377:
1648:
2855:
266:
354:
357:
356:
1602:
A verb in Gwich’in contains smaller word parts that come together to make a verb. A verb can be composed by using a stem, which is then accompanied by smaller word parts, i.e. prefixes. A prefix gives off a lot of information. It informs an individual about whether the word is in the past or present
361:
360:
355:
362:
598:
Projects are underway to document the language and enhance the writing and translation skills of younger Gwich'in speakers. In one project, lead research associate and fluent speaker Gwichʼin elder
Kenneth Frank works with linguists and young Gwich'in speakers affiliated with the
2161:, 2003, 4th Edition, prepared by the Gwich'in Social & Cultural Institute and the Gwich'in Language Centre, Tsiigehtchic and Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories (Canada); covers two dialects: Teetl'it Gwich'in (Fort McPherson) and Gwichyah Gwich'in (Tsiigehtchic)
359:
1619:, the main character Molly comes from a family of Gwich'in background, and therefore uses words in the Gwich'in language such as 'Mahsi' Choo' throughout the show. Molly shares her Gwich'in background with the show's creative producer, Princess Daazhraii Johnson.
1603:
tense. A prefix can also inform the individual about the number of people participating. The stem can be found at the end of the word and the prefix follows right behind the stem when reading a verb read from the right to left, so full understanding is obtained.
564:. After 1960, Wycliffe Bible translator Richard Mueller introduced a new modified spelling system. The purpose of his writing system was to better distinguish the sounds of the Gwichʼin language. Later on, Mueller's writing system was officially adopted by the
654:. There are several dialects within these subgroupings, including Fort Yukon Gwichʼin, Arctic Village Gwichʼin, Western Canada Gwichʼin (Takudh, Tukudh, Loucheux), and Arctic Red River. Each village has unique dialect differences, idioms, and expressions. The
628:
played a factor in creating a cultural disruption and a language shift. During the time that residential schools were open their main goal was to change the way indigenous communities operated entirely. Another goal of the residential schools was to
559:
which was written in Gwichʼin in 1898. McDonald used
English orthography as his model when representing Gwichʼin. This was unusual for missionaries at the time: other missionaries were translating the Bible from French into languages such as
587:
Gwichʼin is now "severely endangered." There are about 260 Gwichʼin speakers in Canada out of a total Gwichʼin population of 1,900. About 300 out of a total Alaska Gwichʼin population of 1,100 speak the language.
641:
and placing them in a school. Fortunately, the Gwich’in and the Dinjii Zhuh culture did survive the residential schools. Residential schools were a big situation that had and do still cause cultural disruptions.
591:
In 1988, the NWT Official
Languages Act named Gwich'in as an official language of the Northwest Territories, and the Official Languages of Alaska Law as amended declared Gwich'in a recognized language in 2014.
358:
376:
3551:
2833:
2828:
2823:
1865:"People of the Lakes: Stories of Our Van Tat Gwich'in Elders/Googwandak Nakhwach'ànjòo Van Tat Gwich'in, by Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation and Shirleen Smith"
2022:
1661:
1705:
2192:
2893:
2656:
568:. The new writing system helped preserve the Gwichʼin language: previously, young people found it difficult to understand written Gwichʼin.
276:
3561:
1763:
669:
Gwich’in speakers located in Old Crow speak several dialects including Kâachik and Tâachik. They are spoken in
Johnson Creek village.
625:
2158:
1990:
1791:
3556:
788:
3546:
3566:
3520:
1809:
1461:
440:
381:
17:
1224:
818:
1354:
1322:
1008:
298:
2432:
2398:
2185:
2142:
2106:. College, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, Center for Northern Educational Research, University of Alaska, 1974.
1481:
1028:
3516:
2886:
2649:
2125:
2147:
1244:
838:
2971:
1518:
1191:
651:
288:
114:
3451:
2691:
1508:
551:
first started working on the written representation of Van Tat and Dagoo dialects Gwichʼin. He also produced a
3019:
2364:
2058:. Yellowknife, N.W.T.: Curriculum Division, Dept. of Education, Government of the Northwest Territories, 1972.
2539:
2534:
2519:
2209:
2178:
1690:
1234:
1151:
828:
600:
130:
211:
3375:
3355:
2879:
2859:
2642:
1759:
1538:
1332:
1214:
1107:
1018:
808:
548:
252:
1947:. Vol. 18, no. 3. Fairbanks, AK: Arctic Research Consortium of the United States. pp. 12–16
1830:
3497:
3261:
1864:
1528:
1471:
1274:
998:
682:
The consonants of Gwichʼin in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):
604:
1565:
1342:
1202:
1141:
798:
777:
752:
2921:
2838:
2379:
1913:
1254:
1129:
978:
2152:
1647:
637:, also causing the indigenous children to abandon their heritage language. This process was done by
2736:
2292:
2164:
1804:(2nd ed.). Department of Culture and Communications, Government of the Northwest Territories.
1491:
1377:
2008:
650:
There are two main dialects of Gwichʼin, eastern and western, which are delineated roughly at the
3335:
3271:
2696:
2673:
2665:
2549:
1117:
848:
3029:
2369:
1940:
3503:
3482:
3218:
2797:
2587:
1161:
1079:
1063:
988:
663:
595:
The Gwich'in language is taught regularly at the Chief Zzeh
Gittlit School in Old Crow, Yukon.
484:
2756:
2746:
2504:
2297:
2272:
2070:
Dinjii
Vadzaih Dhidlit: The Man Who Became a Caribou. 2nd ed. Hanover, N.H.: IPI Press, 2020.
2063:
Neerihiinjìk: We
Traveled From Place to Place: The Gwich’in Stories of Johnny and Sarah Frank
1310:
1297:
695:
634:
448:
62:
3541:
3084:
2418:
1908:
3487:
3299:
3188:
3011:
2976:
2938:
2201:
1939:
Mishler, Craig (Fall 2014). Turner-Bogren, Betsy; Fahnestock, Judy; Wiggins, Helen (eds.).
404:
125:
2721:
2229:
658:
people in the northern Yukon have approximately the same dialect as those bands living in
120:
8:
3492:
3456:
3132:
3001:
2902:
2802:
2731:
2261:
1038:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
887:
707:
502:
480:
476:
3466:
3401:
3243:
3180:
3165:
3034:
2956:
2951:
2751:
2726:
2565:
2313:
2287:
2245:
702:
638:
499:
472:
415:
People (United States). It is also known in older or dialect-specific publications as
244:
86:
3446:
3396:
3251:
3233:
3228:
3208:
3203:
3155:
3089:
2761:
2412:
2323:
2282:
2277:
2121:
1886:
1805:
1684:
1555:
722:
712:
630:
608:
577:
294:
3441:
3431:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3281:
3223:
3170:
3117:
3079:
3024:
2986:
2946:
2916:
2818:
2741:
2706:
2701:
2686:
2610:
2490:
2467:
2460:
2374:
2348:
2267:
1918:
1876:
1771:. Yellowknife, NT: Department of Education, Government of the Northwest Territories
690:
2090:
Gwichʼin
Language Lessons Gwichyàh Gwichʼin Dialect (Tsiigèhchik–Arctic Red River)
3436:
3426:
3421:
3380:
3289:
3256:
3213:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3099:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3039:
2991:
2981:
2781:
2544:
2497:
2484:
2405:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2318:
1616:
717:
659:
655:
561:
492:
452:
106:
3049:
2766:
2255:
257:
3370:
3320:
3294:
3193:
3054:
2996:
2776:
2716:
2681:
2625:
2602:
2570:
2448:
2328:
2224:
611:
to document traditional knowledge of caribou anatomy (Mishler and Frank 2020).
468:
464:
412:
168:
2042:
Gwìndòo Nànhʼ Kak
Geenjit Gwichʼin Ginjik = More Gwichʼin Words About the Land
3535:
3360:
2966:
2961:
2711:
2454:
1890:
1635:
1264:
1171:
957:
858:
488:
70:
2138:
3461:
3365:
3122:
1966:
868:
444:
3266:
1735:
228:
3107:
1455:
1421:
408:
1881:
321:
3198:
2170:
2023:"Meet the Alaska Natives Who Gave 'Molly of Denali' an Authentic Voice"
1640:
1549:
1426:
2871:
2634:
3112:
1502:
1391:
1096:
765:
237:
221:
203:
580:
as a majority of the population shifts to
English. According to the
265:
1669:
Office of the Northwest Territories Official Languages Commissioner
1612:
1285:
735:
343:
306:
2167:, 1979, compiled by Katherine Peter, Alaska Native Language Center
2051:. Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada: Gwichʼin Renewable Resource Board, 1997.
2120:. Whitehorse: Yukon Native Language Centre, Yukon College, 2003.
2049:
Nànhʼ Kak Geenjit Gwichʼin Ginjik = Gwichʼin Words About the Land
760:
522:, though the correct character for this use (with expected glyph
436:
302:
2165:
Gwich'in Junior Dictionary/Dinjii zhuh ginjik nagwan tr'iłtsąįį
2085:. : Dept. of Justice, Govt. of the Northwest Territories, 1993.
1838:
581:
556:
460:
432:
273:
74:
58:
565:
552:
456:
66:
2099:. : Alaska State-Operated Schools, Bilingual Programs, 1974.
1793:
Teetłʼit Gwìchʼin Kʼyùu Gwiʼdìnehtłʼèe Nagwant Trʼagwàłtsàii
2155:
Portions of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer in Gwichʼin
2044:. Inuvik, N.W.T.: Gwichʼin Renewable Resource Board, 2001.
1996:(Fourth ed.). Gwich'in La11fJuage Centre. March 2003.
305:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2065:. 2nd ed. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 2001.
2118:
Gwichʼin Listening Exercises Teetlʼit Gwichʼin dialect
1798:
A Junior Dictionary of the Teetl'it Gwich'in Language
585:
Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger,
272:
Gwich'in is classified as Severely Endangered by the
27:
Athabaskan language of the Gwich’in indigenous people
3552:
Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic
384:identifies the city by its original Gwichʼin name,
1706:"Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official"
2092:. Whitehorse: Yukon Native Language Centre, 1994.
2078:. Whitehorse: Yukon Native Language Centre, 1994.
1662:"Official Languages of the Northwest Territories"
3533:
1932:
1967:"Did you know Gwich'in is severely endangered?"
431:. Gwich'in is spoken primarily in the towns of
1906:
1671:. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012
398:
385:
367:
38:
2887:
2650:
2186:
1585:Low tone is marked with a grave accent, e.g.
1582:Nasal vowels are marked with an ogonek, e.g.
624:Gwich’in is spoken by many First Nations and
639:taking the children away from their families
463:of the United States, Gwichʼin is spoken in
2894:
2880:
2657:
2643:
2193:
2179:
2076:Gwichʼin Language Lessons Old Crow Dialect
264:
1941:"Linguistic Team Studies Caribou Anatomy"
1880:
1863:Loovers, Jan Peter Laurens (2011-03-09).
2200:
1907:McFadyen Clark, Annette (19 June 2020).
1758:
447:(formerly Arctic Red River), all in the
375:
352:
277:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2901:
2664:
2148:Alaska Native Language Center: Gwichʼin
2068:Mishler, Craig and Kenneth Frank, eds.
1938:
1862:
614:
299:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
3534:
2143:Yukon Native Language Centre: Gwichʼin
2097:Dinjii Zhuu Gwandak = Gwichʼin Stories
1902:
1900:
619:
2875:
2638:
2174:
1789:
1606:
1597:
687:
2095:Peter, Katherine, and Mary L. Pope.
2009:"Molly of Denali says 'Mahsi' Choo'"
2006:
1858:
1856:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1703:
635:replace it with the European culture
369:"Tǫǫ Oozhrii Zhìt Tsyaa Tsal Dhidii"
175:Latin (Northern Athabaskan alphabet)
2153:Ettunetle Tutthug Enjit Gichinchik
2104:A Book of Gwichʼin Athabaskan Poems
2047:Gwichʼin Renewable Resource Board.
1897:
542:
24:
2033:
1959:
1943:. Arctic Social Sciences Program.
1629:
25:
3578:
3562:First Nations languages in Canada
2132:
1853:
1818:
1723:
1564:
1554:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1390:
1376:
1353:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1309:
1296:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1201:
1190:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1106:
1078:
1062:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
867:
857:
847:
837:
827:
817:
807:
797:
787:
776:
571:
2854:
2853:
2056:A Grammar of the Tukudh Language
1991:"Gwicfi'in Language Dictionary"
1765:A Grammar of the Tukudh Language
1646:
366:Allan Hayton reciting the story
2015:
2000:
1983:
631:wipe out the indigenous culture
509:is usually written with symbol
3557:Indigenous languages of Alaska
2116:Yukon Native Language Centre.
1831:"Yukon Native Language Centre"
1783:
1752:
1697:
1654:
372:(Boy in the Moon) in Gwich'in.
190:Canada (Northwest Territories)
13:
1:
3547:Northern Athabaskan languages
2113:. University of Hawaii, 1975.
2111:A Sketch of Kutchin Phonology
1622:
677:
601:Alaska Native Language Center
3567:Official languages of Alaska
3376:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
2159:Gwich'in Language Dictionary
1835:Yukon Native Language Centre
672:
407:family and is spoken by the
7:
3498:Plains Indian Sign Language
1790:Firth, William G. (2010) .
645:
526:typographic properties) is
520:RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
10:
3583:
3349:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
2083:Gwichʼin Legal Terminology
2040:Firth, William G., et al.
1592:
537:MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
3513:
3475:
3389:
3348:
3308:
3280:
3242:
3179:
3131:
3098:
3010:
2937:
2930:
2909:
2849:
2811:
2790:
2672:
2619:
2601:
2579:
2558:
2527:
2518:
2477:
2440:
2431:
2390:
2357:
2306:
2238:
2217:
2208:
2088:Norwegian-Sawyer, Terry.
1914:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1689:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1588:High tone is never marked
1425:
1420:
1418:
1411:
1284:
1095:
759:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
694:
689:
576:Few Gwichʼin speak their
337:
327:
317:
285:
263:
251:
235:
219:
201:
196:
186:Official language in
184:
179:
165:
150:
103:
93:
81:
54:
46:
37:
32:
3356:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
2358:Central British Columbia
1909:"Dinjii Zhuh (Gwich'in)"
411:First Nation (Canada) /
99:ca. 560 (2007–2016)
2081:Northwest Territories.
399:
386:
368:
39:
3521:Canadian dictionaries
3504:Maritime Sign Language
3483:American Sign Language
2972:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
2798:American Sign Language
2391:Other North Athabaskan
664:Arctic Village, Alaska
390:
373:
287:This article contains
18:Gwich'in language
3517:Canadian style guides
2441:California Athabaskan
2399:Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie
449:Northwest Territories
379:
365:
192:United States(Alaska)
63:Northwest Territories
50:Canada, United States
3488:Quebec Sign Language
2931:Indigenous languages
2239:Central Alaska–Yukon
2202:Athabaskan languages
2061:Mishler, Craig, ed.
1971:Endangered Languages
983:⟨tthʼ⟩
615:Endangerment factors
605:University of Alaska
322:Dinjii Zhuu Gwichʼin
3457:Pennsylvania German
2903:Languages of Canada
2666:Languages of Alaska
2307:Northwestern Canada
1882:10.14430/arctic4086
1269:⟨khw⟩
1239:⟨shr⟩
1176:⟨ghw⟩
1146:⟨zhr⟩
1033:⟨chʼ⟩
1023:⟨trʼ⟩
1013:⟨tlʼ⟩
1003:⟨tsʼ⟩
892:⟨tth⟩
793:⟨ddh⟩
626:residential schools
620:Residential schools
405:Athabaskan language
131:Northern Athabaskan
3493:Inuk Sign Language
3452:Newfoundland Irish
3417:Tagalog (Filipino)
3390:Minority languages
3262:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
3020:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
2910:Official languages
2803:Inuk Sign Language
2365:Babine–Witsuwitʼen
2102:Peter, Katherine.
2074:Montgomery, Jane.
2007:Northrop, Daphne.
1945:Witness the Arctic
1607:In popular culture
1598:Verb configuration
1570:⟨aa⟩
1543:⟨oo⟩
1523:⟨ee⟩
1496:⟨uu⟩
1476:⟨ii⟩
1396:⟨rh⟩
1382:⟨nh⟩
1259:⟨kh⟩
1249:⟨sh⟩
1207:⟨th⟩
1166:⟨gh⟩
1156:⟨zh⟩
1122:⟨dh⟩
1084:⟨nj⟩
1068:⟨nd⟩
1043:⟨kʼ⟩
993:⟨tʼ⟩
962:⟨kw⟩
942:⟨ch⟩
932:⟨tr⟩
922:⟨tl⟩
912:⟨ts⟩
863:⟨gw⟩
833:⟨dr⟩
823:⟨dl⟩
813:⟨dz⟩
391:
374:
40:Dinjii Zhuʼ Ginjik
3529:
3528:
3447:Doukhobor Russian
3344:
3343:
2869:
2868:
2839:Ninilchik dialect
2632:
2631:
2626:extinct languages
2597:
2596:
2514:
2513:
2498:Upper Rogue River
2491:Lower Rogue River
2478:Oregon Athabaskan
2427:
2426:
2283:Southern Tutchone
2278:Northern Tutchone
2109:Scollon, Ronald.
1811:978-1-896337-12-8
1644:(21st ed., 2018)
1579:
1578:
1560:⟨a⟩
1533:⟨o⟩
1513:⟨e⟩
1486:⟨u⟩
1466:⟨i⟩
1409:
1408:
1359:⟨w⟩
1347:⟨y⟩
1337:⟨r⟩
1327:⟨l⟩
1315:⟨n⟩
1302:⟨m⟩
1279:⟨h⟩
1229:⟨ł⟩
1219:⟨s⟩
1196:⟨f⟩
1134:⟨z⟩
1112:⟨v⟩
952:⟨k⟩
902:⟨t⟩
873:⟨ʼ⟩
853:⟨g⟩
843:⟨j⟩
803:⟨d⟩
782:⟨b⟩
578:heritage language
403:) belongs to the
395:Gwichʼin language
363:
351:
350:
313:
312:
295:rendering support
291:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
3574:
3442:Hutterite German
2935:
2934:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2857:
2856:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2611:Proto-Athabaskan
2559:Eastern Apachean
2528:Western Apachean
2525:
2524:
2438:
2437:
2380:Southern Carrier
2218:Southern Alaskan
2215:
2214:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1919:Historica Canada
1904:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1841:on 15 March 2018
1837:. Archived from
1827:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1760:McDonald, Robert
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1704:Chappell, Bill.
1701:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1633:
1615:television show
1571:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1316:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1066:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1001:
994:
991:
984:
981:
972:
963:
960:
953:
950:
943:
940:
933:
930:
923:
920:
913:
910:
903:
900:
893:
890:
881:
874:
871:
864:
861:
854:
851:
844:
841:
834:
831:
824:
821:
814:
811:
804:
801:
794:
791:
783:
780:
772:
755:
748:
743:
738:
731:
685:
684:
652:Canada–US border
543:Written Gwichʼin
538:
535:
532:
530:
521:
518:
515:
513:
402:
400:Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu
389:
371:
364:
332:Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu
315:
314:
279:
268:
247:
231:
224:
215:
214:
206:
171:
109:
42:
30:
29:
21:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3509:
3471:
3437:Canadian Gaelic
3385:
3340:
3336:Coast Tsimshian
3304:
3276:
3238:
3175:
3127:
3094:
3006:
2926:
2905:
2900:
2870:
2865:
2845:
2807:
2786:
2737:Upper Kuskokwim
2668:
2663:
2633:
2628:
2615:
2593:
2580:Plains Apachean
2575:
2554:
2510:
2473:
2423:
2386:
2353:
2302:
2293:Upper Kuskokwim
2234:
2204:
2199:
2135:
2130:
2036:
2034:Further reading
2031:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1905:
1898:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1801:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1708:. The Two-Way.
1702:
1698:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1617:Molly of Denali
1609:
1600:
1595:
1569:
1559:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1381:
1367:
1358:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1314:
1301:
1290:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1206:
1195:
1184:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1083:
1067:
1053:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
970:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
879:
872:
862:
852:
842:
832:
822:
812:
802:
792:
781:
770:
764:
751:
746:
741:
734:
729:
697:
680:
675:
648:
622:
617:
574:
566:Yukon Territory
562:northern Slavey
549:Robert McDonald
547:The missionary
545:
536:
533:
528:
527:
519:
516:
511:
510:
353:
345:
342:
293:Without proper
281:
280:
271:
243:
227:
220:
210:
209:
202:
191:
187:
180:Official status
172:
167:
146:
110:
107:Language family
105:
96:
95:Native speakers
87:Gwichʼin people
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3527:
3526:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3476:Sign languages
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3371:Chinook Jargon
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3272:Nuu-chah-nulth
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2812:Non-Indigenous
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2791:Sign languages
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2697:Siberian Yupik
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2603:Proto-language
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2550:Western Apache
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
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2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
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2382:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2145:
2134:
2133:External links
2131:
2129:
2128:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2014:
1999:
1982:
1958:
1931:
1896:
1852:
1817:
1810:
1782:
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1722:
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705:
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693:
688:
679:
676:
674:
671:
647:
644:
621:
618:
616:
613:
573:
572:Current status
570:
544:
541:
485:Arctic Village
459:of Canada. In
441:Fort McPherson
382:Fort McPherson
380:A sign in the
349:
348:
341:Gwichʼin Nành,
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:
319:
311:
310:
297:, you may see
283:
282:
270:
269:
261:
260:
255:
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217:
216:
207:
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197:Language codes
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185:
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177:
176:
173:
169:Writing system
166:
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138:
115:Dené–Yeniseian
113:
111:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
56:
52:
51:
48:
47:Native to
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3579:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
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3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
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3484:
3481:
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3428:
3425:
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3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Broken Slavey
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
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3307:
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3268:
3265:
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3258:
3255:
3253:
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3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
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3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
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3101:
3097:
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3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
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3048:
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3018:
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3009:
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2988:
2985:
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2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Central Yupik
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2653:
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2637:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2588:Plains Apache
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
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2434:
2433:Pacific Coast
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2126:1-55242-167-8
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413:Alaska Native
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387:Teetł'it Zheh
383:
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71:United States
68:
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36:
31:
19:
3515:
3502:
3462:Plautdietsch
3123:Inuvialuktun
3044:
2858:
2771:
2757:Upper Tanana
2747:Lower Tanana
2621:
2586:
2505:Upper Umpqua
2503:
2496:
2489:
2466:
2459:
2447:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2298:Upper Tanana
2273:Lower Tanana
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2017:
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1985:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:
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1949:. Retrieved
1944:
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1922:. Retrieved
1912:
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1868:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1834:
1797:
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1773:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:
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1668:
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1054:prenasalized
681:
668:
649:
623:
597:
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584:
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546:
523:
506:
505:in the name
497:
445:Tsiigehtchic
428:
424:
420:
416:
394:
392:
331:
286:
236:
135:
3300:Assiniboine
3189:Bella Coola
3108:Inuinnaqtun
2314:Dene Suline
1867:. Reviews.
481:Birch Creek
477:Chalkyitsik
301:instead of
3536:Categories
3199:Halkomelem
3012:Athabaskan
3002:Potawatomi
2939:Algonquian
2732:Holikachuk
2674:Indigenous
2535:Chiricahua
2262:Holikachuk
2246:Deg Hitʼan
2141:Archived:
2054:McDonald.
1976:2018-03-15
1875:(1): 118.
1745:2018-03-15
1740:Ethnologue
1736:"Gwichʼin"
1641:Ethnologue
1623:References
678:Consonants
473:Fort Yukon
126:Athabaskan
3467:Ukrainian
3402:Cantonese
3267:Kwakʼwala
3166:Tuscarora
3133:Iroquoian
3113:Inuktitut
3085:Tsuutʼina
3035:Chipewyan
3030:Chilcotin
2957:Blackfoot
2952:Algonquin
2782:Tsimshian
2752:Tanacross
2727:Deg Xinag
2624:indicate
2566:Jicarilla
2540:Mescalero
2419:Tsuutʼina
2370:Chilcotin
2288:Tanacross
1891:1923-1245
1762:(1972) .
1368:voiceless
1185:voiceless
1097:Fricative
880:aspirated
766:Affricate
708:Retroflex
673:Phonology
609:Fairbanks
557:hymn book
503:affricate
238:Glottolog
222:ISO 639-3
204:ISO 639-2
82:Ethnicity
3542:Gwich'in
3397:Mandarin
3252:Ditidaht
3244:Wakashan
3234:Thompson
3229:Squamish
3219:shíshálh
3209:Okanagan
3204:Lillooet
3181:Salishan
3156:Onondaga
3090:Tutchone
3045:Gwichʼin
2860:Category
2772:Gwichʼin
2762:Tsetsaut
2722:Denaʼina
2520:Southern
2413:Tsetsaut
2251:Gwichʼin
2230:Denaʼina
2210:Northern
2139:Gwich’in
1845:15 March
1685:cite web
1636:Gwichʼin
1613:PBS Kids
1286:Sonorant
971:ejective
736:sibilant
703:Alveolar
656:Old Crow
646:Dialects
517:’
507:Gwichʼin
500:ejective
453:Old Crow
429:Loucheux
409:Gwich'in
344:Denendeh
328:Language
307:Help:IPA
258:Gwich'in
245:gwic1235
151:Dialects
136:Gwichʼin
33:Gwichʼin
3432:Italian
3412:Spanish
3407:Punjabi
3331:Tlingit
3326:Kutenai
3316:Beothuk
3224:Shuswap
3214:Saanich
3171:Wyandot
3118:Inupiaq
3080:Tahltan
3025:Carrier
2987:Naskapi
2977:Miꞌkmaq
2947:Abenaki
2917:English
2834:Russian
2829:Tagalog
2824:Spanish
2819:English
2742:Koyukon
2707:Tlingit
2702:Inupiaq
2687:Alutiiq
2622:Italics
2468:Wailaki
2461:Mattole
2349:Tahltan
2324:Dunneza
2268:Koyukon
1951:12 July
1924:12 July
1775:12 July
1715:Jun 14,
1675:Jun 14,
1611:In the
1593:Grammar
761:Plosive
742:lateral
723:Glottal
713:Palatal
660:Venetie
603:at the
534:ʼ
493:Venetie
437:Aklavik
417:Kutchin
338:Country
303:Unicode
159:Eastern
156:Western
121:Na-Dené
3427:German
3422:Arabic
3381:Michif
3366:Bungee
3290:Stoney
3282:Siouan
3257:Haisla
3161:Seneca
3151:Oneida
3146:Mohawk
3141:Cayuga
3075:Tagish
3070:Slavey
3065:Sekani
3060:Nicola
3040:Dogrib
2997:Ottawa
2992:Ojibwe
2982:Munsee
2922:French
2545:Navajo
2485:Tolowa
2406:Nicola
2375:Dakelh
2344:Tagish
2339:Slavey
2334:Sekani
2319:Dogrib
2124:
1889:
1869:Arctic
1808:
1800:]
1412:Vowels
1291:voiced
1102:voiced
753:labial
698:dental
696:Inter-
691:Labial
582:UNESCO
555:and a
531:
529:U+02BC
514:
512:U+2019
491:, and
469:Circle
465:Beaver
461:Alaska
443:, and
433:Inuvik
425:Tukudh
421:Takudh
318:People
274:UNESCO
89:(2007)
85:3,000
75:Alaska
59:Canada
55:Region
3321:Haida
3309:other
3295:Sioux
3194:Comox
3100:Inuit
3055:Kaska
2777:Haida
2717:Ahtna
2682:Aleut
2571:Lipan
2329:Kaska
2225:Ahtna
1994:(PDF)
1802:(PDF)
1796:[
1769:(PDF)
1665:(PDF)
1456:Close
1444:short
1434:short
1422:Front
771:plain
747:plain
730:plain
718:Velar
553:Bible
489:Eagle
457:Yukon
427:, or
346:ᑌᓀᐣᑌᐧ
67:Yukon
2967:Innu
2962:Cree
2712:Eyak
2455:Hupa
2449:Kato
2122:ISBN
1953:2022
1926:2022
1887:ISSN
1847:2018
1806:ISBN
1777:2022
1717:2021
1691:link
1677:2021
1550:Open
1449:long
1439:long
1427:Back
662:and
633:and
498:The
451:and
393:The
3050:Hän
2767:Hän
2256:Hän
1877:doi
1710:npr
1638:at
1503:Mid
1080:ⁿdʒ
1029:tʃʼ
1019:ʈʂʼ
1009:tɬʼ
999:tsʼ
979:tθʼ
958:kʷʰ
938:tʃʰ
928:ʈʂʰ
918:tɬʰ
908:tsʰ
888:tθʰ
607:in
524:and
455:in
289:IPA
253:ELP
229:gwi
212:gwi
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