1502:
1434:'s Working Group on Extrasolar Planets. If the mass estimates are correct, the HR 8799 system is the first multiple-planet extrasolar system to be directly imaged. The orbital motion of the planets is in an anticlockwise direction and was confirmed via multiple observations dating back to 1998. The system is more likely to be stable if the planets e, d, and c are in a 4:2:1 resonance, which would imply that the orbit of the planet d has an eccentricity exceeding 0.04 in order to match the observational constraints. Planetary systems with the best-fit masses from evolutionary models would be stable if the outer three planets are in a 1:2:4
1547:
planet c was measured to be slightly greater than that of the host star HR 8799. The enhanced carbon-to-oxygen ratio and depleted levels of carbon and oxygen in planet c favor a history in which the planet formed through core accretion. However, it is important to note that conclusions about the formation history of a planet based solely on its composition may be inaccurate if the planet has undergone significant migration, chemical evolution, or core dredging. Later, in
November 2018, researchers confirmed the existence of water and the absence of
1656:
1288:
1572:
33:
6097:
753:
740:
3968:
1543:
some acetylene but neither carbon dioxide nor substantial methane; planet d contains acetylene, methane, and carbon dioxide but ammonia is not definitively detected; planet e contains methane and acetylene but no ammonia or carbon dioxide. The spectrum of planet e is similar to a reddened spectrum of Saturn.
1542:
and the night-side spectrum of Saturn. The implications of the simultaneous spectra of all four planets obtained with
Project 1640 are summarized as follows: Planet b contains ammonia and/or acetylene as well as carbon dioxide, but has little methane; planet c contains ammonia, perhaps
829:
also suggests an age of approximately a billion years. However, this is disputed because it would make the planets become brown dwarfs to fit into the cooling models. Brown dwarfs would not be stable in such a configuration. The best accepted value for an age of HR 8799 is 30 million years,
1620:
The halo is unusual and implies a high level of dynamic activity which is likely due to gravitational stirring by the massive planets. The
Spitzer team says that collisions are likely occurring among bodies similar to those in the Kuiper Belt and that the three large planets may not yet have settled
1462:
system). However, it is disputed if planet b is in resonance with the other 3 planets. According to dynamical simulations, the HR 8799 planetary system may be even an extrasolar system with multiple resonance 1:2:4:8. The 4 young planets are still glowing red hot from the heat of
861:
observations of other pulsating Lambda Boötis stars suggest that the peculiar abundance patterns of these stars are confined to the surface only: the bulk composition is likely more normal. This may indicate that the observed element abundances are the result of the accretion of metal-poor gas from
1546:
Moderate-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, obtained with the Keck telescope, definitively detected carbon monoxide and water absorption lines in the atmosphere of planet c. The carbon-to-oxygen ratio, which is thought to be a good indicator of the formation history for giant planets, for
1642:
The disk was first resolved with ALMA in 2016 and was later imaged again in 2018. These later observations were more detailed and were studied by a team of astronomers. The disk has according to this team a smooth inner edge and a smooth outer edge. These also observed a possible inner dust belt.
1537:
The first simultaneous spectra of all four known planets in the HR 8799 system were obtained in 2012 using the
Project 1640 instrument at Palomar Observatory. The near-infrared spectra from this instrument confirmed the red colors of all four planets and are best matched by models of
1518:
A number of studies have used the spectra of HR 8799's planets to determine their chemical compositions and constrain their formation scenarios. The first spectroscopic study of planet b (performed at near-infrared wavelengths) detected strong water absorption and hints of methane
816:
Age determination of this star shows some variation based on the method used. Statistically, for stars hosting a debris disk, the luminosity of this star suggests an age of about 20–150 million years. Comparison with stars having similar motion through space gives an age in the range
878:
Astroseismic analysis using spectroscopic data indicates that the rotational inclination of the star is constrained to be greater than or approximately equal to 40°. This contrasts with the planets' orbital inclinations, which are in roughly the same plane at an angle of about
2863:
Boccaletti, Anthony; Mâlin, Mathilde; Baudoz, Pierre; Tremblin, Pascal; Perrot, Clément; Rouan, Daniel; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Whiteford, Niall; Mollière, Paul; Waters, Rens; Henning, Thomas; Decin, Leen; Güdel, Manuel; Vandenbussche, Bart; Absil, Olivier (1 June 2024).
1562:
The red colors of the planets may be explained by the presence of iron and silicate atmospheric clouds, while their low surface gravities might explain the strong disequilibrium concentrations of carbon monoxide and the lack of strong methane absorption.
1481:
integral field spectrograph on the
Palomar Observatory have shown that compositions between the four planets vary significantly. This is a surprise since the planets presumably formed in the same way from the same disk and have similar luminosities.
2321:
Sódor, Á.; Chené, A. N.; De Cat, P.; Bognár, Zs.; Wright, D. J.; Marois, C.; Walker, G. A. H.; Matthews, J. M.; Kallinger, T.; Rowe, J. F.; Kuschnig, R.; Guenther, D. B.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Rucinski, S. M.; Sasselov, D.; Weiss, W. W. (August 2014).
1505:
The spectrum is that of a giant exoplanet, orbiting around the bright and very young star HR 8799, about 130 light-years away. This spectrum of the star and the planet was obtained with the NACO adaptive optics instrument on
865:
In 2020, spectral analysis utilizing multiple data sources have detected an inconsistency in prior data and concluded the star carbon and oxygen abundances are the same or slightly higher than solar. The iron abundance was updated to
780:
with an unusual lack of "metals" (elements heavier than hydrogen and helium) in their upper atmosphere. Because of this special status, stars like HR 8799 have a very complex spectral type. The luminosity profile of the
2986:
Marois, Christian; Macintosh, Bruce; Barman, Travis; Zuckerman, B.; Song, Inseok; Patience, Jennifer; Lafrenière, David; Doyon, René (November 2008). "Direct imaging of multiple planets orbiting the star HR 8799".
2589:
Wright, D.J.; Chené, A.-N.; de Cat, P.; Marois, C.; Mathias, P.; Macintosh, B.; et al. (February 2011). "Determination of the inclination of the multi-planet hosting star HR 8799 using astero-seismology".
1717:
were rendered viewable in a NICMOS image taken in 1998, using advanced data processing. The image allows the planets' orbits to be better characterised, since they take many decades to orbit their host star.
1538:
planetary atmospheres that include clouds. Though these spectra do not directly correspond to any known astrophysical objects, some of the planet spectra demonstrate similarities with L- and T-type
1466:
The broadband photometry of planets b, c and d has shown that there may be significant clouds in their atmospheres, while the infrared spectroscopy of planets b and c points to non-equilibrium
1519:
absorption. Subsequently, weak methane and carbon monoxide absorption in this planet's atmosphere was also detected, indicating efficient vertical mixing of the atmosphere and a disequilibrium
3177:
Currie, Thayne; et al. (March 2011). "A combined Subaru/VLT/MMT 1–5 micron study of planets orbiting HR 8799: Implications for atmospheric properties, masses, and formation".
1335:
instrument, after a newly developed image-processing technique was applied. Further observations in 2009–2010 revealed the fourth giant planet orbiting inside the first three planets at a
3320:
Oppenheimer, B.R.; Baranec, C.; Beichman, C.; Brenner, D.; Burruss, R.; Cady, E.; et al. (2013). "Reconnaissance of the HR 8799 exosolar system I: Near-IR spectroscopy".
2434:
Zuckerman, B.; Rhee, Joseph H.; Song, Inseok; Bessell, M.S. (May 2011). "The Tucana / Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus associations: New members and dusty debris disks".
1624:
In the photo, the bright, yellow-white portions of the dust cloud come from the outer cold disk. The huge extended dust halo, seen in orange-red, has a diameter of ≈ 2,000
853:
abundances similar to that of the Sun, this is not the case for HR 8799; the sulfur abundance is only around 35% of the solar level. The star is also poor in elements heavier than
3669:
Su, K.Y.L.; Rieke, G.H.; Stapelfeldt, K.R.; Malhotra, R.; Bryden, G.; Smith, P.S.; Misselt, K.A.; Moro-Martin, A.; Williams, J.P. (2009). "The debris disk around HR 8799".
3232:
Skemer, Andrew; et al. (July 2012). "First light LBT AO images of HR 8799 bcde at 1.6 and 3.3 µm: New discrepancies between young planets and old brown dwarfs".
1605:≈ 45 K) with a sharp inner edge orbiting just outside the outermost planet (b). The inner edge of this belt is approximately in 3:2 resonance with said planet, similar to
1412:
farther from HR 8799 than from the Sun, the upshot being that corresponding planets in the solar and HR 8799 systems receive similar amounts of stellar radiation.
3835:
2024:
2022:
Kaye, Anthony B.; Handler, Gerald; Krisciunas, Kevin; Poretti, Ennio; Zerbi, Filippo M. (July 1999). "Gamma
Doradus stars: Defining a new class of pulsating variables".
2379:
1697:
could enable small telescopes to directly image planets. They did this by imaging the previously imaged HR 8799 planets using just a 1.5 m portion of the
6159:
2258:
Marois, Christian; Zuckerman, B.; Konopacky, Quinn M.; Macintosh, Bruce; Barman, Travis (December 2010). "Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799".
1332:
576:
1682:
exoplanets under exceptional circumstances. Specifically, it is easier to obtain images when the planet is especially large (considerably larger than
4086:
3780:
2503:
883:. Hence, there may be an unexplained misalignment between the rotation of the star and the orbits of its planets. Observation of this star with the
6154:
5440:
3888:
1598:≈ 150 K) orbiting within the innermost planet (e). The inner and outer edges of this belt are close to 4:1 and 2:1 resonances with the planet.
1530:
ratio at the photosphere. Compared to models of planetary atmospheres, this first spectrum of planet b is best matched by a model of enhanced
1932:
5445:
3722:
5435:
5430:
5390:
5385:
3375:
Beichman, Charles A.; Balmer, William; Bryden, Geoffrey; Hodapp, Klaus Werner; Leisenring, Jarron; Pueyo, Laurent; Ygouf, Marie (1 June 2023).
435:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
2540:
Paunzen, E.; Weiss, W.W.; Kuschnig, R.; Handler, G.; Strassmeier, K.G.; North, P.; Solano, E.; Gelbmann, M.; Künzli, M.; Garrido, R. (1998).
1352:. It is one of the most massive disks known around any star within 300 light years of Earth, and there is room in the inner system for
5480:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5344:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4853:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4763:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4591:
615:
4643:
4638:
4623:
4941:
3515:
Konopacky, Quinn M.; Barman, Travis S. (2013). "Detection of carbon monoxide and water absorption lines in an exoplanet atmosphere".
5395:
5264:
4936:
3145:
2541:
716:
HR 8799 is a star that is visible to the naked eye. It has a magnitude 5.96 and it is located inside the western edge of the
6139:
3910:
Route, Matthew & Wolszczan, Alexander (August 2013). "The 5 GHz
Arecibo search for radio flares from ultracool dwarfs".
2078:
1463:
their formation, and are larger than
Jupiter and over time they will cool and shrink to the sizes of 0.8–1.0 Jupiter radii.
1392:
1756:
1679:
6149:
3457:
Barman, Travis S.; Macintosh, Bruce (2011). "Clouds and chemistry in the atmosphere of extrasolar planet HR 8799 b".
3082:
1534:(about 10 times the metallicity of the Sun), which may support the notion that this planet formed through core-accretion.
895:. This suggests that the internal structure of the star more closely resembles that of an F0 star. The temperature of the
4079:
1738:-like luminosities, they failed to detect any emissions at 5 GHz down to a flux density detection threshold of 1.0
1686:), widely separated from its parent star, and hot so that it emits intense infrared radiation. However, in 2010 a team from
3748:
2731:
Lacour, S.; Nowak, M.; Wang, J.; Pfuhl, O.; Eisenhauer, F.; Abuter, R.; et al. (Gravity collaboration) (March 2019).
6124:
3287:
3113:
2924:
Faramaz, Virginie; Marino, Sebastian; Booth, Mark; Matrà, Luca; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bryden, Geoffrey; et al. (2021).
1296:
3999:
2866:"Imaging detection of the inner dust belt and the four exoplanets in the HR 8799 system with JWST's MIRI coronagraph"
2699:
6134:
6129:
6100:
4072:
3604:
Wang, Ji; Mawet, Dimitri; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Hood, Callie; Morley, Caroline V.; Benneke, Björn (December 2018).
3291:
2704:
2373:
Moya, A.; Amado, P.J.; Barrado, D.; García Hernández, A.; Aberasturi, M.; Montesinos, B.; et al. (June 2010).
6174:
6003:
1590:
obtained images of the debris disk around HR 8799. Three components of the debris disk were distinguished:
818:
68:
6164:
3861:
1896:
5998:
3776:"Effects of a planetesimal debris disk on stability scenarios for the extrasolar planetary system HR 8799"
1575:
929:
1507:
484:
6169:
6062:
4106:
2643:
Robrade, J.; Schmitt, J.H.M.M. (June 2010). "X-ray emission from the remarkable A‑type star HR 8799".
2324:"MOST light-curve analysis of the γ Doradus pulsator HR 8799, showing resonances and amplitude variations"
2733:"First direct detection of an exoplanet by optical interferometry. Astrometry and K‑band spectroscopy of
1838:
556:
3896:
6144:
2741:
2645:
2550:
2180:
Wang, Ji; Wang, Jason J.; Ma, Bo; Chilcote, Jeffrey; Ertel, Steve; Guyon, Olivier; et al. (2020).
825: Boötis stars like this are generally young, with a mean age of a billion years. More accurately,
821:
of luminosity versus temperature, it has an estimated age in the range of 30–1,128 million years.
1493:
south of HR 8799. Follow-up observations with NIRCam are planned to confirm or reject this candidate.
4615:
3912:
3234:
3179:
2865:
2805:
2436:
1825:
1690:
1396:
884:
849:
compared to the Sun (by approximately 30% and 10% respectively). While some Lambda Boötis stars have
802:
790:
1415:
These objects are near the upper mass limit for classification as planets; if they exceeded 13
4111:
3972:
3614:
2186:
2093:
1982:
1490:
1327:
observation of the outer 3 planets was later found in infrared images obtained in 1998 by the
3141:
4095:
3752:
3726:
3376:
1644:
1587:
717:
650:
81:
1501:
5256:
3582:
3086:
1328:
1304:
888:
674:
564:
560:
167:
130:
54:
3836:"Cometary Belt around Distant Multi-Planet System Hints at Hidden or Wandering Planets | ALMA"
1776:
1713:
image was processed to show a predicted exoplanet around HR 8799. In 2011, three further
1578:
image of HR 8799's debris ring. The planets are shown in a zoom-in from images taken with the
5922:
5917:
5639:
4928:
4263:
3992:
3459:
3404:
3322:
2084:
786:
733:
552:
443:
22:
3402:
Bowler, Brendan P. (2010). "Near-infrared
Spectroscopy of the Extrasolar Planet HR 8799 b".
2891:
2764:
2668:
2563:
2349:
1922:
1861:
769:
693:
682:
601:
6044:
3931:
3799:
3688:
3633:
3536:
3478:
3423:
3384:
3341:
3253:
3198:
3008:
2947:
2887:
2824:
2760:
2664:
2609:
2559:
2512:
2455:
2398:
2345:
2279:
2205:
2141:
2043:
1991:
1857:
1579:
1511:
1336:
955:
277:
681:
changes because of non-radial pulsations of its surface. The star is also classified as a
8:
3118:
1731:
1443:
1399:
960:
835:
831:
568:
3935:
3803:
3692:
3637:
3540:
3482:
3427:
3388:
3345:
3257:
3202:
3012:
2951:
2828:
2613:
2516:
2490:
2459:
2402:
2283:
2209:
2145:
2047:
1995:
3947:
3921:
3817:
3789:
3704:
3678:
3651:
3623:
3560:
3526:
3494:
3468:
3439:
3413:
3357:
3331:
3269:
3243:
3214:
3188:
3057:
3032:
2998:
2965:
2937:
2877:
2842:
2814:
2750:
2680:
2654:
2625:
2599:
2567:
2471:
2445:
2416:
2388:
2335:
2303:
2269:
2223:
2195:
2159:
2131:
2059:
2033:
1875:
1847:
1751:
1694:
1664:
1402:
to distance from the source, comparable radiation intensities are present at distances
1353:
1308:
705:
657:'s mass and 4.9 times its luminosity. It is part of a system that also contains a
572:
298:
113:
3700:
3435:
3210:
2621:
1655:
841:
Earlier analysis of the star's spectrum reveals that it has a slight overabundance of
4130:
3951:
3943:
3821:
3655:
3552:
3517:
3498:
3490:
3443:
3353:
3273:
3265:
3218:
3036:
3024:
2989:
2969:
2903:
2846:
2778:
2684:
2629:
2467:
2420:
2411:
2374:
2295:
2227:
2163:
1879:
1439:
1435:
1287:
1273:
1254:
935:
609:
512:
64:
3708:
3564:
3090:
2475:
2063:
1783:, thus the observed abundance may not reflect the abundances of the star as a whole.
1356:. There is an additional debris disk just inside the orbit of the innermost planet.
6119:
5978:
3985:
3939:
3807:
3696:
3641:
3544:
3486:
3431:
3361:
3349:
3261:
3206:
3016:
2955:
2895:
2832:
2768:
2672:
2617:
2520:
2463:
2406:
2353:
2307:
2287:
2260:
2213:
2149:
2051:
1999:
1890:
1886:
1865:
1650:
1295:
On 13 November 2008, Christian Marois of the
National Research Council of Canada's
858:
826:
689:
476:
403:
261:
2899:
2773:
2732:
2676:
2358:
2323:
1870:
1829:
1455:
1316:
798:
701:
580:
416:
186:
89:
2375:"Age determination of the HR 8799 planetary system using astero-seismology"
692:. It is the only known star which is simultaneously a Gamma Doradus variable, a
6039:
6026:
5973:
4238:
4208:
4158:
3646:
3605:
2960:
2925:
2837:
2800:
2218:
2181:
2154:
2119:
1698:
1668:
1423:
1232:
1216:
1164:
1148:
1096:
1080:
1028:
1012:
942:
896:
670:
540:
269:
249:
229:
3295:
2801:"An exact, generalised Laplace resonance in the HR 8799 planetary system"
2097:
1571:
32:
6113:
5993:
5521:
4604:
4188:
2907:
2782:
2525:
1793:
1780:
1451:
900:
777:
646:
627:
210:
162:
76:
3548:
3020:
5565:
4228:
4183:
4173:
4148:
4138:
4064:
3812:
3775:
3556:
3028:
2299:
1675:
1478:
1416:
1188:
1120:
1052:
984:
857:: for example, the iron abundance is only 28% of the solar iron abundance.
782:
725:
378:
334:
3578:
2926:"A Detailed Characterization of HR 8799's Debris Disk with ALMA in Band 7"
2709:
6008:
5531:
5511:
5450:
5380:
4918:
4178:
4163:
4143:
3377:"follow-up Observations of NIRCAm Sources in the planetary system HR8799"
2038:
1792:
The planets are young and therefore they are still hot and bright in the
1735:
1610:
1539:
1531:
1427:
1349:
891:, but the X-ray activity is much higher than that of an A‑type star like
757:
721:
658:
465:
152:
141:
102:
2291:
6034:
5587:
5582:
5526:
5405:
5400:
4597:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4233:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4168:
1616:
A dramatic halo of small grains originating in the cold dust component.
1459:
678:
634:
351:
284:
174:
1639:
This disk is so thick that it threatens the young system's stability.
1555:
using high-resolution spectroscopy and near-infrared adaptive optics (
6080:
6075:
5812:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5503:
5349:
5339:
5076:
5021:
4913:
4863:
4848:
4843:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4788:
4768:
4758:
4753:
4678:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4153:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
3977:
3869:
1727:
1714:
1660:
1447:
1420:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1324:
1300:
1177:
1109:
1041:
973:
686:
666:
662:
3054:"Gemini releases historic discovery image of planetary first family"
1834:
Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties"
1726:
Starting in 2010, astronomers searched for radio emissions from the
752:
6070:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5516:
5485:
4633:
4628:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
3628:
3083:"Astronomers capture first images of newly-discovered solar system"
3053:
2942:
2882:
2819:
2755:
2200:
2136:
2055:
2004:
1969:
1852:
1320:
529:
3926:
3794:
3683:
3610:
with L-band high-dispersion spectroscopy aided by adaptive optics"
3531:
3473:
3418:
3336:
3248:
3193:
3003:
2659:
2604:
2450:
2393:
2340:
2274:
1647:
observations, which measured a radius of 15 au of the inner disk.
739:
5988:
5983:
5968:
5616:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5410:
3319:
2257:
2182:"On the chemical abundance of HR 8799 and the planet c"
1683:
1606:
1556:
1548:
1388:
1376:
794:
3315:
3313:
2372:
1651:
Vortex Coronagraph: Testbed for high-contrast imaging technology
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5630:
5601:
5425:
5420:
3967:
2089:
1927:
1900:
1739:
1710:
1486:
1384:
1380:
1348:
The outer planet orbits are inside a dusty disk like the Solar
1312:
965:
892:
854:
850:
846:
842:
638:
595:
457:
364:
289:
3723:"Unsettled youth: Spitzer observes a chaotic planetary system"
3114:"Scientists publish first direct images of extrasolar planets"
2985:
5963:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5415:
3895:(Press release). Hubble mission. 10 June 2011. Archived from
3310:
2862:
642:
3889:"Astronomers find elusive planets in decade-old Hubble data"
2021:
817:
30–160 million years. Given the star's position on the
4121:
3153:
2919:
2917:
2794:
2792:
2539:
2025:
The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1687:
948:
924:
697:
630:
548:
253:
233:
3668:
3374:
2380:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
2077:
Hoffleit, Dorrit; Warren, Wayne H. Jr., eds. (June 1991).
3883:
3881:
3879:
3741:
3715:
2691:
1485:
An additional planet candidate was found in cycle 1 with
1431:
1299:
and his team announced they had directly observed three
654:
3510:
3508:
3048:
3046:
2914:
2789:
2433:
2017:
2015:
3133:
2923:
2588:
801:
and the other metallic lines are more like those of an
3876:
3077:
3075:
2798:
2582:
2320:
3505:
3450:
3043:
2427:
2175:
2173:
2012:
3903:
3603:
3597:
3105:
2799:
Gozdziewski, Krzysztof; Migaszewski, Cezary (2020).
2730:
2636:
2366:
1968:
Gray, Richard O.; Kaye, Anthony B. (December 1999).
3854:
3571:
3290:. Working Group on Extrasolar Planets (WGESP). The
3280:
3172:
3170:
3072:
2981:
2979:
2120:"Dynamical Mass of the Exoplanet Host Star HR 8799"
1734:. Despite the large masses, warm temperatures, and
1730:orbiting HR 8799 using the radio telescope at
805:. The star's spectral type is therefore written as
6061:
4022:
3767:
3662:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2179:
2170:
3781:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
3139:
2858:
2856:
2533:
2504:Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
1636:) is shown for reference as a dot in the centre.
685:, which means its surface layers are depleted in
6111:
3755:(Press release). NASA / Caltech. 4 November 2009
3729:(Press release). NASA / Caltech. 4 November 2009
3225:
3167:
3142:"Hubble finds hidden exoplanet in archival data"
3140:Villard, Ray; Lafreniere, David (1 April 2009).
2976:
2724:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1630:. The diameter of Pluto's orbit (≈ 80
1430:under the definition of these terms used by the
1345:, which has been confirmed by multiple studies.
3774:Moore, Alexander J.; Quillen, Alice C. (2013).
3514:
3456:
2495: Bootis-like abundances in the Vega-like,
2234:
2118:Sepulveda, Aldo G.; Bowler, Brendan P. (2022).
2117:
2070:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1477:chemistry. Near-infrared observations with the
6025:
3909:
2853:
2642:
2076:
785:in the star's spectrum, as well as the star's
760:for V342 Pegasi (HR 8799), adapted from Sódor
6160:Planetary systems with four confirmed planets
4080:
3993:
3828:
1946:
1933:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
1721:
1291:Orbit diagram of the HR 8799 planetary system
4094:
3773:
1906:
107:+21° 08′ 03.311″
3862:"New method could image Earth-like planets"
3395:
2499: Doradus type-pulsator HD 218396"
1828:; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021).
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
67:J2000.0
4087:
4073:
4000:
3986:
789:, best match the typical properties of an
5502:
3925:
3811:
3793:
3682:
3645:
3627:
3530:
3472:
3417:
3335:
3247:
3192:
3111:
3002:
2959:
2941:
2881:
2836:
2818:
2772:
2754:
2658:
2603:
2524:
2482:
2449:
2410:
2392:
2357:
2339:
2273:
2217:
2199:
2153:
2135:
2092:(5th, revised ed.). Strasbourg, FR:
2037:
2003:
1869:
1851:
768:The star HR 8799 is a member of the
3749:"A picture of unsettled planetary youth"
3294:(IAU). 28 February 2003 . Archived from
3146:Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute
2111:
1967:
1809:
1654:
1570:
1500:
1391:'s orbits, respectively. Because of the
1286:
751:
738:
6155:Objects with variable star designations
1458:as well as three of the planets in the
1426:in their interiors and thus qualify as
217:
6112:
4007:
3606:"Detecting water in the atmosphere of
3401:
3231:
3176:
887:indicates that it has a weak level of
830:consistent with being a member of the
669:whose orbital motion was confirmed by
626:is a roughly 30 million-year-old
4068:
3981:
2697:
2314:
1824:
747:
3112:Achenbach, Joel (13 November 2008).
2488:
1757:Direct imaging of extrasolar planets
653:. It has roughly 1.5 times the
1643:This inner belt was confirmed with
906:
237:
13:
3089:. 13 November 2008. Archived from
1359:The orbital radii of planets
1297:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
14:
6186:
3961:
2592:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1621:into their final, stable orbits.
1496:
862:the environment around the star.
16:Star in the constellation Pegasus
6096:
6095:
3966:
3292:International Astronomical Union
2705:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
2412:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00863.x
1897:Gaia EDR3 record for this source
1704:
1663:around the star HR 8799 using a
268:24.4620 ± 0.0455
31:
6004:Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
3868:. 14 April 2010. Archived from
3368:
1786:
1667:on a 1.5 m portion of the
899:is about 3.0 million
793:. However, the strength of the
720:almost exactly halfway between
665:. These planets were the first
6140:Henry Draper Catalogue objects
5999:Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
1970:"HR 8799: A link between
1769:
1566:
1442:between Jupiter's inner three
1:
6150:Bright Star Catalogue objects
1803:
912:The HR 8799 planetary system
776: Boo) class, a group of
4107:Pegasus in Chinese astronomy
1974: Doradus variables and
1891:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e
1839:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1775:The star is a member of the
1375:are 2–3 times those of
1319:to make observations in the
964:
959:
954:
941:
928:
923:
916:
7:
3701:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/314
3579:"Exoplanet stepping stones"
3436:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/850
3211:10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/128
2900:10.1051/0004-6361/202347912
2774:10.1051/0004-6361/201935253
2677:10.1051/0004-6361/201014027
2622:10.1088/2041-8205/728/1/L20
2359:10.1051/0004-6361/201423976
1871:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657
1745:
1601:A broad zone of cold dust (
1559:) at the Keck Observatory.
1419:, they would be capable of
1303:orbiting the star with the
819:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
711:
37:HR 8799 (center) with
10:
6191:
6125:A-type main-sequence stars
3944:10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/18
3491:10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/65
3354:10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/24
3288:"Definition of a "Planet""
3266:10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/14
2870:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2742:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2646:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2551:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2468:10.1088/0004-637X/732/2/61
2328:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1722:Search for radio emissions
1315:, in both cases employing
732:is its line number in the
135:kA5 hF0 mA5 V; λ Boo
6093:
6057:
6021:
5956:
5638:
5629:
5609:
5600:
5575:
5564:
5498:
5373:
5255:
4927:
4614:
4262:
4129:
4120:
4102:
4031:
4015:
3913:The Astrophysical Journal
3671:The Astrophysical Journal
3525:(6126). AAAS: 1398–1401.
3235:The Astrophysical Journal
3180:The Astrophysical Journal
2806:The Astrophysical Journal
2437:The Astrophysical Journal
1691:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1271:
1248:
885:Chandra X-ray Observatory
588:
546:
539:
535:
328:
323:
319:
180:
173:
124:
61:
29:
4112:List of stars in Pegasus
4096:Constellation of Pegasus
3647:10.3847/1538-3881/aae47b
3615:The Astronomical Journal
2961:10.3847/1538-3881/abf4e0
2930:The Astronomical Journal
2838:10.3847/2041-8213/abb881
2700:"Notes for star HR 8799"
2219:10.3847/1538-3881/ababa7
2187:The Astronomical Journal
2155:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3bb5
2124:The Astronomical Journal
2094:Université de Strasbourg
1983:The Astronomical Journal
1762:
1674:Up until the year 2010,
702:excess infrared emission
700:-like star (a star with
6135:Pegasus (constellation)
6130:Gamma Doradus variables
3753:Spitzer Space Telescope
3727:Spitzer Space Telescope
3549:10.1126/science.1232003
3021:10.1126/science.1166585
2892:2024A&A...686A..33B
2765:2019A&A...623L..11G
2669:2010A&A...516A..38R
2564:1998A&A...335..533P
2489:Kozo, Sadakane (2006).
2350:2014A&A...568A.106S
1862:2021A&A...649A...1G
1588:Spitzer Space Telescope
1339:just less than 15
718:great square of Pegasus
391:Luminosity (bolometric)
299:Absolute magnitude
114:Apparent magnitude
6175:Durchmusterung objects
5512:51 Pegasi b (Dimidium)
3583:W. M. Keck Observatory
3381:JWST Proposal. Cycle 3
3087:W. M. Keck Observatory
2526:10.1093/pasj/58.6.1023
1671:
1583:
1515:
1329:Hubble Space Telescope
1292:
765:
744:
675:Gamma Doradus variable
168:Gamma Doradus variable
55:W. M. Keck Observatory
3975:at Wikimedia Commons
3460:Astrophysical Journal
3405:Astrophysical Journal
3323:Astrophysical Journal
2085:Bright Star Catalogue
1796:part of the spectrum.
1658:
1574:
1551:in the atmosphere of
1504:
1290:
787:effective temperature
755:
742:
734:Bright Star Catalogue
728:. The star's name of
5381:BD+14 4559 (Solaris)
3899:on 2 September 2014.
3813:10.1093/mnras/sts625
3298:on 16 September 2006
1693:demonstrated that a
1586:In January 2009 the
1580:Very Large Telescope
1512:Very Large Telescope
1337:projected separation
920:(in order from star)
756:A broadband optical
6170:Circumstellar disks
6165:Lambda Boötis stars
6063:Astronomical events
5522:BD+14 4559 b (Pirx)
3936:2013ApJ...773...18R
3840:almaobservatory.org
3804:2013MNRAS.430..320M
3693:2009ApJ...705..314S
3638:2018AJ....156..272W
3541:2013Sci...339.1398K
3483:2011ApJ...733...65B
3428:2010ApJ...723..850B
3389:2023jwst.prop.4535B
3346:2013ApJ...768...24O
3258:2012ApJ...753...14S
3203:2011ApJ...729..128C
3119:The Washington Post
3093:on 26 November 2013
3013:2008Sci...322.1348M
2997:(5906): 1348–1352.
2952:2021AJ....161..271F
2829:2020ApJ...902L..40G
2712:on 17 December 2008
2614:2011ApJ...728L..20W
2546: Bootis stars"
2517:2006PASJ...58.1023S
2460:2011ApJ...732...61Z
2403:2010MNRAS.405L..81M
2292:10.1038/nature09684
2284:2010Natur.468.1080M
2268:(7327): 1080–1083.
2210:2020AJ....160..150W
2146:2022AJ....163...52S
2048:1999PASP..111..840K
1996:1999AJ....118.2993G
1978: Bootis stars"
1732:Arecibo Observatory
1444:Galilean satellites
1354:terrestrial planets
913:
832:Columba association
743:Location of HR 8799
589:Database references
583: 1718-2350-1.
485:Rotational velocity
288:(40.88 ± 0.08
26:
4009:The HR 8799 system
3872:on 3 January 2020.
3585:. 20 November 2018
3060:. 13 November 2008
3058:Gemini Observatory
1752:List of exoplanets
1695:vortex coronagraph
1672:
1665:vortex coronagraph
1584:
1516:
1393:inverse square law
1293:
911:
875:% of solar value.
766:
748:Stellar properties
745:
706:circumstellar disk
683:Lambda Boötis star
661:and at least four
541:Other designations
163:Variable type
131:Spectral type
53:(upper left) from
21:
6145:Hipparcos objects
6107:
6106:
6089:
6088:
6053:
6052:
6045:Stephan's Quintet
6017:
6016:
5625:
5624:
5596:
5595:
5560:
5559:
5494:
5493:
5466:WASP-52 (Anadolu)
4062:
4061:
3971:Media related to
3581:(Press release).
3152:(Press release).
3085:(Press release).
3056:(Press release).
1440:Laplace resonance
1436:orbital resonance
1285:
1284:
952:
939:
921:
889:magnetic activity
621:
620:
610:Exoplanet Archive
283:133.3 ± 0.2
6182:
6099:
6098:
6059:
6058:
6023:
6022:
5636:
5635:
5607:
5606:
5573:
5572:
5500:
5499:
5476:WASP-60 (Morava)
5461:WASP-21 (Tangra)
4127:
4126:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3956:
3955:
3929:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3797:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3686:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3631:
3609:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3534:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3476:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3421:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3339:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3251:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3196:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3006:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2945:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2885:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2822:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2758:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2708:. Archived from
2695:
2689:
2688:
2662:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2607:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2566:. Archived from
2545:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2511:(6): 1023–1032.
2498:
2494:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2453:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2396:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2343:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2277:
2255:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2203:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2139:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2041:
2039:astro-ph/9905042
2032:(761): 840–844.
2019:
2010:
2009:
2007:
1990:(6): 2993–2996.
1977:
1973:
1965:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1919:
1904:
1894:
1883:
1873:
1855:
1822:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1773:
1709:In 2009, an old
1659:Direct image of
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1604:
1597:
1554:
1529:
1522:
1476:
1469:
1438:(similar to the
1411:
1409:
1408:
1344:
1343:
1252:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1007:
997:
987:
982:
946:
933:
919:
914:
910:
907:Planetary system
882:
874:
873:
827:asteroseismology
824:
812:
810:
775:
673:. The star is a
555:+20 5278,
549:V342 Pegasi
527:
526:
525:
505:
503:
474:
455:
453:
433:
431:
401:
399:
376:
374:
349:
348:
347:
315:
313:
247:
245:
239:
227:
225:
219:
203:
201:
125:Characteristics
117:
97:
92:
62:Observation data
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
27:
20:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6085:
6049:
6027:Galaxy clusters
6013:
5952:
5621:
5592:
5567:
5556:
5490:
5369:
5251:
4923:
4610:
4258:
4116:
4098:
4093:
4063:
4058:
4027:
4011:
4006:
3964:
3959:
3908:
3904:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3667:
3663:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3513:
3506:
3455:
3451:
3400:
3396:
3373:
3369:
3318:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3230:
3226:
3175:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3044:
2984:
2977:
2922:
2915:
2861:
2854:
2797:
2790:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2696:
2692:
2641:
2637:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2570:on 25 July 2011
2543:
2538:
2534:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2432:
2428:
2371:
2367:
2319:
2315:
2256:
2235:
2178:
2171:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2075:
2071:
2020:
2013:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1885:(Erratum:
1884:
1826:Brown, A. G. A.
1823:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1748:
1724:
1707:
1653:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1602:
1595:
1569:
1552:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1499:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1341:
1340:
1317:adaptive optics
1250:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1005:
995:
990:
985:
980:
945:
932:
918:
909:
880:
872:
869:
868:
867:
822:
808:
807:kA5 hF0 mA5 V;
806:
799:absorption line
773:
750:
714:
663:massive planets
584:
523:
521:
520:
518:
501:
499:
491: sin
472:
451:
449:
429:
427:
417:Surface gravity
409:
406:
397:
395:
384:
381:
372:
370:
357:
354:
345:
343:
342:
340:
311:
309:
304:
287:
243:
241:
236:
223:
221:
199:
197:
192:
187:Radial velocity
112:
95:
90:Right ascension
88:
63:
57:
50:
49:(upper right),
46:
45:(lower right),
42:
38:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6188:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6105:
6104:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6040:NGC 7331 Group
6037:
6031:
6029:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5974:Einstein Cross
5971:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5644:
5642:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:51 (Helvetios)
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3963:
3962:External links
3960:
3958:
3957:
3902:
3875:
3853:
3827:
3788:(1): 320–329.
3766:
3740:
3714:
3677:(1): 314–327.
3661:
3596:
3570:
3504:
3449:
3394:
3367:
3309:
3279:
3224:
3166:
3132:
3104:
3071:
3042:
2975:
2913:
2852:
2788:
2723:
2698:Schneider, J.
2690:
2635:
2581:
2542:"Pulsation in
2532:
2481:
2426:
2387:(1): L81–L85.
2365:
2313:
2233:
2169:
2110:
2079:"HR 8799"
2069:
2056:10.1086/316399
2011:
2005:10.1086/301134
1945:
1905:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1785:
1781:peculiar stars
1767:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1723:
1720:
1706:
1703:
1699:Hale Telescope
1680:directly image
1669:Hale Telescope
1652:
1649:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1599:
1568:
1565:
1526:
1498:
1497:Planet spectra
1495:
1473:
1417:Jupiter masses
1311:telescopes in
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:135–360
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1015:
1009:
1002:
999:
992:
988:
977:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
943:Orbital period
940:
930:Semimajor axis
927:
922:
908:
905:
897:stellar corona
870:
836:group of stars
803:A5 V star
791:F0 V star
778:peculiar stars
749:
746:
713:
710:
671:direct imaging
633:located 133.3
619:
618:
613:
605:
604:
599:
591:
590:
586:
585:
575: 115157,
571: 114189,
567: 218396,
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
516:
508:
507:
497:
480:
479:
469:
461:
460:
447:
439:
438:
425:
412:
411:
407:
404:
393:
387:
386:
382:
379:
368:
360:
359:
355:
352:
338:
330:
329:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
316:
307:
302:
294:
293:
281:
273:
272:
266:
257:
256:
215:
206:
205:
195:
190:
182:
181:
178:
177:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
155:
148:
147:
144:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
122:
121:
118:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
93:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
59:
58:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6187:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6102:
6092:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Markarian 335
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:Huchra's lens
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:PSR B2127+11C
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:μ (Sadalbari)
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:δ (Alpheratz)
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3842:. 17 May 2016
3841:
3837:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3770:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3600:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3316:
3314:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3171:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2536:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1795:
1794:near-infrared
1789:
1782:
1778:
1777:Lambda Boötis
1772:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1705:NICMOS images
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1003:
1000:
993:
991:
978:
976:
975:
971:
970:
967:
962:
957:
950:
944:
937:
931:
926:
915:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
876:
863:
860:
859:Asteroseismic
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
828:
820:
814:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
771:
770:Lambda Boötis
763:
759:
754:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Lambda Boötis
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:constellation
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
628:main-sequence
625:
617:
614:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
598:
597:
593:
592:
587:
582:
579: 91022,
578:
574:
570:
566:
563: 32209,
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
542:
538:
534:
531:
517:
515:
514:
510:
509:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
478:
470:
468:
467:
463:
462:
459:
448:
446:
445:
441:
440:
437:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
413:
410:
394:
392:
389:
388:
385:
369:
367:
366:
362:
361:
358:
339:
337:
336:
332:
331:
327:
322:
318:
308:
306:
300:
296:
295:
291:
286:
282:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
267:
265:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
235:
231:
216:
214:
212:
211:Proper motion
208:
207:
196:
194:
188:
184:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
156:
154:
150:
149:
145:
143:
139:
138:
134:
132:
129:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
106:
104:
101:
100:
96:23 07 28.7157
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
80:
78:
77:Constellation
75:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
34:
28:
24:
19:
5446:PSR B2303+30
4888:
4603:
4596:
4008:
3965:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3897:the original
3892:
3870:the original
3865:
3856:
3846:13 September
3844:. Retrieved
3839:
3830:
3785:
3779:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3717:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3619:
3613:
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3573:
3522:
3516:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3380:
3370:
3327:
3321:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:the original
3282:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3184:
3178:
3157:. Retrieved
3149:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3117:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3062:. Retrieved
2994:
2988:
2933:
2929:
2873:
2869:
2810:
2804:
2746:
2740:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2710:the original
2703:
2693:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2555:
2549:
2535:
2508:
2502:
2484:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2384:
2378:
2368:
2331:
2327:
2316:
2265:
2259:
2191:
2185:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2082:
2072:
2029:
2023:
1987:
1981:
1936:. Retrieved
1926:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1788:
1771:
1725:
1708:
1673:
1641:
1638:
1623:
1619:
1585:
1561:
1545:
1540:brown dwarfs
1536:
1517:
1484:
1479:Project 1640
1465:
1428:brown dwarfs
1414:
1358:
1347:
1294:
1267:
1244:
1176:
1108:
1040:
972:
956:Eccentricity
877:
864:
840:
815:
783:Balmer lines
767:
761:
730:HR 8799
729:
726:Alpha Pegasi
715:
704:caused by a
696:type, and a
641:) away from
623:
622:
608:
594:
559: 3850,
511:
492:
488:
483:
464:
442:
420:
415:
390:
363:
333:
297:
276:
260:
209:
185:
18:
6009:Q2343-BX418
5532:HD 209458 b
5451:Q2343-BX418
5436:PG 2303+243
5431:PG 2131+066
5391:BD +28 4211
5386:BD +17 4708
4239:υ (Alkarab)
4149:γ (Algenib)
3589:14 February
3302:16 November
3125:13 November
3097:13 November
3064:13 November
2574:17 November
2558:: 533–538.
2103:14 November
1938:14 November
1736:brown dwarf
1678:could only
1611:Kuiper belt
1594:Warm dust (
1567:Debris disk
1532:metallicity
1410:≈ 2.2 times
1350:Kuiper belt
961:Inclination
797: II K
758:light curve
659:debris disk
635:light-years
466:Metallicity
444:Temperature
153:color index
142:color index
103:Declination
25: 8799
6114:Categories
6035:Abell 2390
5588:Messier 15
5583:Balbinot 1
5527:TOI-5678 b
5504:Exoplanets
4144:β (Scheat)
4139:α (Markab)
3759:8 November
3733:8 November
3629:1809.09080
3622:(6): 272.
3467:(65): 65.
3412:(1): 850.
3187:(2): 128.
3150:HubbleSite
2943:2104.02088
2936:(6): 271.
2883:2310.13414
2820:2009.07006
2813:(2): L40.
2756:1903.11903
2716:13 October
2598:(1): L20.
2201:2007.02810
2194:(3): 150.
2137:2111.12090
1853:2012.01533
1804:References
1728:exoplanets
1715:exoplanets
1676:telescopes
1661:exoplanets
1491:arcseconds
1460:Gliese 876
834:co-moving
679:luminosity
667:exoplanets
506: km/s
475:0.08
419:(log
204: km/s
175:Astrometry
6081:SN 2013fs
6076:SN 2008ha
5537:HR 8799 b
5481:X2127+119
4264:Flamsteed
4174:θ (Biham)
4169:η (Matar)
4164:ζ (Homam)
4054:HR 8799 b
4049:HR 8799 c
4044:HR 8799 d
4039:HR 8799 e
3952:119311310
3927:1306.1152
3920:(1): 18.
3822:118658385
3795:1301.2004
3684:0909.2687
3656:119372301
3608:HR 8799 c
3532:1303.3280
3499:119221025
3474:1103.3895
3444:119270196
3419:1008.4582
3337:1303.2627
3330:(1): 24.
3274:119102944
3249:1203.2615
3242:(1): 14.
3219:119221800
3194:1101.1973
3037:206516630
3004:0811.2606
2970:233033512
2908:0004-6361
2847:221702978
2783:0004-6361
2735:HR 8799 e
2685:119250294
2660:1004.1318
2630:119297114
2605:1101.1590
2451:1104.0284
2444:(2): 61.
2421:118950506
2394:1003.5796
2341:1407.0267
2275:1011.4918
2228:220363719
2164:232572566
2130:(2): 52.
1923:"HR 8799"
1880:227254300
1779:class of
1553:HR 8799 c
1421:deuterium
1400:intensity
1397:radiation
1395:relating
1325:precovery
1268:Dust disk
1245:Dust disk
1187:0.4
1119:0.5
1051:0.2
983:0.6
917:Companion
881:20° ± 10°
687:iron peak
116: (V)
51:HR 8799 b
47:HR 8799 c
43:HR 8799 d
41:(right),
39:HR 8799 e
6101:Category
6071:SN 1990U
5923:NGC 7753
5918:NGC 7752
5631:Galaxies
5568:clusters
5517:WASP-10b
5486:3C 454.3
4616:Variable
4234:τ (Salm)
4159:ε (Enif)
3893:NASA.gov
3866:NBC News
3709:17715467
3565:31038576
3557:23493423
3383:: 4535.
3029:19008415
2476:62797470
2334:: A106.
2300:21150902
2096:/ CNRS.
2064:15583148
1746:See also
1609:and the
1456:Ganymede
1321:infrared
871:−5
712:Location
690:elements
408:☉
383:☉
356:☉
301: (M
278:Distance
262:Parallax
71:J2000.0
6120:HR 8799
5989:IC 5337
5984:IC 5145
5969:CTA-102
5617:Pease 1
5602:Nebulae
5471:WASP-59
5456:WASP-10
5411:HAT-P-8
4032:Planets
4023:HR 8799
3973:HR 8799
3932:Bibcode
3800:Bibcode
3689:Bibcode
3634:Bibcode
3537:Bibcode
3518:Science
3479:Bibcode
3424:Bibcode
3385:Bibcode
3362:7173368
3342:Bibcode
3254:Bibcode
3199:Bibcode
3159:3 April
3009:Bibcode
2990:Science
2948:Bibcode
2888:Bibcode
2876:: A33.
2825:Bibcode
2761:Bibcode
2749:: L11.
2665:Bibcode
2653:: A38.
2610:Bibcode
2560:Bibcode
2513:Bibcode
2456:Bibcode
2399:Bibcode
2346:Bibcode
2308:4425891
2280:Bibcode
2206:Bibcode
2142:Bibcode
2044:Bibcode
1992:Bibcode
1895:.
1858:Bibcode
1684:Jupiter
1607:Neptune
1557:NIRSPAO
1549:methane
1405:√
1389:Neptune
1377:Jupiter
1301:planets
1144:0.0022
1076:0.0011
1008:0.0013
795:calcium
651:Pegasus
645:in the
639:parsecs
624:HR 8799
324:Details
242:−50.040
222:108.284
82:Pegasus
69:Equinox
5426:NGC 30
5421:NGC 18
5406:Gl 880
5401:Gl 829
5396:GD 246
5365:225292
5360:221493
5355:221170
5350:220773
5345:220288
5340:219828
5335:219196
5330:215733
5325:215549
5320:213025
5315:211076
5310:210890
5305:209709
5300:208897
5295:206793
5290:206689
5285:205603
5280:205422
5275:205011
5270:204603
4605:34 Vul
4598:23 Psc
3950:
3820:
3707:
3654:
3563:
3555:
3497:
3442:
3360:
3272:
3217:
3035:
3027:
2968:
2906:
2845:
2781:
2683:
2628:
2474:
2419:
2306:
2298:
2261:Nature
2226:
2162:
2090:VizieR
2062:
1928:SIMBAD
1901:VizieR
1878:
1846:: A1.
1711:NICMOS
1487:NIRCam
1454:, and
1452:Europa
1424:fusion
1387:, and
1385:Uranus
1381:Saturn
1371:, and
1333:NICMOS
1313:Hawaii
1309:Gemini
1231:
1212:0.001
1163:
1140:0.0519
1095:
1072:0.1134
1027:
1011:25 ± 8
1004:0.1445
966:Radius
893:Altair
855:sodium
851:sulfur
847:oxygen
843:carbon
764:(2014)
762:et al.
677:: its
637:(40.9
596:SIMBAD
528:
456:
434:
402:
377:
365:Radius
350:
248:
240:
228:
220:
157:0.234
146:−0.04
120:5.964
5964:BX442
5957:Other
5813:7320c
5610:Other
5576:Other
5416:NGC 8
5374:Other
4131:Bayer
4122:Stars
4016:Stars
3948:S2CID
3922:arXiv
3818:S2CID
3790:arXiv
3705:S2CID
3679:arXiv
3652:S2CID
3624:arXiv
3561:S2CID
3527:arXiv
3495:S2CID
3469:arXiv
3440:S2CID
3414:arXiv
3358:S2CID
3332:arXiv
3270:S2CID
3244:arXiv
3215:S2CID
3189:arXiv
3033:S2CID
2999:arXiv
2966:S2CID
2938:arXiv
2878:arXiv
2843:S2CID
2815:arXiv
2751:arXiv
2681:S2CID
2655:arXiv
2626:S2CID
2600:arXiv
2472:S2CID
2446:arXiv
2417:S2CID
2389:arXiv
2336:arXiv
2304:S2CID
2270:arXiv
2224:S2CID
2196:arXiv
2160:S2CID
2132:arXiv
2060:S2CID
2034:arXiv
1876:S2CID
1848:arXiv
1763:Notes
1688:NASAs
1208:0.016
1205:~460
1137:~190
1134:0.11
1130:41.39
1069:~100
1066:0.08
1062:26.67
1023:−0.11
1021:+0.13
998:0.04
994:16.25
949:years
643:Earth
471:−0.52
346:−0.07
344:+0.06
246:0.059
238:Dec.:
226:0.056
198:−11.5
65:Epoch
5948:7814
5943:7800
5938:7773
5933:7769
5928:7767
5913:7742
5908:7741
5903:7735
5898:7726
5893:7720
5888:7678
5883:7674
5878:7673
5873:7625
5868:7619
5863:7610
5858:7479
5853:7469
5848:7466
5843:7457
5838:7454
5833:7448
5828:7427
5823:7332
5818:7331
5808:7320
5803:7319
5798:7318
5793:7317
5788:7315
5783:7312
5778:7303
5773:7237
5768:7236
5763:7217
5758:7190
5753:7085
5748:7074
5743:7068
5738:7066
5733:7056
5728:7053
5723:7043
5718:7042
5713:7034
5708:7033
5566:Star
5247:9109
5242:9078
5237:9055
5232:9039
5227:8970
5222:8953
5217:8942
5212:8922
5207:8873
5202:8839
5197:8838
5192:8833
5187:8831
5182:8824
5177:8792
5172:8788
5167:8784
5162:8737
5157:8642
5152:8638
5147:8631
5142:8608
5137:8605
5132:8604
5127:8587
5122:8564
5117:8555
5112:8543
5107:8514
5102:8503
5097:8491
5092:8482
5087:8475
5082:8466
5077:8461
5072:8460
5067:8458
5062:8456
5057:8455
5052:8441
5047:8435
5042:8415
5037:8412
5032:8397
5027:8391
5022:8372
5017:8364
5012:8359
5007:8358
5002:8348
4997:8341
4992:8325
4987:8292
4982:8274
4977:8258
4972:8257
4967:8250
4962:8231
4957:8221
4952:8219
4947:8116
4919:V391
4914:V376
4909:V372
4904:V363
4899:V354
4894:V343
4889:V342
3848:2024
3761:2009
3735:2009
3591:2018
3553:PMID
3304:2008
3161:2009
3154:NASA
3127:2008
3099:2008
3066:2008
3025:PMID
2904:ISSN
2779:ISSN
2718:2008
2576:2008
2296:PMID
2105:2008
2098:V/50
2083:The
1940:2008
1832:Gaia
1645:MIRI
1576:ALMA
1489:, 5
1323:. A
1307:and
1305:Keck
1227:−0.1
1225:+0.1
1202:0.2
1198:71.6
1157:+0.1
1089:+0.1
1018:1.17
1001:~45
925:Mass
845:and
724:and
722:Beta
698:Vega
631:star
616:data
602:data
500:37.5
450:7430
432:0.05
428:4.35
400:0.41
396:4.92
375:0.05
371:1.34
341:1.43
335:Mass
314:0.08
310:2.98
151:B−V
140:U−B
5640:NGC
5265:434
3940:doi
3918:773
3808:doi
3786:430
3697:doi
3675:705
3642:doi
3620:156
3545:doi
3523:339
3487:doi
3465:733
3432:doi
3410:723
3350:doi
3328:768
3262:doi
3240:753
3207:doi
3185:729
3017:doi
2995:322
2956:doi
2934:161
2896:doi
2874:686
2833:doi
2811:902
2769:doi
2747:623
2673:doi
2651:516
2618:doi
2596:728
2556:335
2521:doi
2464:doi
2442:732
2407:doi
2385:405
2354:doi
2332:568
2288:doi
2266:468
2214:doi
2192:160
2150:doi
2128:163
2052:doi
2030:111
2000:doi
1988:118
1899:at
1887:doi
1866:doi
1844:649
1740:mJy
1510:'s
1508:ESO
1432:IAU
1407:4.9
1331:'s
1222:1.2
1183:5.7
1154:1.2
1115:7.8
1086:1.2
1047:9.1
979:7.4
811:Boo
708:).
655:Sun
649:of
581:TYC
577:SAO
573:PPM
569:HIP
557:FK5
530:Myr
524:−10
522:+20
513:Age
477:dex
436:cgs
270:mas
264:(π)
250:mas
230:mas
218:RA:
213:(μ)
6116::
5703:52
5698:42
5693:41
5688:26
5683:23
5678:22
5673:16
5668:15
5663:14
5257:HD
4942:49
4937:19
4929:HR
4884:PT
4879:OY
4874:NZ
4869:NV
4864:MT
4859:MS
4854:LS
4849:LO
4844:LL
4839:KU
4834:KT
4829:IP
4824:IM
4819:IK
4814:II
4809:HX
4804:HR
4799:HP
4794:HO
4789:HN
4784:GX
4779:GT
4774:EZ
4769:EQ
4764:EF
4759:EE
4754:DY
4749:DI
4744:DH
4739:BY
4734:BX
4729:BP
4724:BO
4719:BK
4714:BH
4709:BB
4704:AW
4699:AV
4694:AU
4689:AT
4684:AQ
4679:AG
4674:TY
4669:TW
4664:SV
4659:RZ
4654:RV
4649:RU
4592:87
4587:86
4582:85
4577:83
4572:82
4567:80
4562:79
4557:78
4552:77
4547:76
4542:75
4537:74
4532:73
4527:72
4522:71
4517:70
4512:69
4507:67
4502:66
4497:65
4492:64
4487:63
4482:61
4477:60
4472:59
4467:58
4462:57
4457:56
4452:55
4447:52
4437:45
4432:41
4427:40
4422:39
4417:38
4412:37
4407:36
4402:35
4397:34
4392:33
4387:32
4382:31
4377:30
4372:28
4367:25
4362:23
4357:21
4352:20
4347:19
4342:18
4337:17
4332:16
4327:15
4322:14
4317:13
4312:12
4307:11
3946:.
3938:.
3930:.
3916:.
3891:.
3878:^
3864:.
3838:.
3816:.
3806:.
3798:.
3784:.
3778:.
3751:.
3725:.
3703:.
3695:.
3687:.
3673:.
3650:.
3640:.
3632:.
3618:.
3612:.
3559:.
3551:.
3543:.
3535:.
3521:.
3507:^
3493:.
3485:.
3477:.
3463:.
3438:.
3430:.
3422:.
3408:.
3379:.
3356:.
3348:.
3340:.
3326:.
3312:^
3268:.
3260:.
3252:.
3238:.
3213:.
3205:.
3197:.
3183:.
3169:^
3148:.
3144:.
3116:.
3074:^
3045:^
3031:.
3023:.
3015:.
3007:.
2993:.
2978:^
2964:.
2954:.
2946:.
2932:.
2928:.
2916:^
2902:.
2894:.
2886:.
2872:.
2868:.
2855:^
2841:.
2831:.
2823:.
2809:.
2803:.
2791:^
2777:.
2767:.
2759:.
2745:.
2739:.
2702:.
2679:.
2671:.
2663:.
2649:.
2624:.
2616:.
2608:.
2594:.
2554:.
2548:.
2519:.
2509:58
2507:.
2501:.
2470:.
2462:.
2454:.
2440:.
2415:.
2405:.
2397:.
2383:.
2377:.
2352:.
2344:.
2330:.
2326:.
2302:.
2294:.
2286:.
2278:.
2264:.
2236:^
2222:.
2212:.
2204:.
2190:.
2184:.
2172:^
2158:.
2148:.
2140:.
2126:.
2122:.
2088:.
2081:.
2058:.
2050:.
2042:.
2028:.
2014:^
1998:.
1986:.
1980:.
1948:^
1931:.
1925:.
1908:^
1874:.
1864:.
1856:.
1842:.
1836:.
1811:^
1742:.
1701:.
1633:AU
1627:AU
1525:CH
1523:/
1521:CO
1472:CH
1470:/
1468:CO
1450:,
1448:Io
1446::
1383:,
1379:,
1367:,
1363:,
1342:AU
1281:—
1278:—
1274:AU
1262:—
1259:—
1255:AU
1253:5
1249:15
1215:28
1159:−0
1147:28
1091:−0
1079:28
936:AU
903:.
866:30
838:.
813:.
736:.
565:HD
561:GC
553:BD
551:,
519:30
454:75
290:pc
285:ly
254:yr
234:yr
189:(R
23:HR
5658:9
5653:2
5648:1
5552:e
5547:d
5542:c
4644:Z
4639:W
4634:U
4629:S
4624:R
4302:9
4297:7
4292:5
4287:4
4282:3
4277:2
4272:1
4254:ψ
4249:χ
4244:φ
4229:σ
4224:ρ
4219:π
4214:π
4209:ο
4204:ξ
4199:ν
4189:λ
4184:κ
4179:ι
4088:e
4081:t
4074:v
4001:e
3994:t
3987:v
3954:.
3942::
3934::
3924::
3850:.
3824:.
3810::
3802::
3792::
3763:.
3737:.
3711:.
3699::
3691::
3681::
3658:.
3644::
3636::
3626::
3593:.
3567:.
3547::
3539::
3529::
3501:.
3489::
3481::
3471::
3446:.
3434::
3426::
3416::
3391:.
3387::
3364:.
3352::
3344::
3334::
3306:.
3276:.
3264::
3256::
3246::
3221:.
3209::
3201::
3191::
3163:.
3129:.
3101:.
3068:.
3039:.
3019::
3011::
3001::
2972:.
2958::
2950::
2940::
2910:.
2898::
2890::
2880::
2849:.
2835::
2827::
2817::
2785:.
2771::
2763::
2753::
2737:"
2720:.
2687:.
2675::
2667::
2657::
2632:.
2620::
2612::
2602::
2578:.
2562::
2544:λ
2529:.
2523::
2515::
2497:γ
2493:λ
2491:"
2478:.
2466::
2458::
2448::
2423:.
2409::
2401::
2391::
2362:.
2356::
2348::
2338::
2310:.
2290::
2282::
2272::
2230:.
2216::
2208::
2198::
2166:.
2152::
2144::
2134::
2107:.
2066:.
2054::
2046::
2036::
2008:.
2002::
1994::
1976:λ
1972:γ
1942:.
1903:.
1893:)
1889::
1882:.
1868::
1860::
1850::
1830:"
1613:.
1603:T
1596:T
1582:.
1527:4
1514:.
1474:4
1373:b
1369:c
1365:d
1361:e
1251:±
1237:J
1234:R
1217:°
1210:±
1200:±
1193:J
1190:M
1185:±
1178:b
1169:J
1166:R
1149:°
1142:±
1132:±
1125:J
1122:M
1117:±
1110:c
1101:J
1098:R
1081:°
1074:±
1064:±
1057:J
1054:M
1049:±
1042:d
1033:J
1030:R
1013:°
1006:±
996:±
989:J
986:M
981:±
974:e
951:)
947:(
938:)
934:(
901:K
823:λ
809:λ
774:λ
772:(
504:2
502:±
495:)
493:i
489:v
487:(
473:±
458:K
452:±
430:±
423:)
421:g
405:L
398:±
380:R
373:±
353:M
312:±
305:)
303:V
292:)
252:/
244:±
232:/
224:±
202:2
200:±
193:)
191:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
