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throughout life it decreases in frequency with age. The location of the sensory nerves that trigger the reflex suggests it is a response to a condition in the stomach. The component of the reflex that suppresses peristalsis in the esophagus while the airway is being actively blocked suggests the esophagus is involved. Additionally, hiccups are only described in mammals, the group of animals that share the trait of suckling their young.
32:
748:. First, the subject must exhale completely, then take a deep breath. Then, they must hold their breath for ten seconds. After ten seconds, they must take another small breath without exhaling, then hold their breath for five seconds. Again, without exhaling, they must take another small breath and hold their breath for five seconds. Upon exhaling, the hiccups should be gone.
760:". This study supports the use of FISST as an option to stop transient hiccups, with more than 90% of participants reporting better results than home remedies. HiccAway stops hiccups by forceful suction that is being generated by diaphragm contraction (phrenic nerve activity), followed by swallowing the water, which requires epiglottis closure.
549:
muscles of breathing and relaxing the muscles of the esophagus, then closing the vocal cords to prevent air from entering the lungs. This creates suction in the chest, pulling air from the stomach up into the esophagus. As the respiratory muscles relax the air is expelled through the mouth, effectively "burping" the animal.
718:, may cure hiccups in some people. For example, one technique is to relax the chest and shoulders and find the deepest points of the indentations directly below the protrusions of the collarbones. The index or middle fingers are inserted into the indents and pressed firmly for sixty seconds as long, deep breaths are taken.
808:
British singer
Christopher Sands hiccupped an estimated 10 million times in a 27-month period from February 2007 to May 2009. His condition, which meant that he could hardly eat or sleep, was eventually discovered to be caused by a tumor on his brain stem pushing on nerves causing him to hiccup every
544:
A leading hypothesis is that hiccups evolved to facilitate greater milk consumption in young mammals. The coordination of breathing and swallowing during suckling is a complicated process. Some air inevitably enters the stomach, occupying space that could otherwise be optimally used for calorie-rich
649:
Episodes of hiccups usually last under 30 minutes. Prolonged attacks, while rare, can be serious. Root causes of prolonged hiccups episodes are difficult to diagnose. Such attacks can cause significant morbidity and even death. An episode lasting more than a few minutes is termed a bout; a bout of
548:
The hypothesis suggests that the presence of an air bubble in the stomach stimulates the sensory (afferent) limb of the reflex through receptors in the stomach, esophagus and along the underside of the diaphragm. This triggers the active part of the hiccup (efferent limb), sharply contracting the
552:
There are a number of characteristics of hiccups that support this theory. The burping of a suckling infant may increase its capacity for milk by more than 15-25%, bringing a significant survival advantage. There is a strong tendency for infants to get hiccups, and although the reflex persists
751:
Drinking through a straw with the ears plugged is a folk remedy that can be successful. In 2021 a scientific tool with a similar basis was tested on 249 hiccups subjects; the results were published in the
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). This device is named
343:
344:
289:. They become less frequent with advancing age. Intractable hiccups, lasting more than a month, are more common in adults. While males and females are affected equally often, men are more likely to develop protracted and intractable hiccups.
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Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. A bout of hiccups generally resolves itself without intervention, although many
2255:
650:
over 48 hours is termed persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than a month are termed intractable. In many cases, only a single hemidiaphragm, usually the left one, is affected, although both may be involved.
658:
Hiccups are normally waited out, as any fit of them will usually pass quickly. Folk 'cures' for hiccups are common and varied. Hiccups are treated medically only in severe and persistent (termed "intractable") cases.
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Histogram of period (in seconds) between each hiccup in a sequence of 50 samples in about 10 minutes. Mean: 11.40 s. Median: 10.715 s. Standard deviation: 2.88 s. Data set ranges from 6.28 s to 21.36 s.
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265:. Once triggered, the reflex causes a strong contraction of the diaphragm followed about a quarter of a second later by closure of the vocal cords, which results in the "hic" sound.
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708:, drinking a glass of water upside-down, being frightened by someone, breathing into a bag, eating a large spoonful of peanut butter and placing sugar on or under the tongue.
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1596:
Straus C, Vasilakos K, Wilson RJ, Oshima T, Zelter M, Derenne JP, Similowski T, Whitelaw WA (February 2003). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for the origin of hiccough".
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An international respiratory research group composed of members from Canada, France, and Japan proposed that the hiccup is an evolutionary remnant of earlier
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Numerous medical remedies exist but no particular treatment is known to be especially effective, generally because of a lack of high-quality evidence.
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A breathing exercise called Supra-supramaximal inspiration (SSMI) has been shown to stop persistent hiccups. It combines the three principles of
2582:
1889:
2061:
Alvarez, James; Anderson, Jane
Margaret; Snyder, Patrick Larry; Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza; Godoy, Daniel Agustin; Fox, Mark; Seifi, Ali (2021).
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1303:
Lauterbach, E. C. (1999). "Hiccup and apparent myoclonus after hydrocodone: review of the opiate-related hiccup and myoclonus literature".
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Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions. In rare cases, they can be a sign of serious medical problems such as
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Seifi A, inventor. Hiccup relieving apparatus. US patent application publ. US 2020/0188619 A1. 18 June 2020. US20200188619A1.
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include pulling the knees up to the chest and leaning forward, sipping ice-cold water and swallowing some granulated sugar.
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Engleman EG, Lankton J, Lankton B (December 1971). "Granulated sugar as treatment for hiccups in conscious patients".
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The phylogenetic hypothesis may explain hiccups as an evolutionary remnant, held over from our amphibious ancestors.
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421:
865:, it is said that hiccups occur when the person experiencing them is being talked about by someone not present.
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53:
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Odeh M, Bassan H, Oliven A (February 1990). "Termination of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage".
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Although no clear pathophysiological mechanism has been described, hiccups is known to have been the initial
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are often used to attempt to shorten the duration. Medical treatment is occasionally necessary in cases of
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American
Charles Osborne (1894–1991) had hiccups for 68 years, from 1922 to 1990, and was entered in the
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approved the vagus nerve stimulator in 1997 as a way to control seizures in some patients with
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2338:(Harvard University Press; 2012). 246 pages; examines the evolutionary context for humans.
8:
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Witoonpanich R, Pirommai B, Tunlayadechanont S (2004). "Hiccups and multiple sclerosis".
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382:, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected,
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2247:"Singer who hiccupped 20 million times in three years cured after brain tumour surgery"
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https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/c1/fa/54/c983a34c045f36/US20200188619A1.pdf
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2519:"Retrospective analysis of hiccups in patients at a community hospital from 1995–2000"
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Moretto, Emilia N; Wee, Bee; Wiffen, Philip J; Murchison, Andrew G (31 January 2013).
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gained media fame for hiccuping around 50 times per minute for more than five weeks.
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as the man with the longest attack of hiccups, an estimated 430 million hiccups.
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and inhibiting diaphragm activity by holding one's breath or rebreathing into a
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has been used with an intractable case of hiccups. "It sends rhythmic bursts of
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2063:"Evaluation of the Forced Inspiratory Suction and Swallow Tool to Stop Hiccups"
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gulp air and water across their gills via a rather simple motor reflex akin to
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426:
2157:"In pictures | Guinness medical record breakers | Longest attack of hiccups"
1551:"Systemic review: the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of hiccups"
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two seconds, 12 hours a day. His hiccups stopped in 2009 following surgery.
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1983:
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1735:"Interventions for treating persistent and intractable hiccups in adults"
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Additionally, this group (C. Straus et al.) points out that hiccups and
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2502:"Wired: The Best Cure for Hiccups: Remind Your Brain You're Not a Fish"
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Journal of the
Medical Association of Thailand (Chotmaihet Thangphaet)
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There are many superstitious and folk remedies for hiccups, including
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hiccuping. The motor pathways that enable hiccuping form early during
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2764:
2759:
2717:
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2006:
Morris, Luc G.; Marti, Jennifer L.; Ziff, David J. (1 January 2005).
1918:
Acupressure's Potent Points: A Guide to Self-Care for Common
Ailments
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2223:"'Hiccup Girl' Jennifer Mee May Use Tourette's Defense, Says Lawyer"
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1371:"Case Report: From Irregular Hiccups to Acute Myocardial Infarction"
31:
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1498:
Guadarrama-Conzuelo, F; Saad
Manzanera, A D (1 September 2019).
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1277:. University of Maryland Hospital for Children. Archived from
756:(Forced Inspiratory Suction and Swallow Tool) and branded as "
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Along with humans, hiccups have been studied and observed in
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Singultus, hiccough, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF)
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Curious
Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, and Beyond
1595:
1500:"Singultus as an Unusual Debut of Plasmodium vivax Malaria"
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that may repeat several times per minute. The hiccup is an
172:
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spend 2.5% of their time hiccuping, possibly gulping like
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development, before the motor pathways that enable normal
285:
Hiccups affect people of all ages, even being observed in
1952:"The Two Mechanisms That Make Hiccup Cures Actually Work"
1732:
603:
181:
166:
2201:"Florida girl hiccuping again after returning to school"
1076:"Hiccups: An Occasional Sign of Esophageal Obstruction"
375:
A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing
1852:
1202:"Hiccups: A new explanation for the mysterious reflex"
1027:"Hiccups: A new explanation for the mysterious reflex"
992:. WebMD. Archived from the original on 29 October 2008
1921:(1st ed.). New York: Bantam Books. p. 272.
1549:
Steger, M.; Schneemann, M.; Fox, M. (November 2015).
193:
169:
2371:
1892:. The People's Pharmacy (Lifehacker). Archived from
184:
175:
2342:Shubin, Neil (February 2008). "Fish Out of Water".
1548:
163:
160:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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902:, a more serious form of hiccups found in equines
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2362:Hiccup related to reflex in fish and amphibians.
1809:
1010:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
696:coincided with terminating intractable hiccups.
622:, illustrating a possible shared physiology and
539:
2044:"Inventor Says His New Straw Will Cure Hiccups"
2005:
1784:"A Horrific Case of Hiccups, a Novel Treatment"
2562:"Skeptoid #914: Stopping Hiccups with Science"
19:"Hiccups" redirects here. For other uses, see
2590:
1161:
1159:
2189:(Sunrise ed.). 5 May 1991. p. 2.B.
406:
1638:
1195:
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780:results from the association with the word
721:A simple treatment involves increasing the
511:
2597:
2583:
1555:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1378:The Permanente Journal – Kaiser Permanente
1302:
1156:
626:heritage. These proposals may explain why
556:
218:
2534:
2280:(in Hungarian). ujszo.com. Archived from
2183:"Survivor of 68-Year Hiccup Spell Dies".
2094:
2023:
1949:
1758:
1710:. Merck Sharp & Dohme. Archived from
1664:
1525:
1515:
1397:
1369:Rueckert, Kamiar Kersten (January 2020).
1225:
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464:Pre-phrenic nucleus irritation of medulla
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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733:. Other potential remedies suggested by
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16:Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm
2556:
2243:
1890:"MacGyver Tip: Cure hiccups with sugar"
1887:
1739:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3078:Symptoms and signs: Respiratory system
3070:
2341:
1701:
1589:
1165:
763:
584:ventilation form. Thus, the hiccup is
2578:
2303:Schersch, Ursula (17 November 2010).
2278:"A régi babonák napjainkban is élnek"
2133:. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from
2041:
2032:
1950:Klosowski, Thorin (30 January 2014).
1444:
1442:
1440:
1199:
1024:
970:
681:, which passes through the neck. The
315:
2258:from the original on 12 January 2022
2233:from the original on 1 January 2011.
1914:
1782:Schaffer, Amanda (10 January 2006).
714:, either through actual function or
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1855:The New England Journal of Medicine
885:Getting the wind knocked out of you
13:
2508:. 25 February 2008. Archived from
2327:
2079:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13933
1824:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00134.x
1464:
1437:
1337:
1092:from the original on 8 August 2024
983:
602:gulping are inhibited by elevated
322:
14:
3094:
2367:
2244:Britten, Nick (11 January 2010).
2131:"Definition of hiccup in English"
1134:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease"
849:tradition, as well as among some
2305:"Schluckauf: Wer denkt an mich?"
2028:– via www.jem-journal.com.
1888:Boswell, Wendy (25 March 2007).
1317:10.1097/00002826-199903000-00004
744:, diaphragm immobilization, and
699:
530:in at least one documented case.
475:
358:Problems playing this file? See
338:
241:for "sob, hiccup"; also spelled
156:
30:
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2215:
2207:. 16 March 2007. Archived from
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1999:
1971:
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1881:
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1702:Porter, Robert S., ed. (2011).
1695:
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1491:
1362:
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1296:
1264:
1242:
1140:. PubMed Health. Archived from
1074:Hoffmann, Herbert (June 1982).
953:"Hiccups – Symptoms and causes"
497:
41:needs additional citations for
2025:10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.11.013
1751:10.1002/14651858.cd008768.pub2
1126:
1104:
1067:
1018:
945:
923:
776:. The alternative spelling of
1:
2042:Ellis, Ralph (22 June 2021).
2012:Journal of Emergency Medicine
1639:Kahrilas, P; Shi, G. (1997).
1452:. MayoClinic.com. 3 June 2011
916:
540:The burping reflex hypothesis
452:vigorously or for a long time
1812:Journal of Internal Medicine
1691:. BBC News. 6 February 2003.
1138:A.D.A.M Medical Encyclopedia
683:Food and Drug Administration
653:
280:
7:
1915:Gach, Michael Reed (1990).
1867:10.1056/nejm197112232852622
1250:"When are hiccups serious?"
868:
772:itself was created through
644:
412:Food stuck in the esophagus
350:The sound of a human hiccup
10:
3099:
1305:Clinical Neuropharmacology
692:In one person, persistent
638:are not yet fully formed.
18:
2901:Precordial catch syndrome
2883:
2819:
2801:Cheyne–Stokes respiration
2783:
2725:
2716:
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407:Pathophysiological causes
401:
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148:
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135:
746:positive airway pressure
512:Other known associations
437:or carbonated beverages
2984:Charcot–Leyden crystals
2496:BBC News: Why we hiccup
1708:The Merck Manual Online
1252:. Ohio State University
557:Phylogenetic hypothesis
422:Gastroesophageal reflux
247:involuntary contraction
21:Hiccup (disambiguation)
2701:Whispered pectoriloquy
2517:Cymet TC (June 2002).
1218:10.1002/bies.201100194
1172:Modern Drugs Discovery
1043:10.1002/bies.201100194
1025:Howes, Daniel (2012).
791:Guinness World Records
694:digital rectal massage
667:vagus nerve stimulator
609:and may be stopped by
372:
327:
857:, for example in the
588:antecedent to modern
568:. Amphibians such as
535:Evolutionary theories
458:myocardial infarction
370:
326:
2979:Curschmann's spirals
2827:Respiratory distress
2666:Pleural friction rub
2560:(12 December 2023).
2137:on 25 September 2016
1957:Lifehacker Australia
1657:10.1136/gut.41.5.712
50:improve this article
2334:Provine, Robert R.
2284:on 20 December 2016
2252:The Daily Telegraph
2229:. 27 October 2010.
1641:"Why do we hiccup?"
1517:10.7759/cureus.5548
1350:on 25 November 2010
1340:"Causes of Hiccups"
1166:Willis, FM (2003).
764:Society and culture
214:Otorhinolaryngology
3020:pulmonary embolism
2992:chronic bronchitis
2832:Respiratory arrest
2811:Ataxic respiration
2806:Kussmaul breathing
2796:Biot's respiration
2791:Agonal respiration
2687:Elicited findings
2631:Respiratory sounds
2610:respiratory system
2606:Signs and symptoms
2446:External resources
2186:Omaha World-Herald
1896:on 2 December 2009
1789:The New York Times
1714:on 14 October 2013
1610:10.1002/bies.10224
1390:10.7812/TPP/20.180
1284:on 10 January 2012
1200:Howes, D. (2012).
487:Multiple sclerosis
373:
328:
316:Signs and symptoms
259:involuntary action
3065:
3064:
2879:
2878:
2491:
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2211:on 18 March 2007.
2067:JAMA Network Open
1567:10.1111/apt.13374
1450:"Hiccups: Causes"
1272:"Hiccups Happen!"
1168:"Chronic hiccups"
1144:on 4 January 2014
628:premature infants
345:
233:(scientific name
227:
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130:Medical condition
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2750:Hyperventilation
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2608:relating to the
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2523:J Natl Med Assoc
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2512:on 22 July 2014.
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1561:(9): 1037–1050.
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1424:
1418:. Archived from
1401:
1375:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1346:. Archived from
1338:Milano, Meadow.
1335:
1329:
1328:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1268:
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1130:
1124:
1123:
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1119:
1108:
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1101:
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1097:
1091:
1083:Gastroenterology
1080:
1071:
1065:
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1022:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1001:
999:
997:
981:
968:
967:
965:
963:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
927:
723:partial pressure
524:Plasmodium vivax
347:
346:
325:
223:
222:
196:
191:
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187:
186:
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58:
34:
26:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3039:pulmonary edema
3031:Westermark sign
2948:Post-nasal drip
2943:Silhouette sign
2875:
2866:Mouth breathing
2815:
2779:
2755:Hypoventilation
2712:
2612:
2603:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2441:
2440:
2384:
2370:
2365:
2354:
2344:Natural History
2330:
2328:Further reading
2325:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
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2259:
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2167:
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2155:
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2150:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2073:(6): e2113933.
2059:
2055:
2040:
2033:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1948:
1944:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1882:
1851:
1847:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1780:
1776:
1745:(1): CD008768.
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1696:
1689:"Why we hiccup"
1687:
1686:
1682:
1637:
1633:
1594:
1590:
1547:
1543:
1496:
1492:
1479:(10): 1168–71.
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1425:on 14 July 2021
1422:
1373:
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1132:
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1127:
1117:
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1110:
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1105:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1023:
1019:
1003:
1002:
995:
993:
984:Wilkes, Garry.
982:
971:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
933:. Home Remedies
929:
928:
924:
919:
871:
766:
728:
702:
656:
647:
614:
607:
559:
542:
537:
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500:
478:
466:
409:
404:
394:, or full body
365:
364:
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353:
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318:
283:
217:
203:
197:-əp, -up
194:
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105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3096:
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3028:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2988:
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2986:
2981:
2969:
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2967:
2955:
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2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Breath holding
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
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2762:
2757:
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2727:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
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2703:
2698:
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2684:
2683:
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2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2558:Dunning, Brian
2554:
2552:WebMD: Hiccups
2549:
2514:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2462:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
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2416:
2401:
2385:
2380:
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2377:
2376:Classification
2369:
2368:External links
2366:
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2295:
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2192:
2175:
2148:
2122:
2110:
2053:
2031:
2018:(1): 117–118.
1998:
1987:. 15 July 2017
1970:
1942:
1927:
1907:
1880:
1845:
1802:
1774:
1725:
1694:
1680:
1651:(5): 712–713.
1631:
1604:(2): 182–188.
1588:
1541:
1490:
1463:
1436:
1361:
1330:
1295:
1263:
1241:
1212:(6): 451–453.
1189:
1155:
1125:
1103:
1066:
1037:(6): 451–453.
1017:
969:
944:
921:
920:
918:
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914:
913:
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897:
892:
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882:
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870:
867:
811:
810:
806:
795:
765:
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726:
716:placebo effect
701:
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677:by way of the
655:
652:
646:
643:
612:
605:
586:evolutionarily
558:
555:
541:
538:
536:
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532:
531:
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510:
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503:Damage to the
499:
496:
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489:
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477:
474:
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470:Kidney failure
465:
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454:
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429:
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416:Swallowing air
413:
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106:September 2022
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3095:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
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3057:Golden S sign
3055:
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3052:Hamman's sign
3050:
3046:
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2965:Hoover's sign
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2913:Nail clubbing
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771:
761:
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755:
749:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
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700:Folk remedies
697:
695:
690:
688:
684:
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639:
637:
633:
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583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
554:
550:
546:
529:
526:
525:
520:
516:
515:
507:after surgery
506:
502:
501:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:CNS disorders
471:
468:
467:
461:
459:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
428:
427:Hiatal hernia
425:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
369:
363:
361:
335:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
278:
276:
272:
271:home remedies
266:
264:
260:
256:
253:jerk) of the
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
221:
215:
212:
210:
206:
199:
198:
189:
154:
153:
151:
149:Pronunciation
147:
143:
139:
134:
128:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3045:Kerley lines
3037:
3026:Hampton hump
3018:
3004:
2990:
2971:
2957:
2952:
2696:Pectoriloquy
2681:Death rattle
2676:Bronchophony
2618:Auscultation
2565:
2529:(6): 480–3.
2526:
2522:
2510:the original
2505:
2475:
2464:
2453:
2429:
2418:
2403:
2388:
2350:(1): 26–31.
2347:
2343:
2335:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:Der Standard
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2251:
2239:
2217:
2209:the original
2195:
2184:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2125:
2113:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1963:16 September
1961:. Retrieved
1955:
1945:
1917:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:the original
1883:
1861:(26): 1489.
1858:
1854:
1848:
1818:(2): 145–6.
1815:
1811:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:the original
1707:
1697:
1683:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1510:(9): e5548.
1507:
1503:
1493:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1427:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1381:
1377:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1343:
1333:
1311:(2): 87–92.
1308:
1304:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1209:
1205:
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1171:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:the original
1137:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1082:
1069:
1034:
1030:
1020:
994:. Retrieved
989:
960:. Retrieved
956:
947:
935:. Retrieved
925:
906:Vocal hiccup
812:
803:Jennifer Mee
789:
777:
769:
767:
757:
753:
750:
739:
720:
710:
706:headstanding
703:
691:
664:
661:
657:
648:
640:
624:evolutionary
597:
560:
551:
547:
543:
522:
498:Nerve damage
455:
431:Rapid eating
374:
357:
334:Hiccup sound
291:
284:
267:
261:involving a
242:
234:
230:
228:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3006:sarcoidosis
2896:In children
2738:Prematurity
2626:Stethoscope
2455:MedlinePlus
2311:(in German)
1991:25 December
1984:NHS Choices
1900:30 November
1429:31 December
962:20 November
957:Mayo Clinic
742:hypercapnia
735:NHS Choices
712:Acupressure
679:vagus nerve
671:electricity
634:, as their
593:respiration
566:respiration
505:vagus nerve
444:Opiate drug
440:Spicy foods
418:excessively
141:Other names
3072:Categories
3012:Kveim test
2998:Reid index
2933:Hemoptysis
2891:Chest pain
2851:Aerophagia
2691:Percussion
2477:Patient UK
2431:DiseasesDB
2288:3 December
2262:13 January
2254:. London.
2141:8 February
1937:1035683945
1928:0553349708
1344:Livestrong
1182:12 October
1118:6 February
937:5 November
917:References
890:Mr. Hiccup
863:Luo people
632:amphibians
492:Meningitis
360:media help
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