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939:
1619:
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212:
1027:
reappearance to his servants now set free through the removal of him who was the common enemy of all, is a fact which truly surpasses all admiration. I have no greater care than how I may best adorn with a splendid structure that sacred spot, which, under Divine direction, I have disencumbered as it were of the heavy weight of foul idol worship ; a spot which has been accounted holy from the beginning in God's judgment, but which now appears holier still, since it has brought to light a clear assurance of our
Saviour's passion.
834:
1356:
1604:
58:
1152:
525:
1527:
822:
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1192:
582:. The name Helena appears in all areas of the Empire, but is not epigraphically attested in inscriptions of Bithynia (Helena's proposed region of origin) and it was also common in Latin-speaking areas. Procopius lived much later than the era he was describing and his description may have been actually intended as an etymological explanation about the toponym
850:
1962:
caused the three crosses to be carried, one after the other, to the bedside of a worthy woman who was at the point of death. The touch of the other two was of no avail; but on touching that upon which Christ had died the woman got suddenly well again. From a letter of St. Paulinus to
Severus inserted
1965:
From the 1955 Roman
Catholic Marian Missal: St. Helen, the first Christian Empress, went to Jerusalem to try to find the True Cross. She found it in AD 320 on 14 September. In the eighth century, the feast of the Finding was transferred to 3 May and on 14 September was celebrated the "Exaltation of
981:
or
Jupiter. According to Eusebius, "here was a temple of Venus on the spot. This the queen (Helena) had destroyed." According to tradition, Helena ordered the temple torn down and, according to the legend that arose at the end of the 4th century, chose a site to begin excavating, which led to the
1026:
Such is our
Saviour's grace, that no power of language seems adequate to describe the wondrous circumstance to which I am about to refer. For, that the monument of his most holy Passion, so long ago buried beneath the ground, should have remained unknown for so long a series of years, until its
1004:, she had a woman who was near death brought from the city. When the woman touched the first and second crosses, her condition did not change, but when she touched the third and final cross she suddenly recovered, and Helena declared the cross with which the woman had been touched to be the
637:
states that Helena was about 80 on her return from
Palestine. Since that journey has been dated to 326–28, she was probably born around 246 to 249. Information about her social background universally suggests that she came from the lower classes. Fourth-century sources, following
1747:
honors her and her son
Constantine for finding the True Cross with a parade with floral and fluvial themed parade showcasing her, Constantine and other people who followed her journey to find the True Cross. Her discovery of the Cross along with Constantine is dramatised in the
1963:
in the
Breviary of Paris it would appear that St. Helena herself had sought by means of a miracle to discover which was the True Cross and that she caused a man already dead and buried to be carried to the spot, whereupon, by contact with the third cross, he came to life.
1062:, where she spent some time. Among them are items believed to be part of Jesus Christ's tunic, pieces of the holy cross, and pieces of the rope with which Jesus was tied on the Cross. The rope, considered to be the only relic of its kind, has been held at the
1466:, based on the belief that she had a revelation in a dream. She was told that she should make a bonfire and that the smoke would show her where the true cross was buried. So she ordered the people of Jerusalem to bring wood and make a huge pile. After adding
1662:, who allied with Constantius to avoid more war between the Britons and Rome. Geoffrey further states that she was brought up in the manner of a queen, as she had no brothers to inherit the throne of Britain. The source for this may have been Sozomen's
658:, a "good stable-maid", probably to contrast her with the general suggestion of sexual laxness considered typical of that group. Other sources, especially those written after Constantine's proclamation as emperor, gloss over or ignore her background.
2720:
The ecclesiastical history of
Socrates, surnamed Scholasticus, or the Advocate : comprising a history of the church, in seven books, from the accession of Constantine, A.D. 305, to the 38th year of Theodosius II., including a period of 140
1675:
The statement made by
English chroniclers of the Middle Ages, according to which Helena was supposed to have been the daughter of a British prince, is entirely without historical foundation. It may arise from the similarly named Welsh princess
1458:, which commemorates her discovery of the cross, is celebrated on 17 Meskerem in the Ethiopian calendar (September 27, Gregorian calendar, or on 28 September in leap years). The holiday is usually celebrated with the lighting of a large
744:, a cohabitation recognized in fact but not in law. Others, like Timothy Barnes, assert that Constantius and Helena were joined in an official marriage, on the grounds that the sources claiming an official marriage are more reliable.
1684:
and to have borne a son named Constantine) or from the misinterpretation of a term used in the fourth chapter of the panegyric on Constantine's marriage with Fausta. The description of Constantine honoring Britain
569:
and that therefore her place of origin should be looked for in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. No Greek inscriptions have been attested dedicated to Helena during her lifetime. The 6th-century historian
1585:
She lith in a ffayr place of religion, of white monks, ye may see her face perfythly, her body ys covered with a cloth of whith sylke ... Also there lyes upon her breast a lytell crosse made of the holy crosse
1798:; separated from her husband, she lives a quiet life, supporting herself on her embroidery, until such time as her son's charm and grace wins her husband's attention and so the revelation of their identities.
1853:(1947) in which she is again the daughter of King Coel of Colchester. In the 2021 novel Eagle Ascending by Dan Whitfield she is depicted as having lived to age 118 as result of the powers of the True Cross.
781:
at Nicomedia, where Constantine grew to be a member of the inner circle. Helena never remarried and lived for a time in obscurity, though close to her only son, who had a deep regard and affection for her.
1088:
Helena left Jerusalem and the eastern provinces in 327 to return to Rome, bringing with her large parts of the True Cross and other relics, which were then stored in her palace's private chapel, now the
1581:
claims to have the complete body of the saint enshrined under the main altar. In 1517, the English priest, Richard Torkington, having seen the relics during a visit to Venice described them as follows:
796:(emperor) in 306 by Constantius' troops after the latter had died, and following his elevation his mother was brought back to the public life in 312, returning to the imperial court. She appears in the
1070:. Local tradition holds that she imported hundreds of cats from Egypt or Palestine in the fourth century to rid a monastery of snakes. The monastery is today known as "St. Nicholas of the Cats" (Greek
1042:. To use their miraculous power to aid her son, Helena allegedly had one placed in Constantine's helmet, and another in the bridle of his horse. According to one tradition, Helena acquired the
1000:, the main body of which does not mention the event. Then, Rufinus relates, the empress refused to be swayed by anything short of solid proof and performed a test. Possibly through Bishop
1618:
721:
of one of Aurelian's protectors, which could indicate the emperor's presence in the Bithynian region soon after AD 270. The precise legal nature of the relationship between Helena and
725:
is also unknown. The sources are equivocal on the point, sometimes calling Helena Constantius' "wife", and sometimes, following the dismissive propaganda of Constantine's rival
1668:, which, however, does not claim Helena was British but only that her son Constantine picked up his Christianity there. Constantine was with his father when he died in
217:
3693:
901:; sites of Christ's birth and ascension, respectively. Local founding legend attributes to Helena's orders the construction of a church in Egypt to identify the
3698:
2942:
2836:
3165:"Nottinghamshire history > Articles > Articles form the Transactions of the Thoroton Society > An itinerary of Nottingham: St Mary's churchyard"
2891:
2259:
3055:
1470:
to it, the bonfire was lit and the smoke rose high up to the sky and returned to the ground, exactly to the spot where the Cross had been buried.
1151:
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378:
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797:
2220:
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The Self-Ruled Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America: St. Helen, Mother of Emperor Constantine, Equal of the Apostles
108:
3643:
1066:, which was also said to have been founded by Helena. According to tradition, Helena is responsible for the large population of cats in
1603:
759:). In order to obtain a wife more consonant with his rising status, Constantius divorced Helena some time before 289, when he married
1434:
3739:
3469:
Young, Frances M. (2006). "Prelude: Jesus Christ, Foundation of Christianity". In Mitchell, Margaret M.; Young, Frances M. (eds.).
1763:
614:
have been named after Helena. Equally uncertain to Drepanum and without strong documentation suggestions about her birthplace are:
17:
2143:
Constantine's mother, Helena, was a Greek form Asia Minor and also a devoted Christian who seemed to have influenced his choices.
561:, "generally assumed" to be the place. Her name is attested on coins as Flavia Helena, Flavia Julia Helena and sometimes Aelena.
3109:
594:
has, however, argued that Helenopolis was refounded to strengthen the communication network around Constantine's new capital in
3849:
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1420:
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2009:
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portraying Constantine's family, probably commemorating the birth of Constantine's son Constantine II in the summer of 316.
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1567:
1157:
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371:
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1447:
816:
1988:
The Emperor’s Mother Helena having come to Jerusalem, searches for and finds the Cross of Christ, and builds a Church.
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3505:
3449:
3441:
3398:
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3345:
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1408:
590:" after her death around AD 330, which supports the belief that the city was indeed her birthplace. The Byzantinist
3794:
3774:
3769:
3759:
2288:
2082:
1717:
3042:"Time Present and Time Past: Ancient Skulls and Medieval Skullduggery - the Mysterious Afterlives of Saint Helena"
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364:
767:'s daughter under his command. The narrative sources date the marriage to 293, when Constantius was appointed
3829:
1938:
Noted in Stephenson 2010:253f, who observes "None of this is true", noting Rufinus' source in a lost work of
3140:"Colchester Town Hall:: OS grid TL9925 :: Geograph Britain and Ireland – photograph every grid square!"
3723:
3704:
Saint Eleanor Catholic Church (Ruidoso, NM) & Saint Jude Catholic Mission (San Patricio, NM): St Helena
3617:
3337:
3186:"The Meaning Behind Our Traditions Santacruzan and Flores de Mayo Street Festival", Santacruzan Festival JC
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1012:
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on 27 February of an uncertain year soon after 270 (probably around 272). At the time, she was in Naissus (
623:
3164:
1720:
in Colchester was believed to have been founded by Helena herself, and since the 15th century, the town's
3764:
3364:
1625:
698:
610:
in the Pontus, were probably all named after Constantine's mother. Two other locations in France and the
3382:
3003:
1520:
1094:
894:
882:
777:
of 289 refers to the new couple as already married. Helena and her son were dispatched to the court of
740:
Some scholars, such as the historian Jan Drijvers, assert that Constantius and Helena were joined in a
654:, a term translated as "stable-maid" or "inn-keeper". He makes this comment a virtue, calling Helena a
506:
3623:
3073:
1693: "from the outset", "from the beginning") may have been taken as an allusion to his birth ("from
1403:
is celebrated with her son on 21 May, the "Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helena,
3789:
1137:(Saint Constance). However, in 1154 her remains were replaced in the sarcophagus with the remains of
995:
760:
574:
is the earliest authority for the statement that Helena was a native of Drepanum, in the province of
566:
3844:
3473:. The Cambridge History of Christianity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–34.
3357:
3248:
2196:
Helena Augusta: The mother of Constantine the Great and the legend of her finding of the true cross
1794:
1551:
1142:
598:, and was renamed simply to honor Helena, not to necessarily mark her birthplace. There was also a
280:
2998:
1771:
1732:
has a Victorian statue of the saint on top of its 50-metre-high (160 ft) tower. The arms of
1516:
1400:
1359:
1278:
1217:
946:
931:
677:. This led to the later dedication of 135 churches in England to her, many in around the area of
599:
498:
482:
211:
31:
919:
863:
According to Eusebius, Helena was converted to Christianity by Constantine. He appointed her as
2578:, 39–42; Elliott, "Constantine's Conversion," 425–6; Elliott, "Eusebian Frauds," 163; Elliott,
1412:
1312:
886:
587:
550:
475:
84:
2799:
2753:
2156:
869:, and gave her unlimited access to the imperial treasury in order to locate the relics of the
3694:
Sts. Constantine & Helen Greek Orthodox Church: The Lives of Sts. Constantine & Helen
3663:
3498:
Historia and fabula: myths and legends in historical thought from antiquity to the modern age
2771:
2126:
1959:
1827:
1709:
1574:
1404:
1203:
1063:
1001:
950:
639:
463:
350:
270:
244:
184:
2374:
1729:
1338:
archaeologists, converts, difficult marriages, divorced people, empresses, new discoveries,
3744:
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Holy Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai: Saint Helen and the Holy Monastery of Sinai
1939:
1812:
1647:
1130:
878:
874:
682:
662:
634:
603:
478:
in her honor, although several locations have been proposed for her birthplace and origin.
231:
3637:
1981:
8:
3749:
3652:
2837:"May 21: Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal to the Apostles"
2078:
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870:
855:
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722:
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194:
130:
119:
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1392:, as a saint. She is sometimes known as Helen of Constantinople to distinguish her from
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1610:
1543:
1504:
1385:
1285:
1247:
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510:
2013:
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are almost identical because of the city's connection with Cole, her supposed father.
3784:
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3252:
3215:
3117:
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2792:
2725:
2685:
2675:
2267:
2244:
2199:
2162:
2132:
2102:
1783:
1419:. Some Anglican and Lutheran churches keep the 21 May date. Helena is honored in the
1377:
1222:
991:
978:
774:
669:
promoted a popular tradition that Helena was a British princess and the daughter of "
226:
137:
3301:
2582:, 17; Jones, 13–14; Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (CC), 59; Odahl, 16; Pohlsander,
1530:
Baroque statue of "Santa Liena" in the 2011 village festa procession of Birkirkara,
737:, perhaps confused by the vague terminology of his own sources, manages to do both.
3839:
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2300:
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1347:
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833:
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486:
454:
397:
346:
310:
63:
48:
3616:
1900:
It has been speculated that the name "Aelena" is the result of poor minting, with
1704:
currently exist in the United Kingdom dedicated to a Saint Helen. She is also the
1018:
The "Letter From Constantine to Macarius of Jerusalem", as presented in Eusebius'
3814:
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3525:
3308:
3281:
2916:
2096:
1831:
1389:
1381:
1355:
1323:
1242:
1161:
898:
849:
502:
3699:
A Treasury of Martyrs and Saints: Saint Helen, and Emperor Constantine the Great
3819:
1977:
1744:
1681:
769:
717:
saw her as his divinely-sent soulmate. Barnes calls attention to an epitaph at
595:
427:
300:
3671:
3185:
2972:
2304:
2194:
Drijvers, Jan Willem (1991). "Helena's position at the court of Constantine".
3733:
3601:
3095:
3056:"The Holy Relics of Saint Helen came to Greece for the first time since 1211"
2026:
Her designation as a saint precedes the practice of canonization by the Pope.
1952:
1846:
1651:
1439:
748:
713:. It is said that upon meeting they were wearing identical silver bracelets;
260:
142:
2689:
1697:
beginning") although it was actually discussing the beginning of his reign.
709:, could have met her while stationed in Asia Minor for the campaign against
57:
3139:
2260:"1 Sepulchral Jews and Stony Christians: Supersession in Bede and Cynewulf"
2000:
1807:
1721:
1705:
1467:
1339:
1333:
1257:
1122:
902:
826:
607:
466:. She was born in the lower classes traditionally in the city of Drepanon,
459:
2865:
909:—often referred to as the Chapel of Saint Helen—is dated to the year 330.
3269:
in citations). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1982.
1973:
1926:
1868:
Her full name is not attested until 324, when she received the honorific
1755:
1750:
1659:
1508:
1134:
591:
562:
514:
163:
2128:
Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia
1113:
Helena died around 330, with her son at her side. She was buried in the
3717:
3676:
2236:
1786:, Helena appears as a persecuted heroine, in the vein of such women as
1733:
1725:
1713:
1677:
1526:
1477:
1438:
Saint Helena retrieving the true cross, miniature from the 9th century
1393:
1098:
1043:
1005:
838:
778:
674:
579:
524:
494:
471:
92:
2456:
Cross and Culture in Anglo-Norman England: Theology, Imagery, Devotion
965:
had built during the 130s a temple to Venus over the supposed site of
957:
Jerusalem was still being rebuilt following the destruction caused by
914:
650:
of Milan, writing in the late 4th century was the first to call her a
3681:
3412:
2774:
Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine
2756:
Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine
2371:
Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the fourth century
1967:
1701:
1493:
1481:
1102:
1039:
1035:
890:
730:
726:
718:
678:
670:
571:
558:
490:
337:
1593:
and were displayed in the church of Agia Varvara (Saint Barbara) in
885:, she was responsible for the construction or beautification of the
2004:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1362:
1305:
Tuesday after third Sunday of Pentecost (Armenian Apostolic Church)
1090:
1077:
821:
764:
706:
611:
575:
554:
467:
290:
88:
1788:
1097:, where they can be still seen today. This has been maintained by
1011:
On the site of discovery, Constantine ordered the building of the
873:. In AD 326–28 Helena undertook a trip to Palestine. According to
681:, and revived as a suggestion in the 20th century in the novel by
3656:
3636:
3318:
Elliott, T. G. "Constantine's Conversion: Do We Really Need It?"
2783:
2561:, 17; Odahl, 15; Pohlsander, "Constantine I"; Southern, 169, 341.
1980:, or inscription, had remained fastened to the Cross."; see also
1823:
1759:
1547:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1459:
1031:
983:
977:. Accounts differ concerning whether the temple was dedicated to
970:
962:
710:
647:
615:
533:
179:
30:"Flavia Julia Helena" redirects here. For her granddaughter, see
2037:
The purely legendary British connection is traced by A. Harbus,
1966:
the Cross," the commemoration of a victory over the Persians by
994:' chapters appended to his translation into Latin of Eusebius's
982:
recovery of three different crosses. The legend is recounted in
807:
in Rome which she converted into an even more luxurious palace.
493:, during which ancient tradition claims that she discovered the
2158:
Lives Between The Lines: A Journey in Search of the Lost Levant
1839:
1835:
1594:
1578:
1455:
1428:
1271:
1191:
1067:
1059:
756:
734:
619:
546:
2264:
The Accommodated Jew: English Antisemitism from Bede to Milton
2198:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. BRILL. p. 41.
1015:. Churches were also built on other sites detected by Helena.
785:
752:
3454:
Rodgers, Barbara Saylor. "The Metamorphosis of Constantine."
1563:
1531:
1178:
1047:
966:
958:
627:
529:
518:
431:
3372:
Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire: A.D. 312–460
3325:
Elliott, T. G. "Eusebian Frauds in the "Vita Constantini"."
1762:
was once celebrated), the procession also bears elements of
825:
The church of the Archangel Michael founded by St. Helen in
3461:
Wright, David H. "The True Face of Constantine the Great."
3031:, information brochure published by Trier Cathedral (2017).
2113:"Constantine's mother Helena, was a Greek and a Christian".
1970:, as a result of which the relic was returned to Jerusalem.
1555:
1365:
1196:
Statue of Saint Helena in St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy
1118:
1058:
Several relics purportedly discovered by Helena are now in
586:. On the other hand, her son Constantine renamed the city "
418:
412:
406:
104:
67:
3672:
Eternal Word Television Network: Saint Helena Widow c. 330
2466:
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1583:
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1296:
21 May (Orthodox and most Anglican and Lutheran Churches)
3418:
Mango, Cyril. "The Empress Helena, Helenopolis, Pylae."
1834:. She is given the name Eilan and depicted as a trained
1542:
Her alleged skull is displayed in the east crypt of the
2839:. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Archived from
2651:
2461:
1912:(based on an earlier Greek text) also refers to her as
549:, however, her birthplace is not known with certainty.
2414:
1925:
The cameo was incorporated in the rich binding of the
1550:. Portions of her relics are found at the basilica of
646:
record that she came from a humble background. Bishop
3409:
From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views
3072:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Archived from
2674:(First American ed.). New York. pp. 68–69.
2003:
pre-dates the practice of formal canonization by the
1770:
procession is also held by the Filipino community of
1589:" In an ecumenical gesture, these relics visited the
1407:". Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Church and in
1105:
which has been attached to the church for centuries.
415:
3591:
3436:. London & New York: Routledge, 2004. Hardcover
2518:
306, p. 228, 23/4, cited in Lieu and Montserrat, 49.
2266:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 28–63.
2221:"Text as Revelation: Constantine's Dream in "Elene""
2175:
1650:, claimed that Helena was a daughter of the King of
409:
915:
The True Cross and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
810:
565:suggested that the name Helena was typical for the
485:. In her final years, she made a religious tour of
403:
400:
3546:
2791:
2095:Phelan, Marilyn E.; Phelan, Jay M. (8 June 2021).
688:
3627:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 630.
3379:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine
3070:"Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories"
1929:; the year 316 is argued in Stephenson 2010:126f.
3731:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
1739:
230:, with his eldest son Constantine II crowned by
3519:. Moses Hadas, trans. New York: Pantheon Books.
1951:There are actually several different accounts:
1133:, next to the sarcophagus of her granddaughter
3726:from Caxton's translation of the Golden Legend
2347:
2345:
2098:In His Footsteps: The Early Followers of Jesus
1777:
1672:, but neither had spent much time in Britain.
881:to Palestine and other eastern provinces, and
817:Early centers of Christianity § Jerusalem
3377:Lenski, Noel. "The Reign of Constantine." In
2860:
2858:
2724:. Harvard University. London : H. Bohn.
2407:
2405:
2323:
2311:
1642:In Great Britain, later legend, mentioned by
372:
3647:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 219.
3549:Constantine the Great: the man and his times
3263:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
2921:. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019.
2495:Constantine, Roman Emperor, Christian Victor
2289:"Anglo-saxon self-consciousness in language"
2094:
1874:. Her birth name was probably just "Helena".
1632:
3110:"Colchester In The Early Fifteenth Century"
2342:
1071:
786:After Constantine's ascension to the throne
481:Helena ranks as an important figure in the
3567:
3514:
3495:
3381:, edited by Noel Lenski, 59–90. New York:
2855:
2702:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2402:
2154:
1976:following Rufinus, it would seem that the
1958:: "Following an inspiration from on high,
1190:
379:
365:
210:
56:
3334:The Christianity of Constantine the Great
3247:in citations). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
3209:
2947:Meskel Being Celebrated Across The Nation
2101:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 67.
1908:. Nonetheless the 5th-century Latin text
1411:falls on 18 August. Her feast day in the
3631:
3361:Constantine and the Conversion of Europe
3279:
2716:
2484:2776, cited in Barnes, "New Empire," 36.
2420:
2336:
2317:
2193:
2181:
2071:
1525:
1433:
1354:
1046:on her trip to Jerusalem and sent it to
937:
918:
848:
832:
820:
747:Helena gave birth to the future emperor
523:
3523:
3302:Evelyn Waugh, Helena and the True Cross
2669:
2257:
2124:
2065:
2012:. TGermanCulture.com.ua. Archived from
1972:From yet another tradition, related by
1728:and three crowned nails in her honour.
1624:So-called "cup of Saint Helena" in the
567:Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire
27:Roman empress and saint (c. 246–c. 330)
14:
3732:
3651:
2286:
2218:
2007:and by the relevant Orthodox Churches.
1956:: Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix
1637:
1202:Empress, Mother of Saint Constantine,
3544:
3468:
2973:"СОБОР СИНАЙСКИХ ПРЕПОДОБНЫХ - Древо"
2935:
2789:
2657:
2586:, 14; Rodgers, 238; Wright, 495, 507.
2155:Vatikiotis, Michael (5 August 2021).
1609:Helena's skull relic in the crypt of
1368:of Saint Constantine and Saint Helena
1141:, and Helena's remains were moved to
773:(heir-apparent) of Maximian, but the
3825:Late Ancient Christian female saints
3527:Helena Augusta: Mother of the Empire
3427:Constantine and the Christian Empire
3352:Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend
3214:. United States: Touch Point Press.
1816:. She is also the main character of
606:. These cities, and the province of
216:Medallion of Constantine I from the
3354:. Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 2002.
3200:p. 29 New York: Burt Franklin, 1963
3096:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Helena"
2360:Mango, 143–58, cited in Harbus, 13.
2219:Harbus, Antonina (1 October 1994).
2039:Helen of Britain in Medieval Legend
1986:at CCEL.org: Book I, Chapter XVII:
1452:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches
1108:
536:, possibly depicting Helena, c. 310
24:
3724:Of the Invention of the Holy Cross
3489:
3167:. Nottshistory.org.uk. 1 June 2010
2085:, "Origo Constantini Imperatoris".
1845:Helena is also the protagonist of
1724:has shown a representation of the
693:It is unknown where she first met
25:
3861:
3587:
1801:
1584:
1568:Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers
1409:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate
1038:claim that Helena also found the
877:, who records the details of her
238:, Constans and Constantius II (L)
3594:
3517:The Age of Constantine the Great
3374:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
2866:"ЕЛЕНА РАВНОАПОСТОЛЬНАЯ - Древо"
1617:
1602:
1399:Her feast day as a saint of the
1150:
811:Pilgrimage and relic discoveries
396:
3740:Helena, mother of Constantine I
3203:
3190:
3179:
3157:
3132:
3102:
3088:
3062:
3048:
3034:
3018:
2991:
2965:
2909:
2884:
2829:
2824:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
2816:
2765:
2747:
2738:
2717:Socrates, Scholasticus (1853).
2710:
2663:
2644:. 10(2).11.4, cited in Barnes,
2615:
2602:
2589:
2564:
2547:
2534:
2521:
2500:
2487:
2473:
2448:
2439:
2426:
2389:
2380:
2363:
2354:
2287:Bodden, Mary Catherine (1987).
2280:
2251:
2212:
2031:
1993:
1945:
1932:
1919:
1894:
1299:19 May (some Lutheran Churches)
689:Marriage to Emperor Constantius
444:AD 246/248–330), also known as
2826:, London: Penguin, pp. 107–108
2778:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
2760:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
2481:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
2386:Hunt, 49, cited in Harbus, 12.
2187:
2148:
2118:
2088:
1877:
1862:
1277:The shrine to Saint Helena in
1206:, Protector of the Holy Places
705:, while serving under Emperor
13:
1:
3850:Mothers of Byzantine emperors
3496:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1994).
3280:Drijvers, Jan Willem (1992).
2670:Norwich, John Julius (1996).
2047:
2010:"August 18 in German History"
1806:Helena is the protagonist of
1740:Filipino legend and tradition
1597:from 14 May to 15 June 2017.
1560:Église Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles
1160:in the Museo Pio-Clementino,
1131:Pio-Clementine Vatican Museum
842:
618:(central Balkans), Caphar or
540:
441:
234:(R) accompanied by the other
78:
3780:4th-century Christian saints
3572:. Chicago: Ares Publishers.
3568:Pohlsander, Hans A. (1995).
3429:. New York: Routledge, 2004.
3338:University of Scranton Press
2918:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
2052:
1883:Spelling variations include
1764:the month's Marian devotions
1384:churches, as well as by the
1372:Helena is considered by the
1169:
1013:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
990:(died 395) and at length in
7:
3755:3rd-century Roman empresses
3530:. Oxford University Press.
3365:University of Toronto Press
3198:Medieval Romance in England
2580:Christianity of Constantine
2559:Christianity of Constantine
2125:Stanton, Andrea L. (2012).
1778:Medieval legend and fiction
1626:Treasury of Trier Cathedral
1511:along with the saints from
1293:18 August (Catholic Church)
943:Saint Helena with the Cross
907:Saint Catherine's Monastery
790:Constantine was proclaimed
170:Flavia Julia Helena Augusta
10:
3866:
3835:Saints from Roman Anatolia
3515:Burckhardt, Jacob (1949).
3383:Cambridge University Press
3232:
3004:Orthodox Church in America
2943:"Walta Information Center"
1754:, a ritual pageant in the
1521:Orthodox Church in America
1382:Eastern and Roman Catholic
1095:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
988:On the Death of Theodosius
814:
507:Oriental Orthodox Churches
432:
29:
3618:"Saint Helena (1.)"
3570:Helena: empress and saint
2794:The Rough Guide To Cyprus
2305:10.1080/00138388708598490
1680:(alleged to have married
1633:Later cultural traditions
1591:Orthodox Church of Greece
1537:
1394:others with similar names
1332:
1322:
1302:22 May (Episcopal Church)
1284:
1268:
1256:
1210:
1201:
1189:
1176:
1072:
1053:
633:The bishop and historian
190:
178:
169:
162:
157:
152:
148:
136:
126:
114:
98:
74:
55:
46:
41:
3249:Harvard University Press
3241:Constantine and Eusebius
2798:. Rough Guide. pp.
2470:Lieu and Montserrat, 49.
2307:– via Tandfonline.
1856:
1552:Santa Maria in Ara Coeli
1184:Helena of Constantinople
1143:Santa Maria in Ara Coeli
1073:Άγιος Νικόλαος των Γατών
1040:nails of the crucifixion
924:Helena of Constantinople
905:of Sinai. The chapel at
600:Helenopolis in Palestine
446:Helena of Constantinople
205:Roman imperial dynasties
62:Statue of Helena in the
18:Helena of Constantinople
3795:Byzantine female saints
3775:4th-century Greek women
3770:3rd-century Greek women
3760:4th-century Roman women
3644:Encyclopædia Britannica
3624:Encyclopædia Britannica
3545:Grant, Michael (1994).
3524:Hillner, Julia (2023).
3456:The Classical Quarterly
3434:The Emperor Constantine
3425:Odahl, Charles Matson.
3403:Lieu, Samuel N. C. and
3300:Drijvers, Jan Willem. "
3210:Whitfield, Dan (2021).
2445:Drijvers. 1992. p 12-18
2258:Lavezzo, Kathy (2016).
1782:In medieval legend and
1772:Jersey City, New Jersey
1517:Russian Orthodox Church
1401:Eastern Orthodox Church
1083:
973:, and renamed the city
947:Lucas Cranach the Elder
932:National Gallery of Art
499:Eastern Orthodox Church
483:history of Christianity
448:and in Christianity as
32:Helena (wife of Julian)
3800:Christian royal saints
3553:. New York: Scribner.
3471:Origins to Constantine
2822:Norwich, J. J. (1995)
2776:. From Philip Schaff,
2758:. From Philip Schaff,
2161:. Orion. p. 138.
1665:Historia Ecclesiastica
1534:
1443:
1413:Coptic Orthodox Church
1369:
1313:Coptic Orthodox Church
1076:) and is located near
1029:
997:Ecclesiastical History
954:
935:
887:Church of the Nativity
860:
846:
841:, Italian manuscript,
830:
537:
462:and mother of Emperor
218:Szilágysomlyo Treasure
3810:Constantinian dynasty
3805:Constantine the Great
3718:Christian Iconography
3664:Catholic Encyclopedia
3463:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
3307:23 March 2019 at the
3025:Prof. Dr. Franz Ronig
2896:The Church of England
2628:. 39.24f; Eutropius,
2557:, 3, 39–42; Elliott,
2247:– via ProQuest.
1954:Catholic Encyclopedia
1828:Marion Zimmer Bradley
1700:At least twenty-five
1529:
1437:
1423:on 21 May but in the
1405:Equal to the Apostles
1358:
1204:Equal to the Apostles
1129:is on display in the
1064:Stavrovouni Monastery
1024:
1002:Macarius of Jerusalem
951:Cincinnati Art Museum
941:
922:
883:Socrates Scholasticus
852:
836:
824:
527:
464:Constantine the Great
351:Valentinianic dynasty
245:Constantinian dynasty
3830:People from Bithynia
3687:9 April 2009 at the
3653:Kirsch, Johann Peter
2790:Dubin, Marc (2009).
2744:Stephenson 2010:252.
2131:. SAGE. p. 25.
1940:Gelasius of Caesarea
1758:. Held in May (when
1730:Colchester Town Hall
1648:Geoffrey of Monmouth
1646:but made popular by
1279:St. Peter's Basilica
1158:Helena's sarcophagus
875:Eusebius of Caesarea
829:in Asia Minor in 327
663:Geoffrey of Monmouth
635:Eusebius of Caesarea
604:Helenopolis in Lydia
553:, then Drepanum, in
474:, which was renamed
3633:Delehaye, Hippolyte
3458:39 (1989): 233–246.
3420:Travaux et Mémoires
3329:45 (1991): 162–171.
3322:41 (1987): 420–438.
3261:Barnes, Timothy D.
3239:Barnes, Timothy D.
3120:on 29 December 2008
2660:, p. 6, n. 24.
2584:Emperor Constantine
2514:292, p. 226, 4 and
2369:Günter Stemberger,
2079:Anonymus Valesianus
2068:, pp. 17, 198.
1819:Priestess of Avalon
1644:Henry of Huntingdon
1638:In British folklore
1340:Saint Helena Island
1328:crown, cross, nails
1228:Eastern Catholicism
1115:Mausoleum of Helena
1020:Life of Constantine
934:, Washington, D.C.)
871:Christian tradition
856:Nuremberg Chronicle
837:Helena finding the
742:common-law marriage
729:, calling her his "
701:has suggested that
673:" from the area of
667:Henry of Huntingdon
392:Flavia Julia Helena
224:(C) crowned by the
195:Nicene Christianity
158:Flavia Julia Helena
131:Constantius Chlorus
120:Mausoleum of Helena
102:AD 330 (aged 82–84)
3765:4th-century Romans
3658:"St. Helena"
3638:"Helena, St"
3612:at Catholic Online
3465:41 (1987): 493–507
3432:Pohlsander, Hans.
3422:12 (1994): 143–58.
3405:Dominic Montserrat
3385:, 2006. Hardcover
3196:Laura A. Hibbard,
2999:"Bright Wednesday"
2843:on 7 November 2007
2434:De obitu Theodosii
2237:10.1007/BF01003514
1544:Cathedral of Trier
1535:
1444:
1386:Anglican Communion
1370:
1248:Church of the East
1238:Anglican Communion
1233:Oriental Orthodoxy
1139:Pope Anastasius IV
961:in AD 70. Emperor
955:
936:
928:Cima da Conegliano
861:
847:
831:
805:Horti Spei Veteris
538:
511:Anglican Communion
109:Tuscania et Umbria
3537:978-0-19-087529-9
3500:. Leiden: Brill.
3480:978-1-107-42361-9
3350:Harbus, Antonia.
3293:978-90-04-09435-2
3257:978-0-674-16531-1
3221:978-1-952816-51-2
2928:978-1-64065-235-4
2731:978-0-524-00652-8
2497:, 2010:126f.:130.
2493:Paul Stephenson,
2273:978-1-5017-0615-8
2168:978-1-4746-1322-4
2138:978-1-4129-8176-7
2108:978-1-6667-0186-9
1784:chivalric romance
1718:St Helen's Chapel
1692:
1421:Church of England
1390:Lutheran Churches
1378:Oriental Orthodox
1353:
1352:
1223:Roman Catholicism
1218:Eastern Orthodoxy
1211:Venerated in
853:St Helena in the
803:She lived in the
389:
388:
356:
355:
319:
318:
200:
199:
174:
173:
16:(Redirected from
3857:
3790:British folklore
3668:
3660:
3648:
3640:
3628:
3620:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3583:
3564:
3552:
3541:
3520:
3511:
3484:
3336:. Scranton, PA:
3313:Classics Ireland
3297:
3226:
3225:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3116:. Archived from
3106:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3044:. 9 August 2015.
3038:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2953:on 19 March 2006
2949:. Archived from
2939:
2933:
2932:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2797:
2787:
2781:
2769:
2763:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2693:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2400:
2397:Vita Constantini
2393:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2340:
2334:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2092:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:on 17 March 2015
1997:
1991:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1866:
1690:
1621:
1606:
1588:
1587:
1509:Bright Wednesday
1425:Episcopal Church
1374:Eastern Orthodox
1360:Eastern Orthodox
1348:Hagonoy, Bulacan
1344:Noveleta, Cavite
1274:
1263:Pre-Congregation
1194:
1174:
1173:
1154:
1109:Death and burial
1075:
1074:
975:Aelia Capitolina
895:Church of Eleona
844:
697:. The historian
517:revere her as a
487:Syria Palaestina
443:
435:
434:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
381:
374:
367:
330:
329:
257:
256:
214:
202:
201:
150:
149:
83:Drepanon (later
80:
64:Musei Capitolini
60:
39:
38:
21:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3845:Anglican saints
3730:
3729:
3689:Wayback Machine
3615:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3580:
3561:
3538:
3508:
3492:
3490:Further reading
3487:
3481:
3332:Elliott, T. G.
3309:Wayback Machine
3294:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3212:Eagle Ascending
3208:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3144:Geograph.org.uk
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3029:Trier Cathedral
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2788:
2784:
2770:
2766:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2715:
2711:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2594:
2590:
2569:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2522:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:42; Harbus, 13.
2431:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2293:English Studies
2285:
2281:
2274:
2256:
2252:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2019:
2017:
2008:
1998:
1994:
1971:
1964:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1899:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1851:The Living Wood
1832:Diana L. Paxson
1804:
1780:
1742:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1611:Trier Cathedral
1607:
1540:
1492:Saint Helen in
1454:, the feast of
1318:
1269:
1252:
1243:Lutheran Church
1197:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1165:
1162:Vatican Museums
1155:
1111:
1086:
1056:
917:
899:Mount of Olives
819:
813:
788:
775:Latin panegyric
691:
656:bona stabularia
543:
515:Lutheran Church
503:Catholic Church
399:
395:
385:
345:
336:
239:
122:
103:
82:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3863:
3853:
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3842:
3837:
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3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
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3787:
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3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3682:s9.com: Helena
3679:
3674:
3669:
3649:
3629:
3613:
3606:
3605:
3589:
3588:External links
3586:
3585:
3584:
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3292:
3283:Helena Augusta
3277:
3259:
3236:
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3202:
3189:
3178:
3156:
3131:
3101:
3087:
3076:on 18 May 2008
3061:
3058:. 15 May 2017.
3047:
3033:
3017:
2990:
2964:
2934:
2927:
2908:
2892:"The Calendar"
2883:
2854:
2828:
2815:
2808:
2782:
2764:
2746:
2737:
2730:
2709:
2680:
2662:
2650:
2614:
2601:
2588:
2563:
2546:
2533:
2529:Helena Augusta
2520:
2499:
2486:
2472:
2460:
2447:
2438:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2388:
2379:
2373:, 2000, p. 9 (
2362:
2353:
2341:
2322:
2310:
2279:
2272:
2250:
2231:(4): 645–653.
2211:
2204:
2186:
2174:
2167:
2147:
2137:
2117:
2107:
2087:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2030:
1992:
1984:Church History
1944:
1931:
1918:
1893:
1876:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1810:'s 1950 novel
1803:
1802:Modern fiction
1800:
1779:
1776:
1745:Flores de Mayo
1741:
1738:
1682:Magnus Maximus
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1573:The church of
1539:
1536:
1482:Precious Nails
1478:Precious Cross
1351:
1350:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
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1254:
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1225:
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1212:
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1198:
1195:
1187:
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1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1149:
1110:
1107:
1085:
1082:
1055:
1052:
916:
913:
812:
809:
787:
784:
699:Timothy Barnes
690:
687:
596:Constantinople
557:is, following
542:
539:
528:A fresco from
452:, was an
387:
386:
384:
383:
376:
369:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
340:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
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307:
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301:Constantius II
297:
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287:
286:
283:
281:Constantine II
277:
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220:, showing the
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3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:Saints portal
3592:
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3579:0-89005-562-9
3575:
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3391:0-521-81838-9
3388:
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3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:Jones, A.H.M.
3356:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:0-940866-59-5
3343:
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3275:0-7837-2221-4
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2994:
2978:
2977:drevo-info.ru
2974:
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2870:drevo-info.ru
2867:
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2809:9781858289939
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2654:
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2618:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2574:, 3; Barnes,
2573:
2567:
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2556:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2423:, p. 15.
2422:
2421:Drijvers 1992
2417:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2392:
2383:
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2372:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2338:
2337:Drijvers 1992
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2318:Drijvers 1992
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2225:Neophilologus
2222:
2215:
2207:
2205:9789004246768
2201:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2182:Drijvers 1992
2178:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2159:
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2144:
2140:
2134:
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2100:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:turning into
1903:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:Louis de Wohl
1843:
1841:
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1833:
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1825:
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1612:
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1600:
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1580:
1576:
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1569:
1566:, and at the
1565:
1561:
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1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
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1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1440:Paris Gregory
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
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1357:
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1341:
1337:
1335:
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1301:
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1259:
1255:
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1241:
1239:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
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1200:
1193:
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1180:
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1159:
1153:
1148:
1147:
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1140:
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1124:
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1116:
1106:
1104:
1101:monks in the
1100:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1079:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
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1021:
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1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
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989:
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960:
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799:
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794:
783:
780:
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766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Constantine I
745:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:Old King Cole
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
535:
531:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
447:
439:
429:
423:
393:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
362:
360:
359:
352:
348:
344:
341:
339:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
323:
322:
314:
312:
309:
308:
304:
302:
299:
298:
294:
292:
289:
288:
284:
282:
279:
278:
274:
272:
271:Constantine I
269:
268:
264:
262:
261:Constantius I
259:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
243:
242:
237:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
196:
193:
189:
186:
185:Constantinian
183:
181:
177:
168:
165:
161:
156:
151:
147:
144:
143:Constantine I
141:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
37:
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19:
3714:Saint Helena
3662:
3642:
3622:
3569:
3548:
3526:
3516:
3497:
3470:
3462:
3455:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:. New York:
3408:
3378:
3371:
3360:
3351:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3244:
3240:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3192:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3143:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:the original
3113:
3104:
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3074:the original
3064:
3050:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2979:(in Russian)
2976:
2967:
2957:14 September
2955:. Retrieved
2951:the original
2946:
2937:
2917:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2872:(in Russian)
2869:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2831:
2823:
2818:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2740:
2719:
2712:
2671:
2665:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:Hieronymus,
2502:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2475:
2455:
2454:John Munns,
2450:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2416:
2396:
2391:
2382:
2370:
2365:
2356:
2339:, p. 53
2320:, p. 12
2313:
2299:(1): 24–39.
2296:
2292:
2282:
2263:
2253:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2195:
2189:
2184:, p. 9.
2177:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2097:
2090:
2077:
2073:
2066:Hillner 2023
2061:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2001:canonization
1995:
1987:
1983:
1953:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1913:
1910:Acta Cyriaci
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1889:Saint Helene
1888:
1884:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1850:
1844:
1817:
1811:
1808:Evelyn Waugh
1805:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1767:
1749:
1743:
1722:coat of arms
1706:patron saint
1699:
1694:
1686:
1674:
1663:
1641:
1572:
1541:
1505:commemorated
1503:She is also
1502:
1472:
1468:frankincense
1463:
1445:
1398:
1371:
1123:Via Labicana
1112:
1087:
1057:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1010:
996:
987:
969:' tomb near
956:
942:
923:
911:
903:Burning Bush
864:
862:
854:
827:Sille, Konya
802:
791:
789:
768:
746:
739:
692:
683:Evelyn Waugh
660:
655:
651:
643:
632:
608:Helenopontus
583:
544:
480:
460:Roman Empire
458:of the
453:
450:Saint Helena
449:
445:
437:
391:
390:
342:
333:
235:
225:
221:
47:
36:
3745:240s births
3370:Hunt, E.D.
3363:. Buffalo:
2648:, 288 n.55.
2624:1; Victor,
2411:Harbus, 13.
2351:Harbus, 12.
1974:St. Ambrose
1927:Ada Gospels
1885:Saint Helen
1768:Santacruzan
1756:Philippines
1751:Santacruzan
1513:Mount Sinai
1135:Constantina
1127:sarcophagus
798:Eagle Cameo
723:Constantius
715:Constantius
703:Constantius
695:Constantius
644:Breviarium,
624:Mesopotamia
592:Cyril Mango
588:Helenopolis
584:Helenopolis
563:Joseph Vogt
551:Helenopolis
545:Helena was
476:Helenopolis
343:Followed by
334:Preceded by
164:Regnal name
85:Helenopolis
3750:330 deaths
3734:Categories
3610:St. Helena
3444:Paperback
3393:Paperback
2772:Eusebius,
2754:Eusebius,
2681:0394537785
2658:Young 2006
2632:. 9.22.1;
2576:New Empire
2542:New Empire
2527:Drijvers,
2395:Eusebius,
2048:References
2020:16 October
1982:Socrates'
1822:(2000), a
1734:Nottingham
1726:True Cross
1714:Colchester
1702:holy wells
1678:Saint Elen
1660:Colchester
1575:Sant'Elena
1474:Uncovering
1324:Attributes
1117:, outside
1099:Cistercian
1044:Holy Tunic
1022:, states:
1006:True Cross
893:, and the
879:pilgrimage
839:True Cross
815:See also:
779:Diocletian
675:Colchester
652:stabularia
580:Asia Minor
541:Early life
513:, and the
495:True Cross
472:Asia Minor
324:Succession
251:Chronology
93:Asia Minor
81:AD 246–248
3413:Routledge
3315:7 (2000).
3286:. BRILL.
3114:Dur.ac.uk
2698:cite book
2672:Byzantium
2432:Ambrose,
2375:full text
2245:161998085
2053:Citations
1968:Heraclius
1849:'s novel
1836:priestess
1826:novel by
1795:Constance
1515:, by the
1496:falls on
1494:Jerusalem
1448:Ethiopian
1417:9 Pashons
1363:Bulgarian
1334:Patronage
1309:9 Pashons
1258:Canonized
1170:Sainthood
1103:monastery
1036:Theodoret
891:Bethlehem
731:concubine
727:Maxentius
719:Nicomedia
679:Yorkshire
640:Eutropius
572:Procopius
559:Procopius
491:Jerusalem
338:Tetrarchy
227:manus Dei
3785:Augustae
3720:web site
3685:Archived
3655:(1913).
3635:(1911).
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