44:
volumes and masses. Often such systems were closely tied to one field of use, so that volume measures used, for example, for dry grains were unrelated to those for liquids, with neither bearing any particular relationship to units of length used for measuring cloth or land. With development of manufacturing technologies, and the growing importance of trade between communities and ultimately across the Earth, standardized weights and measures became critical. Starting in the 18th century, modernized, simplified and uniform systems of weights and measures were developed, with the fundamental units defined by ever more precise methods in the science of
561:. The magnitude of these units varied from place to place. The Babylonians and Sumerians had a system in which there were 60 shekels in a mina and 60 minas in a talent. The Roman talent consisted of 100 libra (pound) which were smaller in magnitude than the mina. The troy pound (~373.2 g) used in England and the United States for monetary purposes, like the Roman pound, was divided into 12 ounces, but the Roman uncia (ounce) was smaller. The carat is a unit for measuring gemstones that had its origin in the carob seed, which later was standardized at 1/144 ounce and then 0.2 gram.
21:
170:
66:
985:
573:
were multiples of 2, 8, and 160 times the stone, or 28, 112, and 2240 pounds (~12.7 kg, 50.8 kg, 1016 kg), respectively. The hundredweight was approximately equal to two talents. The "long ton" is equal to 2240 pounds (1016.047 kg), the "short ton" is equal to 2000 pounds (907.18474 kg), and the tonne (or metric ton) (t) is equal to 1000 kg (or 1 megagram).
572:
The stone, quarter, hundredweight, and ton were larger units of mass used in
Britain. Today only the stone continues in customary use for measuring personal body weight. The present stone is 14 pounds (~6.35 kg), but an earlier unit appears to have been 16 pounds (~7.25 kg). The other units
376:
The introduction of the yard (0.9144 m) as a unit of length came later, but its origin is not definitely known. Some believe the origin was the double cubit, others believe that it originated from cubic measure. Whatever its origin, the early yard was divided by the binary method into 2, 4, 8, and 16
348:
evolved from these units through a complicated transformation not yet fully understood. Some believe they evolved from cubic measures; others believe they were simple proportions or multiples of the cubit. In whichever case, the Greeks and Romans inherited the foot from the
Egyptians. The Roman foot
43:
originate in the 3rd or 4th millennium BC. Even the very earliest civilizations needed measurement for purposes of agriculture, construction and trade. Early standard units might only have applied to a single community or small region, with every area developing its own standards for lengths, areas,
750:
was first described in 1668 and officially adopted by France in 1799. Over the 19th and 20th centuries, it became the dominant system worldwide, although several countries, including the United States, China, and the United
Kingdom continue to use their customary units. Among the numerous customary
139:
is obtained. Because of the comparative volume of artifacts and documentation, much more is known today about the state-sanctioned measures of large, advanced societies than about those of smaller societies or about the informal measures that often coexisted with official ones. In some cases, there
703:
of the "standard" proposed by John
Wilkins over a century previously. This would have equated to 11.755 English inches (29.8 cm) or 13.06 English inches (33.1 cm). Like Wilkins, the names that he proposed for multiples and subunits of his base units of measure were the names of units of
335:
The common cubit was the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. It was divided into the span of the hand or the length between the tip of little finger to the tip of the thumb (one-half cubit), the palm or width of the hand (one sixth), and the digit or width of the
564:
Goods of commerce were originally traded by number or volume. When weighing of goods began, units of mass based on a volume of grain or water were developed. The diverse magnitudes of units having the same name, which still appear today in our dry and liquid measures, could have arisen from the
327:
units of length referred to above, and the
Mesopotamian cubit were used in the 3rd millennium BC and are the earliest known units used by ancient peoples to measure length. The units of length used in ancient India included the dhanus, or dhanush (bow), the krosa (cry, or cow-call) and the
973:
The UK is the country stuck in the middle of both systems, being the birthplace of the imperial system itself. Here, metric is partially adopted but miles persist, and people routinely refer to pints, miles per gallon, pounds and even stone in their everyday
648:(about 1.852 m) of geographical latitude. He proposed calling this unit the virga. Rather than using different names for each unit of length, he proposed a series of names that had prefixes, rather like the prefixes found in SI.
544:
systems. The early unit was a grain of wheat or barleycorn used to weigh the precious metals silver and gold. Larger units preserved in stone standards were developed that were used as both units of mass and of monetary currency. The
656:
273:
indicate that length was first measured with the forearm, hand, or finger and that time was measured by the periods of the sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies. When it was necessary to compare the capacities of containers such as
336:
middle finger (one twenty-fourth). The Royal Cubit, which was a standard cubit enhanced by an extra palm—thus 7 palms or 28 digits long—was used in constructing buildings and monuments and in surveying in ancient Egypt. The
143:
It is possible to group official measurement systems for large societies into historical systems that are relatively stable over time, including: the
Babylonian system, the Egyptian system, the Phileterian system of the
377:
parts called the half-yard, span, finger, and nail. The association of the yard with the "gird" or circumference of a person's waist or with the distance from the tip of the nose to the end of the thumb of
126:
The comparison of the dimensions of buildings with the descriptions of contemporary writers is another source of information. An interesting example of this is the comparison of the dimensions of the Greek
613:
Decimal numbers are an essential part of the metric system, with only one base unit and multiples created on the decimal base, the figures remain the same. This simplifies calculations. Although the
989:
663:
in which he proposed the adoption of a decimal system of coinage and of weights and measures. He proposed calling his base unit of length a "foot" which he suggested should be either
1301:
952:
909:"Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States Communicated to the House of Representatives, July 13, 1790"
625:(old Dutch for 'the tenth'). He also declared that it would only be a matter of time before decimal numbers were used for currencies and measurements.
1101:
1346:
1000:
1296:
565:
various commodities traded. The larger avoirdupois pound for goods of commerce might have been based on volume of water which has a higher
1868:
1615:
1340:
1893:
1040:
1015:
Measures and
Weights in the Islamic World. An English Translation of Professor Walther Hinz's Handbook “Islamische Maße und Gewichte“
581:
The division of the circle into 360 degrees and the day into hours, minutes, and seconds can be traced to the
Babylonians who had a
1888:
1605:
1425:
889:
860:
819:
191:
87:
136:
1924:
1919:
1873:
1524:
1514:
1415:
935:
629:
for decimal fractions was clumsy, but this was overcome with the introduction of the decimal point, generally attributed to
1929:
1499:
1437:
1094:
778:
1025:. This work is an annotated translation of a work in German by the late German orientalist Walther Hinz, published in the
960:
1863:
1650:
1903:
1878:
1731:
1479:
309:
994:
384:
There were also the rod, pole, perch and thumb for measurements of length. The following table lists the equivalents.
1787:
1073:
1056:
1022:
217:
113:
199:
95:
1757:
1721:
1630:
1368:
1306:
712:
and parceled. The story of how
Jefferson's full vision for the new measurement system came close to displacing the
1976:
1843:
1828:
1782:
1660:
1635:
1620:
1580:
1504:
1087:
772:
1838:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1741:
1711:
1681:
1645:
1570:
1489:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1151:
195:
91:
1833:
1808:
1772:
1736:
1716:
1706:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1585:
1509:
1410:
1141:
1131:
1047:
230:
The earliest known uniform systems of weights and measures seem all to have been created at some time in the
926:
Measuring
America: How an Untamed Wilderness Shaped the United States and Fulfilled the Promise of Democracy
1898:
1818:
1777:
1767:
1696:
1600:
1539:
1534:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1469:
1373:
1275:
1270:
1189:
1184:
1146:
741:
1233:
1726:
1701:
1640:
1590:
1575:
1565:
1529:
1420:
1383:
1352:
1223:
708:
during this era, and the measurement system ideas that developed, influenced how the continental US was
1762:
1610:
1544:
1442:
1388:
1378:
760:
1064:
1655:
1194:
644:' proposal for a universal measure, except that his base unit of length would have been 1/1000 of a
381:(reigned 1100–1135) are probably standardizing actions, since several yards were in use in Britain.
894:
865:
824:
303:
180:
76:
365:(reigned from 1558 to 1603) changed, by statute, the mile to 5280 feet (~1609 m) or 8 furlongs, a
1218:
1169:
533:
357:(1000 paces) or double steps, the pace being equal to five Roman feet (~1480 mm). The Roman
286:. When means for weighing were invented, seeds and stones served as standards. For instance, the
184:
80:
884:
855:
814:
845:
660:
630:
590:
362:
1110:
996:
Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing (Handbook 44 -2018)
626:
751:
systems, many have been adapted to become an integer multiple of a related metric unit: The
621:
who in 1585 first advocated the use of decimal numbers for everyday purposes in his booklet
52:
was one factor motivating the development of standardized internationally applicable units.
784:
558:
282:
or metal vessels, they were filled with plant seeds which were then counted to measure the
140:
are only plausible theories and different interpretations can be matched to the evidences.
40:
8:
1883:
1403:
1334:
880:
851:
810:
1398:
1174:
908:
378:
353:(inches) (~24.7 mm) and 16 digits (~18.5 mm). The Romans also introduced the
1069:
1052:
1041:
Based in part on the Edward C. Streeter collection at Yale Medical Historical Library
1018:
931:
924:
752:
235:
231:
145:
1430:
652:
586:
266:
1595:
721:
1945:
1519:
1136:
637:
953:"Only Three Countries in the World (Officially) Still Use the Imperial System"
1970:
1393:
1265:
1205:
747:
645:
341:
153:
1950:
1238:
1228:
1213:
1017:, with a foreword by Professor Bosworth, F.B.A. Kuala Lumpur, ISTAC, 2002,
713:
641:
618:
598:
566:
546:
525:
324:
287:
270:
247:
149:
29:
20:
594:
1549:
1280:
1179:
1079:
841:
789:
756:
737:
582:
550:
541:
537:
529:
361:
of 5000 feet (1480 m) was introduced into England during the occupation.
243:
49:
370:
709:
262:
128:
45:
683:
of the length of a pendulum that had a period of one second—that is
169:
65:
602:
132:
1955:
837:
705:
366:
1625:
1030:
554:
329:
283:
1051:. 1986. Translated by R. Szreter. Princeton University Press.
585:
system of numbers. The 360 degrees may have been related to a
633:
who used this notation in his trigonometrical tables (1595).
614:
320:
291:
275:
239:
33:
25:
704:
measure that were in use at the time. The great interest in
717:
617:
used decimal numbers for mathematical computations, it was
358:
345:
337:
279:
255:
251:
1039:, Bruno Kisch. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965).
148:
age, the Olympic system of Greece, the Roman system, the
836:
More exactly, Stevin's notation was later taken up by
553:
used by ancient civilizations. A smaller unit was the
290:, still used as a unit for gems, was derived from the
878:
849:
808:
159:
135:
from which a fairly accurate idea of the size of the
640:
published a proposal that was in essence similar to
608:
923:
1065:The making of measure and the promise of sameness
1968:
802:
1001:National Institute of Standards and Technology
915:
1095:
1029:, erste Abteilung, Ergänzungsband I, Heft 1,
848:, and it developed into that used today. See
310:System of units of measurement § History
720:, but ended up not doing so, is explored in
198:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
94:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1109:
1102:
1088:
576:
921:
906:
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
55:
1037:Scales and Weights: A Historical Outline
950:
349:(~296 mm) was divided into both 12
19:
944:
890:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
861:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
820:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
759:is now defined as 0.5 kg, and the
1969:
872:
373:(~201 m) of 5.5 yards (~5.03 m) each.
1083:
1033:, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1970.
951:Buchholz, Katharina (June 6, 2019).
779:Outline of metrology and measurement
731:
196:adding citations to reliable sources
163:
92:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
304:Units of measurement § History
297:
48:. The discovery and application of
13:
1132:International System of Units (SI)
1007:
907:Jefferson, Thomas (July 4, 1790).
755:is now defined as 10 km, the
314:
160:Earliest known measurement systems
14:
1988:
39:The earliest recorded systems of
988: This article incorporates
983:
609:Forerunners of the metric system
532:and is the smallest unit in the
519:
168:
64:
900:
830:
763:is now defined as 100 g.
605:divided the year differently.
131:with the description given by
1:
1142:US customary units (USCS/USC)
795:
238:among the ancient peoples of
742:History of the metric system
593:divided the day differently—
557:, and a larger unit was the
7:
766:
10:
1993:
1027:Handbuch der Orientalistik
776:
770:
735:
307:
301:
1938:
1912:
1856:
1796:
1750:
1669:
1558:
1361:
1327:
1320:
1289:
1258:
1251:
1204:
1195:English Engineering Units
1162:
1124:
1117:
922:Linklater, Andro (2002).
895:University of St Andrews
885:"History of measurement"
866:University of St Andrews
856:"History of measurement"
825:University of St Andrews
815:"History of measurement"
392:
389:
1234:Quantum chromodynamical
1076:. OCLC 1051680735.
577:Units of time and angle
1977:History of measurement
1347:centimetre–gram–second
1111:Systems of measurement
990:public domain material
846:Bartholomaeus Pitiscus
773:History of measurement
661:United States Congress
631:Bartholomaeus Pitiscus
591:systems of measurement
56:Sources of information
36:
1869:Biblical and Talmudic
1335:metre–kilogram–second
777:Further information:
549:was derived from the
497:1 rod, pole or perch
23:
963:on February 13, 2020
881:Robertson, Edmund F.
852:Robertson, Edmund F.
811:Robertson, Edmund F.
785:Historical metrology
716:and the traditional
192:improve this section
88:improve this section
41:weights and measures
930:. Walker & Co.
879:O'Connor, John J.;
850:O'Connor, John J.;
809:O'Connor, John J.;
250:, and perhaps also
1341:metre–tonne–second
1137:UK imperial system
37:
1964:
1963:
1852:
1851:
1316:
1315:
1307:Foot–pound–second
1247:
1246:
1224:Heaviside–Lorentz
1062:Lugli, Emanuele,
937:978-0-8027-1396-4
753:Scandinavian mile
732:Metric conversion
726:Measuring America
528:was the earliest
517:
516:
363:Queen Elizabeth I
228:
227:
220:
124:
123:
116:
1984:
1431:Mesures usuelles
1325:
1324:
1256:
1255:
1122:
1121:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1068:. Chicago 2019.
1048:Measures and Men
1004:
987:
986:
977:
976:
970:
968:
959:. Archived from
948:
942:
941:
929:
919:
913:
912:
904:
898:
897:
883:(January 2004),
876:
870:
868:
854:(January 2004),
834:
828:
827:
813:(January 2004),
806:
702:
701:
697:
692:
691:
687:
682:
681:
677:
672:
671:
667:
653:Thomas Jefferson
587:year of 360 days
387:
386:
298:History of units
269:records and the
236:3rd millennia BC
223:
216:
212:
209:
203:
172:
164:
119:
112:
108:
105:
99:
68:
60:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1934:
1908:
1848:
1792:
1746:
1665:
1554:
1357:
1312:
1285:
1243:
1200:
1158:
1113:
1108:
1010:
1008:Further reading
993:
984:
981:
980:
966:
964:
949:
945:
938:
920:
916:
905:
901:
877:
873:
835:
831:
807:
803:
798:
781:
775:
771:Main category:
769:
744:
736:Main articles:
734:
722:Andro Linklater
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:
611:
579:
522:
430:36 inches
406:12 inches
317:
315:Units of length
312:
306:
300:
224:
213:
207:
204:
189:
173:
162:
120:
109:
103:
100:
85:
69:
58:
12:
11:
5:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Absolute scale
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1060:
1045:Kula, Witold,
1043:
1034:
1009:
1006:
979:
978:
943:
936:
914:
899:
871:
869:for this view.
829:
800:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
787:
768:
765:
733:
730:
638:Gabriel Mouton
610:
607:
595:counting hours
578:
575:
521:
518:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
478:4 inches
475:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
459:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
435:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
419:
418:
415:
411:
410:
407:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
316:
313:
302:Main article:
299:
296:
226:
225:
208:September 2021
176:
174:
167:
161:
158:
150:British system
122:
121:
104:September 2021
72:
70:
63:
57:
54:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1989:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:List articles
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:South America
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:North America
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:South African
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
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1599:
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1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Luxembourgian
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
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1424:
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1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
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1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1353:gravitational
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1308:
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1300:
1298:
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1225:
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1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Apothecaries'
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1074:9780226612492
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1057:9780691639079
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:983-9379-27-5
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
975:
962:
958:
954:
947:
939:
933:
928:
927:
918:
910:
903:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
875:
867:
863:
862:
857:
853:
847:
843:
839:
833:
826:
822:
821:
816:
812:
805:
801:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
774:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
748:metric system
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
646:minute of arc
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
606:
604:
601:, etc. Other
600:
596:
592:
589:. Many other
588:
584:
574:
570:
568:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
540:, Tower, and
539:
535:
531:
527:
520:Units of mass
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
460:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
444:
441:quarter-mile
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
420:
416:
413:
412:
408:
405:
404:
400:
397:
396:
388:
385:
382:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
333:
331:
326:
322:
319:The Egyptian
311:
305:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
222:
219:
211:
201:
197:
193:
187:
186:
182:
177:This section
175:
171:
166:
165:
157:
155:
154:metric system
151:
147:
141:
138:
134:
130:
118:
115:
107:
97:
93:
89:
83:
82:
78:
73:This section
71:
67:
62:
61:
53:
51:
47:
42:
35:
31:
27:
22:
18:
16:
1894:Mesopotamian
1788:Puerto Rican
1185:Astronomical
1063:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1014:
995:
982:
972:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
956:
946:
925:
917:
902:
888:
874:
859:
832:
818:
804:
745:
725:
714:Gunter chain
655:submitted a
650:
642:John Wilkins
635:
627:His notation
622:
619:Simon Stevin
612:
599:decimal time
580:
571:
569:than grain.
567:bulk density
563:
530:unit of mass
523:
401:1 inch
383:
379:King Henry I
375:
355:mille passus
354:
350:
334:
325:Indus Valley
318:
271:Hebrew Bible
260:
248:Indus Valley
229:
214:
205:
190:Please help
178:
142:
125:
110:
101:
86:Please help
74:
38:
30:Museo Egizio
24:Detail of a
17:
15:
1758:Costa Rican
1722:Seychellois
1631:Singaporean
1426:Traditional
1281:Metrication
1219:Geometrised
1175:Avoirdupois
911:. New York.
842:John Napier
790:Metrication
757:Chinese jin
738:Metrication
583:sexagesimal
551:mina (unit)
538:avoirdupois
470:8 furlongs
422:1760 yards
390:components
371:rod (unit)s
258:) as well.
244:Mesopotamia
50:electricity
28:rod in the
1844:Venezuelan
1829:Paraguayan
1783:Nicaraguan
1661:Vietnamese
1636:Sri Lankan
1621:Philippine
1581:Indonesian
1505:Portuguese
1399:Winchester
1302:Comparison
1252:Background
1190:Electrical
796:References
623:De Thiende
534:apothecary
513:1 furlong
494:5.5 yards
465:1 furlong
462:10 chains
454:100 links
449:half-mile
446:880 yards
438:440 yards
308:See also:
263:Babylonian
152:, and the
137:Attic foot
1839:Uruguayan
1824:Colombian
1814:Brazilian
1804:Argentine
1742:Tanzanian
1712:Mauritian
1682:Ethiopian
1646:Taiwanese
1616:Pakistani
1596:Mongolian
1571:Cambodian
1490:Norwegian
1460:Icelandic
1455:Hungarian
1448:Byzantine
1404:Exchequer
1152:Hong Kong
967:April 21,
761:Dutch ons
651:In 1790,
636:In 1670,
603:calendars
510:40 poles
486:22 yards
398:12 lines
369:being 40
332:(stage).
179:does not
146:Ptolemaic
129:Parthenon
75:does not
46:metrology
1971:Category
1925:Obsolete
1920:Humorous
1874:Egyptian
1834:Peruvian
1809:Bolivian
1773:Honduran
1737:Tunisian
1717:Moroccan
1707:Malagasy
1692:Eritrean
1687:Egyptian
1677:Algerian
1606:Nepalese
1586:Japanese
1520:Scottish
1510:Romanian
1411:Estonian
1321:Historic
1297:Overview
1266:Overview
1163:Specific
957:Statista
767:See also
710:surveyed
505:1 chain
502:4 poles
489:1 chain
457:1 chain
267:Egyptian
246:and the
133:Plutarch
1956:Modulor
1930:Unusual
1899:Persian
1857:Ancient
1819:Chilean
1778:Mexican
1768:Haitian
1697:Guinean
1601:Myanmar
1540:Swedish
1535:Spanish
1525:Serbian
1515:Russian
1495:Ottoman
1485:Maltese
1475:Latvian
1470:Italian
1416:Finnish
1394:English
1374:Cypriot
1369:Cornish
1276:History
1271:Outline
1206:Natural
1147:Chinese
1125:General
1118:Current
838:Clavius
706:geodesy
698:⁄
688:⁄
678:⁄
668:⁄
659:to the
615:Indians
481:1 hand
473:1 mile
433:1 yard
425:1 mile
417:1 yard
414:3 feet
409:1 foot
367:furlong
284:volumes
200:removed
185:sources
96:removed
81:sources
1951:N-body
1889:Indian
1864:Arabic
1727:Somali
1702:Libyan
1670:Africa
1641:Syrian
1591:Korean
1576:Indian
1566:Afghan
1530:Slovak
1500:Polish
1438:German
1421:French
1384:Danish
1362:Europe
1328:Metric
1259:Metric
1239:Stoney
1229:Planck
1214:Atomic
1072:
1055:
1031:Leiden
1021:
974:lives.
934:
844:, via
657:report
559:talent
555:shekel
351:unciae
344:, and
330:yojana
323:, the
294:seed.
276:gourds
261:Early
1939:Other
1904:Roman
1884:Hindu
1879:Greek
1763:Cuban
1651:Tatar
1611:Omani
1550:Welsh
1545:Swiss
1465:Irish
1443:Greek
1389:Dutch
1379:Czech
1349:(CGS)
1343:(MTS)
1337:(MKS)
1309:(FPS)
1290:UK/US
992:from
547:pound
526:grain
393:unit
321:cubit
292:carob
288:carat
240:Egypt
34:Turin
26:cubit
1656:Thai
1626:Pegu
1559:Asia
1197:(US)
1180:Troy
1070:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1019:ISBN
969:2020
932:ISBN
840:and
746:The
740:and
718:acre
542:troy
524:The
359:mile
346:yard
342:foot
338:inch
280:clay
265:and
256:Iran
254:(in
252:Elam
234:and
183:any
181:cite
79:any
77:cite
724:'s
693:or
673:or
278:or
232:4th
194:by
90:by
32:of
1973::
1013:,
999:.
971:.
955:.
893:,
887:,
864:,
858:,
823:,
817:,
728:.
690:10
670:10
597:,
536:,
340:,
242:,
156:.
1103:e
1096:t
1089:v
1059:.
1003:.
940:.
700:3
696:1
686:3
680:3
676:1
666:3
221:)
215:(
210:)
206:(
202:.
188:.
117:)
111:(
106:)
102:(
98:.
84:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
