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were joined by Dmitry. I saw him arriving through the iron bars of my window, and was struck by his sad expression. The first twenty-four hours were hard, but after that, they luckily allowed us to have our camp beds and also our clothes. There is no one in the prison but we three". They were guarded by soldiers from the Baltic provinces. "They treat us like comrades, and have not locked our cells after the second day, while they allow us to walk in the small garden in the courtyard. Our food is brought from outside". While imprisoned, they learned that
Nicholas II and his family had been killed; this seemed to indicate the worst and princess Tatiana left Vologda with her two young children to return to Petrograd. Then on 21 July, all of the exiled Grand Dukes in Vologda were again transferred back to Petrograd. In the former Imperial capital, the men were quickly imprisoned with six other detainees in a cell at Cheka Headquarters.
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to 45 minutes twice a day, although the personal contact allowed in
Vologda was denied them here at first. Their wardens, all of whom were soldiers, treated them well; they even helped the grand dukes smuggle out letters. After several days they were all allowed to gather in the courtyard and were permitted some provisions from the outside such as fresh linens and cigarettes. Their day began at 7 am when they were awakened by the steps in the hall of their jailers and the clank of their keys in the door. Lunch was served at noon, which consisted of dirty hot water with a few fish bones in it and black bread. The lights were turned on in the cells at 7 pm, although as the winter approached, the prisoners had to sit in darkness until that time. The meetings of the grand dukes during exercise gave them opportunity to exchange a few words.
490:, the grand duke received further promotions. On 26 May 1896, he was raised to the rank of Major-General, and three months later, he was named General à la suite in the Imperial Entourage. On 19 December 1904, Dmitry Konstantinovich was promoted to Lieutenant General and appointed Adjutant General to Nicholas II. Nicholas II also appointed the grand duke general director of the Imperial Stud in 1896. Despite his love of the military, it was this later post that struck the deepest chord in Dmitry Konstantinovich. On learning of his appointment, the grand duke – whom one courtier termed "timid beyond imagination" declared, " I should have eagerly accepted the appointment if it only meant looking after horses… I am afraid I shall never get on properly with officials."
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778:. They were then each escorted arm in arm with a soldier on each side towards a trench that had been dug in the courtyard. As they passed the cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Pavel where their ancestors were buried, the Grand Dukes crossed themselves. The prisoners were lined up before the ditch, in which there were already 13 bodies, Nikolai Mikhailovich who had been carrying his cat, handed it to a soldier asking him to look after it. All of the grand dukes faced death with the greatest courage. Georgy and Dmitry prayed quietly, Dmitry for the forgiveness of his murderers "
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386:, equipping the property with stables and exercise yard for the horses. Here he spent the summers with his regiment; in spring and fall, he invariably invited his regimental officers to his Palace, Strelna, which he inherited on the death of his father in 1892. Mornings were spent riding through the park in which, the grand duke put his men and their horses through intricate maneuvers; after lunch, he would lead the officers on walks through the exquisite gardens.
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382:. Celebrating Dmitry's majority on 26 November of that year was delayed owing the assassination of Alexander II. The ceremony took place later and coincided with the Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich and Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich taking an oath to the Emperor. Through the 1880s, Dmitry Konstantinovich served with his regiment with unceasing energy and an eye toward correcting grievances from his men. He built himself a two-storied dacha at
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502:. On 10 January 1904, Dmitry Konstantinovich relinquished command of the Horse Guard grenadiers Regiment. Although he would have been happy to remain in his post, his eyesight was failing rapidly, in detriment to his military career. Reluctantly he recognized that by remaining he was depriving another, more capable man of advancement. On leaving active service, the grand duke generously gave his dacha at
270:, age 16, Dmitry, age 14, and Vyacheslav, age 12) promise her that they would never drink, never give themselves to a life of self-indulgence, and never forget that all the privileges of their wealth and rank were meant for use and not enjoyment. Brought up under these conditions, the younger Konstantinovich grand dukes grew into thoughtful, introspective men
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training course with the
General Staff Academy in 1880, Dmitry Konstantinovich was promoted to Ordnance Officer and scheduled to make his first official appearance, when he would deliver the report as an Imperial Adjutant in the Guards Sappers Cavalry Regiment. The date for his first appearance was Sunday, 1 March 1881. Two hours after the review, his uncle
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were going to be transported to Moscow. Grand Duke
Nikolai Mikhailovich even thought that they might set free, but his brother Georgy said that it was more likely they were heading to another place to be shot. The Grand Dukes had an ominous hint of what was going to happen to them, when at the time of departure, they were told to leave their luggage.
414:, where he lived a quiet and misanthropic life and was his main residence until the revolution. He lived in a suite of rooms of the ground floor on the west wing that had previously been occupied by his father. He had the palace electrified, telephones were installed and modern plumbing provided for the bathroom and the kitchen.
232:. Like all the male members of the Romanov family, he was destined from birth to follow a military career. At his christening, Dmitry was named honorary colonel in Chief, a month later he was enrolled in the Guard Equipage, and in the Imperial family's 4th Rifle Battalion Life Guards Infantry Regiment.
695:, the Chairman of the Petrograd Cheka. Grand Duke Georgy wrote " Dmitry asked Uritsky why we were imprisoned, and his answer was that it was to save us as the people intended shooting us at Vologda", an explanation hard to believe. The prisoners were photographed, and then moved to the Kresty prison.
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and his family. That morning a car with four heavily armed men arrived and collected the Grand Dukes from their lodgings; they were transported to a small, walled village, where they could be more easily guarded. Grand Duke Georgy wrote to his wife in
England, "We were each given a cell, and later on
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when the revolution broke out in late
February 1917. In spite of the uncertainty of the times, he had purchased a large mansion on Petrogradsky Quay in Petrograd. He was staying there when he learned of Nicholas II's abdication and the declaration of the provisional government. After the fall of his
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Although the bodies of the other three grand dukes were thrown into a mass grave within the fortress, that of Dmitry
Konstantinovich was secretly collected the next morning by his devoted former Adjutant, von Leiming, rolled up in a rug and taken away for a private burial in the garden of a house in
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had also been exiled to the town. The prisoners enjoyed relative freedom; aside from having to report to Cheka
Headquarters once a week, they could come and go as they wished, and took long walks around the town, visiting and dining with each other frequently. In the middle of May, Colonel Alexander
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Dmitry soon disappointed his father's wishes when he decided to abandon his career in the Navy in favor of the
Imperial Army. He used the interval of an illness to ask his father to allow him to join the army. It was a blow to Konstantin to see his third consecutive son to leave the navy, but Dmitry
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The grand dukes were taken outside and loaded into a truck that already held four common criminals and six Red
Guardsmen. At 1:20 am on 28 January they left the prison. They drove towards the river by the fields of Mars, where the truck stalled. While the driver was trying to restart it, one of the
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Shortly thereafter, they were transferred to Shpalernaya prison, where they would remain for most of their incarceration. Here each had his own private cell, if only seven feet long and three feet wide. Their only furniture was a hard iron bed. The Grand Dukes were permitted to exercise a half-hour
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Dmitry's mother died in 1911, at her funeral the grand duke's poor eyesight became the source of temporary mirth at the end of the ceremony when he tried to kiss the icon his mother held in her hands. Unable to see clearly, he misjudged the distance and, bending forward to make his farewell, missed
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One day, the grand duke dispatched a hefty portion of his annual civil list income to support a struggling church. When Mosolov learnt of this he warned, " If you make gifts everywhere on this scale, your revenues will not last." But Dmitry Konstantinovich replied that the stipend was "not intended
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The grand duke was a lifelong bachelor, never involved in scandals. In his memoirs, his cousin Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich recalled that he was "a confirmed and enthusiastic woman-hater", then a term used for misogynists but also homosexuals. That Dimitry had close affectionate relationships
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At 11:30 pm on the night of 27–28 January, guards awoke Grand Dukes Dmitry Konstantinovich, and Nikolai Mikhailovich and Georgy Mikhailovich, in their cells at Shpalernaya prison, telling them that they were going to be moved and they had to pack their belongings. They initially assumed that they
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In Vologda, Dmitry Konstantinovich took two rooms in a house owned by a local merchant, just opposite the river. He lived in one room with Colonel Korochentzov, while Tatiana and the children occupied the other. They were not registered in their movement, and were able to walk about town at will.
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in the Crimea, the following year he commissioned the construction of Kichkine, from the Tartar word "tiny Jewel". The villa was designed in Moorish style and built with local whitewashed stone. Here the grand duke and his guest spent many pleasant evenings watching the sunset over the Black Sea,
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Dmitry Konstantinovich was fair, with blond hair and blue eyes, and wore a small cavalry mustache. He was tall and lean with long legs and a long neck that increased his extraordinary height. In a family known for the height of its male members, Dmitry was among the tallest. Grand Duchess Militsa
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On 6 April 1889, the grand duke was promoted to the rank of captain and given command of the 2nd Squadron of the Horse Guards. Three years later, on 10 December 1892, he was promoted to the rank of colonel and owing to his distinguished service, he was given command of the House Guards Grenadiers
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From left to right : Grand Duke Dmitry, Grand Duke Konstantin, Princess Tatiana, Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna on a bath chair. On the floor Princes Konstantin, Igor and Oleg. standing in the back Queen Olga, Grand Duchess Vera, Prince Ivan, Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Maravkievana, Prince
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was in a cell adjoining theirs; he was shocked at his uncle Dmitry's appearance when they were first reunited. Until the last, Gavril recalled, Dmitry was the cheerful favorite uncle of his childhood, telling him jokes, attempting to raise the spirits, and bribing prison Guards to carry hopeful
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and given the rank of Fligel-Adjutant. Six months later, after completing his initial infantry training, the grand duke was appointed lieutenant in the Horse Guards Regiment. He was to serve with the Horse Guards for twelve years as a junior officer, and finally as commander. After completing a
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Dmitry's father, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, was Admiral General of the Russian Navy and hoped one of his sons would follow in his footsteps. With this in mind, Dmitry received lessons in naval warfare and tactics. His religious education left a big imprint on him. He would be a deeply
654:. He chose Vologda, the closest city to the former Imperial Capital. On 18 April, Dmitry, carrying a suitcase and in the company of his niece, Princess Tatiana, her two children, the children's nanny, and his Adjutant Colonel Korochentzov, boarded a train and left Petrograd for exile.
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remembered him, as a "wonderful, kind person" who was almost a second father and wherever they saw him, they ran across the room, jumping up to hug him and wrap their arms around his neck. Dmitry Konstantinovich also loved to tease the children and play practical jokes on them.
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Alexander Mosolov, head of Nicholas II's Court Chancellery, described him as "full of good sense", remarking that Dmitry Konstantinovich "was the one among all the grand dukes who was most deeply imbued with the sense of his duty as a Prince and a cousin of the Emperor".
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and secretary O. Ya. Murnek, issued a resolution "The verdict of the Cheka to persons of the former imperial pack – to approve, informing the Central Executive Committee about it". The grand dukes were to be shot by the order of the Presidium of the VChk in the
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with the female members of his family suggests the latter. He was adored by his family and especially by his young nieces and nephews, with whom he would happily play and ride for hours. He was particularly close to the children of his brother Konstantin. His nephew
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Dmitry was very religious and he assumed responsibility for the church of the Apparition of the Virgin near Strelna, which was the regimental church of the Horse Grenadiers. He commissioned both an enlargement and a renovation program, which he paid for himself.
281:, they spent their time drilling, standing watch, and taking turns leading their fellow cadets. In 1877, the 17-year-old Dmitry made his first official public appearance as a member of the Imperial family, he joined Alexander II with his father and cousins
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province. In 1911, Dmitry became president of the Imperial Society of Horse Racing, and was named Honorary president of the Russian society of Care and Protection of Animals. In the autumn of 1913, he inaugurated the Russian Imperial Horse Exposition in
498:, who had won the Derby in Great Britain, for an astronomical 200,000 rubles; as soon as he arrived in Russia, the thoroughbred was put to stud at Tsarskoye Selo. Dmitry Konstantinovich held the post until 1905, when he was replaced with Major-General
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There are no eyewitness accounts of the execution. What is known is based on versions that are derived from rumors and second hand information. They vary on the details, some have an overly dramatic air about them, but they all have a similar ring.
1686:"Resolution on the termination of the criminal case No. 18 / 123666-93 "On clarification of the circumstances of the death of members of the Russian Imperial House and persons from their entourage during the period 1918-1919", paragraphs 10-13"
631:, the secret police. Initially they were just required not to leave the city. In March 1918 the Romanovs registered were summoned again now to be sent away. Dmitry went accompanied by Colonel Alexander Korochenzov, his adjutant and his niece
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the open coffin completely, tumbling off the steps with a loud crash as his ceremonial saber and medals struck the stone floor. Relatives rushed to his side, but the grand duke appeared unfazed and went on as though nothing had happened.
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Colonel von Leiming regularly sent food each day for Grand Duke Dmitry; on 29 January 1919, it was returned to him with a note the grand duke was no longer being held prisoner. The following day he learned that he had been executed.
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His parents' marriage was unhappy and Dmitry was still a child when his father started a new family with his mistress, a Russian ballerina. A second family setback scared him even further. Dmitry was 14 when his eldest brother
642:, decided to send the male members of the Romanov family into internal Russian exile. Fearing the eventual occupation of Petrograd by the Germans, they moved the capital to Moscow. Dmitry was offered a choice for exile:
782:" seemed to be his last words. Pavel, who was very sick, was shot on a stretcher. Grand Dukes Nikolai, Georgy and Dmitry were killed by the same blast. The fusillade of shots sent their bodies reeling into the trench.
331:. Duty stood at the core of his being and he was fiercely critical of a system, which pushed members of the Imperial family forward simply because of who they were. He believed that their promotions should be earned
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The grand duke's retirement allowed him to focus solely on his passion for horses. Dmitry Konstantinovich created a model equestrian center, the Dubrovsky Stud farm, outside the Village of Mirgord, in the
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Dmitry Konstantinovich was entranced with his new position, one of which demanded that he traveled across Russia and Europe, selecting the finest horses. Acting on his advice, the Imperial Stud purchased
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was disinherited, declared insane and sent into internal Russian exile, after stealing some diamonds from an icon in his mother's bedroom. Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna made her three remaining sons
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244:. Dmitry was a diligent and good student, polite and attentive, capable and kind. He was also very shy and introverted, preferring quiet times reading to more usual pursuits of childhood.
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Never meddling in politics, Dmitry Konstantinovich remained silent in the turmoil that preceded the fall of the Romanovs, believing it was not his place to offer unsolicited advice to
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family from power, he lived quietly, in obscurity, depending largely on Alexander Koronchentzov, his trusted Adjutant, for the necessities of daily life. His niece Princess
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von Leiming, one of Dmitry Konstantinovich's adjutants, arrived in Vologda with news that passage had been prepared to Finland, but the grand duke refused to leave Russia
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Regiment by Alexander III. Dmitry was a popular commander, and a tough and demanding officer. He took pride in his soldiers, and was greatly concerned with their welfare.
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Like his parents, Dmitry was musical; he had a particular love for Russian church music. In later years, he often sang in the chapel choirs at Strelna, the
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convicts tried to run and was shot in the back as he fled. The truck eventually began running again, and they drove to the fortress set up at the
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to set them free. Near the end of 1918, Prince Gavril, who was sick, was eventually permitted to leave and found his way out of Russia.
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to enable us to live as sybarites; this money is put into our hands in order that we may augment the prestige of the Imperial family".
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messages to his nephew's cell. Some of their relatives made frantic efforts in their behalf to obtain their release through
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considered him "the nicest and best among the grand dukes". He was proper, dignified and very refined in his manners.
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religious man all his life. As both of his parents were musical, he received singing lesson and learned to play the
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Some different soldiers appeared carrying another person, whom the grand dukes finally recognized as their cousin
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By then they had no doubt what was about to occur and the grand Dukes embraced each other for the last time.
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to the Emperor. He said that had he been in Petrograd at the time, he would have never signed the letter.
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At the age of 15, Dmitry, with his younger brother Vyacheslav, was enrolled as a cadet aboard the tender
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This quiet and uncertain situation was abruptly interrupted on 14 July, two days before the murder of
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Dmitry had anticipated a clash with Germany for years and was not surprised at the outbreak of
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title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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had been murdered. He was outraged that members of the Imperial family, among them his sister
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
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Upon arrival, Dmitry Konstantinovich and the other grand dukes were questioned at length by
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White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanov, 1859-1919
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The Red Terror in Petrograd / Comp., Foreword. and comments. S.V. Volkova . – Ed. 1st
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newspapers published a decree summoning all the Romanovs to report to the dreaded
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Dmitry Konstantinovich lived a quiet life devoid of scandal and controversy.
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Intensely shy, Dmitry preferred to avoid society, but on summer evenings at
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unaware that the sun was also setting over their privileged way of life.
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despite the fact that it was almost 20 degrees (Fahrenheit) below zero.
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in Petrograd in January 1919 as hostages in response to the murders of
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Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
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On 9 January 1919, the Presidium of the Cheka in a meeting chaired by
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of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
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On 1 June 1880, Dmitry Konstantinovich was appointed to the suite of
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promoted Dmitry Konstantinovich to the position of Adjutant in the
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The Grand Duke received several Russian and foreign decorations:
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he often rode from Strelna to Znamenka, the house of his cousin,
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to the Horse Guards Regiment, to be used as an officer's club.
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Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima
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The grand duke's main residence was the splendid Palace of
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Grand Duke Dmitry. Standing behind Tsar Alexander III, 1893
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Shortly after they arrival, they learned that Grand Dukes
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Ancestors of Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia
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Gabriel and Prince Christopher of Greece on sailor suit.
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on a journey to southern Russia in the aftermath of the
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19th-century military personnel from the Russian Empire
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1896:. No. 36823. London. 18 July 1902. p. 3.
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1788:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p.
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1871:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 519.
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1866:
1839:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste
1323:Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg
765:Saint Peter and Saint Paul Cathedral
452:Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Mavrikievna
256:Grand Duke Dmitry in his early youth
195:Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg
138:Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg
27:Russian grand duke (1860–1919)
2460:Recipients of the Order of St. Sava
2455:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2192:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
938:– during a visit to Russia of King
932:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
638:The Bolshevik leader of Petrograd,
24:
2268:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
2136:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
2031:The generations are numbered from
349:
247:
163:Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich
25:
2511:
2445:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
2237:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
2202:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
2172:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
1910:Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia,
1786:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste
1572:Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia,
1239:Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
895:Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
615:Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich
606:
118:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
35:Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich
2278:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
2222:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
2162:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
2105:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
1945:King, Greg & Wilson, Penny,
1771:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
1117:Frederick William III of Prussia
2327:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
2304:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
2293:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
2283:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2273:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
2227:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
2212:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2182:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
2177:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
2141:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
1904:
1885:
1860:
1845:
1774:
1760:
1704:
1678:
811:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
633:Princess Tatiana Constantinovna
2363:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2321:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
2288:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
2247:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
2242:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
2232:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2146:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
1566:
1265:Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
1175:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1055:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
842:Order of the Württemberg Crown
776:Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich
710:who was sympathetic and asked
432:Prince Gabriel Konstantinovich
13:
1:
2435:People from Petergofsky Uyezd
2187:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
1732:: Cockfield, Jamie H, p. 244.
1385:Duchess Amelia of Württemberg
703:Prince Gavril Konstantinovich
509:
442:From left to right (sitting):
327:and the Pokrovsky Convent in
287:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
180:
2345:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2217:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
2115:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
1867:M. & B. Wattel. (2009).
957:Order of the Cross of Takovo
940:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
749:
678:
480:Prince Christopher of Greece
291:Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878
66:Saint Petersburg Governorate
7:
2298:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
1981:, Sutton Publishing, 2000,
1966:, Sutton Publishing, 1999,
963:
589:Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich
585:Olga, Queen of the Hellenes
460:Olga, Queen of the Hellenes
10:
2516:
2047:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
1792:– via hathitrust.org
1332:
1216:
1090:
984:
880:Principality of Montenegro
821:Knight (1st Class) of the
2372:
2354:
2336:
2313:
2255:
2154:
2123:
2092:
2076:
2055:
2039:
2029:
1822:Acović, Dragomir (2012).
1402:
1394:
1366:
1359:Duke Louis of Württemberg
1344:
1340:
1304:
1282:
1274:
1246:
1224:
1220:
1182:
1160:
1152:
1124:
1102:
1098:
1062:
1040:
1032:
1004:
988:
902:Order of the White Falcon
823:Order of Saint Stanislaus
158:
133:
123:
111:
95:
75:
48:
39:
34:
2475:Murdered Russian royalty
1914:, Cassell, London, 1932.
1465:
872:Order of Prince Danilo I
857:Order of the Black Eagle
829:Order of the White Eagle
159:Дми́трий Константи́нович
2495:Executed Russian people
1782:"Schwarzer Adler-orden"
1591:: Chavchavadze, p. 154.
732:Peter and Paul Fortress
358:Grand Duke Dmitry, 1891
263:Nikolai Konstantinovich
167:Alexander III of Russia
1964:The Romanovs 1818–1959
850:Kingdom of Württemberg
688:
623:of November 1917, the
616:
594:The grand duke was in
565:
520:
483:
403:
359:
312:
257:
209:
165:and a first cousin of
2440:Grand dukes of Russia
2023:Grand Dukes of Russia
1949:, Eurohistory, 2006,
1917:Chavchavadze, David,
686:
619:After the successful
614:
561:Grand Duke Dmitry at
560:
517:
474:, Grand Duke Dmitry,
448:Grand Duke Konstantin
441:
401:
357:
344:Grand Duchess Militsa
299:
255:
207:
1977:Zeepvat, Charlotte,
1931:Cockfield, Jamie H.
1143:Charlotte of Prussia
1023:Nicholas I of Russia
910:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
300:Grand Dukes Dmitry,
2430:People from Strelna
1960:Van der Kiste, John
1753:King & Wilson,
1671:King & Wilson,
1655:King & Wilson,
1642:King & Wilson,
1629:King & Wilson,
1616:King & Wilson,
1603:King & Wilson,
1574:Always A Grand Duke
1559:King & Wilson,
1530:King & Wilson,
1496:King & Wilson,
1478:King & Wilson,
959:(Kingdom of Serbia)
955:Grand Cross of the
946:Order of Saint Sava
944:Grand Cross of the
915:Grand Cross of the
900:Grand Cross of the
885:Grand Cross of the
870:Grand Cross of the
840:Grand Cross of the
805:Order of St. Andrew
664:Georgy Mikhailovich
318:Alexandra Iosifovna
1921:, Atlantic, 1989,
1837:"Ludewigs-orden",
865:Kingdom of Prussia
790:Honours and awards
689:
621:October Revolution
617:
566:
553:War and Revolution
521:
484:
404:
394:Russian Grand Duke
374:In November 1881,
360:
313:
310:Grand Duchess Vera
308:with their sister
258:
210:
2407:
2406:
2033:Peter I of Russia
1935:. Praeger, 2002,
1912:Once a Grand Duke
1878:978-2-35077-135-9
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
950:Kingdom of Serbia
861:14 September 1879
817:Order of St. Anna
456:Prince Konstantin
283:Grand Duke Sergei
175:Russian Civil War
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
2507:
2490:Executed royalty
2400:
2393:
2386:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1688:. Archived from
1682:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1512:
1501:
1494:
1483:
1476:
997:Paul I of Russia
978:
977:
969:
968:
917:Legion of Honour
770:
727:Ivan Ksenofontov
640:Grigory Zinoviev
468:Princess Tatiana
380:H. I. M. Retinue
340:Grand Duke Pyotr
171:Tsar Nicholas II
160:
153:
101:Saint Petersburg
82:
58:
56:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2376:
2368:
2355:10th generation
2350:
2332:
2309:
2251:
2150:
2119:
2088:
2072:
2051:
2035:
2025:
2020:
1979:Romanov Autumn
1919:The Grand Dukes
1907:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1865:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1811:
1795:
1794:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1692:on 21 July 2013
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1595:
1589:The Grand Dukes
1587:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1548:The Grand Dukes
1545:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1463:
966:
792:
768:
752:
736:Karl Liebknecht
681:
609:
555:
512:
500:Alexei Zdnovich
396:
352:
350:Military career
279:Gulf of Finland
250:
248:Formative years
183:
149:
107:
84:
80:
79:28 January 1919
60:
54:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2337:9th generation
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2314:8th generation
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2256:7th generation
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2155:6th generation
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2124:5th generation
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2093:4th generation
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2077:3rd generation
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2056:2nd generation
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:1st generation
2037:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1975:
1957:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1884:
1877:
1859:
1844:
1829:
1809:
1773:
1759:
1746:
1734:
1717:
1703:
1677:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1593:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1546:Chavchavadze,
1536:
1520:
1516:Romanov Autumn
1502:
1484:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
974:
973:
967:
965:
962:
961:
960:
953:
942:
930:Knight of the
928:
913:
898:
883:
868:
855:Knight of the
853:
837:
836:
832:
831:
827:Knight of the
825:
819:
815:Knight of the
813:
809:Knight of the
807:
803:Knight of the
800:
799:
791:
788:
751:
748:
740:Rosa Luxemburg
693:Moisei Uritsky
680:
677:
608:
607:Internal exile
605:
554:
551:
511:
508:
472:Prince Gabriel
395:
392:
351:
348:
249:
246:
182:
179:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
99:
97:
93:
92:
83:(aged 58)
77:
73:
72:
70:Russian Empire
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2512:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2379:Alexander III
2375:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Alexander III
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:0-7509-2739-9
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:0-7509-2275-3
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:0-9771961-4-3
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:0-275-97778-1
1938:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:0-938311-11-5
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1014:
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1694:. Retrieved
1690:the original
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81:(1919-01-28)
59:13 June 1860
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2425:1919 deaths
2420:1860 births
2263:Nicholas II
2100:Alexander I
708:Maxim Gorky
672:Nicholas II
577:Nicholas II
570:World War I
496:Galtee More
488:Nicholas II
464:Prince Igor
444:Prince Oleg
2414:Categories
2110:Nicholas I
1730:White Crow
510:Retirement
306:Konstantin
302:Vyacheslav
268:Konstantin
214:arithmetic
181:Early life
55:1860-06-13
2068:Peter III
1894:The Times
1696:6 January
1514:Zeepvat,
936:July 1902
921:June 1902
750:Execution
679:Captivity
625:Petrograd
596:Petrograd
151:‹See Tfd›
86:Petrograd
2063:Peter II
1798:citation
1757:, p. 184
1675:, p. 182
1659:, p. 181
1646:, p. 164
1633:, p. 163
1550:, p. 153
1518:, p. 208
964:Ancestry
660:Nicholas
581:Rasputin
336:Petergof
275:Kadetski
240:and the
1620:, p. 99
1607:, p. 97
1563:, p. 96
1534:, p. 94
1500:, p. 93
1482:, p. 92
835:Foreign
798:Russian
648:Olonets
644:Vologda
601:Tatiana
563:Strelna
526:Poltava
412:Strelna
230:English
218:Russian
187:Strelna
155:Russian
62:Strelna
2084:Paul I
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652:Vyatka
542:Gaspra
538:Crimea
486:Under
242:violin
226:German
222:French
134:Mother
124:Father
105:Russia
96:Burial
2383:ukase
1466:Notes
712:Lenin
650:, or
629:Cheka
238:piano
113:House
1983:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1804:link
1698:2021
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1357:14.
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