27:
1640:
Galatians 2:14: "how is it that you compel the
Gentiles to judaize?" "To judaize" was a quite familiar expression, in the sense "to live like a Jew", "to adopt a distinctively Jewish way of life"–with reference to Gentiles taking up Jewish customs like observance of the sabbath. Judaism at that time
1916:
ed. Roger Boase, Hassan Bin (FRW) Talal . Ashgate. 2010 Page 203 "Nevertheless, by late biblical times
Israelites realised that there were other people in the world who worshipped the one, unseen God. Such people form the category of yir'ei Hashem (God-fearers, cf. Psalm 115:11); perhaps it is to
774:
In Paul's message of salvation through faith in Christ as opposed to submission under the Mosaic Law, many God-fearers found an essentially Jewish group to which they could belong without the necessity of their accepting Jewish Law. Aside from earning Paul's group a wide following, this view was
1502:
as some sort of technical category, at least on one face, if not on both. After the formal publication of the inscription in 1987, the already considerable bibliography on 'Godfearers' proliferated, and many studies of the Roman period now seem regularly to presume the presence of such persons
1573:, the momentum of conversion was stopped in the Christian world, and there was a steep drop in the number of Jews. Presumably many of the Jews who appeared around the Mediterranean became Christians. But then Judaism started to permeate other regions – pagan regions, for example, such as
1784:, Harvard scholar George Foot Moore argued that the existence of the God-fearers provides evidence for the synagogue's own missionary work outside of Palestine during the first century C.E. The God-fearers were the result of this Jewish missionary movement."
496:, although the evidence across the centuries varies widely and the meaning of the term may have included all kinds of sympathetic Gentiles, proselytes or not. There are also around 300 text references (4th century BCE to 3rd century CE) to a sect of
2114:, p. 226, 2004: "The category of Theosebes is notoriously difficult to delineate. It is debatable whether or not the term was ever a widely recognized technical designation of a Gentile "hanger-on," and much of the evidence is difficult to date".
2409:("making themselves foreskins"; I Macc. i. 15; Josephus, "Ant." xii. 5, § 1; Assumptio Mosis, viii.; I Cor. vii. 18; Tosef., Shab. xv. 9; Yeb. 72a, b; Yer. Peah i. 16b; Yeb. viii. 9a). All the more did the law-observing Jews defy the edict of
2404:
Contact with
Grecian life, especially at the games of the arena , made this distinction obnoxious to the Hellenists, or antinationalists; and the consequence was their attempt to appear like the Greeks by
1130:. How far they went in openly dissociating themselves from Paganism and in associating themselves with Judaism we do not know. These Gentile sympathizers are commonly thought to be referred by the terms
1234:) was used in rabbinic literature to denote Gentiles who were on the fringe of the synagogue. They were not converts to Judaism, although they were attracted to the Jewish religion and observed part of
2055:). This phrase plainly presupposes an active propaganda for winning converts (comp. Cant. R. v. 16, where God is referred to as making propagandic efforts). In fact, that proselytes are welcome in
1930:
2006 "Hence the references to them in Jewish sources such as
Sebomenoi or Yir'ei Hashem (God-fearers). Many of them accepted monotheism, though held back from many other basic ritual precepts."
1581:. Had Judaism not continued to advance at that stage and had it not continued to convert people in the pagan world, we would have remained a completely marginal religion, if we survived at all.
638:; they represented a group of Gentiles who shared religious ideas and practices with Jews, to one degree or another. However, the God-fearers were only "partial" converts, engaged in certain
1549:
The people did not spread, but the Jewish religion spread. Judaism was a converting religion. Contrary to popular opinion, in early
Judaism there was a great thirst to convert others. The
2047:," "ger ha-berit" (a sincere and righteous proselyte, one who has submitted to circumcision; see Mek., Mishpaṭim, 18; Gerim iii.). The common, technical term for "making a convert" in
1122:
in the same manner as did the Jews themselves. It is also commonly assumed that there were some
Gentiles who did not go so far as to become converts but indicated their belief in
2413:
prohibiting circumcision (I Macc. i. 48, 60; ii. 46); and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law, even at the risk of their lives, by themselves circumcising their sons.
2877:
1705:
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1780:. "As pious gentiles, the God-fearers stood somewhere between Greco-Roman piety and Jewish piety in the synagogue. In his classic but now somewhat outdated study titled
258:
Martin
Goodman stated that Jews converted non-Jews by passively living by example. Non-Jews were given a choice on how to respond. But he notes that some Jews, like the
2420:"The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme"
2059:
and are beloved of God is the theme of many a rabbinical homily (Ruth R. iii.; Tan., Wayiḳra ; see also Mek., Mishpaṭim, 18; Tosef., Demai, ii. 10; Bek. 32a).
207:
of the Empire, Judaism became an appealing religion to a number of Pagans, for many reasons; God-fearers and proselytes that underwent full conversion were
493:
2198:, “God-fearers were Gentiles who attached themselves in varying degrees to the Jewish worship and way of life without as yet becoming full proselytes.”"
3224:
1442:(Hierosolymam defendere temptavere Iudaei; verum haec quoque et intravit et vidit illud grande inpiae gentis arcanum patens, sub aurea vite Caelum).
1769:
1821:
2543:
Thiessen, Matthew (September 2014). Breytenbach, Cilliers; Thom, Johan (eds.). "Paul's
Argument against Gentile Circumcision in Romans 2:17-29".
3356:
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1482:
Crossing boundaries in early
Judaism and Christianity: Ambiguities, complexities, and half-forgotten enemies - Essays in honor of Alan F. Segal
708:
111:
Many of these Greco-Roman sympathizers to
Hellenistic Judaism, which had a monotheistic or henotheistic Pagan background, were worshippers of
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entered this city also and saw that grand Holy of Holies of an impious people exposed, Caelum under a golden vine"
1480:
Kraemer, Ross S. (2016). "Giving Up the Godfearers (Chapter 7)". In Stratton, Kimberly B.; Lieber, Andrea (eds.).
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generalized in the eventual conclusion that converts to Christianity need not first accept all Jewish Law (see
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Gentiles and God-fearers are considered by modern scholars to be of significant importance to the growth of
319:
In the Ancient Greek theatre of Miletus, some sitting places seem to have been reserved for the God fearer.
4300:
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is "ḳabbel" (to accept), or "ḳareb taḥat kanfe ha-Shekinah" (to bring one near, or under the wings of, the
1865:
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were the first to begin to produce large numbers of Jews through mass conversion, under the influence of
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was notably uninterested in evangelism, though open and accepting of Gentile God-fearers and proselytes.
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observance, etc.) that were generally unattractive to would-be Gentile (largely Greek) converts. The
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Judging from the distinctions in the Acts of the Apostles, it is thought that they did not become
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1496:... in 1975, a large stele had actually been found in Carian Aphrodisias that does, in fact, use
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779:), a fact indispensable to the spread of the early Christians which would eventually lead to the
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The Glory of God in the Face of Jesus Christ: Deification of Jesus in Early Christian Discourse
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2763:"How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Approaches to Jesus-Devotion in Earliest Christianity"
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How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus
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Diaspora Jews and Judaism: essays in honor of, and in dialogue with, A. Thomas Kraabel
247:. Despite their allegiance to Judaism, the God-fearers were exempted from paying the "
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2258:"Metaphor in Religious Transformation: 'Circumcision of the Heart' in Paul of Tarsus"
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are also considered by modern scholars as God-fearers who converted to Christianity.
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throughout the ancient Mediterranean, over a period of at least half a millennium.
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The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Umayyad Visual Culture
951:
863:
595:(ἐν ὑμῖν φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν), to us has been sent the message of this salvation.
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and which many scholars see as sympathizers with Judaism related to God-fearers.
353:
301:
248:
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are used to indicate those Pagans who attached themselves in varying degrees to
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In contradistinction to the ger toshab, the full proselyte was designated as "
376:
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128:
42:
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became interested in the subject of God-fearers and their relationship with
4166:
4136:
4131:
4116:
4086:
3791:
3351:
3089:
2623:
2491:(ed.). "Echoes of Intra-Jewish Polemic in Paul's Letter to the Galatians".
2452:
2071:
1664:
1600:(ed.). "Echoes of Intra-Jewish Polemic in Paul's Letter to the Galatians".
1578:
1235:
1211:
1207:
1119:
1049:
904:"Gentiles, God-fearers and proselytes (Chapter 1): God-Fearers (Section 3)"
736:
720:
700:
684:, therefore Jewish men did not want to be seen in public deprived of their
448:
333:
244:
212:
193:
105:
2444:
2347:
1313:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
4161:
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818:
647:
444:
20:
2619:
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1914:
Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace.
1660:
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but was not considered a convert to Judaism because he did not agree to
553:) and more extensively in the Acts of the Apostles, which describes the
476:
196:
were not involved in active missionary efforts of mass conversion among
4126:
4076:
3381:
3028:
2905:
2618:. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament. Vol. 185.
2526:
2318:"Celsus' Decircumcision Operation: Medical and Historical Implications"
2044:
1635:
1550:
1202:
1146:"fearers of Heaven" (i.e. God-fearers) in some early Rabbinic passages.
1101:
996:
828:
759:
in Europe, is described in the New Testament as "a worshipper of God" (
663:
488:
337:
266:
781:
distinction between Judaism and Christianity as two separate religions
4191:
4041:
3918:
3831:
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3690:
3386:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3341:
3234:
3169:
2774:
1434:
1316:
1265:
Trebilco, Paul (2001). "I «Timorati di Dio»". In Lewin, Ariel (ed.).
1114:
some Gentiles were so strongly attracted to Judaism that they became
1045:
843:
631:
545:
without becoming full converts, and are referred to primarily in the
384:
365:
294:
265:
The class of God-fearers existed between the 1st and the 3rd century
259:
101:
2510:
2144:. Journal of Pentecostal Theology: Supplement Series. Vol. 45.
1619:
1536:
4156:
4081:
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3930:
3896:
3890:
3836:
3732:
3640:
3635:
3585:
3119:
3023:
3005:
2990:
2406:
2331:
1532:
1454:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting), p. 252, entry on
1270:
1177:
685:
313:
278:
197:
1405:
1106:
We know from Pagan, Christian, and Jewish sources that during the
670:
because it was the custom to spend an hour a day or so exercising
452:
4229:
4186:
4151:
4146:
4013:
3816:
3801:
3685:
3590:
3570:
3239:
3124:
3061:
3033:
1861:
1527:
1467:
1226:. Some scholars have claimed that the term "those who fear God" (
853:
681:
659:
651:
639:
480:
232:
93:
81:
1004:
569:
stood up, and motioning with his hand said: "Men of Israel, and
3924:
3717:
3620:
3615:
3544:
3129:
3038:
2975:
2816:
2554:
2149:
2145:
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2056:
1426:
1367:
1223:
960:
908:
Attitudes to Gentiles in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity
716:
472:
464:
460:
456:
369:
341:
120:
112:
34:
1982:
The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research
4071:
3782:
3772:
3391:
3274:
3189:
3000:
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1574:
1565:
are what prepared the ground for the subsequent, wide-spread
739:, a New Covenant that did not require circumcision (see also
408:
282:
468:
309:
184:. According to the popular opinion, Jews that lived in the
2185:
Journal of Biblical Studies: Godfearer, by J. Brian Tucker
2112:
In praise of Christian origins: Stephen and the Hellenists
1192:
Many scholars see a parallel between the "God-fearers" in
2074:(1979) . "Proselytes and God-fearers". In Lake, Kirsopp;
2080:
The Beginnings of Christianity: The Acts of the Apostles
1366:. Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Vol. 66.
153:
2390:"Circumcision: In Apocryphal and Rabbinical Literature"
2194:: "The traditional understanding of God-fearers, i. e.
1764:
A. T. Kraabel, J. Andrew Overman, Robert S. MacLennan,
1659:. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism. Vol. 144.
1458:, cites Juvenal, Petronius, and Florus as examples of
1214:. some scholars have made the mistake of calling the
360:, meaning "Fearers of the Name"/"Fearers of Heaven", "
168:
Since the mid-1980s, a growing number of scholars of
2216:
Beginning from Jerusalem: Christianity in the Making
1822:"Jews and God-Fearers in the Holy City of Aphrodite"
398:
145:
has come to mean someone who is honestly religious.
2612:"'Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision, but...'"
1782:
Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era
1080:Marcus, Ralph (1952). "The Sebomenoi in Josephus".
696:both found circumcision to be cruel and repulsive.
612:
262:, were mostly interested in converting other Jews.
123:). Some modern scholars of Judaic studies, such as
1497:
949:(1981). "The Disappearance of the 'God-Fearers'".
646:, which would have required full adherence to the
4267:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
1848:
2808:When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation
2652:
2650:
2538:
2536:
2263:. In Chilton, Paul; Kopytowska, Monika (eds.).
1972:
1830:12, 5 (1986), Center for Online Judaic Studies.
1718:12, 5 (1986), Center for Online Judaic Studies.
1042:Jewish Life and Thought among Greeks and Romans
1032:
902:Sim, David C. & MacLaren, James S. (2013).
16:Greco-Roman sympathizers to Hellenistic Judaism
2890:12, 5 (1986), Center for Online Judaic Studies
1856:. In Attridge, Harold W.; Hata, Gohei (eds.).
507:
2921:
2616:The New Perspective on Paul: Collected Essays
2368:
2366:
2364:
2240:
1571:victory of Christianity in the fourth century
1448:(Brill, 2001), pp. 81 and 83 (note 118). The
1170:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
711:, and opposed them; he stressed instead that
591:Brethren, sons of the family of Abraham, and
2647:
2533:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2012:
1364:Judaism in the Roman World: Collected Essays
666:was especially unappealing and execrable in
2602:
2600:
2479:
2477:
2206:
2204:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1473:
1360:"Identity and Authority in Ancient Judaism"
901:
443:) and synagogue inscriptions discovered in
37:) had a large community of God-fearers and
2928:
2914:
2801:
2361:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1513:
1511:
1470:; also, to some symbolization of Jehovah."
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1218:a "proselyte" or "semiproselyte." But the
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
735:for Gentiles from the harsh edicts of the
709:demanded circumcision for Gentile converts
518:Historical background of the New Testament
391:, which rabbinic writings assigned to the
2304:
2255:
1517:
1433:1.40 (3.5.30): "The Jews tried to defend
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
941:
939:
937:
935:
745:Pauline passages supporting antinomianism
293:, and other contemporary sources such as
2935:
2656:
2597:
2542:
2474:
2201:
1833:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1302:
1267:Gli ebrei nell'Impero romano: saggi vari
1264:
1172:. Vol. 3 (Fully Revised ed.).
1164:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
650:(including various prohibitions such as
642:without taking a step further to actual
627:Paul the Apostle and Jewish Christianity
25:
2757:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2138:"Monotheism in Paul's Rhetorical World"
2132:
1890:"Jewish Inscription at Miletus Theater"
1793:
1681:
1508:
1479:
1354:
1287:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1151:
1019:
945:
870:
859:Split of early Christianity and Judaism
707:fiercely criticized the Judaizers that
336:, there is some recognition of Gentile
160:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
127:, believe the God-fearers named in the
4268:
2417:
1652:
1337:
1305:"The Jews in Asia Minor, 66-c. 235 CE"
1079:
932:
2909:
2875:“The Omnipresence of the God-Fearers”
2315:
2265:Language, Religion and the Human Mind
1928:500 questions and answers on Chanukah
1721:
1703:"The Omnipresence of the God-Fearers"
1066:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
203:As Jews emigrated and settled in the
200:, although many historians disagree.
154:Origin, history, status and diffusion
135:) to be a fictional invention of the
94:Jewish religious rites and traditions
4286:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
2694:
2606:
2483:
2210:
2070:
1963:(2015), Oxford Classical Dictionary.
1592:
1243:
239:and few people of high status, like
100:. The concept has precedents in the
2428:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
1858:Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism
1523:"Shattering a 'National Mythology'"
1484:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 169–199.
357:
13:
2966:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
2659:"Gentile Sons and Seed of Abraham"
2281:10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0012
876:
794:Anti-Judaism in early Christianity
573:(οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν), listen".
14:
4332:
2840:
2256:Bisschops, Ralph (January 2017).
1737:From the Maccabees to the Mishnah
1273:: La Giuntina. pp. 161–193.
1200:(NT). In rabbinic literature the
809:Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism
411:terms that refer to God-fearers (
399:In inscriptions, texts and papyri
387:, i. e. Gentiles that follow the
4306:Mosaic law in Christian theology
2854:"Godfearers in the City of Love"
2847:Catholic Encyclopedia: Proselyte
1380:10.1163/ej.9789004153097.i-275.7
1142:in Greek and Latin sources, and
1036:; Reinhold, Meyer, eds. (1996).
613:Role in 1st-century Christianity
4311:New Testament words and phrases
4281:Ancient Christian controversies
2795:
2751:
2178:
2126:
2117:
2104:
2064:
2006:
1966:
1951:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1882:
1814:
1787:
1758:
1646:
1586:
1521:; Ilany, Ofri (21 March 2008).
1222:was really a resident alien in
1206:was a Gentile who observed the
749:Abrogation of Old Covenant laws
727:which essentially provides the
619:Christianity in the 1st century
514:Christianity in the 1st century
379:). This was developed by later
327:
19:For the religious concept, see
4321:People in Acts of the Apostles
4296:Early Christianity and Judaism
2503:Society of Biblical Literature
2494:Journal of Biblical Literature
2437:Johns Hopkins University Press
1612:Society of Biblical Literature
1603:Journal of Biblical Literature
1557:. The conversions between the
1420:
1038:""Sympathizers" (God-fearers)"
1:
2781:. pp. 15, 38–39, 41–42.
2418:Hodges, Frederick M. (2001).
1854:""Sympathizers" with Judaism"
1567:dissemination of Christianity
1196:and the "God-fearers" in the
593:those among you that fear God
344:. This forms the category of
340:as being directed toward the
3291:People named Simon or Simeon
2869:Biblical Archaeology Society
2663:Paul and the Gentile Problem
2340:10.1016/0090-4295(80)90354-4
2316:Rubin, Jody P. (July 1980).
1866:Wayne State University Press
1307:. In Davies, William David;
799:Biblical law in Christianity
7:
3708:Mary, mother of (John) Mark
2887:Biblical Archaeology Review
2865:Biblical Archaeology Review
1827:Biblical Archaeology Review
1745:Westminster John Knox Press
1715:Biblical Archaeology Review
786:
640:Jewish rites and traditions
508:In early Christian writings
148:
80:) were a numerous class of
10:
4337:
3281:People named Judas or Jude
2657:Thiessen, Matthew (2016).
1797:Judaism in the Roman World
1656:Jewish Travel in Antiquity
1653:Hezser, Catherine (2011).
1321:Cambridge University Press
1311:; Katz, Steven T. (eds.).
755:, who became Paul's first
616:
511:
322:
157:
73:
57:
18:
4210:
4032:Alexander the Coppersmith
4012:
3939:
3861:
3850:
3530:
3484:Disciple whom Jesus loved
3424:
3332:Female disciples of Jesus
3299:
3253:
2983:
2974:
2943:
2849:mentions "fearers of God"
2567:10.1163/15685365-12341488
1957:Pieter W. van der Horst,
1118:and undertook to observe
526:In the New Testament and
500:, some of whom practiced
92:, which observed certain
4276:1st-century Christianity
3407:Women at the crucifixion
1960:God-fearers (theosebeis)
1794:Goodman, Martin (2006).
1094:Indiana University Press
849:Religion in ancient Rome
528:early Christian writings
291:early Christian writings
269:. They are mentioned in
3646:James, brother of Jesus
3566:Ananias son of Nedebeus
3200:Simon, brother of Jesus
2671:Oxford University Press
2273:Oxford University Press
2123:James D. Arvila, p. 29.
1498:
1451:Oxford Latin Dictionary
1303:Trebilco, Paul (2006).
1120:Jewish laws and customs
973:10.1163/156852781X00160
839:New Perspective on Paul
757:convert to Christianity
522:Origins of Christianity
231:), but there were also
133:Cornelius the Centurion
3451:James, son of Alphaeus
3150:Mary, sister of Martha
2771:Grand Rapids, Michigan
2376:; Friedenwald, Aaron;
2220:Grand Rapids, Michigan
1820:Robert F. Tannenbaum,
1563:Bar Kochba's rebellion
1174:Grand Rapids, Michigan
814:Dual-covenant theology
741:Justification by faith
668:Classical civilization
610:
588:
140:
96:without becoming full
46:
4202:Tryphena and Tryphosa
3463:James, son of Zebedee
3145:Mary, mother of James
3135:Mary, mother of Jesus
2821:Yale University Press
2730:1 Corinthians 7:17–21
2445:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119
2076:Foakes-Jackson, F. J.
2049:rabbinical literature
1444:Finbarr Barry Flood,
1208:Noachian commandments
1166:Bromiley, Geoffrey W.
1136:phoboumenoi ton theon
1128:worship of Pagan gods
1082:Jewish Social Studies
916:Bloomsbury Publishing
763:); the Roman soldier
644:conversion to Judaism
589:
563:
494:required circumcision
285:'s historical works,
164:Second Temple Judaism
117:Roman name/equivalent
62:phoboumenoi ton Theon
29:
4027:Alexander of Ephesus
3225:Syrophoenician woman
3174:Nicodemus ben Gurion
2937:New Testament people
2673:. pp. 105–115.
2626:. pp. 314–330.
2088:Macmillan Publishers
1992:. pp. 418–424.
1894:Leon's Message Board
1868:. pp. 389–395.
1741:Louisville, Kentucky
1090:Bloomington, Indiana
1052:. pp. 137–145.
871:Notes and references
804:Council of Jerusalem
664:rite of circumcision
623:Pauline Christianity
383:into the concept of
338:monotheistic worship
302:Diaspora communities
215:, and came from all
137:Acts of the Apostles
88:that existed in the
41:integrated into the
4301:Hellenistic Judaism
4102:Euodia and Syntyche
3271:People named Joseph
3165:Son of Nain's widow
3095:Joseph of Arimathea
2996:Anna the Prophetess
2900:Jewish Encyclopedia
2411:Antiochus Epiphanes
2400:Kopelman Foundation
2395:Jewish Encyclopedia
2032:Kopelman Foundation
2027:Jewish Encyclopedia
1739:(1989), pp. 55–59,
1466:"with reference to
1194:rabbinic literature
1112:early Roman periods
824:Generations of Noah
543:Hellenistic Judaism
381:rabbinic literature
287:rabbinic literature
219:: they were mostly
178:Hellenistic Judaism
98:converts to Judaism
86:Hellenistic Judaism
58:φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν
3701:cousin of Barnabas
3261:People named James
3215:Simon the Pharisee
2880:2022-11-28 at the
2873:Louis H. Feldman,
2859:2012-02-29 at the
2190:2010-11-25 at the
2156:. pp. 53–82.
2090:. pp. 74–96.
1708:2022-11-28 at the
1374:. pp. 30–32.
1323:. pp. 80–82.
1309:Finkelstein, Louis
636:early Christianity
429:ancient literature
389:Seven Laws of Noah
182:early Christianity
174:history of Judaism
139:. More generally,
47:
4263:
4262:
4008:
4007:
3420:
3419:
3397:Seventy disciples
3286:People named Mary
3266:People named John
3067:Impenitent thief
2830:978-0-300-19051-9
2803:Fredriksen, Paula
2788:978-0-8028-2861-3
2759:Hurtado, Larry W.
2726:Philippians 3:2–3
2680:978-0-19-027175-6
2633:978-3-16-149518-2
2608:Dunn, James D. G.
2546:Novum Testamentum
2485:Dunn, James D. G.
2290:978-0-19-063664-7
2275:. pp. 1–30.
2233:978-0-8028-3932-9
2212:Dunn, James D. G.
2163:978-90-04-39721-7
2134:Bernard, David K.
2097:978-15-92-44073-3
1999:978-08-01-02707-9
1978:Osborne, Grant R.
1940:Babylonian Talmud
1926:Jeffrey M. Cohen
1807:978-90-47-41061-4
1778:978-15-55406-96-7
1753:978-0-664-25017-1
1733:Shaye J. D. Cohen
1674:978-3-16-150889-9
1594:Dunn, James D. G.
1389:978-90-04-15309-7
1330:978-0-521-77248-8
1034:Feldman, Louis H.
925:978-0-56763-766-6
918:. pp. 9–27.
834:Jewish Christians
753:Lydia of Thyatira
571:you that fear God
364:" being a Jewish
186:Greco-Roman world
125:A. Thomas Kraabel
90:Greco-Roman world
4328:
4291:Biblical phrases
4255:Whore of Babylon
3859:
3858:
3666:Judas of Galilee
3656:Joseph Barsabbas
3631:Ethiopian eunuch
3561:
3553:
3517:Simon the Zealot
3312:Jesus's brothers
3085:John the Baptist
3075:Jairus' daughter
3070:
3052:
3019:
2981:
2980:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2835:
2834:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2755:
2749:
2703:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2559:Brill Publishers
2540:
2531:
2530:
2489:Reinhartz, Adele
2481:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2424:
2415:
2386:Kohler, Kaufmann
2370:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2313:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2262:
2253:
2238:
2237:
2208:
2199:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2154:Brill Publishers
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2110:Todd C. Penner,
2108:
2102:
2101:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2040:
2038:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1850:Louis H. Feldman
1846:
1831:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1791:
1785:
1762:
1756:
1730:
1719:
1699:Louis H. Feldman
1696:
1679:
1678:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1598:Reinhartz, Adele
1590:
1584:
1583:
1559:Hasmonean Revolt
1546:
1544:
1535:. Archived from
1515:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1477:
1471:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1372:Brill Publishers
1352:
1335:
1334:
1300:
1285:
1284:
1262:
1241:
1240:
1180:. p. 1010.
1162:
1149:
1148:
1126:and gave up the
1077:
1064:
1063:
1030:
1017:
1016:
965:Brill Publishers
943:
930:
929:
899:
777:Apostolic Decree
769:Ethiopian eunuch
608:
586:
359:
279:Flavius Josephus
275:Greek literature
84:sympathizers to
75:
59:
43:Roman civic life
31:Sardis Synagogue
4336:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4206:
4004:
3935:
3884:Herod the Great
3852:
3846:
3661:Judas Barsabbas
3559:
3551:
3526:
3497:Judas Thaddaeus
3416:
3295:
3249:
3210:Simon the Leper
3205:Simon of Cyrene
3185:Samaritan woman
3068:
3050:
3049:Penitent thief
3017:
2970:
2956:In Christianity
2939:
2934:
2893:A. Guttmacher,
2882:Wayback Machine
2861:Wayback Machine
2843:
2838:
2831:
2823:. p. 155.
2800:
2796:
2789:
2779:Wm. B. Eerdmans
2756:
2752:
2714:Galatians 5:2–3
2704:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2655:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2605:
2598:
2541:
2534:
2511:10.2307/3267745
2487:(Autumn 1993).
2482:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2422:
2382:Hirsch, Emil G.
2371:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2314:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2234:
2226:. p. 446.
2218:. Vol. 2.
2209:
2202:
2192:Wayback Machine
2183:
2179:
2164:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2082:. Vol. 1.
2069:
2065:
2036:
2034:
2018:Hirsch, Emil G.
2011:
2007:
2000:
1980:, eds. (2004).
1971:
1967:
1956:
1952:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1847:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1763:
1759:
1731:
1722:
1710:Wayback Machine
1697:
1682:
1675:
1667:. p. 438.
1651:
1647:
1620:10.2307/3267745
1596:(Autumn 1993).
1591:
1587:
1542:
1540:
1516:
1509:
1492:
1478:
1474:
1425:
1421:
1390:
1356:Goodman, Martin
1353:
1338:
1331:
1301:
1288:
1281:
1263:
1244:
1188:
1163:
1152:
1078:
1067:
1060:
1031:
1020:
944:
933:
926:
900:
877:
873:
868:
864:Supersessionism
789:
629:
615:
609:
599:
587:
577:
539:God-worshippers
524:
510:
427:) are found in
401:
393:Noahic Covenant
350:yir’ei Shamayim
342:God of the Jews
330:
325:
253:fiscus Judaicus
205:Roman provinces
166:
156:
151:
66:God-worshippers
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4334:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3856:
3854:Herod's family
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Judas Iscariot
3489:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3446:
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3430:
3428:
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3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3162:
3160:Naked fugitive
3157:
3155:Mary of Clopas
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Mary Magdalene
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2871:
2867:36, 3 (2010),
2852:A. Chaniotis,
2850:
2842:
2841:External links
2839:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2794:
2787:
2750:
2734:Romans 2:17–29
2693:
2679:
2646:
2632:
2610:, ed. (2007).
2596:
2532:
2473:
2378:Jacobs, Joseph
2360:
2303:
2289:
2239:
2232:
2200:
2177:
2162:
2125:
2116:
2103:
2096:
2063:
2014:Jacobs, Joseph
2005:
1998:
1990:Baker Academic
1974:McKnight, Scot
1965:
1950:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1881:
1874:
1832:
1813:
1806:
1786:
1770:Scholars Press
1757:
1720:
1680:
1673:
1645:
1585:
1539:on 24 May 2018
1507:
1490:
1472:
1419:
1388:
1336:
1329:
1286:
1279:
1269:(in Italian).
1242:
1186:
1150:
1144:yir᾿ê shamayim
1065:
1058:
1018:
947:Kraabel, A. T.
931:
924:
874:
872:
869:
867:
866:
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841:
836:
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811:
806:
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790:
788:
785:
719:constituted a
614:
611:
597:
575:
547:Gospel of Luke
509:
506:
489:gerim tzedekim
400:
397:
329:
326:
324:
321:
217:social classes
170:Judaic studies
155:
152:
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147:
33:(3rd century,
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4235:Two witnesses
4233:
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4226:
4225:Four Horsemen
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4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
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4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
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4050:
4048:
4045:
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4040:
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4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
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4019:
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4011:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
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3938:
3932:
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3927:
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3917:
3915:
3914:Pilate's wife
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
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3808:
3805:
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3800:
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3779:
3778:Seven Deacons
3776:
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3523:
3520:
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3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
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3464:
3461:
3457:
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3453:
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3437:
3435:
3432:
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3429:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
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3375:
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3370:
3368:
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3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
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3238:
3236:
3233:
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3226:
3223:
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3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
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3201:
3198:
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3178:
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3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
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2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2895:"Fear of God"
2892:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:Cambridge, UK
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2746:Titus 1:10–16
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2588:
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2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:(Fall 2001).
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:Broydé, Isaac
2369:
2367:
2365:
2349:
2345:
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2333:
2329:
2325:
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2319:
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2292:
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2259:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
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2235:
2229:
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2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:Lake, Kirsopp
2067:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:Ada, Michigan
1983:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1875:0-8143-2361-8
1871:
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1863:
1859:
1855:
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1843:
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1538:
1534:
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1493:
1491:9789004334496
1487:
1483:
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1443:
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1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1280:88-8057-120-6
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:yir᾿ei Elohim
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:New Testament
1195:
1189:
1187:0-8028-3783-2
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1059:0-567-08525-2
1055:
1051:
1050:T&T Clark
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:
948:
942:
940:
938:
936:
927:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
875:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
784:
782:
778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:justification
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
694:Roman culture
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
606:
602:
596:
594:
584:
580:
574:
572:
568:
562:
560:
556:
555:Apostolic Age
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
498:Hypsistarians
495:
491:
490:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
355:
351:
347:
346:yir’ei HaShem
343:
339:
335:
320:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
165:
161:
146:
144:
143:
138:
134:
130:
129:New Testament
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
4250:Three Angels
4117:Jesus Justus
4087:Epaphroditus
3972:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3923:
3901:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3792:Simeon Niger
3352:Myrrhbearers
3336:
2898:
2885:
2864:
2807:
2797:
2766:
2753:
2684:. Retrieved
2662:
2637:. Retrieved
2624:Mohr Siebeck
2615:
2550:
2544:
2498:
2492:
2464:. Retrieved
2432:
2426:
2403:
2393:
2351:. Retrieved
2327:
2321:
2294:. Retrieved
2264:
2215:
2180:
2141:
2128:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2079:
2066:
2045:ger ha-ẓedeḳ
2042:
2035:. Retrieved
2025:
2008:
1981:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1896:. 2010-04-23
1893:
1884:
1857:
1825:
1816:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1765:
1760:
1736:
1713:
1665:Mohr Siebeck
1655:
1648:
1639:
1607:
1601:
1588:
1579:North Africa
1569:. After the
1548:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1526:
1519:Sand, Shlomo
1495:
1481:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1363:
1312:
1266:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1212:circumcision
1201:
1191:
1169:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1105:
1085:
1081:
1041:
956:
950:
907:
773:
723:with God, a
721:New Covenant
701:Apostle Paul
698:
675:
656:circumcision
630:
592:
590:
570:
564:
538:
534:
525:
487:
485:
477:Philadelphia
449:Panticapaeum
424:
420:
416:
412:
402:
349:
345:
334:Hebrew Bible
331:
328:Hebrew Bible
318:
298:inscriptions
264:
257:
252:
228:
202:
194:Roman period
167:
110:
106:Hebrew Bible
77:
65:
61:
49:
48:
4162:Onesiphorus
3797:Simon Magus
3691:(John) Mark
3581:Aristarchus
3512:Simon Peter
3439:Bartholomew
3337:God-fearers
3327:Evangelists
3018:(Bethsaida)
2984:Individuals
2706:Acts 15:1–2
2561:: 373–391.
2505:: 459–477.
2439:: 375–405.
2334:: 121–124.
2196:F. F. Bruce
2022:"Proselyte"
1108:Hellenistic
1096:: 247–250.
967:: 113–126.
819:Fear of God
690:Hellenistic
682:Roman baths
648:613 Mitzvot
559:1st century
535:God-fearers
532:Greek terms
475:, Deliler (
445:Aphrodisias
421:phoboumenoi
190:Hellenistic
188:during the
142:God-fearing
70:Koinē Greek
54:Koinē Greek
50:God-fearers
21:Fear of God
4270:Categories
4212:Revelation
4077:Diotrephes
4037:Andronicus
3955:Agrippa II
3851:Romans and
3696:Evangelist
3552:(Damascus)
3473:Evangelist
3382:Samaritans
3372:Proselytes
3230:Theophilus
3069:("Gestas")
3051:("Dismas")
3029:Celidonius
3016:Blind man
3011:Bartimaeus
2961:Historical
1900:2022-11-22
1551:Hasmoneans
1499:theosebeis
1406:2006049637
1220:ger toshab
1216:ger toshab
1203:ger toshab
1124:monotheism
829:Ger toshav
761:Acts 16:14
737:Mosaic Law
617:See also:
601:Acts 13:26
579:Acts 13:16
512:See also:
413:theosebeis
314:Asia Minor
249:Jewish tax
241:patricians
158:See also:
102:proselytes
78:Theosebeis
4192:Sosipater
4112:Hymenaeus
4047:Aretas IV
4042:Archippus
3968:Cornelius
3919:Quirinius
3877:Archelaus
3832:Trophimus
3807:Sosthenes
3753:Prochorus
3748:Priscilla
3611:Dionysius
3606:Demetrius
3596:Cornelius
3444:Nathanael
3402:Shepherds
3387:Sanhedrin
3377:Sadducees
3362:Pharisees
3342:Herodians
3322:Disciples
3245:Zechariah
3235:Zacchaeus
3170:Nicodemus
3057:Elizabeth
2813:New Haven
2583:0048-1009
2575:1568-5365
2519:0021-9231
2172:0966-7393
2136:(2019) .
1948:56a, 56b.
1945:Sanhedrin
1800:. Brill.
1628:0021-9231
1555:Hellenism
1543:30 August
1437:; but he
1435:Jerusalem
1414:161369763
1398:1871-6636
1317:Cambridge
1140:metuentes
1132:sebomenoi
1046:Edinburgh
989:0029-5973
981:1568-5276
844:Noahidism
765:Cornelius
733:salvation
686:foreskins
677:gymnasium
632:Judaizing
425:metuentes
417:sebomenoi
366:euphemism
306:Palestine
295:synagogue
260:Pharisees
131:(such as
74:θεοσεβεῖς
4316:Noahides
4230:Apollyon
4177:Philetus
4172:Philemon
4157:Onesimus
4107:Herodion
4082:Epaphras
4067:Crescens
4022:Achaicus
4014:Epistles
3974:Drusilla
3962:Berenice
3931:Tiberius
3897:Longinus
3891:Herodias
3837:Tychicus
3787:Silvanus
3785: /
3768:Sapphira
3733:Parmenas
3728:Nicholas
3713:Matthias
3641:Gamaliel
3636:Eutychus
3626:Egyptian
3586:Barnabas
3560:(Judaea)
3558:Ananias
3550:Ananias
3426:Apostles
3367:Prophets
3357:Nameless
3254:Multiple
3120:Lysanias
3024:Caiaphas
3006:Barabbas
2991:Alphaeus
2897:(1906),
2878:Archived
2857:Archived
2805:(2018).
2761:(2005).
2686:11 April
2667:New York
2639:11 April
2620:Tübingen
2591:24735868
2466:11 April
2461:29580193
2453:11568485
2407:epispasm
2388:(1906).
2353:11 April
2332:Elsevier
2296:11 April
2269:New York
2224:Eerdmans
2214:(2009).
2188:Archived
2078:(eds.).
2053:Shekinah
2037:11 April
2020:(1906).
1852:(1992).
1768:(1992),
1706:Archived
1661:Tübingen
1533:Tel Aviv
1358:(2007).
1271:Florence
1232:Shamayim
1178:Eerdmans
1168:(1986).
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767:and the
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362:the Name
358:יראי השם
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233:artisans
225:freedmen
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3870:Antipas
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3802:Sopater
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