Hinduism in Indonesia

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possible to scare away the devils. On the following day, Hindus do not leave their homes, cook or engage in any activity. Streets are deserted, and tourists are not allowed to leave hotel complexes. The day following Nyepi night, everything stops for a day except emergency services such as ambulances. Nyepi is determined using the Balinese calendar, the eve of Nyepi falling on the night of the new moon whenever it occurs around March/April each year. Therefore, the date for Nyepi changes every year. Nyepi night is a night of community gathering and burning of effigies island-wide (similar to Karthikai in South India), while the next day is the day of total peace and quiet.

7575:, US State Department (2011), Quote: "The Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates that 10 million Hindus live in the country and account for approximately 90 percent of the population in Bali. Hindu minorities also reside in Central and East Kalimantan, the city of Medan (North Sumatra), South and Central Sulawesi, and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). Hindu groups such as Hare Krishna and followers of the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba are present in small numbers. Some indigenous religious groups, including the "Naurus" on Seram Island in Maluku Province, incorporate Hindu and animist beliefs, and many have also adopted some Protestant teachings." 3960: 52: 1394:(farmers, artisans, commoners). There is no historical or contemporary cultural record of untouchables in Balinese Hindu society. The wangsa - termed castes by some accounts, classes by other accounts - were functional, not hierarchical nor segregated in Hindu society of Bali or Java. Further, there was social mobility - people could change their occupation and caste if they wished to. Among the interior highlands of Bali, the desa (villages) have had no wangsa, the social status and profession of a person has been mutable, and marriages not endogamous. Historical inscriptions suggest 4020: 3509: 2317: 1346:), in which performers fall into a trance, the good attempts to conquer evil, the dancers express the idea that good and evil exists within each individual, and that conquering evil implies ejecting evil from oneself. Balinese paintings are notable for their highly vigorous yet refined, intricate art that resembles baroque folk art with tropical themes. The dance-drama regularly ends undecided, neither side winning, because the primary purpose is to restore balance and recognize that the battle between dharma and adharma (good and evil) is within each person and a never ending one. 2309: 3927: 1307:, that are not found in India, include those related to death of a loved one followed by cremations, cockfights, tooth filings, Nyepi and Galungan. Each temple anniversary, as well as festivals and family events such as wedding include flowers, offerings, towering bamboos with decoration at the end and a procession. These are celebrated by the community with prayers and feast. Most festivals have a temple as venue, and they are often occasions for prayers, celebration of arts and community. Some traditions, in contrast, involve animist rituals such as 473: 3982: 1037:. Traditionally, Hinduism in Indonesia had a pantheon of deities and that tradition of belief continues in practice; further, Hinduism in Indonesia granted freedom and flexibility to Hindus as to when, how and where to pray. However, officially, Indonesian government considers and advertises Indonesian Hinduism as a monotheistic religion with certain officially recognized beliefs that comply with its national ideology. Indonesian school text books describe Hinduism as having one supreme being, Hindus offering 1456: 1229:, but traditionally the religion was called by many names such as Tirta, Trimurti, Hindu, Agama Tirta, Siwa, Buda, and Siwa-Buda. The terms Tirta and Trimurti emanate from Indian Hinduism, corresponding to Tirtha (pilgrimage to spirituality near holy waters) and Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva) respectively. As in India, Hinduism in Bali grew with flexibility, featuring a diverse way of life. It includes many of the Indian spiritual ideas, cherishes legends and myths of Indian 4243: 3646: 1413: 10223: 8942: 4709: 8954: 10233: 3838: 1252: 1559: 43: 578: 85: 8930: 4698: 993: 4033: 1295:(village) are common. The island of Bali has over 20,000 temples, or about one temple for every 100 to 200 people. Temples are dedicated to local spirits as well as to deities found in India; for example, Saraswati, Ganesha, Wisnu, Siwa, Parvati, Arjuna, and others. The temple design similarly amalgamate architectural principles in Hindu temples of India and regional ideas. 877:

government of Indonesia supported the Hindus. In the 1960s, Hinduism was an umbrella also used by Indonesians whose faith was Buddhism and Confucianism, but when neither of these two were officially recognized. Furthermore, Hindu political activists of Indonesia worked to protect people of those faiths under rights they had gained at the Indonesian Ministry of Religion.

963:, with their own unique syncretic faith, have declared themselves as Hindus in order to comply with Indonesian law, while preserving their distinct traditions with differences from mainstream Indonesian Hinduism dominated by the Balinese. These factors and political activity has led to a certain resurgence of Hinduism outside of its Balinese stronghold. 1789: 1041:, and Hinduism as having certain common beliefs that in part parallel those of Islam. Scholars contest whether these Indonesian government recognized and assigned beliefs reflect the traditional beliefs and practices of Hindus in Indonesia before Indonesia gained independence from Dutch colonial rule. 822:). In particular, the political self-determination movement in Bali in mid 1950s led to a non-violent passive resistance movement and the joint petition of 1958 which demanded Indonesian government recognize Hindu Dharma. This joint petition quoted the following Sanskrit mantra from Hindu scriptures, 1278:

plan, as an open air worship place within enclosed walls, connected with series of intricately decorated gates to reach its compounds. Each of these temples has a more or less fixed membership; every Balinese belongs to a temple by virtue of descent, residence, or affiliation. Some house temples are

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as early as the first century. In tales like the "Kidung Harṣa Wijaya" one reads that "rata bhaṭṭāra Narasingha" supposedly was a scion in the lineage of Hari, and that Hari is another word for "Vishnu". Early translators of Kavi manuscripts misunderstood the "being a son of" and assumed that Vishnu

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occurs every 210 days and lasts for 10 days. It celebrates the coming of the gods and the ancestral spirits to earth to dwell again in the homes of their descendants. The festivities are characterized by offerings, dances and new clothes. The ancestors must be suitably entertained and welcomed, and

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Balinese Hinduism is an amalgamation of Indian religions and indigenous animist customs that existed in Indonesian archipelago before the arrival of Islam and later Dutch colonialism. It integrates many of the core beliefs of Hinduism with arts and rituals of Balinese people. In contemporary times,

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declared Bali and other islands with Hindus as needing a systematic campaign of proselytization to accept Islam. The local government of Bali, shocked by this official national policy, declared itself an autonomous religious area in 1953. The Balinese government also reached out to India and former

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The two major theories for the arrival of Hinduism in Indonesia include that South Indian sea traders brought Hinduism with them, and second being that Indonesian royalty welcomed Indian religions and culture, and it is they who first adopted these spiritual ideas followed by the masses. Indonesian

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Each individual has a family deity, called Kula dewa, who resides in the temple called the family temple that the individual and his family patronize. Balinese Hindu follow a 210-day calendar (based on rice crop and lunar cycles), and each temple celebrates its anniversary once every 210 days (the

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population which lead to a mass declaration of 'Hinduism' on this island in 1980. However, this was different from the Javanese case, in that conversions followed a clear ethnic division. Indigenous Dayak were confronted with a mostly population of government-sponsored (and predominantly Madurese)

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The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia. The largest Hindu organization in

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is dedicated to the goddess of learning, science, and literature. She rules the intellectual and creative realm, and is the patron goddess of libraries and schools. Balinese Hindus believe that knowledge is an essential medium to achieve the goal of life as a human being, and so honor her. She is

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Dance, music, colorful ceremonial dresses and other arts are a notable feature of religious expression among Balinese Hindus. As in India, these expressions celebrate various mudra to express ideas, grace, decorum and culture. Dance-drama is common. Various stories are expressed. For example, one

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was not a legal possibility for Indonesians until 1962, when it became the fifth state-recognized religion. This recognition was initially sought by Balinese religious organizations and granted for the sake of Bali, where the majority were Hindu. Between 1966 and 1980, along with Balinese Hindus,

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These Sultanates declared Islam as their state religion and fought against each other as well as the Hindus and other non-Muslims. In some regions, Indonesian people continued their old beliefs and adopted a syncretic version of Islam. In other cases, Hindus and Buddhists left and concentrated as

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calendar. Ceremonies and prayers are held at the temples in family compounds, educational institutions and temples, villages, and businesses from morning to noon. Teachers and students replace their uniforms for the day with bright and colorful ceremonial clothing, filling the island with color.

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issued a presidential regulation elevating the status of Hindu Dharma State Institute in Denpasar, Bali into the country's first Hindu state university, named I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa State Hindu University. This institution of Hindu higher study started out as a state academy for teachers of Hindu

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is a Hindu Day of Silence or the Hindu New Year in the Balinese Saka calendar. The largest celebrations are held in Bali as well as in Balinese Hindu communities around Indonesia. On New Year's Eve the villages are cleaned, food is cooked for two days and in the evening as much noise is made as

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as the undivided one. In the Balinese language this term has two meanings: the Divine ruler of the Universe and the Divine Absolute Cosmic Law. This creative phrase met the monotheistic requirement of the Indonesian Ministry of Religion in the former sense, while the latter sense of its meaning

3623:, Java's highest mountain. When the temple was completed in July 1992, with the generous aid of wealthy donors from Bali, only a few local families formally confessed to Hinduism. A pilot study in December 1999 revealed that the local Hindu community now has grown to more than 5000 households. 2304:

According to the 2010 Census, there were a total of 4,012,116 Hindus in Indonesia, compared to 3,527,758 Hindus in 2000 Census. While the absolute number of Hindus increased, the relative percentage of Hindus in Indonesia decreased from 2000 to 2010 because of lower birth rates among the Hindu

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While Hindus in Bali, with their large majority, developed and freely practiced their religion, in other islands of Indonesia they suffered discrimination and persecution by local officials as these Hindus were considered as those who had left Islam, the majority religion. However, the central

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After Indonesia gained its independence from Dutch colonial rule, it officially recognized only monotheistic religions under pressure from political Islam. Further, Indonesia required an individual to have a religion to gain full Indonesian citizenship rights, and officially Indonesia did not

3850:. As a result, tourism and hospitality services are flourishing as one of the most important sources of income and generation of Balinese economy. The high tourist activity in Bali is in contrast with other provinces in Indonesia where the Hindu population is not significant or is absent. 1357:

Rituals of the life cycle are also important occasions for religious expression and artistic display. Ceremonies at puberty, marriage, and, most notably, cremation at death provide opportunities for Balinese to communicate their ideas about community, status, and the afterlife.

440:; they developed a belief that certain individuals’ spiritual energy may inhabit (or be reincarnated in) various natural objects, beings and places, such as animals, insects, trees, plants, stones, forests, mountains, or any place deemed sacred. This unseen spiritual entity and 763:

and neighboring small islands. While this era of religious conflict and inter-Sultanate warfare was unfolding, and new power centers were attempting to consolidate regions under their control, European colonialism arrived. The Indonesian archipelago was soon dominated by the

1487:. This era is popularly known as the Javanese Classical Era, during which Hindu-Buddhist literature, art and architecture flourished and were incorporated into local culture under royal patronage. During this time, many Hindu temples were built, including 9th century 859:

Indonesian politics and religious affairs went through turmoil from 1959 to 1962, with Sukarno dissolving the Konstituante and weakening the impact of communist movement in Indonesia along with political Islam. Nevertheless, officially identifying their religion as

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Folk religions and animists with a deep concern for the preservation of their traditional ancestor religions declared their religion to be Hinduism, considering it a more flexible option than Islam or Christianity, in the outer islands. In the early seventies, the

490:. Therefore, early Hinduism on Java, Bali, and Sumatra consisted of both main schools of Hinduism. Thus, historical evidence is not entirely unclear about the diffusion process of cultural and spiritual ideas from India. Java legends refer to Saka-era, traced to 3767:). It is a Hindu temple that has miniatures of 50 sacred sites around the world. It is also an active kundalini yoga meditation center teaching the sacred Javanese tradition of sun and water meditation. There are many westerners as well as Javanese joining in. 768:. The Dutch colonial empire helped prevent inter-religious conflict, and it slowly began the process of excavating, understanding and preserving Indonesia's ancient Hindu-Buddhist cultural foundations, particularly in Java and western islands of Indonesia. 1863:

According to the 2018 civil registration, there were a total of 4,646,357 Hindus in Indonesia, compared to the 4,012,116 Hindus in 2010 census. The percentages of Hinduism in Indonesia increased from 1.69% in 2010 to 1.74% in 2018 in 8 years respectively.

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A majority of the population on the small island of Tanimbar Kei practices a variant of the Hindu religion, which involves a form of ancestral worship. The island of Tanimbar Kei is not part of Tanimbar, as the name might suggest, but is one of the

869:, North Sumatra, Central and South Kalimantan officially declared themselves to be Hindus. They politically organized themselves to press and preserve their rights. The largest of these organizations, Parisada Hindu Dharma Bali, changed its name to 3845:

The predominantly Hindu island of Bali is the largest tourist draw in Indonesia. Next to natural beauty, the temple architecture, the elaborate Hindu festivals, rich culture, colorful art and vivid dances are the main attractions of Balinese

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Muslim 231.069.932 (86.7), Christian 20.246.267 (7.6), Catholic 8.325.339 (3.12), Hindu 4.646.357 (1.74), Buddhist 2.062.150 (0.77), Confucianism 117091 (0.03), Other 299617 (0.13), Not Stated 139582 (0.06), Not Asked 757118 (0.32), Total

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gathered followers for an expedition to Bali, whereby he is said to have brought Hinduism to the island in the fifth century AD. An example of resurgence around major archaeological remains of ancient Hindu temple sites was observed in

1181:. These are bhakti mārga (path of devotion to deities), jnana mārga (path of knowledge), karma mārga (path of works) and raja mārga (path of meditation). Bhakti marga has the largest following in Bali. Similarly, like Hindus in India, 476:

Hinduism expansion in Asia, from its heartland in the Indian Subcontinent to the rest of Asia, especially Southeast Asia, started circa the 1st century marked with the establishment of early Hindu settlements and polities in Southeast

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The percentage of Hindus in the total population declined from the 1990 census, and this is largely attributed to lower birth rates and immigration of Muslims from Java into provinces with high Hindu populations. In Central

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states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its

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A common feature among new Hindu communities in Java is that they tend to rally around recently built temples (pura) or around archaeological temple sites (candi) which are being reclaimed as places of Hindu worship.

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population compared to the Muslim population. The average number of births per Hindu woman varied between 1.8 and 2.0 among various islands, while for the Muslim population it varied between 2.1 and 3.2 per woman.

920:' traditions and renewed external domination. By contrast, most Javanese were slow to consider Hinduism at the time, lacking a distinct organization along ethnic lines and fearing retribution from locally powerful 1542:. Although the vast majority of Javanese and Sundanese now identify as Muslim, these art forms still survive. Hinduism has survived in varying degrees and forms on Java. Certain ethnic groups in Java, such as the 10188: 7859: 6228:

Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2001: Report Submitted to the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate

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Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Confucianism 76.019 (0.03), Folk and others 99.045 (0.04), Total 280.725.428 Million

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has influenced the way of life and day-to-day activities in Indonesia. Outside of Bali, many adherents of traditional indigenous religions identify as Hindus in order to gain official recognition.

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and flourished with the increasing sea trade between China and India and beyond. During this time, scholars from India and China visited these kingdoms to translate literary and religious texts.

7775: 1843:. Significant Hindu population is also found in Torue (41%) and Sausu (30%) districts in Parigi Moutong; Tomoni Timur (35%), Angkona (27%), Simbuang (36%) and Tellulimpo E (40%) districts in 6716: 10157: 802:

Dutch colonial officials for diplomatic and human rights support. A series of student and cultural exchange initiatives between Bali and India helped formulate the core principles behind

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Similar mass conversions have occurred in the region around Pura Agung Blambangan, another new temple, built on a site with minor archaeological remnants attributed to the kingdom of

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The petition's focus on the "undivided one" was to satisfy the constitutional requirement that Indonesian citizens have a monotheistic belief in one God. The petitioners identified

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prayers and offerings must be made for them. Families whose ancestors have not been cremated yet, but remain buried in the village cemetery, must make offerings at the graves.

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from coast-based Muslim traders, and thereafter Hinduism, which was previously the dominant religion in the region, mostly vanished from many of the islands of Indonesia.

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A further Hindu movement in the earliest stages of development was observed in the vicinity of the newly completed Pura Pucak Raung (in the Eastern Javanese district of

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schools of Hinduism. The Hindu-Buddhist ideas reached the peak of their influence in the 14th century. The last and largest among the Hindu-Buddhist Javanese empires,

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in Jakarta practice their own form of Hinduism which is similar to the Indian Hinduism, the Indians celebrating Hindu holidays more commonly found in India, such as

3552:), books, and shrines. Saraswati Day is celebrated every 210-days on Saniscara Umanis Wuku Watugunung and marks the start of the new year according to the Balinese 916:, many Dayak leaders were also more deeply concerned about Balinese efforts to standardize Hindu ritual practice nationally; fearing a decline of their own unique ' 8146: 9045: 5781: 7863: 8765: 8571: 1613:, some of them still follow their old beliefs. Today Hinduism still exists among the Osing population. The Osings share a similar culture and spirit with the 896:

were the first to realize this opportunity by seeking shelter for their indigenous ancestor religion under the broad umbrella of 'Hinduism', followed by the

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are a mixture of ancient traditions and contemporary pressures placed by Indonesian laws that permit only monotheist belief under the national ideology of

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islands adopted both Hindu and Buddhist ideas, fusing them with pre-existing native folk religion and Animist beliefs. In the 4th century, the kingdom of

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made up 1.79% of the total Indonesian population. Bali had the highest concentration of Hindus with 88.05% of its population professing Hinduism agama.

8250:"Special Feature: Exploring the Temples of Java, Indonesia - Magazine Web Edition January/February/March 2015 - Publications - Hinduism Today Magazine" 7063: 5493: 1366:

Scholars dispute the degree and nature of social stratification in medieval and contemporary Balinese Hindu society. The social structure consisted of

917: 9247: 7842: 6269: 1641: 436:, practices commonly shared among many tribal peoples around the world. In the case of the first Indonesians, they especially venerated and revered 9035: 4737: 3710:. A local Hindu movement is struggling to gain control of a newly excavated temple building which they wish to see restored as a site of active 1503:. Majapahit was based in East Java, from where it ruled a large part of what is now Indonesia. The remnants of the Majapahit kingdom shifted to 974:

religion in 1993, before being converted into the Hindu Religion State College in 1999, and then into the Hindu Dharma State Institute in 2004.

7860:"West and Central Kalimantan: Limited livelihood opportunities and failed compensation for lost property hamper recovery of Madurese returnees" 6767: 5727: 9184: 6243: 5828: 949: 880:

To gain official acceptance and their rights in a Muslim-dominated country, Hinduism in Indonesia was politically forced to adapt. Currently

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Epic have been traced in Indonesian islands to the 1st century; whose versions mirror those found in southeast Indian peninsular region (now

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are non-Muslim; their religion is a fusion of Hinduism and Buddhism with animism; it is considered Buddhist by the government. In parts of

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Thomas Anton Reuter (2002), Custodians of the Sacred Mountains: Culture and Society in the Highlands of Bali, University of Hawaii Press,

6270:"Special Feature: Meet The Hindus of Java - Magazine Web Edition October/November/December 2014 - Publications - Hinduism Today Magazine" 6166: 4417: 3981: 5065: 3821:

region. However, because the temple stands in a Sundanese sacred place, and also hosts a shrine dedicated to the famous Sundanese king,

3630:, the last Hindu polity on Java. A further important site is Pura Loka Moksa Jayabaya (in the village of Menang near Kediri), where the 1585:. However, the Tengger variety does not have a caste system and the Tengger people's traditions are based on those originating from the 1071:

are different aspects of the same Supreme Being. Lord Shiva is also worshiped in other forms such as "Batara Guru" and "Maharaja Dewa" (

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The 2018 civil registration recorded the number of Hindus at 4,646,357 with some 90% of them residing in the Hindu heartland of Bali.

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supported the petition and a Hindu-Balinese Affairs section was officially established in the Ministry of Religious Affairs under the

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brought Islam to Indonesia. The earliest known mention of a small Islamic community midst the Hindus of Indonesia is credited to

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as one of the earliest known Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia. The map shows its geographic spread in West Java in the 5th century CE.

8500: 5374: 9343: 8391: 7205: 5521:"Visnu mitrés et réseaux marchands en Asie du Sud-Est : nouvelles données archéologiques sur le Ier millénaire apr. J.-C" 9189: 9065: 9040: 8857: 8830: 8808: 8779: 8755: 8734: 8705: 8676: 8476: 8449: 8371: 8274: 8106: 8041: 8014: 7975: 7554: 7165: 7073: 7046: 6892: 6838: 6777: 6726: 6547: 6351: 6253: 5977: 5885: 5838: 5795: 5764: 5737: 5710: 5630: 5572: 5503: 5428: 5401: 5357: 5284: 5231: 5204: 5108: 5073: 4955: 1233:

and Hindu Epics, as well as expresses its traditions through unique set of festivals and customs associated with a myriad of

8227: 7684:"Strategic Customary Village Leadership in the Context of MarineConservation and Development in Southeast Maluku, Indonesia" 10113: 9864: 5562: 345: 1283:

in Bali), others are associated with rice fields, and still others with key geographic sites. In rural highlands of Bali,

10277: 9807: 9416: 9142: 8999: 4787: 4730: 4237: 1448:. In the sixth and seventh centuries many maritime kingdoms arose in Sumatra and Java which controlled the waters in the 1139:. They are the basis of Indian and Balinese Hinduism. Other sources of religious information include the Universal Hindu 9025: 8575: 8466: 8150: 4618: 3813:. The temple, dubbed as the largest Balinese Hindu temple ever built outside Bali, was meant as the main temple for the 9520: 8890: 8083: 7361: 7312: 7295: 6928: 5815: 5686: 4802: 4665: 4231: 3918: 3906: 8798: 8745: 776: 614:, were among the early Hindu states established in the region. Excavations between 1950 and 2005, particularly at the 9761: 9744: 9333: 9159: 8898: 5681:

Gerhard Bowering et al. (2012), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, Princeton University Press,

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in Kei Island: Transformation of Coastal Resources Managementby Community in Tanimbar Kei Island, Maluku, Indonesia"

873:(PHDI) in 1986, reflecting subsequent efforts to define Hinduism as a national rather than just a Balinese concern. 522:(temples) excavated in Java and western Indonesian islands, as well as ancient inscriptions such as the 8th century 486:

actually had human offspring and so on. Here however we must conclude a belonging to a religious school of thought,

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Cox, Murray P.; Nelson, Michael G.; Tumonggor, Meryanne K.; Ricaut, François-X.; Sudoyo, Herawati (22 July 2012).

9352: 9179: 8912: 7911: 6990:"Book Review: Calendrical Systems Explored: Calendrical Calculations, Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History" 4844: 3611: 3605: 1398:

kings and village chiefs have come from all sections of its society - priests, warriors, merchants and artisans.

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A belief that all of the gods are manifestations of this supreme being. This belief is the same as the belief of

870: 570:, calling it "exceedingly wealthy," and that it coexisted peacefully with Buddhist people and Sailendra ruler in 419: 356:

was the dominant religion in the country before the arrival of Islam and is one of the six official religions of

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Eiseman, Fred (1989), Bali: Sekala and Niskala Volume I: Essays on Religion, Ritual and Art, Periplus Editions,

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Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2013).

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differs from the rest part of the world and has also quite diversity among them also. The temples structures in

10267: 10257: 9569: 9477: 9284: 9216: 9060: 9015: 8979: 8031: 4723: 4529: 1056:'. God Almighty in the Torajanese culture of Central Sulawesi is known as "Puang Matua" in Aluk To Dolo belief. 8189: 3786:. Today the Prambanan temple stages various annual Hindu ceremonies and festivals such as Galungan and Nyepi. 360:

today. Hinduism came to Indonesia in the 1st-century through Indian traders, sailors, scholars and priests. A

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James Fox, Indonesian Heritage: Religion and ritual, Volume 9 of Indonesian heritage, Editor: Timothy Auger,

3619:. One of several new Hindu temples in eastern Java is Pura Mandaragiri Sumeru Agung, located on the slope of 3573: 1177:) and dance performances. As in India, Indonesian Hinduism recognizes four paths of spirituality, calling it 512:

of the 14th century, which is a collection of ancient tales, arts and crafts of Indonesia, extensively uses

10272: 10262: 10193: 9727: 9619: 9304: 9169: 9030: 8905: 8493:"Temples in Bali - Bali Directory - Information about resources in Bali - Designed and Managed by bali3000" 7939: 4604: 4429: 3898: 909:

migrants and officials, and deeply resentful at the dispossession of their land and its natural resources.

704: 482: 425: 8361: 7839: 7389: 6277: 4068:, the Javanese ancient Hindu temple. (This type of temple structure and architecture is mostly founded in 3759:

has become the center of Javanese Hinduism and gain patronage of Balinese temples and royal houses. A new

1499:. Among these Hindu kingdoms, Majapahit kingdom was the largest and the last significant Hindu kingdom in 372:

ideas as well, evolved as the Indonesian version of Hinduism. These ideas continued to develop during the

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The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries

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also invests and focuses on the Ancient sites and buildings of Hindu religion, along with Buddhist ones.

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in 1977. In central and southern Kalimantan, a large Hindu movement has grown among the local indigenous

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in 414 AD mention two schools of Hinduism in Java, while Chinese documents from 8th century refer to the

3729: 1319:(spirits of the earth) - however, the animal sacrifices are conducted outside the premises of a temple. 636:

of Java built many square temples, named rivers on the island as Gomati and Ganges, and completed major

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The Politics of Religion in Indonesia: Syncretism, Orthodoxy, and Religious Contention in Java and Bali

4772: 4220: 3682: 7857: 4901: 1237:- the local and ancestral spirits, as well as forms of animal sacrifice that are not common in India. 9781: 9674: 9644: 9510: 9487: 9289: 9274: 9242: 9132: 8972: 8894:: "Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Movements in Java and other parts of Indonesia" by Thomas Reuter 7586: 5192:

Public Library Core Collection: A Selection Guide to Reference Books and Adult Nonfiction. Nonfiction

4870: 4364: 4199: 3886: 3866: 8522: 8321: 6742: 5455:"Agama Hindu Dharma Indonesia as a New Religious Movement: Hinduism Recreated in the Image of Islam" 4106:, the Indian Hindu temples. (It is normal temple with a Gopuram and is like temples like elsewhere). 550:, and other Hindu deities by about the middle to late 1st millennium AD. Ancient Chinese records of 10108: 10073: 10028: 9881: 9857: 9699: 9634: 9421: 9386: 8078:

Nyoman S. Pendit (2001), Nyepi: kebangkitan, toleransi, dan kerukunan, Gramedia Pustaka Indonesia,

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during the sixteenth century after a prolonged war by and territorial losses to Islamic sultanates.

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Among the non-Balinese communities considered to be Hindu by the government are, for example, the

1354:, is a major symbolic and ritual paradigm found in various festivities, dances, arts and temples. 9998: 9993: 9888: 9771: 9667: 9589: 9584: 9299: 7818: 4971: 3854: 1534:

dance and other Javanese and Sundanese classical dances are derived from episodes of Hindu epics

51: 8004: 7965: 7923: 7630: 7546: 4923: 10118: 10093: 10008: 9988: 9938: 9908: 9898: 9679: 9652: 9599: 9436: 9348: 9279: 9262: 9252: 9098: 8441:

Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion Between Local, National, and Global Interests

7805: 5520: 4513: 4119:

Indonesia often uses Hindu symbolism, such as Daneswara or Kuwera, to symbolise bank and wealth

3540:

also celebrated because she succeeded in taming the wandering and lustful mind of her consort,

1828: 1267: 967: 692: 433: 403: 300: 8428:, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 153, 1ste Afl., Brill Academic, pp. 15–41 7572: 6989: 6197: 5860: 4947: 4937: 4394: 10203: 10083: 10078: 9737: 9732: 9689: 9684: 9579: 9574: 9467: 9396: 9230: 9080: 9020: 8308: 8057: 5620: 4807: 3549: 3508: 2316: 1629:

in terms of social stratification. Unlike the Balinese, the Osing people do not practice the

765: 759:

communities in islands that they could defend. Hindus of eastern Java, for example, moved to

333: 312: 8726:

Hindu Resurgence in Indonesia: Inspiring Story of Millions of Muslims converting to Hinduism

7885: 5347: 5251: 3082:

there has been progressive settlement of Madurese from Madura. The details are given below:

10147: 10098: 10053: 10033: 10023: 9923: 9800: 9766: 9629: 9502: 9492: 9431: 9374: 9327: 9321: 9269: 9206: 9164: 9120: 9007: 7779: 7001: 4797: 4586: 4299: 4164: 4128: 3937: 3847: 3698: 3690: 3533:

is the last day of the holiday, when the gods and ancestors depart until the next Galungan.

1032: 348:, is practised by about 1.68% of the total population, and almost 87% of the population in 8336:"Foreign Tourist Arrivals to Indonesia Jump 22.6% in January 2014 | Indonesia Investments" 8: 10177: 10123: 10038: 10018: 9903: 9893: 9850: 9662: 9609: 9549: 9482: 9406: 4493: 4449: 4389: 4339: 3748: 3694: 2736: 1836: 1668:, where government statistics counted Hindus as 15.8% of the population as of 1995. Many 1496: 1433: 647:, famous for the construction of one of the world's largest Hindu temple complexes - the 523: 457: 391: 260: 7617: 7005: 10167: 10103: 10068: 10003: 9983: 9973: 9933: 9918: 9913: 9816: 9694: 9624: 9594: 9564: 9559: 9544: 9515: 9472: 9199: 9194: 7710: 7683: 7261: 7017: 6970: 6681: 6424: 6189: 6111: 6052: 6044: 5848: 5540: 5272:

Of Palm Wine, Women and War: The Mongolian Naval Expedition to Java in the 13th Century

5035: 5002: 4878: 4762: 4673: 4571: 4369: 4314: 4195: 4064: 3967: 3882: 1500: 1449: 1347: 1339: 921: 518: 341: 281: 277: 197: 126: 116: 7656: 7540: 7330: 6617: 1708:

of Sumatra have identified their animist traditions with Hinduism. Among the minority

1463:

From the 4th to the 15th century, Java had many Hindu kingdoms, such as Tarumanagara,

671:, for example, is described as the principal figure in the 11th century Javanese text 10232: 10128: 10088: 10063: 10043: 9978: 9953: 9943: 9928: 9826: 9749: 9359: 9050: 8863: 8853: 8826: 8804: 8785: 8775: 8751: 8730: 8711: 8701: 8682: 8672: 8492: 8472: 8445: 8367: 8270: 8102: 8079: 8037: 8010: 7971: 7907: 7715: 7550: 7522: 7452: 7357: 7308: 7291: 7253: 7161: 7069: 7042: 7021: 6962: 6924: 6888: 6834: 6806: 6773: 6722: 6685: 6543: 6444: 6378: 6347: 6322: 6249: 6103: 6056: 6036: 5881: 5834: 5811: 5791: 5760: 5733: 5706: 5682: 5657: 5626: 5568: 5544: 5499: 5474: 5424: 5397: 5353: 5280: 5227: 5200: 5159: 5104: 5079: 5069: 5040: 5022: 4951: 4943: 4757: 4561: 4498: 4089: 3933: 3909:, many of them are present in the islands are a good places for worship and tourism. 3733: 2922: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1665: 1570: 1543: 1492: 1395: 1304: 1256: 1219: 1182: 1004: 987: 957: 953: 803: 664: 399: 395: 316: 269: 265: 187: 8387: 7587:"The Future of Hindu Alukta in Tana Toraja Post-Integration With the Hindu Religion" 6115: 5420:

A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development, 100–1500

5393:

A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development, 100–1500

10048: 10013: 9968: 9963: 9873: 9821: 9294: 8946: 8840: 8294: 7705: 7695: 7598: 7512: 7478: 7390:"Tengger: The ethnic minority which protects Hinduism in remote part of Indonesia!" 7243: 7009: 6954: 6677: 6436: 6312: 6193: 6181: 6095: 6028: 5532: 5466: 5124: 5030: 5014: 4782: 4767: 4713: 4636: 4566: 4324: 4172: 4136: 4073: 4036: 3826: 3806: 3778:, Hindu communities are also expanding in Central Java (Lyon 1980), for example in 3616: 3578: 2900: 1832: 1816: 1597:) is believed to be a holy mountain. Every year the Tengger hold a ritual known as 1523: 1407: 1300: 1171:

became enduring traditions among Indonesian believers, expressed in shadow puppet (

932: 913: 829:

Translation: Om, thus is the essence of the all prevading, infinite, undivided one.

659:. Hinduism along with Buddhism spread across the archipelago. Numerous sastras and 377: 191: 146: 7746: 2308: 472: 8958: 8934: 8844: 8769: 8724: 8695: 8666: 8439: 8264: 8219: 8096: 7846: 6882: 5875: 5787: 5754: 5702:

Regime Change and Ethnic Politics in Indonesia: Dayak Politics of West Kalimantan

5418: 5391: 5276: 5270: 5196: 5190: 5149: 5098: 5059: 4874: 4812: 4702: 4678: 4641: 4599: 4160: 4085: 4080: 3818: 3814: 3557:

Children bring fruit and traditional cakes to school for offerings at the temple.

2878: 1669: 1626: 1618: 1614: 1519: 1468: 1436:. The earliest evidences of Hindu influences in Java can be found in 4th century 1259: 1246: 925: 853: 644: 595: 508: 57: 7504: 7157:

Custodians of the Sacred Mountains: Culture and Society in the Highlands of Bali

7038:

Custodians of the Sacred Mountains: Culture and Society in the Highlands of Bali

6718:

Indigenous Culture, Education and Globalization: Critical Perspectives from Asia

3706:

near Mojokerto. The site may be the location of the capital of the Hindu empire

1684:, a syncretism of Hinduism with animist and Protestant elements. Similarly, the 1455: 9717: 9539: 8299: 8290: 7013: 5249:, The Indian Religions in Pre-Islamic Indonesia and their survival in Bali, in 4503: 4444: 4439: 4379: 4246: 3822: 3737: 3584: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1793: 1689: 503: 273: 61: 8867: 8789: 8715: 8686: 7700: 7248: 7231: 6317: 6300: 6185: 6099: 6032: 5083: 1514:

Cirebonese Batik Art depicting Hindu legend Arjun in his chariot in Mahabharat

1225:

Hinduism in Bali is officially referred by Indonesian Ministry of Religion as

884:

is one of the five officially recognized monotheistic religions in Indonesia.

743:, about 1297 AD, whom he referred to as a new community of Moorish traders in 10251: 10226: 7526: 7456: 7356:

Jean Gelman Taylor, Indonesia: Peoples and Histories, Yale University Press,

7257: 6966: 6810: 6689: 6448: 6382: 6326: 6107: 6040: 5661: 5622:

Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions, Religionen

5478: 5349:

Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions, Religionen

5026: 4631: 4594: 4483: 4250: 4124: 3874: 3802: 3674: 2408: 1609:

In spite of the Dutch attempts to propagate Islam and Christianity among the

1598: 1476: 1425: 935: 785: 407: 365: 285: 166: 7858:

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) - Norwegian Refugee Council.

5536: 5470: 797:(people without religion), and as those who must be converted. In 1952, the 747:. Four diverse and contentious Islamic Sultanates emerged in north Sumatra ( 444:

knowledge is identified by the ancient Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese as "

7719: 7447: 6084:"Hindu Bonds at Work: Spiritual and Commercial Ties between India and Bali" 5978:"Balinese Hinduism - Bali.com - Religion of Harmony, Holy Water, Ancestors" 5256: 5163: 5044: 5018: 4858: 4626: 4545: 4508: 4488: 4374: 4329: 4274: 4242: 4048: 3841:

Colourful and festive Hindu rituals of Bali is one of island's attractions.

3771: 3670: 1657: 1630: 1610: 1582: 1547: 1437: 1328: 1275: 1093: 939: 905: 881: 744: 625: 611: 599: 582: 441: 7603: 7517: 6881:

Davison, Julian; Tettoni, Luca Invernizzi; Enu, Nengah (15 October 2003).

1788: 10236: 9776: 8800:

Culture of Inequality: The Changing Hindu–Muslim Relations in Maharashtra

7186: 6591:"Modi in Jakarta: How Muslim-majority Indonesia keeps its Hinduism alive" 6440: 5930: 5593: 4473: 4459: 4349: 4334: 4319: 4284: 4269: 4191: 3798: 3650: 3645: 1777: 1765: 1590: 1563: 1539: 1531: 1412: 1161: 1155: 1016: 970: 781: 495: 487: 233: 8425: 7265: 6048: 6016: 5223:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

865:

large numbers of Indonesians in western Java, as well as parts of South

9531: 7819:"Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut" 7290:

Kapur, in The Lab, the Temple, and the Market (Editor: Sharon Harper),

5317: 4646: 4454: 4424: 4384: 4359: 4354: 4289: 4264: 4207: 3756: 3715: 3631: 3627: 3079: 2672: 1661: 1480: 752: 740: 725: 656: 637: 633: 571: 563: 499: 361: 304: 216: 6974: 6942: 6425:"A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as 'People of the Book'" 4869:

and other places. They have Gopuramas and Vimana. They have different

1048:

A belief in one supreme being called 'Ida Sanghyang Widi Wasa', 'Sang

368:, culture and Hindu ideas, that from the 6th-century also synthesized 8995: 8964: 8165: 6373: 5652: 5616: 5564:

Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift

5343: 5246: 4817: 4651: 4294: 4279: 4180: 4056: 4052: 4009: 3988: 3941: 3878: 3870: 3790: 3783: 3775: 3764: 3741: 3723: 3707: 3545: 3536: 1824: 1757: 1741: 1733: 1729: 1717: 1586: 1574: 1488: 1484: 1417: 1378: 1136: 1076: 1038: 811: 688: 648: 603: 453: 387: 373: 357: 337: 320: 156: 69: 8095:

Kinney, Ann R.; Klokke, Marijke J.; Kieven, Lydia (1 January 2003).

7232:"Hierarchy and Equality: Variations in Balinese Social Organization" 6859: 4127:

and practices insipires many modern symbols and has crucial role in

3837: 1075:) are closely identified with the Sun in local forms of Hinduism or 516:

words, Indian deity names and religious concepts. Similarly ancient

9842: 8953: 6958: 6847: 6795:"SENI (RUPA) BALI HINDU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EPISTEMOLOGI BRAHMA WIDYA" 5003:"A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar" 4777: 4434: 4344: 4309: 4304: 4259: 4203: 3770:

Although there has been a more pronounced history of resistance to

3703: 3635: 3530: 3525: 3513: 1693: 1535: 1464: 1185:

believe that there are four proper goals of human life, calling it

1167: 1149: 1087: 1060: 983: 960: 893: 866: 861: 620: 607: 513: 449: 437: 369: 353: 328: 308: 251: 229: 182: 6618:"Quests of the Dragon and Bird Clan: Wednesday, February 02, 2005" 6223:

Relations, United States Congress House Committee on International

4171:, and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950. The 3760: 1518:

The heritage of Hinduism left a significant impact and imprint in

1251: 709: 42: 9315: 8883: 8266:

Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia

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in 1984, in recognition of its national influence spearheaded by

3553: 2530: 1725: 1721: 1622: 1558: 1441: 1429: 1384: 1372: 1342:

the protective spirit represented with a lion mask (representing

1144: 1053: 996: 901: 849: 819: 815: 751:), south Sumatra, west and central Java, and in southern Borneo ( 684: 680: 668: 535: 531: 429: 225: 220: 136: 8406: 1617:, and the Hindus celebrate ceremonies like Nyepi. Just like the 8426:

Balinese Hinduism and the Indonesian State: Recent Developments

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Sadri Returns to Bali: A Tale of the Balinese Galungan Festival

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Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia

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Moussons. Recherche en Sciences Humaines Sur l'Asie du Sud-Est

7318: 3544:, who was preoccupied with the goddess of material existence, 1338:

the witch (representing adharma, something like disorder) and

848:

in ancient scripts of Hinduism. In 1959, Indonesian President

8523:"JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS OF JAPAN" 8006:

Bali, Sekala and Niskala: Essays on religion, ritual, and art

7350: 6301:"Religious change and experimentation in Indonesian Hinduism" 6134: 5154:. Information Division, Embassy of Indonesia. 1977. pp. 4866: 4792: 4152: 3810: 3752: 3719: 3711: 3662: 3658: 3639: 3592: 3581: 3560: 1769: 1749: 1745: 1685: 1677: 1650: 1445: 1234: 1194: 1132: 1116: 1107: 1080: 1072: 1068: 1049: 1020: 807: 736: 721: 660: 591: 559: 527: 491: 445: 381: 212: 7984: 4032: 6167:"Religion and the Indonesian Constitution: A Recent Debate" 5170: 4683: 4096: 4069: 3971: 3949: 3945: 3894: 3890: 3678: 3666: 2714: 1820: 1808: 1797: 1737: 1578: 1573:

community follows a Hindu tradition stretching back to the

1504: 1198: 1044:

Some of these officially recognized Hindu beliefs include:

760: 748: 732: 728: 349: 106: 65: 6568: 6493: 8552: 7545:. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: Passport Books. 1994. pp. 6696: 6146: 6122: 6063: 5996: 5958: 5918: 5423:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 122–123. 1432:

were subject to considerable cultural influence from the

1315:(lethal cockfighting) or killing of an animal to appease 1000: 461: 8599:"Garuda: Indonesia's Legendary Bird and National Emblem" 6242:

Aritonang, Jan Sihar; Steenbrink, Karel Adriaan (2008).

5894: 5783:

Understanding Islam in Indonesia: Politics and Diversity

5000: 2312:

Child dressed up for a festive Hindu dance in Ubud, Bali

1636: 1577:. There are strong similarities between the Hinduism in 526:

discovered in Indonesia, confirm widespread adoption of

8098:

Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java

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Eliot, Joshua; Bickersteth, Jane; Capaldi, Liz (1996).

7061: 6517: 6481: 6463:"Jokowi creates country's first Hindu state university" 5729:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

5396:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 40–55. 5007:

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who wish to reconnect their ties with their ancestors.

3653:(irrespective of the religion) use Hindu names such as 1550:, are also associated with Hindu religious traditions. 1279:

associated with the family house compound (also called

1115:

A belief in all of the other Hindu gods and goddesses (

714: 643:

Several notable ancient Indonesian Hindu kingdoms were

8642: 8115: 7417:"The Tengger people of Java, descendants of Majapahit" 7372: 7370: 6640:"Brahma Vishnu Mahesh Trimurti Puja - Rudraksha Ratna" 6542:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Dharma Maradha. p. 371. 6401: 5906: 5725: 420:

Indian influence on honorifics titles of other nations

8918: 8624:"'Garuda Luka' Serang Prabowo-Hatta Lewat Dunia Maya" 7160:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 171, 202–203. 6666:"Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Movements in Java" 5827:

STAFF, MERRIAM-WEBSTER; Inc, Merriam-Webster (1999).

8540: 8147:"Biographies, Sages, Rushis And Saints at FreeIndia" 7741: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7272: 5581: 5293: 1420:

Shiva temple, the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia.

1063:, which also holds that the different forms of God, 460:, "hyang" tends to be associated with the notion of 7367: 6418: 6416: 6241: 5753:Morgan, David O.; Reid, Anthony (4 November 2010). 3751:region in Central Java, the renovated 14th-century 931:Several native tribal peoples with beliefs such as 380:. About 1400 CE, these kingdoms were introduced to 8797:Damle, Amod N.; Damle, Nilu H. (22 October 2020). 8127: 8094: 8029: 6887:. Periplus Editions (HK) Limited. pp. 32–45. 5188: 1800:, Indonesia With 98.73% of the population is Hindu 1334:involves a battle between the mythical characters 311:natives religion which classified as Hindu by the 8464: 7726: 6880: 5830:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 5519:Dalsheimer, Nadine; Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1998). 5518: 5275:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 4935: 3991:, the largest Hindu temple compound in Indonesia. 3718:, the man attributed with transforming the small 3548:. On this day, offerings are made to the lontar ( 3512:Street decoration in Bali for the Hindu festival 1780:. As of 2014, it is inhabited by ca. 600 people. 10249: 8697:A Short History of Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm 8030:Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward M. (2008). 6913:. Cambridge University Press. 2003. p. 170. 6413: 6340:Esposito, John L.; Shahin, Emad El-Din (2013k). 5498:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 130–135. 3901:follows the culture and traditions like that of 977: 8437: 8003:Eiseman, Fred B.; Eiseman, Margaret H. (1989). 6339: 6231:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 150. 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5379:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Kanisius. p. 119. 3638:is said to have achieved spiritual liberation ( 698: 8744:Picard, Michel; Madinier, Rémy (13 May 2011). 8743: 8465:Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2012). 8002: 7654: 7568: 7566: 7441:Images, Ulet Ifansasti/Getty (7 August 2015). 7324: 7192: 7103: 6865: 6853: 6562: 6511: 5952: 5525:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 5311: 4936:Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2012). 3905:. There are many well known and often visited 3585:King Sri Baduga Maharaja Sang Ratu Jaya Dewata 3503: 834:Joint petition by Hindus of Bali, 14 June 1958 9858: 8980: 6715:Xing, Jun; Ng, Pak-sheung (23 October 2015). 4731: 1625:tradition. The Osing people differs from the 731:, as well as Sufi Muslim traders from India, 8771:Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia 7414: 7236:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 6021:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 5567:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 406–419. 5437: 5189:Greenfieldt, John; Bartell, Patrice (2008). 3577:Balinese Hindus built a shrine dedicated to 1858: 1205:(pursuit of self-knowledge and liberation). 8822:Explorations in the Anthropology of Tourism 8036:. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. 7862:. Internal-displacement.org. Archived from 7772:"Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia" 7681: 7655:Jayanti, Anes D.; Osozawa, Katsuya (2014). 7563: 5675: 5557: 4135:The National emblem of Indonesia is called 1197:(pursuit of wealth and creative activity), 9865: 9851: 8987: 8973: 8899:Hindu Resources and Community in Indonesia 8796: 8269:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 52. 8262: 6180:(3). Cambridge University Press: 419–440. 5752: 5176: 5103:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 3–5. 4972:"Mahayana Buddhism: Buddhism in Indonesia" 4738: 4724: 4418:List of Indonesian Hindu religious leaders 3714:worship. The temple is to be dedicated to 1696:have identified their animistic religions 793:recognize Hindus. It considered Hindus as 530:lingam iconography, his companion goddess 8817: 8558: 8298: 7963: 7764: 7709: 7699: 7602: 7573:Indonesia: Religious Freedoms Report 2010 7516: 7247: 7180: 6574: 6523: 6499: 6487: 6343:The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics 6316: 6221: 5880:. Yale University Press. pp. 21–83. 5698: 5034: 3065: 2299: 1581:and the Tengger variety; both are called 1553: 1361: 1274:. These temples are designed on a square 771: 8664: 8263:Federspiel, Howard M. (1 January 2007). 8220:"10 Most Beautiful Temples in Indonesia" 7990: 7618:My Jakarta: Bhavana Sutrisna Tirtadinata 7340: 6940: 6826: 6792: 6702: 6422: 6298: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6081: 6069: 6002: 5964: 5936: 5924: 5912: 5900: 5826: 5786:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 5599: 5452: 5372: 4241: 4114: 4031: 3836: 3728: 3644: 3572: 3507: 2315: 2307: 1787: 1640: 1557: 1509: 1454: 1411: 1250: 1240: 1010: 991: 775: 708: 576: 471: 406:. Though being a minority religion, the 294: 8693: 8648: 8359: 8121: 7620:The Jakarta Globe — March 14, 2009 7578: 7502: 7088: 6369:"Lessons from Indonesia's Hindu legacy" 6305:International Journal of Dharma Studies 5940: 5779: 5648:"Lessons from Indonesia's Hindu legacy" 5323: 5299: 3825:, the site has gained popularity among 3685:above has the name written "Tri Wisnu". 1604: 1193:(pursuit of moral and ethical living), 14: 10250: 8994: 8839: 8764: 8412: 8175: 7964:Waldmeier, Elisabeth (7 August 2012). 7584: 7505:"The Osing Agricultural Spirit-Medium" 7443:"Yadnya Kasada festival - in pictures" 7440: 7376: 7336: 7278: 7153: 7034: 6987: 6743:"SINTA - Science and Technology Index" 6714: 6670:The Australian Journal of Anthropology 6663: 6585: 6583: 6245:A History of Christianity in Indonesia 6014: 5874:Taylor, Jean Gelman (1 January 2003). 5873: 5603: 5587: 5376:Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 5327: 5240: 3782:, near the ancient Hindu monuments of 467: 9846: 8968: 8722: 8596: 8546: 8394:from the original on 7 September 2016 8171: 8133: 7970:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 67–89. 7344: 7154:Reuter, Thomas A. (31 January 2002). 7118:from the original on 20 December 2016 7035:Reuter, Thomas A. (31 January 2002). 6923:Janet Descutner (2004), Asian Dance, 6884:Introduction to Balinese Architecture 6876: 6874: 6833:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 41–43. 6822: 6820: 6615: 6535: 6407: 6366: 6164: 5833:. Merriam-Webster. pp. 516–517. 5645: 5615: 5417:Hall, Kenneth R. (28 December 2010). 5390:Hall, Kenneth R. (28 December 2010). 5342: 5338: 5336: 5096: 5057: 4982:from the original on 12 November 2020 4084:, the Balinese temples. (A Pura is a 1637:Hinduism elsewhere in the archipelago 1459:Java's Hindu temple, Candi Sambisari. 1440:inscriptions scattered around modern 1322: 1027:The general beliefs and practices of 912:Compared to their counterparts among 663:of Hinduism were translated into the 390:has the fourth-largest population of 9872: 8230:from the original on 1 December 2020 7811: 7776:Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia 7301: 7229: 7206:"Results | Scholars Portal Journals" 7136: 7068:. Footprint Handbooks. p. 461. 6994:Journal for the History of Astronomy 6943:"Review of Calendrical Calculations" 6827:Simmonds, Nigel (24 December 2013). 6389:from the original on 27 January 2021 5804: 5491: 5416: 5389: 5268: 4924:Religious Freedom Report - Indonesia 4466: 4411: 4143:, the discipled carrier or vehicle ( 1847:; and Cakranegara district (39%) in 1213: 1208: 780:Devotees climbing the trail towards 101:Regions with significant populations 8058:"Bali Cultural Ceremony and Ritual" 7503:Wessing, Robert (1 November 2013). 7476: 7089:Eiseman, Fred and Margaret (1988). 6580: 5219: 4788:List of Hindu empires and dynasties 4238:List of Hindu empires and dynasties 3697:as the place where the Hindu saint 1401: 1303:). Unique rituals and festivals of 667:, and expressed in art form. Rishi 24: 9046:French and British era (1806–1816) 8825:. Berghahn Books. pp. 56–72. 8657: 8366:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 252. 8360:Vickers, Adrian (13 August 2013). 8009:. Periplus Editions. p. 183. 6910:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6871: 6817: 6769:Widya Dharma Agama Hindu SMP kls 9 6682:10.1111/j.1835-9310.2001.tb00081.x 6423:McDaniel, June (1 November 2013). 6367:Aiyar, Pallavi (14 October 2013). 6174:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 5646:Aiyar, Pallavi (14 October 2013). 5333: 5182: 5100:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia 4803:List of Hindu temples in Indonesia 3919:List of Hindu temples in Indonesia 3801:near the historic site of ancient 2320:Balinese pura (Hindu temple) dance 1621:, the Osing people also share the 679:, and a mixture of ideas from the 25: 10294: 8876: 8665:Ramstedt, Martin (28 June 2005). 8574:. Indonesia.go.id. Archived from 8200:from the original on 28 July 2020 7415:Kalpavriksha (26 December 2019). 7143:. University of Washington Press. 6988:Kelley, David H. (22 July 2016). 5097:Kahin, Audrey (29 October 2015). 4232:List of Indonesian Hindu monarchs 4214: 4210:names, such as Wisnu, Surya, etc. 4183:is also said to be inspired from 3795:Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta 3589:Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta 1311:(animal blood sacrifice) such as 1291:, forest domain) temples in each 10231: 10222: 10221: 8952: 8940: 8928: 8616: 8590: 8564: 8515: 8503:from the original on 11 May 2010 8485: 8458: 8431: 8418: 8380: 8353: 8328: 8283: 8256: 8242: 8212: 8190:"Tracing the glory of Majapahit" 8187: 8181: 8139: 8088: 8072: 8050: 8023: 7996: 7957: 7932: 7916: 7900: 7878: 7851: 7833: 7798: 7675: 7648: 7623: 7611: 7533: 7496: 7470: 7434: 7408: 7382: 7106:"Balinese Traditional Paintings" 5877:Indonesia: Peoples and Histories 5453:McDaniel, June (1 August 2010). 5269:Bade, David (4 September 2013). 5195:. H.W. Wilson Company. pp. 5064:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 4851: 4836: 4707: 4696: 4587:History of Hinduism in Indonesia 4544: 4018: 3997: 3980: 3958: 3925: 3520:over adharma (right over wrong). 1724:in Medan, North Sumatra and the 1645:Tamil Hindus walking around the 581:Archeological evidence suggests 364:fusion of pre-existing Javanese 198:traditional indigenous religions 84: 83: 50: 41: 9066:Liberal democracy era (1950–59) 8468:Encyclopedia of Global Religion 8388:"Statistics - Dinas Pariwisata" 7284: 7223: 7198: 7147: 7130: 7097: 7082: 7055: 7028: 6981: 6934: 6917: 6901: 6786: 6772:(in Indonesian). Ganeca Exact. 6760: 6735: 6708: 6657: 6632: 6616:Kekai, Paul (2 February 2005). 6609: 6529: 6455: 6360: 6333: 6299:McDaniel, June (16 July 2017). 6292: 6262: 6235: 6215: 6158: 6075: 6008: 5970: 5867: 5820: 5773: 5746: 5719: 5692: 5639: 5609: 5551: 5512: 5485: 5410: 5383: 5366: 5262: 5213: 5142: 4939:Encyclopedia of Global Religion 4845:Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia 3612:Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia 3516:. It celebrates the victory of 1783: 1633:, even though they are Hindus. 871:Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia 844:preserved the central ideas of 799:Indonesian Ministry of Religion 200:identified as Hindus (minority) 10189:British Indian Ocean Territory 9334:People's Consultative Assembly 8852:. Princeton University Press. 8723:KUMAR, RAVI (1 January 2014). 8597:Putri, Edira (13 March 2018). 8101:. University of Hawaii Press. 7888:. State.gov. 19 September 2008 7804:The information in present in 7585:Segara, I Nyoman Yoga (2023). 7542:Java : garden of the East 7041:. University of Hawaii Press. 5759:. Cambridge University Press. 5732:. Princeton University Press. 5226:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 175–190. 5117: 5090: 5051: 4994: 4964: 4929: 4917: 4908: 4894: 4155:temples of ancient Indonesia. 4131:and also in present scenario. 4051:structure and architecture in 3568: 3070:According to the 2000 census, 1530:puppet performance as well as 1495:, which has been designated a 1201:(pursuit of joy and love) and 424:The indigenous peoples of the 303:(2022). the map also included 289:and other Indonesian languages 13: 1: 9076:Transitional period (1965–66) 9061:National Revolution (1945–49) 9056:Japanese occupation (1942–45) 9051:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) 8848:(Tengger Tradition and Islam) 8340:www.indonesia-investments.com 7778:. 15 May 2018. Archived from 7682:Steenbergen, Dirk J. (2016). 6346:. OUP USA. pp. 570–571. 6165:Hosen, N (8 September 2005). 4824: 4072:and are place of worship for 4059:can be classified in 3 ways: 3763:is being built East of Solo ( 1704:(Hindu Alukta) as Hindu. The 1039:three daily mandatory prayers 978:General beliefs and practices 826:Om tat sat ekam eva advitiyam 640:and infrastructure projects. 481:Hindu influences reached the 8668:Hinduism in Modern Indonesia 8444:. Routledge. pp. 7–12. 7210:journals.scholarsportal.info 6429:The Journal of Hindu Studies 6088:The Journal of Asian Studies 5058:Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). 4926:U.S. State Department (2012) 4888: 4605:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 4430:Ida Pedanda Gede Made Gunung 4110: 4088:and is place of worship for 4039:is said to be inspired from 3873:was deepely affected by the 1811:, Hindus form a majority in 705:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 699:Hinduism in the colonial era 7: 9442:Water supply and sanitation 7631:"Babad Bali - Pelaks Nyepi" 6793:Sugandhi, I. G. P. (2005). 6721:. Springer. pp. 5–11. 6248:. BRILL. pp. 160–164. 4619:Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia 4520: 4225: 3940:, dedicated to the goddess 3504:Hindu holidays in Indonesia 506:). The Javanese prose work 299:Hindu distribution in each 10: 10299: 10278:Hinduism in Southeast Asia 9071:Guided Democracy (1959–65) 9036:Portuguese era (1512–1605) 8818:Yamashita, Shinzi (2003). 8300:10.18784/analisa.v2i01.412 7840:Data Umat Hindu Tahun 2009 7325:Picard & Madinier 2011 7195:, p. Chapter-VI (56). 7193:Picard & Madinier 2011 7014:10.1177/002182869903000404 6866:Picard & Madinier 2011 6854:Picard & Madinier 2011 6563:Picard & Madinier 2011 6512:Picard & Madinier 2011 5953:Picard & Madinier 2011 5699:Tanasaldy, Taufiq (2012). 5492:John, Guy (7 April 2014). 5312:Picard & Madinier 2011 4773:Hinduism in Southeast Asia 4666:Hindu temples in Indonesia 4415: 4235: 4229: 4218: 4151:, appears in many ancient 3916: 3912: 3907:Hindu temples in Indonesia 3860: 3832: 3797:was built on the slope of 1796:The most Hindu Regency in 1405: 1326: 1244: 1217: 1127:The sacred texts found in 981: 702: 554:on his return voyage from 448:", which can mean either “ 417: 413: 10217: 10176: 10136: 9880: 9794: 9708: 9643: 9501: 9463: 9454: 9382: 9373: 9238: 9229: 9185:Provincial highest points 9106: 9097: 9006: 7701:10.1007/s10745-016-9829-6 7249:10.1163/22134379-90003268 7111:. The Australian Museum. 6941:McCarthy, Daniel (1998). 6830:Bali Morning of the World 6318:10.1186/s40613-017-0056-x 6186:10.1017/S0022463405000238 6100:10.1017/S0021911808001769 6082:Ramstedt, Martin (2008). 6033:10.1163/22134379-90003943 6015:BAKKER, FREEK L. (1997). 4365:Samara Vijayatunggavarman 4221:List of Indonesian Hindus 3869:, the art and culture of 3867:Islamization of Indonesia 3693:), which is mentioned in 1859:Civil registration (2018) 795:orang yang belum beragama 247: 242: 211: 206: 180: 175: 165: 155: 145: 135: 125: 115: 105: 100: 82: 77: 49: 40: 9939:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 9243:Administrative divisions 8803:. Taylor & Francis. 8694:Pringle, Robert (2004). 8438:Martin Ramstedt (2004). 8415:, p. 10 (page end). 8363:Bali: A Paradise Created 8033:Calendrical Calculations 6539:Cendekiawan Hindu bicara 5780:Pringle, Robert (2010). 5129:U.S. Department of State 4829: 4405:Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung 4190:There are many names of 3817:Hindu population in the 3200:Bangka Belitung Islands 2004:Bangka Belitung Islands 1752:people on the island of 841:Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa 346:Ministry of Home Affairs 10199:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7364:, pp. 21-83 and 142-173 7230:HOWE, L. E. A. (1989). 7140:Bali: Rangda and Barong 7104:Forge, Anthony (1978). 6664:Reuter, Thomas (2001). 6644:www.rudraksha-ratna.com 5537:10.3406/befeo.1998.2545 5471:10.1525/nr.2010.14.1.93 4902:"Religion in Indonesia" 3855:Government of Indonesia 3755:temple on the slope of 1023:in Indonesian Hinduism. 632:) of Hinduism. Ancient 9417:Science and technology 9258:Regencies & Cities 8316:Cite journal requires 7806:2010 Indonesian census 6747:sinta.ristekbrin.go.id 6620:. Sambali.blogspot.com 5220:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 5177:Damle & Damle 2020 5019:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012 4642:Mataram/Medang Kingdom 4514:Sukmawati Sukarnoputri 4254: 4120: 4044: 3842: 3744: 3686: 3596: 3521: 3066:Official Census (2000) 2321: 2313: 2300:Official Census (2010) 1829:Parigi Moutong Regency 1801: 1653: 1589:era. For the Tengger, 1566: 1554:Tengger Hindus of Java 1515: 1460: 1421: 1382:or "Deva" (warriors), 1362:Balinese Hindu society 1263: 1024: 1008: 837: 789: 772:Hinduism in modern era 724:Muslim traders of the 718: 693:Indonesian archipelago 586: 483:Indonesian Archipelago 478: 426:Indonesian Archipelago 324: 34:Hinduisme di Indonesia 10268:Religion in Indonesia 10258:Hinduism in Indonesia 9026:Hinduism-Buddhism era 8884:Hinduism in Indonesia 8729:. Suruchi Prakashan. 8700:. Allen & Unwin. 7604:10.31291/hn.v12i2.710 7591:Heritage of Nusantara 7518:10.4000/moussons.2406 6868:, p. chapter-vi. 6274:www.hinduismtoday.com 5625:. BRILL. p. 14. 5373:Soekmono, R. (1973). 5061:Encyclopedia of Islam 4808:Religion in Indonesia 4538:Hinduism in Indonesia 4245: 4118: 4035: 3840: 3732: 3648: 3606:Parisada Hindu Dharma 3576: 3550:palm-leaf manuscripts 3511: 2552:Kep. Bangka Belitung 2319: 2311: 1870:Province (2018 Cen.) 1791: 1644: 1561: 1526:art and culture. The 1513: 1458: 1415: 1299:calendar is known as 1254: 1241:Balinese Hindu temple 1014: 995: 922:Islamic organizations 824: 779: 766:Dutch colonial empire 712: 628:revered deity Wisnu ( 624:sites, suggests that 580: 475: 313:Indonesian government 298: 30:Hinduism in Indonesia 10114:United Arab Emirates 9160:Environmental issues 8527:www.jstage.jst.go.jp 8424:F.K. Bakker (1997), 8390:. 7 September 2016. 7940:"Calendar Of Events" 7479:"Osing in Indonesia" 7339:, pp. 198–199; 6856:, p. Chapter-v. 6536:Setia, Putu (1992). 6143:, p. 17, 19-21. 5352:. BRILL. p. 1. 4798:Indians in Indonesia 4714:Indonesia portal 4574:identified as Hindus 4300:Arjayadengjayaketana 3938:Pura Taman Saraswati 3699:Maharishi Markandeya 3609:changed its name to 3326:Nusa Tenggara Timur 3312:Nusa Tenggara Barat 3088:Province (2000 Cen) 2758:Nusa Tenggara Timur 1815:district (66.3%) in 1647:Sri Mariamman Temple 1605:Osing Hindus of Java 1562:Pura Luhur Poten in 675:; the text includes 651:temple, followed by 574:of the Java island. 10273:Hinduism by country 10263:Hindu denominations 10140:limited recognition 9081:New Order (1966–98) 9041:VOC era (1603–1800) 8174:, pp. 89–123; 7993:, pp. 196–198. 7782:on 3 September 2020 7137:Belo, Jane (1966). 7091:Woodcarving of Bali 7006:1999JHA....30..407D 6280:on 12 November 2020 5559:Simanjuntak, Truman 5013:(1739): 2761–2768. 4703:Hinduism portal 4494:Swami Anand Krishna 4450:Dang Hyang Nirartha 4395:Śri Wijaya Mahadewi 4390:Sri Baduga Maharaja 4340:Isyana Tunggawijaya 4251:Hindu Sunda kingdom 3695:Balinese literature 3537:Hari Raya Saraswati 3438:Southeast Sulawesi 3354:Central Kalimantan 2818:Kalimantan Selatan 2737:Nusa Tenggara Barat 2242:Southeast Sulawesi 2158:Central Kalimantan 2130:East Nusa Tenggara 2116:West Nusa Tenggara 1837:Tana Toraja Regency 1497:World Heritage Site 1434:Indian subcontinent 1123:and Batara-Batari). 566:of King Sanjaya as 524:Canggal inscription 494:. Stories from the 468:Arrival of Hinduism 392:Hindus in the world 301:Indonesian district 37: 10283:Hinduism and Islam 9427:Telecommunications 9138:Biosphere reserves 8768:(3 January 2018). 7925:Focus on Indonesia 7845:2012-04-25 at the 7821:. sp2010.bps.go.id 7343:, pp. 78–90; 7065:Indonesia Handbook 6565:, p. 111-114. 6441:10.1093/jhs/hit030 5939:, pp. 15–16; 5859:has generic name ( 5619:(1 January 1975). 5606:, pp. 98–103. 5602:, pp. 89–93; 5346:(1 January 1975). 5326:, pp. 11–24; 5151:Focus on Indonesia 4763:Candi of Indonesia 4572:Aliran Kepercayaan 4370:Sanjaya of Mataram 4315:Dalem Baturenggong 4255: 4129:Indonesian history 4121: 4045: 3883:Indonesian Muslims 3843: 3745: 3687: 3597: 3526:Hari Raya Galungan 3522: 2798:Kalimantan Tengah 2322: 2314: 1835:, Mappak (50%) in 1802: 1654: 1567: 1516: 1501:Indonesian history 1461: 1450:Straits of Malacca 1422: 1323:Balinese Hindu art 1264: 1227:Agama Hindu Dharma 1129:Agama Hindu Dharma 1079:, and even in the 1054:Sang Hyang Acintya 1029:Agama Hindu Dharma 1025: 1009: 966:In February 2020, 790: 719: 587: 479: 344:data in 2023 from 342:civil registration 325: 127:West Nusa Tenggara 117:Central Kalimantan 29: 10245: 10244: 10182:other territories 9874:Hinduism in Asia 9840: 9839: 9790: 9789: 9478:Human trafficking 9450: 9449: 9369: 9368: 9360:Wawasan Nusantara 9344:Political parties 9285:Foreign relations 9225: 9224: 8906:Hindu-raditya.com 8859:9-780-691-02856-9 8832:9-781-571-81327-5 8810:978-1-000-21703-2 8781:978-1-317-24221-5 8766:Hefner, Robert W. 8757:978-1-136-72640-8 8736:978-93-81500-47-7 8707:978-1-74115-277-7 8678:978-1-135-79052-3 8478:978-0-7619-2729-7 8451:978-0-7007-1533-6 8373:978-1-4629-0008-4 8276:978-0-8248-3052-6 8108:978-0-8248-2779-3 8043:978-0-521-88540-9 8016:978-0-945971-03-0 7977:978-1-4629-0873-8 7774:(in Indonesian). 7635:www.babadbali.com 7556:978-0-8442-9947-1 7483:joshuaproject.net 7477:Project, Joshua. 7396:. 8 February 2018 7167:978-0-8248-6210-7 7075:978-0-8442-4910-0 7048:978-0-8248-6210-7 6894:978-0-7946-0071-6 6840:978-1-4629-1359-6 6779:978-979-744-740-3 6728:978-3-662-48159-2 6705:, pp. 91–95. 6577:, pp. 71–72. 6549:978-979-8357-00-8 6514:, pp. 56–72. 6502:, pp. 58–61. 6469:. 3 February 2020 6410:, pp. 78–79. 6353:978-0-19-539589-1 6255:978-90-04-17026-1 6203:on 28 August 2006 6155:, pp. 17–20. 6131:, pp. 57–56. 6072:, pp. 17–18. 6005:, pp. 12–16. 5967:, pp. 34–37. 5955:, pp. 56–74. 5943:, pp. 78–81. 5927:, pp. 13–15. 5887:978-0-300-10518-6 5840:978-0-87779-044-0 5797:978-0-8248-3415-9 5766:978-1-316-18436-3 5739:978-0-691-13484-0 5712:978-90-04-25348-3 5632:978-90-04-04330-5 5574:978-979-26-2499-1 5505:978-1-58839-524-5 5430:978-0-7425-6762-7 5403:978-0-7425-6762-7 5359:978-90-04-04330-5 5330:, pp. 23–26. 5314:, pp. 67–71. 5286:978-981-4517-82-9 5233:978-1-57607-770-2 5206:978-0-8242-1094-6 5179:, pp. 76–89. 5110:978-0-8108-7456-5 5075:978-1-4381-2696-8 4976:www.buddhanet.net 4957:978-0-7619-2729-7 4944:SAGE Publications 4758:Balinese Hinduism 4748: 4747: 4567:Javanese Hinduism 4562:Balinese Hinduism 4499:Sri Prakash Lohia 4467:Modern-day Hindus 4412:Religious leaders 4026:Pura Jagat Natha. 3793:, a Hindu temple 3501: 3500: 3410:Central Sulawesi 3368:South Kalimantan 3063: 3062: 2923:Sulawesi Tenggara 2838:Kalimantan Timur 2778:Kalimantan Barat 2490:Sumatera Selatan 2297: 2296: 2214:Central Sulawesi 2172:South Kalimantan 1825:Balinggi district 1666:Kalimantan Tengah 1660:adherents of the 1388:(merchants), and 1220:Balinese Hinduism 1214:Balinese Hinduism 1209:Forms of Hinduism 1090:, consisting of: 1005:Balinese Hinduism 988:Balinese Hinduism 804:Balinese Hinduism 691:, influenced the 665:Javanese language 438:ancestral spirits 378:Majapahit empires 317:Tenggerese Hindus 293: 292: 192:Javanese Hinduism 188:Balinese Hinduism 16:(Redirected from 10290: 10235: 10225: 10224: 10194:Christmas Island 9882:Sovereign states 9867: 9860: 9853: 9844: 9843: 9810: 9803: 9461: 9460: 9380: 9379: 9322:National capital 9236: 9235: 9104: 9103: 8989: 8982: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8957: 8956: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8924: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8893: 8891:Hindu Council UK 8886: 8871: 8849: 8836: 8823: 8820:Bali and Beyond 8814: 8793: 8761: 8740: 8719: 8690: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8497:www.bali3000.com 8489: 8483: 8482: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8435: 8429: 8422: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8319: 8314: 8312: 8304: 8302: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8194:The Jakarta Post 8185: 8179: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8153:on 16 March 2008 8149:. 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Balispirit.com 8054: 8048: 8047: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7944:Bali Local Guide 7936: 7930: 7929: 7920: 7914: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7855: 7849: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7815: 7809: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7751:sp2010.bps.go.id 7743: 7724: 7723: 7713: 7703: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7665:Jurnal Perikanan 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7561: 7560: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7520: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7365: 7354: 7348: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7305: 7299: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7251: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7117: 7110: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7032: 7026: 7025: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6938: 6932: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6878: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6824: 6815: 6814: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6467:The Jakarta Post 6459: 6453: 6452: 6420: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6276:. 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Archived from 6171: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6094:(4): 1227–1250. 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5984:. 18 August 2020 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5844: 5824: 5818: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5696: 5690: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5613: 5607: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5450: 5435: 5434: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5340: 5331: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5266: 5260: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5038: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4898: 4882: 4855: 4849: 4840: 4783:Hinduism in Bali 4768:Hinduism in Java 4740: 4733: 4726: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4637:Kalingga Kingdom 4595:Indian Influence 4548: 4525: 4524: 4325:Dalem Samprangan 4173:Garuda Indonesia 4167:, supervised by 4159:was designed by 4157:Garuda Pancasila 4137:Garuda Pancasila 4037:Garuda Pancasila 4022: 4001: 3984: 3962: 3929: 3889:, especially in 3879:modern Indonesia 3807:Pakuan Pajajaran 3736:Hindu temple at 3382:East Kalimantan 3340:West Kalimantan 3256:D.I. Yogyakarta 3085: 3084: 2901:Sulawesi Selatan 2324: 2323: 2186:East Kalimantan 2144:West Kalimantan 2060:D.I. Yogyakarta 1867: 1866: 1833:Central Sulawesi 1817:Pasuruan Regency 1575:Majapahit Empire 1416:The 9th century 1408:Hinduism in Java 1402:Hinduism in Java 1370:(four varnas) - 1301:Pawukon calendar 1262:offering in Bali 1187:Catur Purusartha 1110:, the destroyer. 1103:, the preserver. 1086:A belief in the 1083:lore of Muslims. 1019:", an aspect of 918:Hindu Kaharingan 835: 319:distribution in 257:Spoken Languages 147:Central Sulawesi 87: 86: 78:Total population 54: 45: 38: 36: 28: 21: 18:Hinduism in Bali 10298: 10297: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10288: 10287: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10213: 10181: 10172: 10153:Northern Cyprus 10139: 10132: 9876: 9871: 9841: 9836: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9786: 9777:Personification 9704: 9639: 9620:Public holidays 9605:National heroes 9497: 9446: 9365: 9221: 9190:Natural history 9093: 9031:Spread of Islam 9002: 8993: 8963: 8951: 8941: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8919: 8911: 8904: 8897: 8889: 8882: 8879: 8874: 8860: 8847: 8846:Hindu Javanese 8833: 8821: 8811: 8782: 8758: 8737: 8708: 8679: 8660: 8658:Further reading 8655: 8647: 8643: 8633: 8631: 8630:(in Indonesian) 8622: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8605: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8578:on 9 April 2012 8570: 8569: 8565: 8557: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8491: 8490: 8486: 8479: 8463: 8459: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8423: 8419: 8411: 8407: 8397: 8395: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8317: 8315: 8306: 8305: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8252:. January 2015. 8248: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8218: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8182: 8178:, pp. 137. 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8109: 8093: 8089: 8077: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8028: 8024: 8017: 8001: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7866:on 31 July 2010 7856: 7852: 7847:Wayback Machine 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7803: 7799: 7785: 7783: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7745: 7744: 7727: 7680: 7676: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7616: 7612: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7564: 7557: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7511:(22): 111–124. 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7475: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7368: 7355: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7306: 7302: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7228: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7152: 7148: 7135: 7131: 7121: 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5720: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5614: 5610: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5556: 5552: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5451: 5438: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5404: 5388: 5384: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5341: 5334: 5322: 5318: 5310: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5267: 5263: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5076: 5056: 5052: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4934: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4875:Balinese temple 4873:as compared to 4856: 4852: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4813:Sanskritization 4744: 4708: 4706: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4621: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4600:Sanskritisation 4589: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4556: 4523: 4518: 4469: 4464: 4420: 4414: 4409: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4175:, the national 4161:Sultan Hamid II 4113: 4090:Balinese Hindus 4086:Balinese temple 4074:Javanese Hindus 4028: 4027: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3930: 3921: 3915: 3863: 3835: 3823:Prabu Siliwangi 3819:Greater Jakarta 3726:into an empire. 3571: 3561:Hari Raya Nyepi 3506: 3424:South Sulawesi 3396:North Sulawesi 3068: 2964:Sulawesi Barat 2879:Sulawesi Tengah 2858:Sulawesi Utara 2572:Kepulauan Riau 2430:Sumatera Barat 2302: 2228:South Sulawesi 2200:North Sulawesi 1861: 1786: 1772:is celebrated. 1639: 1627:Balinese people 1619:Balinese people 1607: 1556: 1410: 1404: 1364: 1331: 1325: 1305:Balinese Hindus 1268:Balinese temple 1260:Balinese temple 1249: 1247:Balinese temple 1243: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1183:Balinese Hindus 999:is the Supreme 990: 980: 914:Javanese Hindus 854:Djuanda Cabinet 836: 833: 828: 827: 774: 707: 701: 596:East Kalimantan 509:Tantu Pagelaran 470: 422: 416: 315:and also show 288: 264: 259: 255: 250: 237: 224: 195: 186: 92: 73: 32: 31: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10296: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10229: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10185: 10183: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10144: 10142: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9870: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9812: 9811: 9804: 9796: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9762:Floral emblems 9759: 9758: 9757: 9747: 9745:Faunal emblems 9742: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9725: 9720: 9714: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9660: 9655: 9649: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9507: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9422:Stock Exchange 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9363: 9356: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9324: 9319: 9309: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9203: 9202: 9197: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9143:National parks 9140: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9126:Climate change 9118: 9113: 9107: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9091: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9012: 9010: 9004: 9003: 8992: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8969: 8962: 8961: 8949: 8937: 8917: 8916: 8909: 8902: 8895: 8887: 8878: 8877:External links 8875: 8873: 8872: 8858: 8841:Hefner, Robert 8837: 8831: 8815: 8809: 8794: 8780: 8762: 8756: 8741: 8735: 8720: 8706: 8691: 8677: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8653: 8641: 8628:Tribunnews.com 8615: 8589: 8572:"State Emblem" 8563: 8561:, p. 198. 8559:Yamashita 2003 8551: 8539: 8514: 8484: 8477: 8457: 8450: 8430: 8417: 8405: 8379: 8372: 8352: 8327: 8318:|journal= 8291:"ResearchGate" 8282: 8275: 8255: 8241: 8211: 8188:Devi, Sita W. 8180: 8164: 8138: 8126: 8114: 8107: 8087: 8084:978-9796865710 8071: 8049: 8042: 8022: 8015: 7995: 7983: 7976: 7956: 7931: 7915: 7899: 7877: 7850: 7832: 7810: 7797: 7763: 7725: 7694:(3): 311–327. 7674: 7647: 7622: 7610: 7577: 7562: 7555: 7532: 7495: 7469: 7433: 7407: 7381: 7366: 7362:978-0300105186 7349: 7347:, pp. 41. 7329: 7327:, p. 781. 7317: 7313:978-0824824501 7300: 7296:978-0889369207 7283: 7271: 7222: 7197: 7185: 7181:Yamashita 2003 7173: 7166: 7146: 7129: 7096: 7081: 7074: 7054: 7047: 7027: 7000:(4): 407–409. 6980: 6959:10.1086/384162 6953:(4): 703–704. 6933: 6929:978-0791077771 6916: 6900: 6893: 6870: 6858: 6846: 6839: 6816: 6785: 6778: 6759: 6734: 6727: 6707: 6695: 6676:(3): 327–338. 6656: 6631: 6608: 6579: 6575:Yamashita 2003 6567: 6555: 6548: 6528: 6524:Yamashita 2003 6516: 6504: 6500:Yamashita 2003 6492: 6488:Yamashita 2003 6480: 6454: 6435:(3): 333–362. 6412: 6400: 6359: 6352: 6332: 6291: 6261: 6254: 6234: 6214: 6157: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6074: 6062: 6007: 5995: 5969: 5957: 5945: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5893: 5886: 5866: 5839: 5819: 5816:978-9813018587 5803: 5796: 5772: 5765: 5745: 5738: 5718: 5711: 5691: 5687:978-0691134840 5674: 5638: 5631: 5608: 5592: 5580: 5573: 5550: 5511: 5504: 5484: 5436: 5429: 5409: 5402: 5382: 5365: 5358: 5332: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5285: 5261: 5239: 5232: 5212: 5205: 5181: 5169: 5141: 5116: 5109: 5089: 5074: 5050: 4993: 4963: 4956: 4928: 4916: 4907: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4850: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4504:I Wayan Koster 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4445:Mangku Muriati 4442: 4440:D. Kumaraswamy 4437: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4247:King Siliwangi 4227: 4224: 4216: 4215:Notable Hindus 4213: 4212: 4211: 4188: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4093: 4077: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4017: 4015: 4012:, in a temple. 4004: 4003: 3996: 3994: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3977: 3965: 3964: 3957: 3955: 3934:Balinese Hindu 3932: 3931: 3924: 3917:Main article: 3914: 3911: 3877:. Even in the 3862: 3859: 3834: 3831: 3683:police officer 3570: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3558: 3534: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3158:South Sumatra 3155: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3102:North Sumatra 3099: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2652:DI Yogyakarta 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2409:Sumatera Utara 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1962:South Sumatra 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906:North Sumatra 1903: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1860: 1857: 1845:South Sulawesi 1841:South Sulawesi 1794:Bangli Regency 1785: 1782: 1712:ethnic group, 1638: 1635: 1606: 1603: 1555: 1552: 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1396:Balinese Hindu 1363: 1360: 1327:Main article: 1324: 1321: 1245:Main article: 1242: 1239: 1218:Main article: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1125: 1124: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1096:, the creator. 1084: 1057: 1052:Tunggal', or ' 1015:Sculpture of " 979: 976: 926:Nahdatul Ulama 831: 773: 770: 700: 697: 634:Hindu kingdoms 606:, and Holing ( 504:Andhra Pradesh 469: 466: 415: 412: 291: 290: 245: 244: 240: 239: 209: 208: 204: 203: 178: 177: 173: 172: 169: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 149: 143: 142: 139: 133: 132: 129: 123: 122: 119: 113: 112: 109: 103: 102: 98: 97: 80: 79: 75: 74: 62:Besakih Temple 55: 47: 46: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10295: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10228: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10179: 10175: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10163:South Ossetia 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10135: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9868: 9863: 9861: 9856: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9845: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9809: 9805: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9658:Ethnic groups 9656: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9513: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9245: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150:Deforestation 9148: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9088: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8976: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8914: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8881: 8880: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8851: 8850: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8824: 8816: 8812: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8777: 8774:. Routledge. 8773: 8772: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8753: 8750:. Routledge. 8749: 8748: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8728: 8727: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8699: 8698: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8671:. Routledge. 8670: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8651:, p. 31. 8650: 8645: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8604: 8600: 8593: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8560: 8555: 8549:, p. 56. 8548: 8543: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8488: 8480: 8474: 8470: 8469: 8461: 8453: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8434: 8427: 8421: 8414: 8409: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8375: 8369: 8365: 8364: 8356: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8323: 8310: 8301: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8278: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8259: 8251: 8245: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8173: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8135: 8130: 8124:, p. 17. 8123: 8118: 8110: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8091: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8059: 8053: 8045: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8026: 8018: 8012: 8008: 8007: 7999: 7992: 7991:Ramstedt 2005 7987: 7979: 7973: 7969: 7968: 7960: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7927: 7926: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7848: 7844: 7841: 7836: 7820: 7814: 7807: 7801: 7794: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7688:Human Ecology 7685: 7678: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7660: 7651: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7619: 7614: 7605: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7567: 7558: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7437: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7346: 7342: 7341:Ramstedt 2005 7338: 7333: 7326: 7321: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7297: 7293: 7287: 7281:, p. 67. 7280: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7189: 7183:, p. 68. 7182: 7177: 7169: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7150: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7085: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7058: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6984: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6912: 6911: 6904: 6896: 6890: 6886: 6885: 6877: 6875: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6850: 6842: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6823: 6821: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6789: 6781: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6763: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6730: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6704: 6703:Ramstedt 2005 6699: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6619: 6612: 6597:. 30 May 2018 6596: 6592: 6586: 6584: 6576: 6571: 6564: 6559: 6551: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6532: 6526:, p. 70. 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6490:, p. 56. 6489: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6417: 6409: 6404: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6295: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6257: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6238: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6153:Ramstedt 2005 6149: 6142: 6141:Ramstedt 2005 6137: 6130: 6129:Ramstedt 2005 6125: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6070:Ramstedt 2005 6066: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6004: 6003:Ramstedt 2005 5999: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5966: 5965:Ramstedt 2005 5961: 5954: 5949: 5942: 5938: 5937:Ramstedt 2005 5933: 5926: 5925:Ramstedt 2005 5921: 5915:, p. 12. 5914: 5913:Ramstedt 2005 5909: 5902: 5901:Ramstedt 2005 5897: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5870: 5862: 5850: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5762: 5758: 5757: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5714: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5695: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5600:Ramstedt 2005 5596: 5590:, p. 91. 5589: 5584: 5576: 5570: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5531:(1): 87–123. 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5507: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5465:(1): 93–111. 5464: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5378: 5377: 5369: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5265: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5235: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5185: 5178: 5173: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5112: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4959: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4920: 4911: 4903: 4897: 4893: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4865:are found in 4864: 4860: 4854: 4848:constitution. 4846: 4839: 4835: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4704: 4694: 4693: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4632:Sunda Kingdom 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4614: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4582: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4484:Manoj Punjabi 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4233: 4222: 4209: 4208:Hindu deities 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4125:Hindu culture 4117: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3899:other islands 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875:Hindu culture 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3849: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:Sunda Kingdom 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3242:Central Java 3241: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3116:West Sumatra 3115: 3114: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3004:Maluku Utara 3003: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2046:Central Java 2045: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1920:West Sumatra 1919: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1781: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1599:Yadnya Kasada 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1512: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1221: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1159:). The epics 1158: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 985: 975: 972: 969: 964: 962: 959: 955: 951: 948: 944: 941: 937: 936:Sunda Wiwitan 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 885: 883: 878: 874: 872: 868: 863: 857: 855: 851: 847: 842: 830: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 796: 787: 786:Yadnya Kasada 783: 778: 769: 767: 762: 756: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 727: 723: 716: 713:The Balinese 711: 706: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 673:Agastya parva 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 622: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 584: 579: 575: 573: 569: 565: 564:Hindu kingdom 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 520: 515: 511: 510: 505: 502:and southern 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 474: 465: 463: 459: 456:”. In modern 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 421: 411: 409: 408:Hindu culture 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 366:folk religion 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 334:third-largest 331: 330: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 262: 258: 254: 253: 246: 241: 235: 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 210: 205: 202: 199: 193: 190:, revival of 189: 185: 184: 179: 174: 170: 168: 167:North Sumatra 164: 160: 158: 154: 150: 148: 144: 140: 138: 134: 130: 128: 124: 120: 118: 114: 110: 108: 104: 99: 96:of population 95: 90: 81: 76: 71: 67: 63: 59: 53: 48: 44: 39: 35: 27: 19: 10178:Dependencies 10109:Turkmenistan 10074:Saudi Arabia 9958: 9675:Homelessness 9645:Demographics 9585:Martial arts 9530: 9511:Architecture 9488:Prostitution 9358: 9326: 9290:Human rights 9275:Constitution 9133:Conservation 9089:(since 1998) 9086: 8845: 8819: 8799: 8770: 8746: 8725: 8696: 8667: 8649:Pringle 2004 8644: 8632:. Retrieved 8627: 8618: 8606:. 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Retrieved 4975: 4966: 4938: 4931: 4919: 4910: 4896: 4871:architecture 4862: 4859:Hindu temple 4857:Most of the 4853: 4838: 4627:Tarumanagara 4537: 4509:Dewa Budjana 4489:Raam Punjabi 4330:Dharmawangsa 4275:Adityawarman 4194:, including 4156: 4122: 4101: 4095: 4079: 4063: 4049:Hindu temple 4046: 3864: 3852: 3844: 3788: 3772:Islamization 3769: 3746: 3688: 3634:and prophet 3625: 3617:Gedong Bagus 3610: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3595:, West Java. 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3214:DKI Jakarta 3076: 3069: 3024:Papua Barat 2632:Jawa Tengah 2592:DKI Jakarta 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2352: 2348:% Hindu 2000 2347: 2343:% Hindu 2010 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2303: 2018:DKI Jakarta 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1862: 1806: 1803: 1784:Demographics 1774: 1702:Aluk To Dolo 1701: 1697: 1681: 1664:religion in 1655: 1631:caste system 1608: 1583:Hindu Dharma 1568: 1517: 1462: 1438:Tarumanagara 1423: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1368:catur wangsa 1367: 1365: 1356: 1332: 1329:Balinese art 1316: 1312: 1308: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276:Hindu temple 1271: 1265: 1226: 1223: 1186: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1128: 1126: 1043: 1033: 1028: 1026: 965: 930: 911: 886: 882:Hindu Dharma 879: 875: 858: 840: 838: 825: 794: 791: 757: 720: 672: 642: 626:Tarumanagara 619: 615: 612:Central Java 600:Tarumanagara 588: 583:Tarumanagara 567: 517: 507: 480: 442:supernatural 428:believed in 423: 386: 336:religion in 327: 326: 256: 248: 201: 181: 93: 88: 60:ceremony at 33: 26: 10237:Asia portal 10138:States with 10059:Philippines 9999:South Korea 9994:North Korea 9889:Afghanistan 9755:Subdivision 9738:Subdivision 9700:LGBT rights 9635:Video games 9387:Agriculture 9305:Enforcement 9155:Earthquakes 9021:Prehistoric 8413:Hefner 1990 8176:Hefner 1990 7912:0-945971036 7886:"Indonesia" 7786:15 November 7671:(1): 43–52. 7377:Hefner 2018 7337:Hefner 1990 7315:, Chapter 1 7298:, pp. 26-27 7279:Hefner 1990 7122:20 December 7093:. Periplus. 6595:India Today 5604:Hefner 2018 5588:Hefner 2018 5328:Hefner 2018 5255:, p. 1, at 5125:"Indonesia" 4946:. pp. 4474:Happy Salma 4460:Ketut Wiana 4416:Main page: 4350:Jayakatwang 4335:Hayam Wuruk 4320:Dalem Ketut 4285:Anak Wungsu 4270:Purnawarman 4230:Main page: 4219:Main page: 4192:Indonesians 3799:Mount Salak 3749:Karanganyar 3740:caldera in 3722:kingdom of 3681:, etc. The 3651:Indonesians 3569:Social life 3491:196,601,949 3466:Irian Jaya 3276:34,456,897 3248:30,775,846 3234:35,279,182 3108:11,429,919 2697:10,632,166 2677:37,476,757 2635:32,382,657 2615:43,053,732 2612:Jawa Barat 2413:12,982,204 2365:237,641,326 2270:West Papua 2091:10,868,810 2077:40,706,075 2049:36,614,603 2035:45,632,714 2021:11,011,862 1909:14,908,036 1890:266,534,836 1827:(77.3%) of 1778:Kai Islands 1766:Cakranegara 1764:especially 1591:Mount Bromo 1564:Mount Bromo 1540:Mahabharata 1532:wayang wong 1376:(priests), 1179:Catur Marga 1162:Mahabharata 1156:Mahabharata 1017:Batara Guru 971:Joko Widodo 956:Budho, and 950:Aluk Todolo 782:Mount Bromo 496:Mahabharata 340:, based on 263:(official), 234:Mahabharata 10252:Categories 10119:Uzbekistan 10094:Tajikistan 10009:Kyrgyzstan 9989:Kazakhstan 9909:Bangladesh 9899:Azerbaijan 9733:Historical 9668:Healthcare 9615:Properties 9580:Literature 9532:Rumah adat 9392:Automotive 9300:Censorship 9248:Historical 8868:1166968690 8790:1018083561 8716:1098586627 8687:1037796224 8634:6 February 8608:6 February 8547:KUMAR 2014 8398:6 February 8345:8 February 8234:8 February 8204:8 February 8172:KUMAR 2014 8157:8 February 8134:KUMAR 2014 7949:8 February 7756:6 February 7640:8 February 7488:7 February 7462:7 February 7426:7 February 7400:7 February 7345:KUMAR 2014 7215:7 February 6752:7 February 6649:7 February 6601:7 February 6473:7 February 6408:KUMAR 2014 6393:7 February 6284:7 February 6207:26 October 5988:7 February 5667:6 February 5617:Gonda, Jan 5344:Gonda, Jan 5259:, pp. 1-54 5084:1126059704 4986:7 February 4843:Indonesia 4825:References 4647:Singhasari 4555:Variations 4455:Sabdapalon 4425:Ratu Bagus 4385:Mpu Sindok 4360:Jayapangus 4355:Jayanegara 4290:Agung Anom 4265:Mulavarman 4236:See also: 4200:Christians 4147:) of Lord 3887:Christians 3809:in modern 3757:Mount Lawu 3716:Gajah Mada 3632:Hindu king 3628:Blambangan 3621:Mt. Semeru 3472:2,094,803 3452:Gorontalo 3444:1,755,193 3430:7,759,574 3416:2,053,167 3402:1,972,813 3388:2,414,989 3374:2,956,784 3360:1,785,875 3346:3,721,368 3332:3,904,373 3318:3,805,537 3304:3,112,331 3301:2,740,314 3290:7,967,473 3270:East Java 3262:3,026,209 3228:West Java 3220:8,482,068 3192:6,631,686 3178:1,396,687 3164:6,756,564 3150:2,386,866 3136:4,676,025 3122:4,220,318 3080:Kalimantan 3047:2,833,381 3007:1,038,087 2987:1,533,506 2967:1,158,651 2947:1,040,164 2944:Gorontalo 2927:2,232,586 2905:8,034,776 2883:2,635,009 2861:2,270,596 2841:3,553,143 2821:3,626,616 2801:2,212,089 2781:4,395,983 2761:4,683,827 2741:4,500,212 2722:3,247,283 2719:3,890,757 2673:Jawa Timur 2655:3,457,491 2595:9,607,787 2575:1,679,163 2555:1,223,296 2535:7,608,405 2513:1,715,518 2493:7,450,394 2473:3,092,265 2453:5,538,367 2433:4,846,909 2391:4,494,410 2338:Hindu 2010 2287:4,346,593 2273:1,148,154 2259:1,181,531 2256:Gorontalo 2245:1,755,193 2231:9,117,380 2217:2,969,475 2203:2,645,118 2189:3,155,252 2175:2,956,784 2161:2,577,215 2147:5,427,418 2133:5,426,418 2119:3,805,537 2108:3,682,484 2105:4,236,983 2074:East Java 2063:3,645,487 2032:West Java 2007:1,394,483 1993:9,044,962 1979:2,001,578 1965:8,267,779 1951:3,491,764 1937:6,149,692 1923:5,542,994 1676:people of 1662:Kaharingan 1544:Tenggerese 1493:Yogyakarta 1481:Singhasari 1270:is called 1137:Upanishads 1034:panca sila 982:See also: 954:Tenggerese 898:Karo Batak 892:people of 808:Catur Veda 753:Kalimantan 741:Marco Polo 703:See also: 657:Singhasari 638:irrigation 572:Kedu Plain 500:Tamil Nadu 488:Vaisnavism 458:Indonesian 418:See also: 404:Bangladesh 305:Kaharingan 282:Tenggerese 261:Indonesian 238:and others 217:Upanishads 207:Scriptures 194:(majority) 10204:Hong Kong 10158:Palestine 10084:Sri Lanka 10079:Singapore 9959:Indonesia 9772:Nusantara 9680:Languages 9653:Education 9600:Mythology 9570:Festivals 9437:Transport 9349:President 9328:Pancasila 9280:Elections 9263:Districts 9253:Provinces 9217:Volcanoes 9180:Mountains 9099:Geography 9087:Reformasi 8996:Indonesia 8947:Indonesia 7793:237641326 7527:1620-3224 7457:0261-3077 7258:0006-2294 7022:126134279 6967:0021-1753 6811:2685-614X 6690:1757-6547 6449:1756-4255 6383:0971-751X 6374:The Hindu 6327:2196-8802 6311:(1): 20. 6108:1752-0401 6057:162277591 6041:0006-2294 5849:cite book 5705:. BRILL. 5689:, pp. xvi 5662:0971-751X 5653:The Hindu 5545:129818020 5479:1092-6690 5247:Jan Gonda 5027:0962-8452 4889:Citations 4818:Trisandya 4652:Majapahit 4380:Siliwangi 4295:Anusapati 4280:Airlangga 4181:Indonesia 4165:Pontianak 4111:Symbolism 4057:Indonesia 4053:Indonesia 4010:Indonesia 3989:Prambanan 3942:Sarasvati 3871:Indonesia 3805:capital, 3791:West Java 3784:Prambanan 3776:East Java 3765:Surakarta 3742:East Java 3724:Majapahit 3708:Majapahit 3579:Sundanese 3546:Shatarupa 3486:3,527,758 3481:Indonesia 3172:Bengkulu 2510:Bengkulu 2370:4,012,116 2360:Indonesia 1976:Bengkulu 1895:4,646,357 1885:Indonesia 1851:(14%) in 1758:Samarinda 1742:Thaipusam 1734:Deepavali 1730:Gujaratis 1718:Malayalis 1587:Majapahit 1524:Sundanese 1489:Prambanan 1485:Majapahit 1418:Prambanan 1317:buta kala 1313:Tabuh Rah 1099:Wisnu or 1077:Kebatinan 968:President 933:Sundanese 924:like the 812:Upanishad 689:Majapahit 649:Prambanan 604:West Java 454:ancestral 388:Indonesia 374:Srivijaya 362:syncretic 358:Indonesia 338:Indonesia 321:East Java 278:Sundanese 243:Languages 176:Religions 157:East Java 111:3,682,484 89:4,728,954 70:Indonesia 10227:Category 10148:Abkhazia 10099:Thailand 10054:Pakistan 10034:Mongolia 10029:Maldives 10024:Malaysia 9924:Cambodia 9817:Category 9690:Refugees 9685:Religion 9610:Painting 9521:Colonial 9468:Abortion 9397:Aviation 9312:Military 9231:Politics 9016:Timeline 9000:articles 8959:Religion 8935:Hinduism 8913:Desadaat 8843:(1990). 8582:23 March 8501:Archived 8471:. SAGE. 8392:Archived 8228:Archived 8224:Touropia 8198:Archived 7843:Archived 7720:27445428 7266:27863998 7113:Archived 6931:, pp. 66 6387:Archived 6225:(2001). 6116:46562270 6049:27864809 5982:Bali.com 5561:(2006). 5045:22438500 4980:Archived 4778:Dewi Sri 4705:• 4530:a series 4528:Part of 4521:See also 4435:Jayabaya 4345:Jayabaya 4310:Balitung 4305:Ken Arok 4260:Kudungga 4226:Monarchs 4204:Sanskrit 3936:temple, 3815:Balinese 3704:Trowulan 3691:Glenmore 3636:Jayabaya 3531:Kuningan 3514:Galungan 3458:833,720 3357:105,256 3315:115,297 3206:945,682 3186:Lampung 3097:% Hindu 3027:760,422 2744:118,083 2680:112,177 2538:113,512 2328:Province 2220:109,308 2164:155,595 2122:128,600 2080:107,971 1996:127,903 1990:Lampung 1879:% Hindu 1807:Outside 1748:sect of 1698:Tolotang 1694:Sulawesi 1690:Torajans 1670:Manusela 1615:Balinese 1536:Ramayana 1520:Javanese 1465:Kalingga 1373:brahmana 1168:Ramayana 1153:and the 1150:Ramayana 1147:(mainly 1143:and the 1131:are the 1106:Çiwa or 1088:Trimurti 1073:Mahadeva 1061:Smartism 984:Hinduism 943:Tolotang 940:Buginese 894:Sulawesi 867:Sulawesi 862:Hinduism 832:— 621:Batujaya 608:Kalingga 514:Sanskrit 434:dynamism 394:, after 370:Buddhist 354:Hinduism 329:Hinduism 309:Sulawesi 270:Javanese 266:Balinese 252:Sanskrit 230:Ramayana 228:(mainly 183:Hinduism 10124:Vietnam 10039:Myanmar 10019:Lebanon 9949:Georgia 9904:Bahrain 9894:Armenia 9827:Gallery 9801:Outline 9723:Costume 9710:Symbols 9630:Theatre 9575:Legends 9560:Cuisine 9555:Costume 9526:Mosques 9503:Culture 9493:Smoking 9456:Society 9432:Tourism 9412:History 9375:Economy 9316:Babinsa 9270:Cabinet 9207:Regions 9170:Islands 9165:Geology 9121:Climate 9111:Borders 9008:History 8921:Portals 8064:19 July 7892:19 July 7870:19 July 7711:4937095 7002:Bibcode 6799:Ornamen 6624:19 July 6194:1636786 5164:2116026 5036:3367776 4753:Acintya 4479:Ade Rai 4196:Muslims 4177:airline 4169:Sukarno 3913:Temples 3881:, many 3865:Before 3861:Culture 3848:tourism 3833:Tourism 3738:Tengger 3734:Tengger 3554:Pawukon 3441:52,103 3427:87,660 3413:99,443 3399:10,994 3307:88.05% 3284:Banten 3273:92,930 3245:28,677 3217:19,331 3189:95,458 3161:17,874 3105:68,907 3091:Hindus 3059:-0.07% 3039:-0.57% 2984:Maluku 2979:-0.50% 2970:16,042 2939:-0.93% 2930:45,441 2917:-0.40% 2908:58,393 2895:-1.06% 2886:99,579 2864:13,133 2824:16,064 2813:-5.39% 2804:11,149 2793:-0.02% 2773:-0.04% 2753:-0.41% 2731:-4.59% 2728:88.05% 2725:83.46% 2694:Banten 2647:-0.04% 2638:17,448 2618:19,481 2607:-0.02% 2598:20,364 2587:-0.28% 2531:Lampung 2496:39,206 2465:-0.07% 2416:80,644 2403:-0.01% 2248:50,065 2234:63,652 2206:15,525 2178:23,252 2111:86.91% 2088:Banten 2055:0.043% 2052:15,648 2038:17,017 2024:20,216 1968:40,319 1943:0.012% 1929:0.002% 1912:88,346 1876:Hindus 1849:Mataram 1792:Map of 1726:Sindhis 1722:Telugus 1680:follow 1623:puputan 1571:Tengger 1469:Mataram 1442:Jakarta 1430:Sumatra 1379:satriya 1231:Puranas 1145:Itihasa 1141:Puranas 997:Acintya 947:Torajan 902:Sumatra 850:Sukarno 820:Itihasa 816:Puranas 784:during 726:Shafi'i 685:Vedanta 681:Samkhya 677:puranas 669:Agastya 645:Mataram 616:Cibuaya 552:Fa Hien 536:Ganesha 532:Parvati 519:Chandis 430:animism 414:History 332:is the 249:Sacred 226:Itihasa 221:Puranas 161:107,971 151:109,308 141:127,903 137:Lampung 131:128,600 121:155,595 10168:Taiwan 10104:Turkey 10069:Russia 10004:Kuwait 9984:Jordan 9974:Israel 9934:Cyprus 9919:Brunei 9914:Bhutan 9822:Portal 9728:Emblem 9718:Anthem 9663:Health 9550:Cinema 9483:Piracy 9407:Energy 9339:Police 9212:Rivers 9116:Cities 8998: 8866: 8856: 8829: 8807: 8788: 8778: 8754: 8733: 8714: 8704: 8685: 8675: 8475: 8448: 8370: 8273: 8105: 8082: 8040: 8013: 7974: 7910: 7825:27 May 7718: 7708: 7553: 7525: 7455: 7421:Medium 7360: 7311: 7294: 7264: 7256: 7164: 7072: 7045: 7020: 6975:236740 6973: 6965: 6927: 6891: 6837: 6809: 6776: 6725: 6688: 6546: 6447: 6381: 6350: 6325: 6252: 6192: 6114: 6106: 6055: 6047: 6039: 5884: 5837: 5814: 5794: 5763: 5736: 5709: 5685: 5660: 5629: 5571: 5543: 5502: 5477: 5427: 5400: 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