476:
446:; in Spanish it also means "leg of pork", "beardless ", "bald", "close-cropped", or "shorn/shaven/ cut close to the surface". Around 1670, a Catholic missionary reported that men were sporting a style in which their heads were shaven, save for a "finger-length" amount of hair at the crown. This hairstyle has often been portrayed in modern-day depictions of early Chamorros, but the first European descriptions of the physical appearance of the Chamorro people in the 1520s and '30s report that both sexes had long black hair, which they wore down to their waists or even further. Another description, given about 50 years later, reported that the natives at that time were tying up their hair into one or two topknots.
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world with their body parts and souls. Puntan's various body parts were turned into the land, his chest into the sky, his eyebrows into rainbows, and his eyes into the sun and moon. Fu’una having the ability to give life, brought the sun, soil, and waters to life, and with a final transformation, she turned into stone and gave birth to the
Chamorro people. Evidence supporting this creation story can be seen through the names of the villages on Guam as they are named after body parts. Barrigada translates to flank, Tiyan translates to stomach, Hagatna translates to blood and Mongmong translates to a heartbeat.
217:
1352:
693:
152:
1092:
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184:
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592:). Recent advanced DNA testing conducted on the remains of ancient Chamorros showed that the lineage of both the Unai and the Latte periods originated during the Holocene Epoch in eastern Indonesia, most likely Sulawesi, with no direct prehistoric connection to the Philippines. They were expert seafarers and skilled craftspeople familiar with intricate weaving and detailed pottery-making. The
993:. Chamorros from the Northern Marianas, who had been under Japanese rule for more than 20 years, were brought to Guam to assist the Japanese administration. This, combined with the harsh treatment of Chamorros during the two-and-a-half-year occupation, created a rift that would become the main reason Chamorros rejected
1322:
In 1950, the population of Guam gained the full
American citizenship, which favoured Guamanian migration to the US. So, the first major Guamanian migration emerged and more of 160 Guamanians emigrated to the US in the '50s. Many of them moved to California. In 1952, Guamanian immigrants founded their
781:
The
Chamorro creation story revolves around two celestial siblings named Puntan and Fu'una. In time, this creation story underwent a series of modifications due to the complications in passing the story along from generation to generation. In this Chamorro creation story, Puntan and Fu'una create the
806:
types. Taotaomona essentially translates to "people of early times," referring to the ancestors of the
Chamorro peoples. The Taotaomona is a supernatural ancestral spirit that Chamorros and some neighboring islanders from Rota and Saipan believe in. The Taotaomona possess a strength that far exceeds
647:
According to early
Chamorro legend, the world was created by a twin brother and sister, Puntan and Fu'uña. As he lay dying, Puntan instructed his sister Fu'uña to make his body into the ingredients of the universe. She used his eyes to create the Sun and Moon, his eyebrows to make rainbows, and most
517:
Chamorro is often spoken in many homes, but this is becoming less common. However, a resurgence of interest in reviving the language has occurred, and all public schools on both Guam and the
Northern Marianas are now required by law to teach the Chamorro language as part of the elementary-, middle-,
1024:
The increasing numbers of
Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. mainland, has complicated both the definition and preservation of Chamorro identity. On Guam, a Chamorro rights movement has developed since the United States gained control of the island. Leaders of the movement
741:
Prior to
Spanish contact, Chamorro boys and men wore no clothing and went about fully nude at all times. Chamorro girls went nude until around the age of eight to ten, at which point they began to wear a small genital covering made either of bark, one or more leaves, a piece of a turtle shell or in
1314:
The early
Chamorros who migrated to the US were Guamanians who moved in the first decade of the 20th century. In the following decades, small groups of Guamanians emigrated to Hawaii and the Western United States, where they worked as farmers. The population of Guam got the American citizenship in
1055:
Chamorro culture has over the years acquired noticeable influences from
Spanish, Mexican, American, Japanese, and Filipino cultures, as well as the presence of fellow Oceanic (mostly Micronesian) groups. Influence from the German era in the Northern Marianas is most visible in the form of certain
732:
class. Achoti could gain status as Matua, and Matua could be reduced to Achoti, but Manachang were born and died as such and had no recourse to improve their station. Members of the Manachang and the Chamori were not permitted to intermingle. All three classes performed physical labor, but had
679:
was practiced to placate a "great fish". This claim may be related to a Chamorro legend about why the island of Guam is narrow in the middle. According to the legend, a gigantic fish was gradually eating away at the island from both sides. Although the ancient Chamorros supposedly had magical
864:, had encountered the first "Indios" since leaving South America. Later Spanish visitors named the inhabitants "Chamurres", derived from a local term for the upper caste; this was then converted to "Chamorros", an old Spanish term for "bald", perhaps in reference to the local habit to shave.
1105:
and cockfight-related gambling were introduced by the Spanish and have long been a significant pastime in Chamoru culture, especially among men. It is still popular among the members of older generations and with Filipino immigrants, who raise roosters for cockfighting purposes; however,
1020:
provided for the office's popular election. Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing in Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a nonvoting member. They do, however, get to vote for party delegates in presidential primaries.
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specifically different duties. Le Gobien theorized that Chamorro society comprised the geographical convergence of peoples of different ethnic origins. This idea may be supportable by the evidence of linguistic characteristics of the Chamorro language and social customs.
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910:
to prevent rebellion. An estimated 100,000 Chamorros may have populated the Marianas when Europeans first settled in 1667. By 1800, they numbered under 1,000. Within the parishes, the Spaniards eventually focused their efforts on converting the natives to
801:
and hauntings in places such as in Yona, other old buildings, schools, hotel elevators, and the Ma’ina bridge. Taotaomo'na are spirits of ancient Chamorros. Birak is a broader term that may refer not only to the undead, but also to demons or general
1113:
have grown in popularity as spectator sports, particularly among the members of more recent generations. Large-scale events are held throughout the year on Guam and Saipan, which feature local competitors and guest participants from abroad.
1158:
Among the 56 states and territories of the United States, the Mariana Islands have the highest rate of religious self-identification, with a combined percentage of only 1.75% of the population (Guam at 2.5% and the CNMI at just 1%)
680:
abilities, the huge creature eluded them. When the men were unsuccessful in hunting it down, the women used their hair to weave a net, which grew larger as they sang. The singing enchanted the fish, and lured it into the giant net.
1154:
and few in the Marianas still maintain some customs and beliefs from the time before the first European conquests; some residents of the Marianas will still ask permission from ancestral spirits before entering parts of jungles.
1079:
has a major cultural influence among the Chamorro; enlistment rates are higher in the Marianas than in any other place in the US. On Guam, the enlistment rate is around 14 people per 10,000; by contrast, the US state of
3998:
398:
After Spain annexed and colonized the Marianas, the caste system eventually became extinct under Spanish rule, and all of the indigenous residents of the archipelago eventually came to be referred to by the Spanish
1323:
first organization in US, the Guam Territorial Society (later renamed as the Guam Society of America), in Washington, D.C., where many worked for the Department of Defense and developing military operations.
683:
Enraged that Father Diego Luis de San Vitores had baptized his child, a Chamorro man and his friend killed the priest and Filipino catechist Pedro Calungsod in April 1672, dumping their bodies in the ocean.
1075:) is currently possessed by the United States of America, as organized but unincorporated territories; in addition, most people of Chamorro descent now live outside of the Marianas in the United States. The
4144:
807:
man and has the ability to cause sickness and death to those who offend them. The appearance of a Taotaomona can vary as they can be a female or male and can take an attractive form or a monstrous form.
1067:) are major components, although this varies from person to person and family to family. The culture is now strongly influenced by American customs and values, largely because the Marianas archipelago (
4109:
4771:
994:
1127:
Diabetes and heart disease have become increasingly common among the indigenous population, as well as among nonindigenous Oceanic people living in the Marianas, particularly the Carolinian
4428:
891:
during the Spanish colonial era (1521–1898 AD). Primarily since the late 19th century onward, many Chamorros have intermarried with other Pacific Islanders, mainland Americans, Filipinos,
4149:
4013:
1603:
453:, as reflected in the 2017 Guam Public Law 33-236. In 2018, the Commission on the CHamoru Language and the Teaching of the History and Culture of the Indigenous People of Guam announced
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is a distinct staple food that strongly identifies Chamorro cuisine among the many dishes of fellow Pacific Island cultures. It is commonly served for special events, such as parties (
4159:
1160:
4119:
4104:
4043:
1982:
4423:
4139:
4099:
2357:
1524:
4114:
1461:
716:, the Manachang being described as shorter, darker-skinned, and physically less hardy than the Chamori. The Chamori caste was further subdivided into the upper-middle class
652:", and transformed herself into a giant rock. This rock split, and from it emerged all human beings. Some believe that this rock was once located at the site of a church in
1948:
Hung, Hsiao-chun; Carson, Mike T.; Bellwood, Peter; Campos, Fredeliza Z.; Piper, Philip J.; Dizon, Eusebio; Bolunia, Mary Jane Louise A.; Oxenham, Marc; Chi, Zhang (2015).
1016:, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968 when the
1063:("doing good for each other", often translated as interdependence) is a core value of traditional Chamorro culture. Respect for one's family, community, and the elderly (
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997:
on reunification approved by the Northern Marianas in the 1960s. During the occupation, Chamorros were subjected to forced labor, incarceration, torture, and execution.
2703:
618:
Spanish colonial records show that Chamorro farmers planted seeds according to the phases of the moon. For example, farmers on Guam often plant tuber crops such as
4008:
765:" were employed as a chastity measure for young males, a type of genital piercing similar to those employed by inhabitants of precolonial maritime Southeast Asia.
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are consumed in various local recipes. In the Marianas, Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and American cuisine are also commonly available. Local cookies are known as
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During the Spanish colonial era, the Chamorro population was greatly reduced by the introduction of European diseases and changes in society during the
704:, and continued to be so for well over a century after the Spanish first arrived. According to historical records provided by Europeans, such as Father
1614:
1326:
In the 1960s, hundreds of Guamanians migrated to the United States, when the largest numbers emigrated to this country. Most of them were fleeing the
610:", one characteristic of which is that the brother(s) of the female parent plays a more primary paternal role than biological male parent of a child.
2602:
1124:. The concept of a "clan" stemming from a common female ancestor is still observed. Large extended families remain central to life in the Marianas.
675:, but did not practice a formal "religion" in the sense of worshiping deities. At least one account by Christoph Carl Fernberger in 1623 holds that
4887:
1311:
According to the 2010 census, 148,220 Chamorros are living in the United States, mostly from Guam, but also from the Northern Marianas and Saipan.
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4892:
3753:
2574:
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1744:
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Father Pierre Coomans wrote of the practice among Chamorro women of teeth blackening/dental lacquering (also a widespread custom in ancient
2955:
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Chamorro cuisine is influenced by various cultures. Examples of popular foods of foreign origin include various types of sweet or savory
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The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 Census, 2010 Census Briefs, United States Bureau of the Census, May 2012
2259:
1685:
4882:
3899:
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Another resource for Chamorros and those interested in the Chamorro people and culture. Useful for Chamorros interested in genealogy.
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1912:
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Village scene depicting caste differences, 1819. Apart from the man at the far left, all men and women are depicted as fully nude.
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Archeological evidence from islands in the Marianas reveals that rice was cultivated there since prehistory. Red rice made with
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soup). Fruit bats and local birds have become scarce in modern times primarily due to the World War II-era introduction of the
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being the least so. The Chamorros are primarily of Austronesian ancestry, but began to significantly interact with Spanish and
761:), which they considered beautiful as a distinction apart from animals. Fernberger wrote in his account of the Chamorros that "
425:
is treated as a single letter, hence both characters are capitalized at the beginning of a sentence or proper noun, much like
107:
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1495:
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of the rest of his parts into various features of the Earth. Once her work was complete, she descended on an island called "
79:
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Durand; et al. (1997). "Diabetes in the indigenous population of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands".
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2765:
1084:, which has the highest per capita enlistment, has a rate near half that, with about eight people per 10,000. (See the
379:
Americans according to the U.S. Census. According to the 2000 Census, about 64,590 people of Chamorro ancestry live in
86:
3904:
3768:
2672:
2644:
2612:
2584:
2341:
2042:
1457:
126:
945:, signed on December 10, 1898, Spain ceded Guam to the United States effective April 11, 1899. Guam is among the 17
4811:
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3643:
3243:
3216:
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2704:"Proclamation 5564—United States Relations With the Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands"
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332:
60:
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600:, was used by early Chamorros as foundation for buildings, and has since been appropriated as a national symbol.
347:, a commonwealth of the US. Today, significant Chamorro populations also exist in several U.S. states, including
93:
4076:
4033:
3914:
3305:
2964:
2067:
1490:
1319:, many more Guamanians emigrated to the US. Most of them were in the military or married with military people.
1172:
585:
64:
4821:
4184:
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324:
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75:
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as the preferred standardized spelling of the language and people, as opposed to the conventional spelling
510:
family. Because Guam was colonized by Spain for over 300 years, Chamorro has acquired many loanwords from
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4705:
4625:
4134:
3963:
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3854:
3718:
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1930:
906:. The Spaniards killed many Chamorro men and relocated most others to Guam, where they lived in several
4849:
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4407:
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3451:
3158:
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2745:
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1804:
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and other canned meats were introduced to the islands after World War II, leading to a dietary shift.
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some cases matting. Both sexes at times wore hats of woven leaves to protect themselves from the sun.
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1297:(fruit bat) population, as well. Illegal hunting of fruit bats also threatens existing populations.
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934:
340:
222:
2109:
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957:
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883:), and present-day Chamorro society is almost entirely multiethnic, with the inhabitants of Luta/
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53:
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1636:
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for women) are still greatly respected for their knowledge of herbal treatments and spirits.
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played a role in its being used to refer to the island's indigenous inhabitants. Not only is
419:
100:
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3032:
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1549:
1205:. The Spanish settlement in the 17th century also introduced cattle, leading to dishes like
514:. An example is how the traditional Chamorro number system was replaced by Spanish numbers.
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4387:
4367:
4352:
4249:
4129:
3909:
3813:
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2135:
1348:, has the largest Chamorro population with 4,931 persons or 0.62% of the total population.
1068:
577:
561:
8:
4816:
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4229:
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1271:, a dish in which meat is denatured in whole or in part by citric acid rather than heat;
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1337:
In the '70s, another wave of Guamanians arrived in the US. In 1986, the US acquired the
692:
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1604:"Ethnic Origin or Race: 2010 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Summary File"
1485:
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2007:
1829:
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569:
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The Chamorros are commonly believed to have arrived in the Marianas Islands from the
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443:
415:
237:
3188:
2443:
2411:
2358:"Total Military Recruits: Army, Navy, Air Force (per capita) (most recent) by state"
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1961:
1609:
1582:
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1405:
1351:
1290:
1207:
1095:
762:
581:
511:
284:
242:
3416:
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3125:
2718:"People are fleeing Puerto Rico, Guam and every other U.S. territory. What gives?"
2161:
603:
Chamorro society was based on what sociologist Lawrence J. Cunningham termed the "
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4301:
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Chapter: Pacific Islanders in the U.S., written by Faye Untalan Muñoz. Page 43.
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1396:(born 1993), American NFL football offensive tackle for the Pittsburgh Steelers
1048:
1002:
974:
915:. Father Frances X. Hezel stated that Chamorros caught or reported engaging in
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432:
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28:
4254:
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1949:
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884:
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189:
2604:
Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Part 3
1230:, and occasions such as a high-school or college graduations. The condiment
930:. Spanish soldiers settled in Guam and all Chamorro have Spanish ancestry.
4518:
3559:
3554:
3466:
3115:
3044:
3002:
2979:
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2403:
2215:"The Chamorro Creation Story, Guam Land Struggles, and Contemporary Poetry"
2214:
1375:
1316:
966:
619:
427:
269:
1098:
is the first Chamorro two-star flag officer in the United States military.
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848:
773:
4598:
4538:
4513:
4219:
3663:
3514:
3039:
2847:
2796:
2426:"Northern Mariana Islands Travel – Guides & Reviews – Travel Library"
1950:"The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas"
1393:
1384:(born 1980) award-winning poet, essayist, and former university professor
1300:
1202:
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982:
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839:
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1857:"Commission: CHamoru, not Chamorro; Guam's female governor is maga'håga"
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3074:
2664:
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Neurobiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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Guampdn.com, Ghost stories: Taotaomona and other spirits inhabit Guam
1286:
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888:
803:
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565:
364:
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1420:, first Chamorro two-star flag officer in the United States military
1181:
156:
Chamorro performers at the Pacific Islander Festival Association in
42:
4593:
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4372:
3401:
3372:
3275:
3224:
3089:
3017:
2576:
Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Volume one-two
1467:
1273:
1267:
916:
573:
3084:
2563:
1293:, which decimated the populations of local birds and threatens the
1025:
seek to return ancestral lands to the Chamorro people, and attain
969:, five American jurisdictions were in the Pacific Ocean: Guam and
4558:
4523:
4473:
4464:
3589:
3524:
3426:
3359:
3054:
1983:"Ancient Chamorros may have come from Indonesia, researchers say"
1550:"The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010"
1356:
1258:
1246:
1081:
872:
750:
411:
391:
Precolonial society in the Marianas was based on a caste system,
919:"sorcery" were publicly punished. Through this, they were given
4488:
3584:
3534:
3079:
2973:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
2706:. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
1378:(born 1959), Chamorro Rights Advocate & former Guam Senator
1226:
1215:
1197:
978:
907:
665:
400:
372:
368:
348:
4424:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
2193:
A Pre-Missionary Manuscript Record of the Chamorro, Micronesia
1637:"Chamorro definition and meaning – Collins English Dictionary"
708:, apparent racial differences existed between the subservient
4543:
4498:
3478:
3461:
3446:
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2621:
Pacific Islander and Pacific Islander Americans, 1940-present
1390:, a cultural anthropologist from the Northern Mariana Islands
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Del español al chamorro: Lenguas en contacto en el Pacífico
1450:(born 1880), chaperone for the Navy's Native Nurses program
1121:
1085:
1072:
649:
380:
336:
311:
302:
204:
2661:
M. Flint Beal; Anthony E. Lang; Albert C. Ludolph (2005).
2572:
1913:"Youth Congress passes three bills, adopts one resolution"
1462:
Northern Mariana Islands's at-large congressional district
947:
nonself-governing territories listed by the United Nations
438:
Some people theorize that Spanish definitions of the word
3182:
2654:
1525:"Language commission launches latest CHamoru orthography"
1438:, Chamorro-American member of the United States Air Force
785:
Traditional beliefs among the Chamorros include tales of
589:
1947:
985:
in Southeast Asia. On December 8, 1941, hours after the
871:
have been occupied by several foreign countries (Spain,
449:
Chamorro institutions on Guam advocate for the spelling
1884:. Madrid, 2009, Ediciones Gondo, www.edicionesgondo.com
1014:
unincorporated organized territory of the United States
596:, a megalithic rock pillar topped with a hemispherical
2058:
Wuerch, William L.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (1994).
584:
to the south (in particular the outer islands of the
1931:"Chamorro Greetings | Chamorro Culture in Guam"
525:, a greeting which approximates "hello" in English.
2682:
2523:"REVIEW ESSAY: The Song Maps of Craig Santos Perez"
2350:
1341:, which favoured migration from islands to the US.
296:
293:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2325:
2136:"Columbia April 2024 by Columbia Magazine - Issuu"
2037:. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bess Press, Inc. p. 229.
383:and another 19,000 live in the Northern Marianas.
2963:
2549:
2320:
2062:. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. pp. 12–13.
1895:"Law requires kids to take more Chamorro classes"
1686:The Puerto Rico and Insular Areas (Archived copy)
777:Taotaomona are believed to live near Latte stones
4869:
2057:
1854:
1306:
989:, Japanese forces from the Marianas launched an
795:, as well as the Spanish-introduced concepts of
736:
656:, while others believe it is the phallic-shaped
2085:"Folktale: Puntan and Fu'una: Gods of Creation"
2787:
1161:not claiming membership in or affiliation with
4626:
3964:
3719:
2949:
2773:
2748:from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community
1974:
395:being the name of the ruling, highest caste.
2060:Historical Dictionary of Guam and Micronesia
1745:"Spanish to English translation: "Chamorro""
341:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
2316:
2314:
1798:
1796:
1408:(born 1958), Chamorro Pulitzer Prize winner
1402:(died 1993), businesswoman and entrepreneur
961:Group of Chamorros on Guam in the mid-1940s
700:Chamorro society was divided into two main
4633:
4619:
3971:
3957:
3726:
3712:
2956:
2942:
2780:
2766:
2455:Guampedia – The Online Resource About Guam
2083:Hattori, Anne Perez (September 23, 2016).
2032:
1702:
1432:, aide to former US president Donald Trump
1277:, a meat dish made with coconut milk; and
1032:
375:, all of which together are designated as
150:
3978:
2697:
2468:
2375:
1965:
1737:
1117:Chamorro life has long centered on one's
1088:page for more details about this topic.)
634:
560:. They are most closely related to other
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3733:
2692:. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 1974.
2623:, written by Matthew Kester. Page 1177.
2520:
2418:
2311:
2180:
1999:
1980:
1793:
1767:
1731:"Spanish-English Dictionary: "Chamorro""
1698:
1696:
1518:
1516:
1350:
1180:
1090:
1042:
956:
847:
772:
691:
638:
537:
521:A commonly spoken phrase in Chamorro is
474:
34:Indigenous people of the Mariana Islands
4888:Indigenous peoples in the United States
4640:
2715:
2594:
2360:. StateMaster.com. 2010. Archived from
2082:
2026:
1723:
1579:"2020 Island Areas Censuses: Guam File"
1236:accompanies most meals. Fruits such as
14:
4893:Oceanian diaspora in the United States
4870:
2716:Van Dam, Andrew (September 23, 2022).
2632:
2626:
2600:
2491:
2381:
2189:"FERNBERGER'S ACCOUNT OF THE MARIANAS"
2153:
1522:
1195:, originally introduced by Spain, and
860:and his men, after having crossed the
4614:
3952:
3707:
3111:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
2937:
2761:
2573:Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (2010).
2474:
2270:
2212:
2159:
1855:Daily Post Staff (30 November 2018).
1693:
1513:
1496:Guamanian citizenship and nationality
999:American forces recaptured the island
687:
4836:For other topics including Oceanian
3244:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
2636:Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising
2521:Bevacqua, Michael Lujan web (2015).
2428:. Travel-library.com. Archived from
2186:
1981:Erediano, Emmanuel T. (2022-06-01).
1941:
1363:
176:Regions with significant populations
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
2690:"Civil Rights Digest, Volumes 9-11"
2264:
1809:Ancient Chamorro Concepts of Beauty
1523:Sablan, Jerick (January 21, 2021).
24:
4180:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
2497:
2332:. Harper Perennial, 2003. p.
2213:Perez, Craig Santos (2020-04-01).
2206:
2110:"How the Young Maidens Saved Guam"
2005:
1802:
533:
331:, politically divided between the
25:
4904:
2739:
1987:Marianas Variety News & Views
1414:(born 1983), mixed martial artist
1056:given names and family surnames.
928:or Alphabetic Catalog of Surnames
4883:Indigenous peoples of Micronesia
3644:World Invitational Hula Festival
2273:"The Taotaomona Stories of Guam"
926:Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos
828:
819:
283:
215:
197:
182:
41:
3164:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
2709:
2601:Barkan, Elliott Robert (2013).
2514:
2253:
2128:
2102:
2076:
2051:
1923:
1905:
1887:
1874:
1848:
1822:
1805:"Hairstyles and teeth staining"
1265:Locally distinct foods include
952:
810:
52:needs additional citations for
4661:Federated States of Micronesia
4544:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
4235:Federated States of Micronesia
3999:Federated States of Micronesia
3754:Federated States of Micronesia
3249:Federated States of Micronesia
2477:"Ancient Chamorro Use of Rice"
1679:
1654:
1629:
1596:
1571:
1542:
1491:History of the Pacific Islands
1372:(born 1996), singer/songwriter
1177:Culture of Guam § Cuisine
1173:Cuisine of the Mariana Islands
626:at full moon during low tide.
613:
586:Federated States of Micronesia
564:from the Philippines, eastern
13:
1:
2965:Culture of indigenous Oceania
2033:Cunningham, Lawrence (1992).
1506:
1359:is of mixed Chamorro ancestry
1307:Diaspora in the United States
737:Clothing and beauty practices
671:Ancient Chamorros engaged in
562:Austronesian-speaking natives
4383:Oceanian legendary creatures
2639:. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
941:on June 21, 1898. Under the
724:and the highest, the ruling
546:structures may have appeared
518:and high-school curriculum.
444:"Chamorro" a Spanish surname
386:
7:
4858:Category:Culture of Oceania
2746:Chamorro census information
2633:Pettey, Janice Gow (2002).
2500:"Fanihi: Mariana Fruit Bat"
2451:"Tinala' Katne: Dried Beef"
2008:"Distribution of authority"
1474:
1460:to the U.S. House from the
1315:1929. So, after the end of
1145:
1134:Traditional healers called
1059:The prehistoric concept of
852:Chamorro girls in the 1930s
768:
464:
418:of the Spanish exonym. The
10:
4909:
4465:Chatham Islander (Moriori
3373:Weriyeng navigation school
2789:Pacific Islander Americans
2396:10.1177/101053959700900106
2328:Over the Edge of the World
1170:
1166:
1036:
1018:Guam Elective Governor Act
1005:commemorates the victory.
629:
528:
504:Malayo-Polynesian subgroup
468:
26:
4834:
4752:
4729:
4648:
4607:
4437:
4416:
4335:
4172:
4090:
4067:
3986:
3943:
3927:
3845:
3822:
3741:
3700:
3691:
3613:
3487:
3384:
3217:traditions and ceremonies
3149:
3098:
2978:
2971:
2905:
2884:
2846:
2813:
2795:
1967:10.1017/S0003598X00068393
1834:Guam Legislature Archives
1777:. Babylon. Archived from
1705:"Ancient Chamorro castes"
1703:Lujan Bevacqua, Michael.
1641:www.collinsdictionary.com
1346:Pierce County, Washington
1339:Northern Marianas Islands
1201:, a noodle dish from the
267:
262:
254:
249:
236:
231:
213:
195:
180:
175:
170:
165:
149:
4807:Northern Mariana Islands
4267:Northern Mariana Islands
4145:Northern Mariana Islands
3900:Northern Mariana Islands
3676:Festival of Pacific Arts
2384:Asia-Pac J Public Health
2231:10.1215/00138282-8237377
2035:Ancient Chamorro Society
2012:Che’lu/Mañe’lu: Siblings
1880:Rafael Rodríguez-Ponga.
1426:, teacher & activist
1010:Guam Organic Act of 1950
1008:After World War II, the
867:Over the centuries, the
223:Northern Mariana Islands
27:Not to be confused with
4772:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4110:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3865:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3639:Merrie Monarch Festival
2923:Asian Pacific Americans
1775:""Chamorro" definition"
1400:Ignacia Bordallo Butler
1163:a particular religion.
1047:Chamorros at church in
1033:Modern Chamorro culture
1012:established Guam as an
747:Maritime Southeast Asia
643:Chamorros fishing, 1819
483:by the Chamorro in the
333:United States territory
4589:Torres Strait Islander
3980:Literature of Oceania
3341:Micronesian Navigation
2752:MyChamorroHeritage.com
2271:Soker, Donald (1972).
2219:English Language Notes
1448:Maria Anderson Roberto
1360:
1186:
1099:
1052:
987:attack on Pearl Harbor
981:in Polynesia, and the
962:
853:
778:
712:caste, and the higher
697:
644:
635:Cosmogony and religion
547:
542:Reconstruction of how
495:
416:indigenous orthography
4755:and other territories
4559:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
4445:Indigenous Australian
4343:Australian Aboriginal
4093:and other territories
3848:and other territories
3735:Languages of Oceania
3336:Polynesian Navigation
3316:Torres Strait Islands
2885:Related ethnic groups
2475:Tolentino, Dominica.
2162:"Higher social class"
2160:Tolentino, Dominica.
1709:Mampolitiku: Politics
1608:census.gov\publisher=
1354:
1184:
1171:Further information:
1111:fighting competitions
1094:
1046:
1037:Further information:
960:
904:Spanish-Chamorro Wars
851:
776:
695:
642:
580:, and peoples of the
541:
478:
339:and the encompassing
263:Related ethnic groups
171:147,798 (2010 census)
4642:Religion in Oceania
4574:Taiwanese aborigines
3933:Languages of Oceania
1830:"Public Laws – 33rd"
937:, the United States
935:Spanish–American War
578:Taiwanese aborigines
227:12,902 (2010 census)
209:63,035 (2020 census)
61:improve this article
4842:indigenous currency
3136:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
2722:The Washington Post
2533:(1). Archived from
2324:(14 October 2003).
1861:The Guam Daily Post
1617:on 14 February 2020
1150:Most Chamorros are
673:ancestor veneration
502:is included in the
146:
3452:Polynesian sailing
2913:Oceanian Americans
2006:Pereda, Nathalie.
1733:. SpanishDict.com.
1559:. US Census Bureau
1529:Pacific Daily News
1486:History of Oceania
1388:Theresa H. Arriola
1382:Craig Santos Perez
1361:
1187:
1108:mixed martial arts
1100:
1071:into Guam and the
1053:
1027:self-determination
1001:on July 21, 1944;
963:
858:Ferdinand Magellan
856:On March 6, 1521,
854:
838:Chamorro hunters,
779:
755:Southeastern China
698:
688:Castes and classes
645:
548:
496:
142:
4865:
4864:
4830:
4829:
4822:Wallis and Futuna
4730:Associated states
4327:Wallis and Futuna
4168:
4167:
4160:Wallis and Futuna
4068:Associated states
3939:
3938:
3923:
3922:
3915:Wallis and Futuna
3823:Associated states
3671:Pacific Community
3659:Pasifika Festival
3392:Aboriginal dugout
3331:Wallis and Futuna
2931:
2930:
2918:Pacific Islanders
2856:French Polynesian
2322:Laurence Bergreen
2166:Matao and Acha’ot
1935:www.visitguam.com
1836:. 31 January 2017
1364:Notable Chamorros
1185:Chamorro red rice
1077:American military
706:Charles Le Gobien
568:(specifically in
500:Chamorro language
471:Chamorro language
414:derived from the
325:Indigenous people
275:
274:
137:
136:
129:
111:
76:"Chamorro people"
16:(Redirected from
4900:
4812:Pitcairn Islands
4782:French Polynesia
4767:Christmas Island
4696:Papua New Guinea
4676:Marshall Islands
4649:Sovereign states
4635:
4628:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4529:Norfolk Islander
4474:Fijian (iTaukei)
4277:Papua New Guinea
4150:Pitcairn Islands
4120:French Polynesia
4105:Christmas Island
4034:Papua New Guinea
4014:Marshall Islands
3987:Sovereign states
3973:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3905:Pitcairn Islands
3875:French Polynesia
3860:Christmas Island
3789:Papua New Guinea
3769:Marshall Islands
3742:Sovereign states
3728:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3683:Papua New Guinea
3346:Marshall Islands
3296:Pitcairn Islands
3291:Papua New Guinea
3231:Lomilomi massage
3177:Caroline Islands
3050:Papua New Guinea
2958:
2951:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2866:Native Hawaiians
2782:
2775:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2537:on June 24, 2016
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2331:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2277:Western Folklore
2268:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2187:Wernhart, Karl.
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1960:(329): 909–926.
1945:
1939:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:on 29 March 2014
1751:. Archived from
1749:Yahoo! Education
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1700:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1613:. Archived from
1610:US Census Bureau
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1583:US Census Bureau
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1501:Native Hawaiians
1470:, martial artist
1444:, martial artist
1436:Susan Pangelinan
1418:Peter Gumataotao
1406:Manny Crisostomo
1291:brown tree snake
1096:Peter Gumataotao
1051:in the mid-1940s
991:invasion of Guam
921:Spanish surnames
832:
823:
582:Caroline Islands
559:
485:Ladrones Islands
377:Pacific Islander
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
221:
219:
218:
203:
201:
200:
188:
186:
185:
166:Total population
154:
147:
141:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4826:
4754:
4748:
4731:
4725:
4706:Solomon Islands
4644:
4639:
4603:
4433:
4412:
4331:
4297:Solomon Islands
4164:
4092:
4086:
4069:
4063:
4044:Solomon Islands
3982:
3977:
3935:
3919:
3847:
3841:
3824:
3818:
3799:Solomon Islands
3737:
3732:
3687:
3634:Aloha Festivals
3609:
3483:
3442:Paopao (Tuvalu)
3432:Māori migration
3380:
3352:Stick charts of
3306:Solomon Islands
3189:Chatham Islands
3151:
3145:
3094:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2932:
2927:
2901:
2880:
2842:
2809:
2791:
2786:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2615:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2571:
2564:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2319:
2312:
2289:10.2307/1499278
2269:
2265:
2258:
2254:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2114:Legends of Guam
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1946:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1701:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1481:History of Guam
1477:
1454:Gregorio Sablan
1424:Siobhon McManus
1366:
1309:
1224:or "fiestas"),
1179:
1169:
1148:
1041:
1039:Culture of Guam
1035:
973:in Micronesia,
955:
943:Treaty of Paris
869:Mariana Islands
846:
845:
844:
843:
835:
834:
833:
825:
824:
813:
771:
757:, and parts of
739:
690:
677:human sacrifice
637:
632:
616:
558: 1,500 BC
557:
536:
534:Early Chamorros
531:
479:Reception of a
473:
467:
389:
329:Mariana Islands
307:
286:
282:
279:Chamorro people
241:
216:
214:
198:
196:
183:
181:
161:
144:
140:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4906:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4863:
4862:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4802:Norfolk Island
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:American Samoa
4758:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4732:of New Zealand
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:Norfolk Island
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:American Samoa
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4070:of New Zealand
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Norfolk Island
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3855:American Samoa
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3825:of New Zealand
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3708:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3624:Garma Festival
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:Alingano Maisu
3394:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:Norfolk Island
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2906:Related topics
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2741:
2740:External links
2738:
2735:
2734:
2708:
2696:
2681:
2673:
2653:
2645:
2625:
2613:
2593:
2585:
2562:
2559:www.census.gov
2548:
2513:
2498:Brooke, Anne.
2490:
2467:
2442:
2417:
2374:
2349:
2342:
2310:
2283:(3): 153–167.
2263:
2252:
2205:
2179:
2152:
2127:
2101:
2075:
2068:
2050:
2043:
2025:
1998:
1973:
1940:
1922:
1919:. 6 July 2021.
1917:Saipan Tribune
1904:
1886:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1803:Flores, Judy.
1792:
1766:
1736:
1722:
1692:
1689:www.census.gov
1678:
1666:dictionary.com
1653:
1628:
1595:
1570:
1541:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1362:
1308:
1305:
1168:
1165:
1152:Roman Catholic
1147:
1144:
1049:Inarajan, Guam
1034:
1031:
1003:Liberation Day
995:the referendum
975:American Samoa
954:
951:
837:
836:
827:
826:
818:
817:
816:
815:
814:
812:
809:
770:
767:
738:
735:
689:
686:
636:
633:
631:
628:
615:
612:
535:
532:
530:
527:
481:Manila galleon
469:Main article:
466:
463:
388:
385:
273:
272:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:Roman Catholic
255:Predominantly
252:
251:
247:
246:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
211:
210:
207:
193:
192:
178:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
163:
162:
155:
138:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
33:
29:Comoro Islands
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4905:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:New Caledonia
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4777:Easter Island
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:New Caledonia
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Easter Island
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:New Caledonia
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Easter Island
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:New Caledonia
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Easter Island
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Dugout (boat)
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:New Caledonia
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Easter Island
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:Geo-specific,
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:Broad culture
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2897:New Zealander
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2676:
2674:9781139443456
2670:
2667:. Cambridge.
2666:
2665:
2657:
2648:
2646:9780471226017
2642:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2622:
2616:
2614:9781598842197
2610:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2586:9781317476450
2582:
2579:. Routledge.
2578:
2577:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2501:
2494:
2478:
2471:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2432:on 2011-02-24
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2364:on 2020-02-12
2363:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2343:0-06-621173-5
2339:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2044:1-880188-05-8
2040:
2036:
2029:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1781:on 2014-03-29
1780:
1776:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1732:
1726:
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4753:Dependencies
4739:Cook Islands
4459:
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4195:Cook Islands
4091:Dependencies
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3832:Cook Islands
3655:New Zealand
3510:fire dancing
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3180:
3141:Wood carving
3116:Kava culture
3003:Cook Islands
2822:
2815:Micronesians
2725:. Retrieved
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2607:. ABC-Clio.
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2539:. Retrieved
2535:the original
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2470:
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2457:. 2010-06-28
2454:
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2430:the original
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2362:the original
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2142:. 2024-04-01
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1779:the original
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1615:the original
1607:
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1532:. Retrieved
1528:
1376:Angel Santos
1344:As of 2020,
1343:
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1317:World War II
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967:World War II
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953:World War II
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270:Micronesians
139:Ethnic group
123:
114:
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97:
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83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4686:New Zealand
4519:Micronesian
4509:Marshallese
4378:Micronesian
4250:New Zealand
4190:Austronesia
4024:New Zealand
3928:by category
3779:New Zealand
3664:Te Matatini
3515:firewalking
3264:New Zealand
3210:Lau Islands
3172:Austronesia
3040:nguzu nguzu
3028:New Zealand
2998:Austronesia
2848:Polynesians
2833:Micronesian
2828:Marshallese
2797:Melanesians
2527:Transmotion
2502:. Guampedia
2479:. Guampedia
2225:(1): 9–20.
2168:. Guampedia
2116:. Guampedia
2014:. Guampedia
1711:. Guampedia
1464:since 2009.
1394:Zach Banner
1355:Pop singer
1233:fina'denne'
1203:Philippines
1129:Refaluwasch
1119:matriarchal
1069:partitioned
983:Philippines
971:Wake Island
933:During the
913:Catholicism
840:Boxer Codex
788:taotaomo'na
660:located in
658:Laso de Fua
614:Agriculture
605:matrilineal
594:latte stone
552:Philippines
544:latte stone
493:Boxer Codex
406:. The name
245:(auxiliary)
4872:Categories
4539:Polynesian
4514:Melanesian
4455:Sama-Bajau
4388:Polynesian
4368:Melanesian
4353:Mangarevan
4230:Micronesia
3945:Literature
3620:Australia
3366:navigation
2892:Australian
2727:October 5,
2461:2023-09-26
2436:2011-02-20
2368:2010-05-25
2146:2024-04-21
2069:0810828588
1992:2022-08-02
1866:11 January
1840:11 January
1671:9 December
1662:"Chamorro"
1557:census.gov
1507:References
1430:Walt Nauta
1412:Joe Duarte
1328:Korean War
1283:flying fox
1253:bilimbines
763:penis pins
608:avuncuclan
357:Washington
353:California
345:Micronesia
323:) are the
87:newspapers
4656:Australia
4579:Tokelauan
4408:Vanuatuan
4336:Mythology
4292:Slit drum
4282:Polynesia
4225:Melanesia
4185:Australia
3994:Australia
3749:Australia
3693:Languages
3614:Festivals
3540:kapa haka
3437:Outrigger
3159:Australia
3131:Polynesia
3106:areca nut
2993:Australia
2823:Chamorros
2679:Page 835.
2619:Chapter:
2591:Page 524.
2390:: 28–32.
2297:0043-373X
2247:219650932
2239:0013-8282
2140:issuu.com
2089:Guampedia
1954:Antiquity
1899:KUAM News
1621:11 August
1563:11 August
1287:fruit bat
1065:man åmko'
889:Filipinos
842:(c. 1590)
804:elemental
759:Indochina
710:Manachang
662:Fouha Bay
588:state of
566:Indonesia
523:håfa adai
387:Etymology
365:Tennessee
232:Languages
158:San Diego
18:Guamanian
4878:Chamorro
4850:folklore
4671:Kiribati
4608:Religion
4594:Visayans
4569:Tahitian
4549:Rapa Nui
4479:Hawaiian
4460:Chamorro
4417:Research
4403:Tuvaluan
4393:Rapa Nui
4373:Menehune
4215:Kiribati
4009:Kiribati
3764:Kiribati
3630:Hawaiʻi
3605:'upa'upa
3545:Kiribati
3495:ʻAparima
3417:Hōkūleʻa
3239:Kiribati
3090:tivaevae
3070:taʻovala
3018:magimagi
2651:Page 22.
2412:38598444
2404:10050196
1646:25 March
1475:See also
1468:Jon Tuck
1458:Delegate
1274:tinaktak
1268:kelaguen
1192:empanada
1146:Religion
1140:suruhåna
1136:suruhånu
923:through
908:parishes
897:Japanese
769:Folklore
598:capstone
574:Sulawesi
465:Language
459:Chamorro
440:Chamorro
404:Chamorro
250:Religion
240:(native)
238:Chamorro
143:Chamorro
117:May 2012
4854:cuisine
4817:Tokelau
4721:Vanuatu
4564:Tagalog
4554:Rotuman
4524:Negrito
4494:Ivatans
4484:Ilocano
4469:Rekohu)
4322:Vanuatu
4307:Tokelau
4155:Tokelau
4059:Vanuatu
3910:Tokelau
3814:Vanuatu
3701:by area
3590:tautoga
3525:hivinau
3427:Karakoa
3326:Vanuatu
3152:general
3060:tā moko
3055:reimiro
3045:Oceania
2838:Palauan
2541:May 28,
2506:19 June
2305:1499278
2198:19 June
2172:19 June
2120:19 June
2094:May 28,
2018:19 June
1814:19 June
1785:19 June
1759:19 June
1715:19 June
1534:11 July
1357:Pia Mia
1259:guyuria
1227:nobenas
1167:Cuisine
1082:Montana
965:Before
893:Chinese
873:Germany
798:duendes
722:Acha'ot
714:Chamori
630:Culture
529:History
512:Spanish
506:of the
455:CHamoru
451:CHamoru
420:digraph
412:endonym
408:CHamoru
393:Chamori
327:of the
321:CHamoru
319:; also
243:English
145:CHamoru
101:scholar
4856:, see
4838:cinema
4792:Hawaii
4716:Tuvalu
4584:Tongan
4534:Papuan
4489:Igorot
4438:People
4398:Samoan
4348:Fijian
4317:Tuvalu
4302:Tahiti
4130:Hawaii
4054:Tuvalu
3885:Hawaii
3809:Tuvalu
3600:Tuvalu
3585:tāmūrē
3580:Tahiti
3570:Rotuma
3560:pa'o'a
3555:'ote'a
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3402:Bangka
3385:Canoes
3321:Tuvalu
3121:Lapita
3080:tattoo
2876:Tongan
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2805:Fijian
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1198:pancit
979:Hawaii
895:, and
718:Achoti
702:castes
666:Umatac
650:Guåhan
570:Maluku
410:is an
401:exonym
373:Nevada
371:, and
369:Oregon
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268:Other
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4363:Māori
4358:Maohi
4312:Tonga
4287:Sāmoa
4272:Palau
4255:Māori
4240:Nauru
4173:Music
4049:Tonga
4039:Samoa
4029:Palau
4019:Nauru
3804:Tonga
3794:Samoa
3784:Palau
3774:Nauru
3595:Tonga
3488:Dance
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3447:Paraw
3311:Tonga
3301:Sāmoa
3286:Palau
3269:Māori
3254:Nauru
3126:Māori
3085:tēfui
3075:tapa
3065:tabua
3033:Māori
2861:Māori
2408:S2CID
2301:JSTOR
2243:S2CID
1553:(PDF)
1250:, and
1247:niyok
1222:gupot
917:pagan
877:Japan
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751:Japan
730:Matao
726:Matua
491:1590
489:circa
433:Dutch
361:Texas
108:JSTOR
94:books
4852:and
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4262:Niue
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4125:Guam
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2669:ISBN
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2400:PMID
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2334:222f
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1868:2021
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1673:2019
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1330:and
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