:
3998:
3714:
3571:
3545:
3533:
2318:
848:
147:
3521:, a nonprofit dedicated to all forms of language creation.
2483:
ISO, SIL, and BCP language codes for constructed languages
2108:
The first of these that made any international impact was
492:
was founded in 1948 (Hetzron 1990:693). However, linguist
3754:
2409:
with its own customs, such as translation challenges and
2334:
1298:
660:
539:
271:
252:
38:. For languages with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, see
3227:"How did you find out that there were other conlangers?"
2711:"18. Demográfiai adatok – Központi Statisztikai Hivatal"
2405:. The Conlang mailing list has developed a community of
1913:
17th and 18th century: advent of philosophical languages
1589:
tells the story of two figures: Dionysius of Sicily and
2162:
languages have garnered only small groups of speakers.
1761:). An important example from Middle-Eastern culture is
193:, as this term may be perceived as pejorative. Outside
178:. Some people may also make constructed languages as a
99:. A constructed language may also be referred to as an
4446:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
3518:
3409:
A priori artificial languages (Languages of the world)
3401:Étude sur la dérivation dans la langue internationales
1700:
706:
2948:"The First SAT Tested Students Using a Fake Language"
2416:
More recently founded online communities include the
2325:
1847:
directed efforts towards a perfect written language.
1126:
3264:, media-culture.org.au site sometimes has problems.)
2900:"John Quijada and Ithkuil, the Language He Invented"
2428:
2373:
The Tasmanian Aboriginal Center claims ownership of
310:'s fictional giant Pantagruel, for instance, said: "
1971:These early taxonomic conlangs produced systems of
1080:, "from the latter"), according to French linguist
431:
are also usually classified as artistic languages).
346:and nouns, and complicated phonological processes.
277:
3427:
3229:Conlang list posting by And Rosta, 14 October 2007
3000:
2872:, Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Jerusalem Post, 18 May 2009.
1997:. Many of these 17th–18th centuries conlangs were
1135:
291:(LsF) is a simplification of Latin from which the
1564:
1209:
790:
4528:
3557:Department of Planned Languages Esperanto Museum
3542:, focusing on international auxiliary languages.
2996:
2994:
3371:
2799:(1st ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 21–22.
2380:
2148:, which mixes elements of English and Spanish.
2755:"The Process of Inventing Fictional Languages"
1695:
896:
534:. Constructed languages have been included in
367:), further subdivided into logical languages (
3608:
3425:
2991:
1893:from the Renaissance were often tied up with
1785:project for an ideal language is outlined in
3406:
3347:
3057:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2134:International Auxiliary Language Association
2061:19th and 20th centuries: auxiliary languages
1402:
1115:. In distinguishing whether the language is
232:Conlang speakers are rare. For example, the
3457:(1st ed.). Penguin Books. p. 22.
3314:Artificial languages are informally called
3267:
1657:of Macedon, was the founder of the city of
3615:
3601:
2230:rather than an artistic language proper.)
1736:("the selected language"), which he named
3622:
3572:Henrik Theiling's (Con)Language Resources
3232:
3220:
3200:
2887:
2822:by Raymond Brown. Accessed 8 August 2008
2658:
1712:A legend recorded in the seventh-century
1552:Learn how and when to remove this message
873:
3452:
2794:
1699:
1058:
863:(aka Unilingua) by Noubar Agopoff (1966)
46:
4432:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
3279:
3186:Can you copyright a fictional language?
3180:
3178:
2918:
2646:Planned languages and language planning
2041:), others are designed for eliminating
1883:in 1623 spoke of a "natural language" (
1813:on a given set of concepts. During the
1641:"thrown against someone") for standard
451:who speak Esperanto as a first language
14:
4529:
3274:"Update mailing list statistics—FINAL"
2945:
2831:
2686:"Hungarian Central Statistical Office"
2673:Hildegard of Bingen's Unknown Language
2655:(PDF), Austrian National Library, 2019
1824:
1749:, recorded in the 12th century by St.
1000:
524:, a feminist language embodied in her
3596:
3394:Les nouvelles langues internationales
3084:http://game.salburg.com/hymmnoserver/
2790:
2788:
243:, and the census of 2001 found 10 of
3589:, a Reddit community for conlangers.
3552:Garrett's Links to Logical Languages
3534:Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
3378:. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
3175:
2921:"Interview With Suzette Haden Elgin"
2322:series of computer adventure games.
1905:. A non-mystic musical language was
1901:, sometimes also referred to as the
1490:adding citations to reliable sources
1461:
746:
3354:The search for the perfect language
3023:The search for the perfect language
3020:
2832:Derian, James Der (1 August 1999).
2522:Language modelling and translation
2053:) or maximizing conciseness (e.g.,
1569:Grammatical speculation dates from
1111:in design—many for the purposes of
1099:While most auxiliary languages are
696:series, which was adapted from the
24:
2785:
2457:Aboriginal constructed languages:
2326:Ownership of constructed languages
1799:vernacular suited for literature.
1795:, where he searches for the ideal
1417:(c. Vanuatu Oceanic, 19th century)
932:for the science-fiction franchise
440:only one of the above categories.
209:, which date to ancient times for
25:
4563:
4439:In the Land of Invented Languages
3483:
3201:Robertson, Adi (13 August 2014).
2621:In the Land of Invented Languages
2564:Spontaneous emergence of grammar
2103:Histoire de la langue universelle
1256:international auxiliary languages
803:international auxiliary languages
765:international auxiliary languages
409:International Auxiliary Languages
379:, devised for experimentation in
2431:
2395:The Journal of Planned Languages
2228:international auxiliary language
2067:International auxiliary language
1843:, and first encounters with the
1765:, invented in the 16th century.
1466:
743:when considering other factors.
278:Planned, constructed, artificial
239:of 2011 found 8,397 speakers of
144:international auxiliary language
3434:. Spiegel & Grau. pp.
3247:
3194:
3159:
3143:
3118:
3073:
3039:
3025:. London: Fontana. p. 53.
3014:
2965:
2946:Garber, Megan (16 April 2013).
2939:
2911:
2875:
2856:
2844:
2825:
2813:
1863:languages was continued by the
1833:, notably the discovery of the
1477:needs additional citations for
595:Codes for constructed languages
3327:
3308:
2834:"Hollywood at War: The Sequel"
2761:
2747:
2733:
2703:
2678:
2634:
2138:Interlingua–English Dictionary
1979:had a similar purpose for his
1625:"it remains in one place" and
1613:"husband") for standard Greek
1565:Ancient linguistic experiments
1210:Controlled auxiliary languages
91:, instead of having developed
13:
1:
4511:List of constructed languages
3577:Jörg Rhiemeier's Conlang Page
3455:The Art of Language Invention
3340:
3151:Can you copyright a language?
2797:The Art of Language Invention
2448:List of constructed languages
2105:(1903) reviewed 38 projects.
2083:Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve
1991:would ultimately lead to the
1629:"it is strong") for standard
1429:(Aboriginal Australian, 1992)
1359:
1328:
1028:
763:languages are designed to be
562:. However, linguists such as
3509:Resources in other libraries
2675:. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
2439:Constructed languages portal
2381:Modern conlang organizations
2077:attention began to focus on
1597:Dionysius of Sicily created
1573:, appearing for instance in
771:languages. Others, known as
27:Consciously devised language
7:
3472:"Babel's modern architects"
3403:. Paris: Delagrave. 100 p.
3375:The World's Major Languages
3298:"Average life of a conlang"
3286:"Average life of a conlang"
2973:"Artificial language tests"
2424:
2235:science fiction and fantasy
2175:
1973:hierarchical classification
1696:Early constructed languages
349:
10:
4568:
3189:Copyright Licensing Agency
2840:– via www.wired.com.
2516:List of language inventors
2179:
2166:Robot Interaction Language
2064:
1457:
1406:
1017:, 19th century or earlier)
974:for the television series
944:by Sylvia Sotomayor (1998)
857:by W. John Weilgart (1962)
455:Klingon Language Institute
29:
4516:List of language creators
4501:
4455:
4404:
4356:
4296:
4097:
4012:
3913:
3703:
3692:
3630:
3561:Austrian National Library
3519:Language Creation Society
3504:Resources in your library
3244:at Steve Brewer's website
3203:"Can you own a language?"
2868:16 September 2011 at the
2573:June and Jennifer Gibbons
2501:Language Construction Kit
2272:Atlantis: The Lost Empire
1673:could make sense of it."
1403:Zonal auxiliary languages
1160:Atlantis: The Lost Empire
1090:zonal auxiliary languages
851:by Rikichi Okamoto (1962)
3453:Peterson, David (2015).
3399:Couturat, Louis (1910).
3392:Couturat, Louis (1907).
3372:Comrie, Bernard (1990).
2795:Peterson, David (2015).
2628:
2578:Nicaraguan Sign Language
2526:Knowledge representation
1829:Renaissance interest in
1409:Zonal auxiliary language
1242:(SW Ugandan Bantu, 1990)
526:feminist science fiction
4488:Interlingue/Interlingua
3655:International auxiliary
3567:The Conlanger's Library
2919:Glatzer, Jenna (2007).
2715:www.nepszamlalas2001.hu
869:by Staren Fetcey (1978)
835:by Edward Foster (1906)
373:philosophical languages
111:, or (in some cases) a
55:, which represents the
4193:Middle-earth languages
3426:Okrent, Arika (2009).
3068:Fundamenta Krestomatio
2882:Fundamenta Krestomatio
2820:The "Conlang Triangle"
2600:Linguistic determinism
2487:Language construction
2120:, proposed in 1887 by
2114:Johann Martin Schleyer
2112:, proposed in 1879 by
1709:
1653:, the brother of King
1501:"Constructed language"
1147:by Andrew Smith (1996)
892:by John Quijada (2011)
874:Experimental languages
699:A Song of Ice and Fire
611:language codes (e.g. "
513:Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
506:Fundamenta Krestomatio
449:, there are "200–2000
377:experimental languages
60:
4537:Constructed languages
4468:Esperanto/Interlingua
4369:Esperanto orthography
3948:Pan-Germanic language
3730:Communicationssprache
3624:Constructed languages
3476:The Los Angeles Times
3407:Libert, Alan (2000).
3357:. Oxford: Blackwell.
3126:"Hymmnoserver - Main"
3021:Eco, Umberto (1997).
2651:25 April 2023 at the
2605:Linguistic relativity
2558:Language of the birds
2387:Glossopoeic Quarterly
2256:The Lord of the Rings
2081:auxiliary languages.
2043:syntactical ambiguity
2039:programming languages
1903:language of the birds
1792:De vulgari eloquentia
1703:
1651:Alexarchus of Macedon
1205:by Naxikeestan (2023)
919:The Lord of the Rings
577:programming languages
569:The Language Instinct
207:Prescriptive grammars
50:
3960:Pan-Romance language
3835:Latino sine flexione
3540:Blueprints For Babel
3525:Constructed language
3495:Constructed language
3291:14 June 2011 at the
3260:16 June 2005 at the
3130:hymmnoserver.uguu.ca
2774:(L'Harmattan, 1994)
2531:Language translation
2214:Edgar Rice Burroughs
2140:and an accompanying
2031:engineered languages
1779:confusion of tongues
1730:confusion of tongues
1486:improve this article
1441:(Finno-Ugric, 2000s)
1216:Latino sine flexione
813:Fazlallah Astarabadi
484:following a general
360:Engineered languages
289:Latino sine flexione
123:engineered languages
65:constructed language
59:against a rising sun
3977:Pan-Slavic language
3474:, by Amber Dance.
3191:, 26 September 2019
3170:Hollywood Reporter,
3047:"Logopandecteision"
2908:, 24 December 2012.
2863:Let my people know!
2772:Le Défi des Langues
2743:. 18 December 2011.
2568:Artificial language
2333:In a 2015 lawsuit,
2194:begin to appear in
2029:), but most recent
1849:Johannes Trithemius
1825:Perfecting language
1751:Hildegard of Bingen
1718:Auraicept na n-Éces
1571:Classical Antiquity
1181:Jan van Steenbergen
1086:controlled versions
1001:Community languages
884:Suzette Haden Elgin
777:taxonomic languages
518:Suzette Haden Elgin
453:". A member of the
396:Auxiliary languages
211:classical languages
36:artificial language
4364:Constructed script
3840:Lingua Franca Nova
3820:International Sign
2615:Universal language
2583:Origin of language
2548:Mystical languages
2511:Language regulator
2411:translation relays
2353:Valyrian languages
2339:Paramount Pictures
2295:Valyrian languages
2209:A Princess of Mars
2192:artistic languages
2170:speech recognition
2085:in the article on
1710:
1706:Voynich manuscript
1385:Lingua Franca Nova
1193:for the TV series
1139:artistic languages
1105:artistic languages
900:artistic languages
781:artistic languages
669:Lingua Franca Nova
536:standardized tests
494:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
429:mystical languages
416:Artistic languages
227:artistic languages
172:role-playing games
114:fictional language
61:
40:synthetic language
4524:
4523:
4379:Tolkien's scripts
4352:
4351:
4069:Logopandecteision
4032:Dutton Speedwords
3965:Neolatino Romance
3845:Lingwa de planeta
3490:Library resources
3445:978-0-385-52788-0
3411:. Lincom Europa.
3106:Missing or empty
2977:What's in a Brain
2768:François Rabelais
2671:Sarah L. Higley:
2541:Universal grammar
2491:Artificial script
2349:David J. Peterson
2291:Dothraki language
2182:Artistic language
1945:Logopandecteision
1891:Musical languages
1887:) of the senses.
1639:balletai enantion
1562:
1561:
1554:
1536:
1397:Lingwa de planeta
1113:alternate history
308:François Rabelais
202:language planning
168:artistic creation
160:cognitive science
132:language planning
119:Planned languages
109:invented language
32:language planning
16:(Redirected from
4559:
4542:Interlinguistics
4473:Esperanto/Novial
4297:Ritual and other
4138:Elvish languages
4059:Lingua generalis
4047:Astrolinguistics
3701:
3700:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3468:
3449:
3433:
3422:
3389:
3368:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3321:interlinguistics
3312:
3301:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3251:
3245:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3192:
3182:
3173:
3172:30 December 2015
3163:
3157:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3081:game.salburg.com
3077:
3071:
3064:Leopold Einstein
3061:
3055:
3054:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3010:. Book III.
2998:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2979:. 26 August 2013
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2923:. Archived from
2915:
2909:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2792:
2783:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2717:. Archived from
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2656:
2640:Klaus Schubert,
2638:
2593:Poto and Cabengo
2453:Interlinguistics
2441:
2436:
2435:
2343:Klingon language
2218:J. R. R. Tolkien
1981:lingua generalis
1926:A Common Writing
1734:in Bérla tóbaide
1704:Page 68r of the
1637:"javelin" (from
1557:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1494:
1470:
1462:
1435:(Germanic, 1995)
1364:
1361:
1333:
1330:
1234:Learning English
1033:
1030:
922:(published 1954)
914:J. R. R. Tolkien
843:Kenneth Searight
811:, attributed to
674:
666:
658:
654:
646:
638:
634:
626:
618:
614:
606:
425:secret languages
317:
255:and one each of
187:planned language
164:machine learning
21:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4497:
4478:Ido/Interlingua
4451:
4425:Bridge of Words
4400:
4348:
4292:
4102:
4093:
4008:
3909:
3830:Langue nouvelle
3706:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3626:
3621:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3465:
3446:
3419:
3386:
3365:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3293:Wayback Machine
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3262:Wayback Machine
3252:
3248:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3199:
3195:
3183:
3176:
3165:Gardner, Eriq,
3164:
3160:
3154:Translate Media
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3062:
3058:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3019:
3015:
3007:Deipnosophistae
2999:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2927:on 12 June 2007
2916:
2912:
2897:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2870:Wayback Machine
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2793:
2786:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2721:on 17 June 2018
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2659:
2653:Wayback Machine
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2478:Cant (language)
2437:
2430:
2427:
2403:Model Languages
2383:
2328:
2286:Game of Thrones
2198:literature (in
2184:
2178:
2071:Already in the
2069:
2063:
2020:, projects for
1985:binary calculus
1951:George Dalgarno
1937:Thomas Urquhart
1922:Francis Lodwick
1915:
1827:
1787:Dante Alighieri
1698:
1621:"pillar" (from
1605:"virgin" (from
1567:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1495:
1493:
1483:
1471:
1460:
1423:(Romance, 1956)
1411:
1405:
1362:
1331:
1258:
1248:(English, 2004)
1236:(English, 1959)
1230:(Manding, 1949)
1224:(English, 1925)
1212:
1141:
1133:
1096:by definition.
1064:
1031:
1003:
977:Game of Thrones
902:
876:
805:
797:
752:
716:
693:Game of Thrones
672:
664:
656:
652:
644:
636:
632:
624:
616:
612:
602:
589:irregular verbs
558:thought, as in
546:thought, as in
482:Biblical Hebrew
478:Mishnaic Hebrew
459:d'Armond Speers
352:
344:irregular verbs
280:
185:The expression
97:work of fiction
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Real Character
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3974:
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3972:
3967:
3957:
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3919:
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3911:
3910:
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3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3796:
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3784:
3783:
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3772:
3767:
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3757:
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3690:
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3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3634:
3632:
3631:Classification
3628:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
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3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:External links
3482:
3480:
3479:
3469:
3464:978-0143126461
3463:
3450:
3444:
3423:
3417:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3278:
3266:
3246:
3231:
3219:
3193:
3174:
3158:
3149:Bhana, Yusuf,
3142:
3117:
3072:
3056:
3038:
3031:
3013:
3004:of Naucratis.
2990:
2964:
2938:
2910:
2905:The New Yorker
2886:
2874:
2855:
2843:
2824:
2812:
2806:978-0143126461
2805:
2784:
2760:
2746:
2732:
2702:
2677:
2657:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2426:
2423:
2382:
2379:
2327:
2324:
2180:Main article:
2177:
2174:
2136:published its
2122:L. L. Zamenhof
2095:Louis Couturat
2065:Main article:
2062:
2059:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1933:
1914:
1911:
1853:Steganographia
1845:Chinese script
1826:
1823:
1821:applications.
1777:, lost in the
1722:Fénius Farsaid
1697:
1694:
1667:
1666:
1647:
1646:
1609:"waiting" and
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:(Slavic, 2011)
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1407:Main article:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1305:Reform-Neutral
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1191:David Peterson
1184:
1174:
1164:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1082:Louis Couturat
1063:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1018:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
981:
972:David Peterson
961:
954:for the movie
945:
939:
923:
901:
895:
894:
893:
887:
875:
872:
871:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
836:
830:
827:François Sudre
820:
819:(14th century)
817:Muhyi Gulshani
804:
798:
796:
789:
751:
745:
715:
705:
433:
432:
412:
392:
351:
348:
279:
276:
247:, two each of
176:language games
170:; for fantasy
67:(shortened to
57:Tower of Babel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4564:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4494:
4493:Lojban/Loglan
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Esperanto/Ido
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:A Secret Vice
4415:
4413:
4412:Esperantology
4410:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Lingua ignota
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Belter Creole
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Basic English
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:Universalglot
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Idiom Neutral
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3705:International
3702:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3682:Philosophical
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3648:Language game
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3420:
3418:3-89586-667-9
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3385:0-19-506511-5
3381:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3364:0-631-17465-6
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3330:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3156:, 6 June 2019
3155:
3152:
3146:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3113:
3100:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3032:9780006863786
3028:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2898:Joshua Foer,
2895:
2893:
2891:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2780:2-7384-2432-5
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2742:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Language game
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:Stargate SG-1
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2223:A Secret Vice
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:Enlightenment
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:Ekskybalauron
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:Hieroglyphica
1832:
1831:Ancient Egypt
1822:
1820:
1819:cryptographic
1816:
1812:
1811:combinatorics
1808:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:Lingua Ignota
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503: –
1502:
1498:
1497:Find sources:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1475:This section
1473:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1452:
1449:
1447:(Latin, 2006)
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:Idiom Neutral
1290:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:Universalglot
1260:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:Basic English
1220:
1218:(Latin, 1911)
1217:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:for the film
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:Lardil people
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
995:
994:
989:
985:
982:
979:
978:
973:
969:
965:
962:
959:
958:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:
931:
927:
924:
921:
920:
915:
911:
907:
904:
903:
899:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
877:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
821:
818:
814:
810:
807:
806:
802:
794:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:philosophical
770:
766:
762:
757:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
725:
721:
713:
709:
704:
701:
700:
695:
694:
689:
688:High Valyrian
685:
680:
678:
670:
662:
650:
642:
630:
622:
610:
605:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
585:Basic English
580:
578:
573:
571:
570:
565:
564:Steven Pinker
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:George Orwell
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
531:Native Tongue
527:
523:
519:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Modern Hebrew
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
441:
438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
393:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
355:
347:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
315:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
275:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Idiom Neutral
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:communication
136:
134:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4374:Sitelen Pona
4245:
3781:esperantidos
3750:Esperanto II
3672:Experimental
3623:
3494:
3475:
3454:
3429:
3408:
3400:
3393:
3374:
3353:
3349:Eco, Umberto
3329:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3281:
3269:
3249:
3240:
3239:Archives of
3234:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3206:
3196:
3188:
3184:Owen, Becky,
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3108:|title=
3087:. Retrieved
3080:
3075:
3070:, UEA 1992 .
3067:
3059:
3051:uchicago.edu
3050:
3041:
3022:
3016:
3005:
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2952:The Atlantic
2951:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:the original
2913:
2903:
2881:
2877:
2858:
2846:
2837:
2827:
2815:
2796:
2771:
2763:
2749:
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2719:the original
2714:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:
2680:
2672:
2641:
2636:
2619:
2536:Metalanguage
2415:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2347:
2332:
2329:
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2304:
2298:
2284:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2221:
2207:
2196:Early Modern
2189:
2185:
2172:algorithms.
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2107:
2102:
2099:Léopold Leau
2086:
2079:a posteriori
2078:
2074:Encyclopédie
2072:
2070:
2021:
2018:Encyclopédie
2017:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1999:pasigraphies
1994:Encyclopédie
1992:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1961:John Wilkins
1955:Ars signorum
1954:
1944:
1940:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1897:, magic and
1889:
1885:Natursprache
1884:
1881:Jakob Boehme
1865:Rosicrucians
1856:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1804:
1790:
1781:. The first
1771:Adam and Eve
1744:
1738:
1733:
1720:claims that
1711:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1585:
1578:
1568:
1548:
1539:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1496:
1484:Please help
1479:verification
1476:
1323:Esperanto II
1254:A posteriori
1253:
1194:
1187:Trigedasleng
1158:
1137:A posteriori
1136:
1129:a posteriori
1128:
1127:Examples of
1121:a posteriori
1120:
1116:
1109:a posteriori
1108:
1101:a posteriori
1100:
1098:
1094:a posteriori
1093:
1078:a posteriori
1077:
1069:a posteriori
1068:
1067:
1065:
1060:A posteriori
1059:
996:films (2015)
991:
988:Madhan Karky
975:
955:
952:Paul Frommer
933:
917:
897:
800:
792:
791:Examples of
784:
769:a posteriori
768:
760:
755:
753:
747:
741:a posteriori
740:
736:
733:a posteriori
732:
726:
719:
717:
712:a posteriori
711:
707:
697:
691:
681:
597:include the
593:
581:
574:
567:
555:
543:
538:such as the
529:
520:in creating
510:
505:
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444:
442:
434:
428:
424:
420:
414:
408:
404:
400:
394:
368:
364:
358:
353:
331:phonological
327:a posteriori
326:
323:naturalistic
322:
320:
313:
305:
301:Esperantidos
281:
231:
222:
190:
186:
184:
137:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
108:
104:
100:
68:
64:
62:
53:mailing list
44:
4552:Linguistics
4456:Comparisons
4334:Palawa kani
4329:Medefaidrin
4004:Weltdeutsch
3994:Runyakitara
3982:Interslavic
3815:Interlingue
3810:Interlingua
3793:Interglossa
3720:Blissymbols
3546:ConWorkShop
3212:25 February
2553:Glossolalia
2468:Idioglossia
2391:Taboo Jadoo
2375:Palawa kani
2300:The Expanse
2276:Ar Tonelico
2130:Interlingua
2126:descendants
1943:(1651) and
1928:(1647) and
1857:Polygraphia
1815:Renaissance
1801:Ramon Llull
1767:Kabbalistic
1671:Pythian god
1659:Ouranopolis
1451:Interslavic
1427:Palawa kani
1363: 1979
1342:Interlingua
1332: 1943
1311:Interlingue
1155:Marc Okrand
1048:Palawa kani
1038:Medefaidrin
1032: 1920
930:Marc Okrand
641:Interlingua
389:linguistics
339:grammatical
293:inflections
284:Interlingua
269:Esperantido
249:Interlingua
223:glossopoeia
200:, the term
156:linguistics
150:); to give
85:orthography
18:Glossopoeia
4531:Categories
4483:Ido/Novial
4304:Balaibalan
4014:Engineered
3870:Pasilingua
3760:Mundolinco
3667:Engineered
3587:r/conlangs
3341:References
2690:www.ksh.hu
2610:Pasigraphy
2407:conlangers
2212:(1912) by
2200:Pantagruel
2124:, and its
2014:D'Alembert
2010:Charactère
1869:alchemists
1763:Balaibalan
1757:(see also
1728:after the
1635:ballantion
1619:menekratēs
1599:neologisms
1591:Alexarchus
1512:newspapers
1433:Folkspraak
1287:Mundolinco
1275:Pasilingua
1171:Sonja Lang
1107:are fully
809:Balaibalan
476:, such as
446:Ethnologue
385:philosophy
261:Mundolinco
191:artificial
174:; and for
101:artificial
89:vocabulary
4357:Neography
4283:Verdurian
4253:Syldavian
4248:languages
4246:Star Wars
4240:Spocanian
4123:Brithenig
4113:Atlantean
4099:Fictional
4089:Toki Pona
3938:Eurolengo
3775:Universal
3735:Esperanto
3707:auxiliary
3695:languages
3693:Specific
3643:Fictional
3241:Vortpunoj
3207:The Verge
3002:Athenaeus
2695:18 August
2496:Langmaker
2399:Vortpunoj
2250:Star Trek
2244:Star Wars
2202:, and in
2146:Eurolengo
2118:Esperanto
1895:mysticism
1841:Horapollo
1806:Ars Magna
1783:Christian
1655:Cassander
1615:parthenos
1603:menandros
1587:Athenaeus
1542:July 2023
1281:Esperanto
1167:Toki Pona
1151:Atlantean
1145:Brithenig
1131:languages
993:Baahubali
935:Star Trek
795:languages
714:languages
677:Toki Pona
621:Esperanto
599:ISO 639-2
560:Toki Pona
502:Esperanto
486:Sephardic
465:speaker.
437:aesthetic
365:engelangs
297:Esperanto
241:Esperanto
234:Hungarian
195:Esperanto
127:engelangs
93:naturally
77:phonology
4547:Language
4314:Enochian
4273:Valyrian
4263:Tsolyáni
4230:Newspeak
4208:Sindarin
4143:Enchanta
4133:Dothraki
4105:artistic
4042:Kalaba-X
3987:Iazychie
3953:Tutonish
3923:Afrihili
3880:Solresol
3875:Sambahsa
3860:Nal Bino
3770:Romániço
3765:Reformed
3745:Arcaicam
3740:Adjuvilo
3697:by group
3638:Artistic
3351:(1995).
3316:conlangs
3289:Archived
3258:Archived
3099:cite web
2931:20 March
2866:Archived
2725:10 March
2649:Archived
2473:Idiolect
2425:See also
2368:Duolingo
2357:Dothraki
2316:and the
2239:suggests
2176:Artlangs
2160:a priori
2156:a priori
2022:a priori
2006:a priori
1907:Solresol
1877:Enochian
1875:and his
1873:John Dee
1775:Paradise
1759:Enochian
1724:visited
1686:Sanskrit
1580:Cratylus
1445:Neolatin
1391:Sambahsa
1379:Romániço
1354:Afrihili
1117:a priori
1071:language
1062:language
1054:, 1990s)
1044:, 1930s)
1011:Yangkaal
990:for the
968:Valyrian
964:Dothraki
910:Sindarin
898:A priori
823:Solresol
801:A priori
793:a priori
785:a priori
761:a priori
756:a priori
750:language
748:A priori
737:a priori
728:a priori
720:a priori
708:A priori
684:Dothraki
556:simplify
554:, or to
552:Newspeak
544:restrict
421:artlangs
401:auxlangs
369:loglangs
350:Overview
219:Sanskrit
213:such as
73:language
4394:Tengwar
4339:Yerkish
4319:Eskayan
4278:Venedic
4268:Utopian
4258:Teonaht
4235:Simlish
4213:more...
4198:Adûnaic
4183:Lydnevi
4163:Kobaïan
4158:Klingon
4037:Ithkuil
3970:Romanid
3933:Efatese
3928:Budinos
3905:Volapük
3850:Mondial
3677:Musical
3559:of the
2983:21 June
2957:21 June
2463:Eskayan
2418:Zompist
2281:Hymmnos
2204:Utopian
2142:grammar
2110:Volapük
2055:Ithkuil
2045:(e.g.,
1977:Leibniz
1899:alchemy
1861:magical
1797:Italian
1739:Goídelc
1526:scholar
1458:History
1439:Budinos
1421:Romanid
1415:Efatese
1395:(2010)
1389:(2007)
1383:(1998)
1377:(1991)
1371:(1986)
1352:(1970)
1346:(1961)
1340:(1951)
1336:Mondial
1321:(1937)
1315:(1928)
1309:(1922)
1303:(1912)
1297:(1907)
1291:(1902)
1285:(1888)
1279:(1887)
1273:(1885)
1269:Volapük
1267:(1879)
1261:(1868)
1246:Globish
1196:The 100
1177:Wenedyk
1021:Eskayan
926:Klingon
890:Ithkuil
690:in the
671:, and "
655:" and "
649:Klingon
635:" and "
615:" and "
609:ISO 639
528:series
498:Yiddish
463:Klingon
335:lexical
265:Russian
245:Romanid
198:culture
152:fiction
105:planned
81:grammar
71:) is a
69:conlang
4506:Portal
4389:Sarati
4225:Nadsat
4203:Quenya
4178:Loxian
4173:Lapine
4168:Láadan
4153:Kiliki
4128:Dritok
4103:other
4074:Lojban
4064:Loglan
4052:Lincos
3865:Novial
3825:Kotava
3779:other
3529:Curlie
3492:about
3461:
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3135:3 July
3089:3 July
3029:
2803:
2778:
2644:, in:
2588:Pidgin
2393:, and
2306:Avatar
2261:Elvish
2152:Loglan
2091:French
2087:Langue
2051:Lojban
2047:Loglan
2035:Lincos
1967:, 1668
1957:, 1661
1947:(1652)
1932:(1652)
1871:(like
1726:Shinar
1690:Pāṇini
1684:, and
1663:aputēs
1633:; and
1631:stulos
1627:kratei
1528:
1521:
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1507:
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1317:Novial
1240:Kitara
1203:Nagwai
1199:(2014)
1183:(2002)
1173:(2001)
1163:(2001)
1073:(from
1052:Palawa
1042:Ibibio
1025:Eskaya
984:Kiliki
980:(2011)
960:(2009)
957:Avatar
938:(1985)
906:Quenya
886:(1982)
880:Láadan
867:Kotava
845:(1935)
829:(1827)
722:(from
675:" for
667:" for
659:" for
647:" for
639:" for
629:Lojban
627:" for
619:" for
522:Láadan
490:Israel
474:Hebrew
337:, and
263:. The
237:census
166:; for
162:, and
87:, and
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4405:Study
4384:Cirth
4309:Damin
4288:Wenja
4220:Naʼvi
4188:Mänti
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3943:Guosa
3915:Zonal
3900:Uropi
3890:Unish
3805:Intal
3788:Glosa
3725:Bolak
3660:Zonal
2838:Wired
2629:Notes
2459:Damin
1851:, in
1716:work
1714:Irish
1682:Greek
1678:Latin
1623:menei
1611:andra
1607:menei
1601:like
1575:Plato
1533:JSTOR
1519:books
1373:Uropi
1367:Glosa
1075:Latin
1007:Damin
948:Naʼvi
942:Kēlen
861:Mirad
724:Latin
407:(for
403:) or
387:, or
381:logic
314:exist
215:Latin
180:hobby
142:(see
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3999:Wede
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3112:help
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