209:
440:
421:
194:
550:
including Henry Rice who was given £6 to return to
Cornwall. One English worker, Emmanuel Turner, died at Hilderston after a week or more of illness. Mine administrators had a stock of paper to issue passports for returning miners who were sick and "discharged". Three miners, John Roberts, Thomas Roberts, and Thomas Jackharris, were jailed at Linlithgow in February 1610 for disobedience. Thomas Jackharris was a skilled worker who accompanied Bevis Bulmer during three days of surveying work.
81:
183:
282:
possession to your majesties miscontentment". He also denounced the underhand activities and "great malice" of Bevis Bulmer, who had tried to get neighbouring landholders to dispute
Hamilton's title to the mine and had asked fellow commissioners and courtiers in London, "sum nobilmen at court", to write to the king to ensure that Hamilton was prohibited from continuing.
225:
Scotland. He felt that he had been "credulously induced" to place his own mine in Bulmer's management. Bulmer had been advertising in London the "exorbitant value" of the silver to be extracted. Bulmer did not have sufficient capital of his own to work the mine at
Hilderston for Hamilton and had made his "voluntary renunciation". Hamilton paid the miners' back wages.
229:
that the large industrial operation could hardly have been a secret. Bulmer had been in charge at
Hilderston for four months (April to August 1607), and could have kept Hamilton himself better informed. Hamilton had several times asked him to maximise the king's profit. Hamilton had also hoped that Bulmer would train up local people, also to the king's benefit.
736:
Atkinson says he refined and tried the silver at
Hilderston and at the Tower of London. He noted that similar looking rocks varied in silver content. By the time the Germans arrived, who he called "Brunswickers", in 1609, some ore was disappointing. He hoped to find the rich silver seam in a new mine
265:
felt all the metallurgy was beyond his expertise, and "professed plain ignorance of all experience in these subterraneall works". Later in
January, Thomas Hamilton wrote to the King of the continuing hopes for the "largeness and richness of the vein". Hamilton thought the ore ought to be processed in
683:
reported on these works to King James in June 1614, writing that the mines had yielded silver, although not at profit, and James should choose payment of his tenth from
William Alexander either in "metal" or refined siver. He advised taking the silver already refined in Scotland was the best option.
569:
visited in July and thought the vein was as impressive as anything he had seen in
Germany. He would ship samples to England as ballast at a low cost. Bowyer was at the mine when the Earl of Dunbar visited on 1 August. He found a "clew" or hank of thread "of silver wire as though it had been drawn by
344:
The performance of the play (whether it referenced
Hilderston directly or not) was after King James had begun the process to take the mine into his hands. Hamilton learnt of the King's direction that John Arnot, the depute-treasurer was now in charge by 29 January 1608 and described in his letter to
281:
Hamilton wrote to the King again gracefully accepting his decision on 19 February. He apologised for any show of resistance to John Arnot at the end of
January, which may have offended King James, "I should sooner have offered to have been buried in the bottom of the work, nor to have meaned to any
278:
great debts paid". The King's Council were asking London merchants for loans. On 29 January, in Edinburgh, Thomas Hamilton learnt that he was displaced. John Arnot of Birswick, depute-treasurer, took possession of the mine on behalf of the King. He closed the shafts but continued draining the works.
277:
wrote about the assay of ore in London from the "great mine in Scotland" on 26 January 1608. Reports of the yield had resulted in "much hope and joy". Whyte said more royal commissioners were to set out for Scotland, and if all reports "prove true, his Majesty's empty coffers will be filled, and his
224:
about the mine in 1607 while Bulmer was still working for him. The current arrangement was that the King received a tenth of the profit. Hamilton wrote in detail to King James about Bulmer and mining in Scotland on 12 September 1607. He had not recently sent any reports of Bulmer's other projects in
173:
were destroyed by saboteurs, possibly a hostile act against Thomas Hamilton, as Master of Mines and Metals. In September 1607 a general order from the Privy Council prevented mine workers absconding. A "miner, pick-man, windaisman (winch-handler), fire-man (furnace workers) or any workman" departing
411:
wrote to Thomas Hamilton in May 1608, mentioning that she had told the queen that King James had compensated him for the mine and congratulating him on this windfall payment, and on the birth of a daughter, who he had christened Anna. Jane Drummond wrote; "I acquentit hir Maiesti with your gud luk;
356:
described the gestation of the mine's initially modest reputation over nine months, until the King was moved to send for Hamilton. In fact, James commanded Hamilton to come to London, bringing his charters for the mine, on 11 February, ten weeks after sending his commissioners north in November. On
228:
Hamilton stated that he was continuing the work at Hilderston to the king's benefit (the king received 10% and other benefits), although several miners had left due to an outbreak of plague. Bulmer had accused Hamilton of concealing the true value of his mine from the King, but Hamilton pointed out
549:
In September 1608 a proclamation was issued that none should assist the skilled mine workers to leave Scotland. Three men were paid to pursue an English smith, John Spargus, who left the works without permission in September 1609. Miners who were injured or ill had sick pay at half the daily rate,
716:
Atkinson says that he worked for a while at Hilderston. He heard that the collier Sandy Maund had found a piece of heavy "red-mettle" veined with threads or hairs and a curious brown spar-stone near the Hilderston burn. He showed the rocks to a more knowledgeable friend, Robert Stewart (bailie of
138:
Hamilton obtained a specific "tack" to work mine and minerals in Linlithgowshire on 26 June 1606 (presumably after the silver discovery), and subsequently gained permission to "draw levels, waterways, sinks, conducts, shafts" and build "fire-works (furnaces), water works, dwelling houses" and cut
473:
The Scottish Privy Council cancelled its act to return the keys of the mine buildings to Thomas Hamilton after the commission ran its course. Arnot formally declared that Hamilton had not made him possessor of the works, which required the deletion of another act of council, clearing the way for
458:
Bevis Bulmer and his fellow commissioners delivered 38 barrels of ore to the Scottish Privy Council. A cargo of ore was shipped to London in February 1608 for assay. Robert Cecil presumed the assay of sample ore examined would "little vary" in the expected yield of many thousands of tons of ore.
165:
Bulmer christened the shaft at Hilderston "God's Blessing". The partnership broke up. Bulmer wrote to Hamilton on 10 August 1607 that he was unable to pay the workmen at Hilderston, and Hamilton should take over the mine. He left the site to Hamilton's own management. By this witnessed "bond and
309:, wrote of the increasing interest in the mine and the arrival of ore in London, on 27 February 1608. Boderie linked the profits with King James's continued interest in forming a full political union between England and Scotland with one Parliament. The silver would cement the two kingdoms.
482:, begin on 8 May 1608. On that day Bulmer "received full possession" from Hamilton, his workmen took over the drainage pumps, and on Wednesday his miners began work. Some extracts and quotations from the manuscript account books, which continue to 10 December 1610, were published in
691:
negotiated with the Sandilands family for rights to the workings. Hope was haunted by an image in a dream of the potential riches as a tree of pure silver. In 1870 the mine was re-opened for investigation, no significant silver was found, and discarded nickeline or niccolite and
1219:, 6:2 (April 1911), p. 204; "Un jour ou deux devant, ils avoient dépêché leur Roi, sa mine d'Escosse, & tous ses Favoris d'une étrange sorte; car après lui avoir fait dépiter le Ciel sur le vol d'un oiseau, & fair battre un Gentilhomme pour avoir rompu ses chiens.":
712:
Stephen Atkinson wrote a historical overview of gold and silver mining in Scotland in 1619 as a prospectus for further investment. Some of his material is doubtful or obscure. He claims to have used Bevis Bulmer's papers and accounts. His history was published in 1825.
514:. Bulmer's chamber had two glass windows and was located in a wing of the building called an "outshot". The accounts mention the building of a refining mill for silver at Leith, but this project seems to have been abandoned in favour of the site by Linlithgow Loch.
345:
James of 19 February 1608 the steps Arnot had taken on site. Hamilton's letters also reveal that Bevis Bulmer had widely publicised the new profitable silver mine to London courtiers in order to eject Hamilton. Bulmer had access to court circles, his son-in-law,
732:
who promised to tell King James about it. The silver was like "the hair of a man's head or the grass in the field". It seems unlikely that this could have been the first notion at the royal court that the King's Advocate in Scotland had a working silver mine.
529:. The buildings were thatched with straw fixed with cords. The same straw was used for the mattresses for the English miners or melting house workmen. Dutch or German miners Martin Smedell and Hans Myar started two new shafts. One of the German miners
375:
How the play may have mentioned mining, if the "matter of mines" referred to Scottish business, and the nature of the allusion to the king are unknown. Some scholars suggest that Boderie's mention of a Scottish mine in the banned play, the King's
636:, who had known George Bruce of Carnock for 20 years, to inspect the mines and countryside in October 1608. Richard Martin reported an adverse assay and technical difficulties in October. After doubtful smelting experiments in an
42:
in 1606 and a mining operation that attracted international interest. King James used rumours of a silver bonanza to leverage a loan in the City of London. He took over the mine works, an act sometimes regarded as an example of
668:. The royal letter explained that the rights and duties of the mine had been acquired from the royal advocate Thomas Hamilton because "it was no way competent or proper in the person of a subject to possess" such a property.
510:. The smelting house chimney at Linlithgow was made of wood. A furnace for making assays on site had clay mufflers. Beds and a "langsaddle" bench were sent to furnish the headquarters at Hilderston from George Bruce's house,
256:
produced Hamilton's letter agreeing to satisfy the royal commission in all points. In early January the Privy Council of Scotland planned to assay the ore for themselves using the most "experimented men" in Scotland. The
474:
Bevis Bulmer to take charge of the project, and on 25 April he was appointed as "governor of the works of his majesty's mines under ground", or "first master and prefect supervisor of our mineral works" at Hilderston.
320:, and was promptly closed after offending King James. The text has not survived. On 8 April, the French ambassador, Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie, mentioned it slandered James, his Scottish mine, and his favourites.
581:
came later in August and met up with Bowyer, and was also impressed. The German expert Martin Smeddell came to meet Godolphin, summoned from working at nearby "Killeith" or Kinleith burn, a stream that joins the
770:, T., Meikle, T.K. and Newlands, A., 'The manner of how it grew was like unto the haire of a man’s head: the early 1600's discovery and exploitation of native silver at Hilderstone in Scotland', Suzanne Young,
617:. 98 barrels of ore had been shipped to London. In September, Palmer sent the results of a "private assay" to the Earl of Salisbury. Palmer advised Salisbury to withhold information about the assay and prevent
459:
Zorzi Giustinian wrote of vain hopes of riches and exaggerated rumour. This talk would benefit King James as he was raising a loan. Zorzi Giustinian reported the results of an assay at the Tower in April.
384:. A joke about "mines" and facial expressions had been current at the French court in 1602 after reports of discoveries of gold and silver, made by a wit or buffoon called La Regnardière or Renardière.
462:
Amongst those involved or interested in the assay of the Scottish ore in London, Thomas Russell secured a patent to make brimstone and copperas (in England) with the help of the Scottish courtier
372:. Giustinian knew the mine had been discovered some years before. Giustinian and Boderie (in February) had realised that rumours of new-found wealth would help James raise a loan in the city.
717:
Linlithgow) saying, according to Atkinson, that he had found them in the "Silver burn" by Cairnpapple. He was advised to take them to Bevis Bulmer who was working at the Glengonner mines in
724:
Atkinson himself joined the works at Hilderston (before August 1607, working for Hamilton and Bulmer). He sent a piece of ore from the "God's Blessing" shaft, apparently with threads of
131:, who managed the initial mining works for a while. He had acquired the estates of West Binny and Orchardfield east of Hilderston in 1601 and these lands, including a former property of
47:. The enterprise may have inspired a satirical stage play. On 8 May 1608 work commenced under royal supervision. Miners from Cornwall and Germany were employed in the works.
285:
Bevis Bulmer re-opened the mine. Samples of ore were sent to London for refining and assay. On 18 February, impatient to receive the next shipment of Scottish ore, the
517:
English pick-men miners arrived from Cornwall and were lodged in the loft of the old melting house. Their names were recorded in the mining accounts, preserved at the
162:
to browbeat other Linlithgowshire landowners, like James Ross of Wardlaw, who held Tartraven, just east of Hilderston and had refused to allow the miners on his land.
963:
333:
331:
to the Earl of Salisbury of 11 March mentions that players had offended in the "matter of the mines". Subsequently, on account of this banned play and the
613:
at the end of August, emphasising the "undoubted truth" that the vein of silver was rich and the hopes that it was as rich and dependable as those of the
570:
a goldsmith". A Scottish chronicle mentions ore sent from the silver mine at "Binnie" to the Tower of London by the Earl of Dunbar at this time.
327:", with the jaundiced observation that unprofitable silver mines were at least a public benefit by the creation of employment. A letter from
721:
in Scotland. Bulmer found the stones were rich silver ore. Atkinson's story thus credits his friend and employer Bulmer with the discovery.
478:
was treasurer of the works and Archibald Primrose was clerk. The accounts for running the mine, under the auspices of the Earl of Dunbar as
50:
2146:
1977:
1672:, p. 486: See also a letter dated Royston '4 April 1607' referring to Cornish miners for Bulmer and the Earl of Dunbar in Scotland,
297:), his expectation that in a few months he could say "Scotland has yielded us the richest mine that ever was discovered in Europe".
381:
346:
262:
213:
633:
368:
had heard before Christmas 1607 that James had asked his council to find the legal means to work the mine, at the instance of the
248:), and Bevis Bulmer to survey the site and examine the stockpiled ore in the winter of 1607/8, and take a quantity for assay. The
174:
without written licence was liable to arrest. Secondly, "masterless vagabonds and sturdy beggars" could be taken and put to work.
672:
128:
84:
312:
In London, in March or Lenten term 1608, a play opened apparently on the theme of the Scottish silver bonanza, performed by the
169:
On 17 and 18 August, equipment and mine buildings erected by Bevis Bulmer at the gold mines at Bailgilhead and Lang Cleuch near
2081:
656:
Work at the mine continued. In May 1611 King James assigned some of his income from "our silver mine beside Linlithgow" to the
2111:
361:
on the yield of the mine to date, three days after Lake's letter mentioned theatre censorship and the "matter of the mines".
147:. Hamilton sent "little parcels" of native silver and ore and topographic details to King James in London, and the King asked
657:
562:
148:
2076:
208:
2005:
2151:
2091:
1994:
Geological Survey Scotland: Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, Lead and Zinc Ores of Scotland
578:
467:
306:
1215:, vol. 3 (Paris, 1750), p. 196: J. J. Jusserand, 'Ambassador La Boderie and the Compositeur of the Byron Plays',
625:
618:
408:
369:
201:
124:
661:
487:
1817:
Cesare Pastorino, 'The Mine and the Furnace: Francis Bacon, Thomas Russell, and Early Stuart Mining Culture',
439:
2156:
1290:
1172:
767:
518:
2024:
1416:
2166:
258:
420:
2136:
1754:
1477:
1349:
Robert William Cochran-Patrick, Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1878), p. 117.
566:
132:
2131:
2126:
2071:
249:
159:
154:
Hamilton was appointed Master of Mines and Metals in Scotland on 25 March 1607, and put in charge of
139:
peats and timber, to extract his Majesty's metals. Hamilton employed the English mining entrepreneur
1293:
358:
1737:
1638:
1443:
784:
665:
475:
443:
155:
1186:
Philip J. Finkelpearl, 'The Comedians' Liberty: Censorship of the Jacobean Stage Reconsidered',
412:
for the king no shuner gaive you mony for your mynd, bot God send you a chyld to bestow it on".
2141:
1378:
Suzanne Gossett, 'Collaborative Playwrights', Anthony W. Johnson, Roger D. Sell, Helen Wilcox,
728:, to his uncle in London. Atkinson claims that his uncle showed it to the Earl of Salisbury at
688:
313:
189:
thought Hilderston was a good bet and pushed aside his lawyer, hoping to fill his empty coffers
2096:
605:
by Thomas Russell and Andrew Palmer in August and September. The English ambassador in Venice
446:, an entrepreneur noted for his innovations in coal mining and shipping, who lived across the
2066:
479:
338:
574:
526:
16:
This article is about the disused Scottish silver mine. For the Staffordshire village, see
621:
at the Tower Mint releasing Scottish ore to refiners before further tests were completed.
8:
2101:
595:
463:
317:
119:
Silver was discovered on lands at Hilderston in June 1606. The find was attributed to a
1973:
559:
530:
135:, were made into a free Barony of Binny. The mine site was sometimes called "Binnie".
2161:
503:
400:
1408:
729:
632:
miners was Henry Starky or Starchy. The French ambassador, Boderie, sent an agent,
534:
365:
353:
286:
237:
197:
96:
1258:
Performing Childhood in the Early Modern Theatre: The Children's Playing Companies
395:
were keenly interested in the industrial developments of mining and glass-making;
676:
610:
602:
404:
396:
388:
193:
44:
1432:
Mastering the Revels: The Regulation and Censorship of English Renaissance Drama
825:
2112:
Bathgate Hills: Hilderston Silver Mines also known as King Jamie's Silver Mines
2086:
648:, in December, it was apparent that the Hilderston ore was of varying quality.
583:
511:
451:
253:
221:
186:
88:
1962:
Original Letters Relating to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of Scotland: 1603–1614
970:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1824), p. 22, Balfour seems to have had access to a copy.
2120:
2051:
The discoverie and historie of the gold mynes in Scotland by Stephen Atkinson
2039:
The discoverie and historie of the gold mynes in Scotland by Stephen Atkinson
2026:
The discoverie and historie of the gold mynes in Scotland by Stephen Atkinson
2007:
The discoverie and historie of the gold mynes in Scotland by Stephen Atkinson
1806:
The discoverie and historie of the gold mynes in Scotland by Stephen Atkinson
1358:
1233:
Shakespeare Beyond the Green World: Drama and Ecopolitics in Jacobean Britain
680:
614:
274:
241:
144:
65:
52:
39:
252:
had reservations about this apparent appropriation of private property, but
2106:
1304:
1220:
1108:
875:
725:
628:, a brother-in-law of Anne of Denmmark. The team leader or overseer of the
606:
349:, was a gentleman of the king's privy chamber (though still in education).
140:
104:
80:
31:
1556:
The Interlopers: Early Stuart Projects and the Undisciplining of Knowledge
1340:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), p. 41 citing NLS Adv. MS 33.1.1 (ii), no. liv.
380:, was likely an insulting reference to his Scottish face or "mien", or to
645:
591:
447:
328:
290:
170:
17:
143:
partnered with his brother-in-law, the Scottish goldsmith and financier
921:
641:
637:
507:
499:
498:
In May 1608 work commenced building the refining and stamping mills at
433:
425:
294:
245:
233:
120:
525:
to Bo'ness. Some timber was cut at nearby Carriber, the estate of the
521:. Timber and other materials for the mine buildings were shipped from
1397:
Shakespeare and Lost Plays: Reimagining Drama in Early Modern England
718:
624:
On 7 October 1608 eight German miners were sent to Scotland from the
392:
232:
On 25 November, King James gave a commission to an official from the
108:
103:
Hills. Contemporary descriptions of the silver ore seem to refer to
2072:
British Geological Survey: Earthwise, Bathgate Hills - an excursion
1061:, vol. 20 (London, 1968), pp. 4–5: Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
696:
from the older workings was shipped to Germany to be processed for
429:
100:
35:
1558:(Baltimore, 2023), pp. 93–96: Chancery record TNA C78/304, no. 10.
323:
Boderie had already reported in detail the assay of ore from the "
1639:'The Smelting of Silver Ore from Hilderston Mine at Linlithgow',
785:'The Smelting of Silver Ore from Hilderston Mine at Linlithgow',
609:
read the Earl of Salisbury's report of the mine and assay to the
538:
493:
387:
The Blackfriars theatre company was associated with household of
1384:
Court and Country Politics in the Plays of Beaumont and Fletcher
854:(Edinburgh, 1890), pp. 436 no. 1251, 541 no. 1481, 681 no. 1873.
850:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1889), pp. 161–162: John Maitland Thomson,
182:
701:
697:
693:
629:
587:
1294:
Adv.MS.33.1.1 (ii), Denmilne, 2: Letters and papers, 1603-1608
671:
In 1613 Thomas Foulis obtained the contract for the mine with
1380:
Community-Making in Early Stuart Theatres: Stage and Audience
522:
1808:(Edinburgh, 1825), pp. 93, 95, quoting the NRS mine account.
1668:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 141, 143–144, 146–150, 152–153, 156:
1275:
Children of the Queen's Revels: A Jacobean Theatre Repertory
1151:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), p. 42 quotation modernised here.
2067:
HES scheduled monument, Windywa's Silvermine near Tartraven
1850:, vol. 11 (London, 1904), pp. 116 no. 216, 169–170 no. 323.
707:
1092:
The Economy of Scotland in Its European Setting, 1550-1625
893:
The Economy of Scotland in Its European Setting, 1550–1625
926:, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2021), 1607/3/40
907:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), pp. 103–104: TNA SP 14/27 f.22.
882:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1885), pp. 358–359, modernised here.
1311:, vol. 1 (London, 1848), p. 274: Norman Egbert McClure,
470:. Murray subsequently invested in the copperas project.
1365:, vol. 11 (London, 1904), pp. 76 no. 135, 100 no. 181:
1020:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 35–38: William Fraser,
687:
The mine seems to have closed soon after. In the 1640s
87:
was the proprietor of the Hilderston silver mine until
2092:
Hilderstone Mine (Silver, Lead, Zinc), Niall Stevenson
1952:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 123, 141–152, 159–161, 163–166.
565:
volunteered to assay the Hilderston ore in June 1608.
506:, north of Hilderston and on the route to the port at
266:
Scotland, rather than shipped elsewhere for refining.
1742:
Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1603–1610
151:
to conduct chemical assays of the ore in April 1607.
1448:
The Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century
1067:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1607–1610
1047:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1607–1610
996:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1885), p. 434, modernised here.
994:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1604–1607
981:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1604–1607
939:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1604–1607
880:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1604–1607
799:
C. M. Rice, 'Metalliferous Minerals', Nigel Trewin,
679:
and Paulo Pinto from Portugal. The treasurer-depute
111:, found in "native silver bearing carbonate veins".
1582:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1887), pp. 36, 64, 71–72, 84:
1247:, vol. 3 (Paris, 1750), pp. 103, 128, 141–142, 162.
1901:Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre
1494:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1887), pp. 34, 36, 40–41, 44.
1367:Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre
1245:Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre
1213:Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre
1174:Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre
924:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
577:, to speak to the Earl of Dunbar about the mines.
382:James' demeanour and homosocial personal relations
1503:Michael Brennan, Noel Kinnamon, Margaret Hannay,
1382:(Routledge, 2017), p. 99: Philip J. Finklepearl,
1103:Michael Brennan, Noel Kinnamon, Margaret Hannay,
573:William Bowyer rode to "Grinston", Cranston near
2118:
1980:Third Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
1260:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 74: Andrew Gurr,
220:Thomas Hamilton had fielded some inquiries from
2102:'King Jamie's Silver Mines', Helen-Jane Shearer
1264:(Cambridge, 1987), p. 265: TNA SP 14/31 f.167r.
1201:British Drama 1533–1642: A Catalogue, 1603–1608
177:
1782:Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603–1624
494:Accommodation and buildings for processing ore
341:gave up managing the company and the theatre.
2097:Limestone at the Silver Mines: Scottish Shale
1823:Early Records Relating the Mining in Scotland
1505:Letters of Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sidney
1105:Letters of Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sidney
407:became involved in the manufacture of glass.
293:, (a courtier who had managed a coal mine at
2082:Hilderston silver mine, West Lothian Council
1950:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1925:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1913:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1860:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1794:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1769:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1744:, (London, 1857), no. 36, TNA SP 14/35 f.58.
1734:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1722:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1698:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1686:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1666:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1626:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1613:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1597:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1584:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1063:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1199:Martin Wiggins & Catharine Richardson,
660:in recompense for money owed to his father
114:
107:, mercury amalgams, arsenical content, and
1545:, vol. 11 (London, 1904), pp. 116 no. 216.
590:. Efforts were also made to open mines at
424:The refinery was sited at the west end of
357:14 March Hamilton made a statement to the
204:(pictured) was managing the royal takeover
91:decided to install his own management team
1889:Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603–1610
1670:Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603–1610
1532:, vol. 11 (London, 1904), p. 100 no. 182.
1463:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1889), pp. 99, 188:
553:
544:
127:. The landowner was the King's Advocate,
123:called Sandy Maund by another prospector
1938:Register of the Privy Council, 1603–1613
1580:Register of the Privy Council, 1607–1610
1568:Register of the Privy Council, 1607–1610
1492:Register of the Privy Council, 1607–1610
1328:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1845), pp. 688–689.
983:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1885), pp. 446–447.
941:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1885), pp. 358–359.
708:Stephen Atkinson's account of Hilderston
438:
419:
207:
192:
181:
79:
1996:, vol. 17 (London, 1920), pp. 3, 61–62.
1848:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1607–1610
1570:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1887), pp. 36, 64.
1543:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1607–1610
1530:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1607–1610
1363:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1607–1610
1289:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 35–43:
1221:Folger Lost Plays Database: Silver Mine
774:, BAR, 792 (Oxford, 1999), pp. 280–289.
269:
156:crown revenue from gold and other mines
2119:
1874:, vol. 20 (London, 1968), pp. 239–240.
1415:, vol. 3 (London, 1763), pp. 276–277:
1315:, vol. 1 (Philadelphia, 1939), p. 476.
1139:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 40–43.
1127:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 39–41.
1081:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 39–41.
1049:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1887), pp. 22–23.
1036:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), pp. 35–38.
1008:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), pp. 235–236.
755:Minerals of Scotland: Past and Present
300:
1821:, 14:5 (2009), pp. 654–655, 658–660:
950:M. S. Giuseppi & D. McN. Lockie,
852:Register of the Great Seal, 1593–1608
634:Robert le Maçon, Sieur de la Fontaine
415:
38:, was the site of the discovery of a
2021:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
1756:A chronicle of the kings of Scotland
1637:Richard Smith & T. Kemp Meikle,
1479:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
1465:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
1461:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
1163:, vol. 20 (London, 1968), pp. 74–75.
1022:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
918:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
864:A Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland
848:Memorials of the Earls of Haddington
783:Richard Smith & T. Kemp Meikle,
428:loch, on the silver road north from
2087:Hilderston silver mine, HES Canmore
2023:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 96:
1940:, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 703.
1903:, vol. 4 (Paris, 1750), pp. 18, 51.
1467:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 119.
920:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 95:
166:deposition" Bulmer quit the works.
13:
2147:Silver mines in the United Kingdom
1992:G. V. Wilson & John S. Flett,
1481:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 119
1309:Court and times of James the First
1307:& Robert Folkestone Williams,
1190:, 16:1 (Winter 1986), pp. 129–130.
1176:, vol. 3 (Paris, 1750), pp. 128–29
1069:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1887), p. 34.
1024:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1889), p. 96.
601:Hilderston ore was assayed at the
14:
2178:
2060:
1262:Playgoing in Shakespeare's London
1094:(Oliver & Boyd, 1960), p. 56.
954:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), p. 213.
928:Date accessed: 18 September 2021.
815:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), p. 235.
305:The French ambassador in London,
2107:Lost Plays Database: Silver Mine
2077:Hilderston, West Lothian Council
1688:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 132, 151.
1624:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1595:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1386:(Princeton, 1990), p. 65 fn. 18.
1203:, vol. 5 (Oxford, 2015), p. 491.
1115:, vol. 3 (London, 1791), p. 343.
1113:Illustrations of British History
454:, was manager of the royal works
352:The near-contemporary historian
2044:
2032:
2013:
1999:
1986:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1930:
1918:
1915:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 135–136.
1906:
1894:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1840:
1828:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1774:
1762:
1747:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1700:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 148, 151.
1691:
1679:
1659:
1647:
1631:
1618:
1602:
1589:
1573:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1510:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1453:
1437:
1424:
1402:
1399:(Cambridge, 2021), pp. 140–141.
1389:
1372:
1369:, vol. 3 (Paris, 1750), p. 103.
1352:
1343:
1331:
1318:
1298:
1280:
1267:
1250:
1238:
1225:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1097:
1084:
1072:
1052:
1039:
1027:
1011:
999:
986:
973:
957:
944:
931:
910:
898:
885:
826:"SASAA King Jamie's silvermine"
149:Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury
1927:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 136–137.
1712:(Edinburgh, 1825), pp. 93- 94.
1611:(Edinburgh, 1825), pp. 91-96:
1586:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 139–40.
1277:(Cambridge, 2005), pp. 21, 30.
1107:(Philadelphia, 2013), p. 573:
869:
857:
840:
818:
806:
793:
777:
760:
747:
662:William Murray of Tullibardine
651:
488:Robert William Cochran-Patrick
314:Children of the Queen's Revels
1:
1507:(Philadelphia, 2013), p. 573.
895:(Edinburgh, 1960), pp. 55–56.
740:
399:tried to open a coal mine at
307:Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie
244:lawyer said to have arrested
2028:(Edinburgh, 1825), pp. 47–48
1982:(Edinburgh, 1919), pp. 155-6
1837:, 20 (London, 1968), 239–40.
1825:, pp. 129–131: TNA SP 14/35.
1420:(London: Bohn, 1857), p. 307
1418:Memoirs Of The Duke Of Sully
1291:National Library of Scotland
1188:English Literary Renaissance
766:Photos-Jones, E., Hall, A.,
519:National Records of Scotland
391:. Her ladies in waiting and
178:King James takes an interest
7:
1978:'Diary of Sir James Hope',
1784:(Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 106.
1736:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 128:
1519:, 20 (London, 1608), 74–75.
1313:Letters of John Chamberlain
1090:Samuel George Edgar Lythe,
1065:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 118:
466:, a member of the house of
10:
2183:
1964:(Edinburgh, 1851), p. 332.
1862:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 150.
1819:Early Science and Medicine
1796:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 151.
1771:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 131.
1724:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 127.
1628:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 142.
1599:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 142.
1434:(MacMillan, 1991), p. 193.
866:(Edinburgh, 1830), p. 174.
757:(Edinburgh, 2002), p. 127.
216:was baffled by the science
133:Robert Hamilton of Briggis
15:
2053:(Edinburgh, 1825), p. 50.
2041:(Edinburgh, 1825), p. 49.
1758:(Edinburgh, 1830), p. 174
1656:(Edinburgh, 1825), p. 95.
558:The London goldsmith and
502:Loch, close to the royal
250:Privy Council of Scotland
158:. He was able to use the
2152:Former mines in Scotland
1872:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
1643:, (NMRS, 1998), pp. 5–19
1161:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
1059:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
1006:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
922:NRS, PA2/17, f.18v-21r,
813:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
789:, (NMRS, 1998), pp. 5–19
364:The Venetian ambassador
359:Privy Council of England
115:The God's Blessing shaft
1887:(London, 1836), p. 89:
1885:Issues of the Exchequer
1738:Mary Anne Everett Green
803:(London, 2002), p. 446.
801:The Geology of Scotland
666:Comptroller of Scotland
596:Water of "Even" or Avon
533:came from the mines at
476:George Bruce of Carnock
444:George Bruce of Carnock
1835:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1710:Gold Mynes in Scotland
1654:Gold Mynes of Scotland
1609:Gold Mynes in Scotland
1450:(London, 1919), p. 25.
1235:(Oxford, 2023), p. 54.
1217:Modern Language Review
952:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
905:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
737:nearby in the future.
689:James Hope of Hopetoun
554:Inspections and assays
545:Discipline and welfare
484:Gold Mynes in Scotland
455:
436:
289:wrote to the courtier
259:Chancellor of Scotland
254:John Arnot of Birswick
217:
205:
190:
92:
480:Treasurer of Scotland
442:
423:
211:
196:
185:
83:
1231:Todd Andrew Borlik,
658:Earl of Tullibardine
270:Under new management
2157:Geology of Scotland
1326:History of the Kirk
968:Annales of Scotland
772:Metals in Antiquity
531:Emanuel Hochstetter
318:Blackfriars Theatre
301:On the London stage
263:Earl of Dunfermline
214:Earl of Dunfermline
129:Sir Thomas Hamilton
95:Hilderston is near
85:Sir Thomas Hamilton
62: /
2167:Monarchy and money
1974:James Balfour Paul
1641:British Mining, 61
1615:(Edinburgh, 1878).
787:British Mining, 61
753:Alec Livingstone,
567:Sir William Bowyer
560:Master of the Mint
456:
437:
416:Extraction in 1608
409:Lady Jane Drummond
218:
206:
191:
93:
66:55.9259°N 3.6166°W
2137:Mines in Scotland
2009:, Edinburgh, 1825
1883:Frederick Devon,
673:William Alexander
579:William Godolphin
504:Linlithgow Palace
287:Earl of Salisbury
2174:
2132:1608 in Scotland
2127:1607 in Scotland
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2019:William Fraser,
2017:
2011:
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1413:Memoirs of Sully
1409:Charlotte Lennox
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730:Whitehall Palace
366:Zorzi Giustinian
354:David Calderwood
238:Edmund Doubleday
198:Zorzi Giustinian
125:Stephen Atkinson
97:Cairnpapple Hill
77:
76:
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71:55.9259; -3.6166
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389:Anne of Denmark
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585:
580:
576:
571:
568:
564:
561:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
471:
469:
465:
460:
453:
449:
445:
441:
435:
431:
427:
422:
413:
410:
406:
403:in 1609, and
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
373:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
350:
348:
342:
340:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:mine d'Ecosse
321:
319:
315:
310:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
279:
276:
275:Rowland Whyte
267:
264:
260:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Middle Temple
239:
235:
230:
226:
223:
215:
210:
203:
199:
195:
188:
184:
175:
172:
167:
163:
161:
160:Privy Council
157:
152:
150:
146:
145:Thomas Foulis
142:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
110:
106:
105:native silver
102:
98:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
46:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1979:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1676:, 19, p. 85.
1674:HMC Hatfield
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1305:Thomas Birch
1300:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1273:Lucy Munro,
1269:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1109:Edmund Lodge
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
923:
917:
912:
904:
900:
892:
887:
879:
876:David Masson
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
842:
830:. Retrieved
820:
812:
808:
800:
795:
786:
779:
771:
762:
754:
749:
735:
723:
715:
711:
686:
670:
655:
623:
607:Henry Wotton
600:
572:
557:
548:
516:
497:
483:
472:
468:Prince Henry
464:David Murray
461:
457:
386:
377:
374:
363:
351:
343:
332:
324:
322:
311:
304:
284:
280:
273:
231:
227:
219:
200:thought the
168:
164:
153:
141:Bevis Bulmer
137:
118:
94:
32:West Lothian
27:
23:
22:
1444:Alice Clark
1256:Edel Lamb,
832:1 September
652:Final years
594:and at the
592:Calder Moor
339:Henry Evans
329:Thomas Lake
291:Roger Aston
171:Wanlockhead
69: /
28:Hilderstone
18:Hilderstone
2121:Categories
741:References
642:Maresfield
638:ironmaster
527:Gib family
500:Linlithgow
426:Linlithgow
393:chamberers
295:Linlithgow
246:Guy Fawkes
234:Royal Mint
222:King James
187:King James
54:55°55′33″N
24:Hilderston
1891:, p. 486.
719:Leadhills
490:in 1878.
109:nickeline
57:3°37′00″W
2162:Bathgate
677:Menstrie
575:Pathhead
430:Bathgate
240:(a tall
101:Bathgate
36:Scotland
768:Pollard
539:Cumbria
535:Keswick
508:Bo'ness
452:Culross
434:Bo'ness
401:Corston
337:plays,
316:at the
121:collier
99:in the
702:barium
698:nickel
694:baryta
646:Sussex
630:Saxony
615:Indies
588:Currie
261:, the
523:Leith
448:Forth
334:Byron
834:2011
700:and
611:Doge
212:The
675:of
644:in
586:at
537:in
450:at
432:to
30:in
26:or
2123::
1976:,
1740:,
1446:,
1411:,
1361:,
1111:,
966:,
878:,
704:.
598:.
541:.
236:,
34:,
836:.
20:.
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