Homeschooling - Knowledge

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self-directed learning. Informal learning differs from traditional learning since there are no expected objectives or outcomes. From the learner's standpoint, the knowledge that they receive is not intentional. Topics such as planting a garden, baking a cake or even talking to a technician at work about the installation of new software can be considered informal learning. The individual is completing a task with different intentions but ends up learning skills in the process. Children watching their tomato plants grow will not generate questions about photosynthesis but they will learn that their plants are growing with water and sunlight. This leads them to have a base understanding of complex scientific concepts without any background studying. The recent trend of homeschooling becoming less stigmatized has been in connection with the traditional waning of the idea that the state needs to be in primary and ultimate control over the education and upbringing of all children to create future adult citizens. This breeds an ever-growing importance on the ideas and concepts that children learn outside of the traditional classroom setting, including informal learning.

745:) are instructional methods of teaching in which the curriculum and homework of the student are similar or identical to those used in a public or private school. Purchased as a grade-level package or separately by subject, the package may contain all of the needed books, materials, tests, answer keys, and extensive teacher guides. These materials cover the same subject areas as public schools, allowing for an easy transition into the school system. These are among the most expensive options for homeschooling, but they require minimal preparation and are easy to use. Some localities provide the same materials used at local schools to homeschoolers. The purchase of a complete curriculum and their teaching/grading service from an accredited distance learning curriculum provider may allow students to obtain an accredited high school diploma. 697:, such as the Chillihuani community in Peru, children learn irrigation and farming technique through play, advancing them not only in their own village and society but also in their knowledge of realistic techniques that they will need to survive. In Western culture, children use informal learning in two main ways. The first as talked about is through hands-on experience with new material. The second is asking questions to someone who has more experience than they have (i.e. parents, elders). Children's inquisitive nature is their way of cementing the ideas they have learned through exposure to informal learning. It is a more casual way of learning than traditional learning and serves the purpose of taking in information any which way they can. 575:. Homeschooling can be a matter of consistency for families living in isolated rural locations, for those temporarily abroad, and for those who travel frequently. Many young athletes, actors, and musicians are taught at home to accommodate their training and practice schedules more conveniently. Homeschooling can be about mentorship and apprenticeship, in which a tutor or teacher is with the child for many years and becomes more intimately acquainted with the child. Many parents also homeschool their children and return their child into the school system later on, for example because they think that their child is too young or not yet ready to start school. 1068:. Cogan (2010) found that homeschooled students had higher high school GPAs (3.74) and transfer GPAs (3.65) than conventional students. Snyder (2013) provided corroborating evidence that homeschoolers were outperforming their peers in the areas of standardized tests and overall GPAs. Looking beyond high school, a study by the 1990 National Home Education Research Institute (as cited by Wichers, 2001) found that at least 33% of homeschooled students attended a four-year college, and 17% attended a two-year college. This same study examined the students after one year, finding that 17% pursued higher education. A study by the 1230:), only 10.3% of the home-schooling children did so." He further stated that "the self-concept of home-schooling children is significantly higher statistically than that of children attending conventional school. This has implications in the areas of academic achievement and socialization which have been found to parallel self-concept. Regarding socialization, Taylor's results would mean that very few home-schooling children are socially deprived. He states that critics who speak out against homeschooling on the basis of social deprivation are actually addressing an area which favours homeschoolers. 709:. Structured homeschooling includes any method or style of home education that follows a basic curriculum with articulated goals and outcomes. This style attempts to imitate the structure of the traditional school setting while personalizing the curriculum. Unstructured homeschooling is any form of home education where parents do not construct a curriculum at all. Unschooling, as it is known, attempts to teach through the child's daily experiences and focuses more on self-directed learning by the child, free of textbooks, teachers, and any formal assessment of success or failure. 501: 646:, unit studies, curriculum made up from private or small publishers, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, distance learning (both online and correspondence), dual enrollment in local schools or colleges, and curriculum provided by local schools and many others. Some of these approaches are used in private and public schools. Educational research and studies support the use of some of these methods. Unschooling, natural learning, Charlotte Mason Education, Montessori, Waldorf, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, unit studies are supported to varying degrees by research by 109: 1081:

21.4) on the ACT, but mixed scores in math (homeschooled 20.4 vs national average 20.7 on the ACT as opposed homeschooled 535 vs national average 511 on the 1999 SAT math). According to a study done on the homeschool movement, homeschoolers often achieve academic success and admission into elite universities. According to the National Home Education Research Institute president, Brian Ray, socialization is not a problem for homeschooling children, many of whom are involved in community sports, volunteer activities, book groups, or homeschool co-ops.

250: 217:. Some are also concerned that parents may be unqualified to guide and advise their children, or that abusive parents may use homeschool to isolate their children. Critics also say that a child might not encounter people of other cultures, worldviews, and socioeconomic groups if they are not enrolled in a school. Therefore, these critics believe that homeschooling cannot guarantee a comprehensive and neutral education if educational standards are not prescribed. Studies on homeschooled students typically rely on 345: 1057:

public school may have scored just as well because of the dedicated parents they had. The Ray study also found that homeschooled students who had a certified teacher as a parent scored one percentile lower than homeschooled students who did not have a certified teacher as a parent. Another nationwide descriptive study conducted by Ray contained students ranging from ages 5–18 and he found that homeschoolers scored in at least the 80th percentile on their tests.

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found that unschooling children ages 5–10 scored significantly below traditionally educated children, while academically oriented homeschooled children scored from one half grade level above to 4.5 grade levels above traditionally schooled children on standardized tests (n=37 homeschooled children matched with children from the same socioeconomic and educational background).

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and they were creating clear educational goals. In addition, these students were being offered organized lesson plans which are either self-made or purchased. A study conducted by Ray in 2010 indicates that the higher the level of parents' income, the more likely the homeschooled child is able to achieve academic success.

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took the tests, the average homeschooled student outperformed his public school peers by 30 to 37 percentile points across all subjects. The study also indicates that public school performance gaps between minorities and genders were virtually non-existent among the homeschooled students who took the tests.

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Homeschooled children may receive more individualized attention than students enrolled in traditional public schools. A 2011 study suggests that a structured environment could play a key role in homeschooler academic achievement. This means that parents were highly involved in their child's education

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A commonly cited reason for choosing this model is that parents are not sure whether they can provide their children a comprehensive and neutral education at home or cannot devote themselves to homeschooling full-time due to time constraints or excessive stress. Some families also want their children

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laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities. By the early 19th century, attending a school became the most common means of education in the developed world. In the mid to late 20th century, more people began questioning the practice of school learning, which again led to

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In the UK, the government has noted that no figures are available on educational attainment for children educated at home: "This means no assessment can be made of the impact on educational attainment of being home schooled". There is some evidence from 2009 that home-educated children in the UK are

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Autonomous education helps students develop their self-consciousness, vision, practicality, and freedom of discussion. These attributes serve to aid the student in his/her independent learning. However, a student must not start their autonomous learning completely on their own. It is said that first

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of homeschooling. This booklet summarized a 1997 study by Ray and the 1999 Rudner study. The Rudner study noted two limitations of its own research: it is not necessarily representative of all homeschoolers and it is not a comparison with other schooling methods. Among the homeschooled students who

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refers to a type of learning-on-demand where children pursue knowledge based on their interests and parents take an active part in facilitating activities and experiences conducive to learning but do not rely heavily on textbooks or spend much time "teaching", looking instead for "learning moments"

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Home education and apprenticeship continued to remain the main form of education until the 1830s. However, in the 18th century, the majority of people in Europe lacked formal education. Since the early 19th century, formal classroom schooling became the most common means of schooling throughout the

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Some homeschoolers averaged higher scores on these college entrance tests in South Carolina. Other scores (1999 data) showed mixed results, for example showing higher levels for homeschoolers in English (homeschooled 23.4 vs national average 20.5) and reading (homeschooled 24.4 vs national average

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In 2011, a quasi-experimental study was conducted that included homeschooled and traditional public students between the ages of 5 and 10. It was discovered that the majority of the homeschooled children achieved higher standardized scores compared to their counterparts. However, Martin-Chang also

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Parents commonly cite two main motivations for homeschooling their children: dissatisfaction with the local schools and the interest in increased involvement with their children's learning and development. Parental dissatisfaction with available schools typically includes concerns about the school

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such as teachers, making children more susceptible to sustained, unreported abuse. While there is not enough data to determine exact rates of abuse in homeschooling there is, however, strong evidence to suggest that parents who engage in maltreatment and educational neglect are more likely to use

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teen Matthew Tirado, a Connecticut study was done to investigate the prevalence of neglect and abuse among homeschooled families. It found that 38% of children withdrawn from school to be homeschooled lived in families with one or more reports of abuse or neglect to the Department of Children and

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Gallup polls of American voters showed a significant change in attitude from 1985 to 2001, with respondents going from 73% opposed to homeschooling to 54% opposed. In 1988, when asked whether parents should have a right to choose homeschooling, 53 percent thought that they should, as revealed by

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A survey of 11,739 homeschooled students conducted in 2008 found that, on average, the homeschooled students scored 37 percentile points above public school students on standardized achievement tests. This is consistent with the 1999 Rudner study. However, Rudner said that these same students in

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of families who homeschool their children. It provides an opportunity for children to learn from other parents who are more specialized in certain areas or subjects. Co-ops also provide social interaction. They may take lessons together or go on field trips. Some co-ops also offer events such as

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Some degree of autonomous learning is popular with those who home educate their children. In true autonomous learning, the child usually gets to decide what projects they wish to tackle or what interests to pursue. In-home education, this can be instead of or in addition to regular subjects like

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Some children may also prefer to or can learn more efficiently at home, for example, because they are not distracted or slowed down by school matters and can, for example, spend several hours dealing with the same topic undisturbed. There are studies that show that homeschooled children are more

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and parental involvement, incorporating data from other adults and from homeschooled children themselves and their peers rather than just the parents, and taking into account the timing and duration of homeschooling due to the fact that many families discontinue homeschooling after one or a few

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A student's education may be customized to support his or her learning level, style, and interests. It is not uncommon for a student to experience more than one approach as the family discovers what works best for their student. Many families use an eclectic approach, picking and choosing from

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Conservative Christian parents were increasingly dissatisfied with the public school system and were the main demographic that organized to promote home education in the United States. This movement embraced research conducted by other religious parents that advocated for homeschooling such as

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approach, multiple subjects such as math, science, history, art, and geography, are studied in relation to a single topic. Unit studies are useful for teaching multiple grades simultaneously as the difficulty level can be adjusted for each student. An extended form of unit studies, Integrated

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For most of history and in different cultures, homeschooling was a common practice by family members and local communities. Enlisting professional tutors was an option available only to the wealthy. Homeschooling declined in the 19th and 20th centuries with the enactment of compulsory school

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happens outside of the classroom but has no traditional boundaries of education. Informal learning is an everyday form of learning through participation and creation, in contrast with the traditional view of teacher-centered learning. The term is often combined with non-formal learning and

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and books, a study found that 78 percent utilized "a public library"; 77 percent used "a homeschooling catalogue, publisher, or individual specialist"; 68 percent used "retail bookstore or another store"; 60 percent used "an education publisher that was not affiliated with homeschooling."

155:, more personalized and individualized methods of learning that are not always found in schools. The actual practice of homeschooling varies considerably. The spectrum ranges from highly structured forms based on traditional school lessons to more open, free forms such as 589:

COVID-19 has reinforced some parents' minds about homeschooling. The fact that parents realized remote learning was possible thanks to new technologies means that they have additional options to consider should their child face problems of any kind at school.

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Office Of Education Accountability found that homeschooled students attended college or university within Kentucky at less than half the rate of other Kentucky high school graduates, with the academic outcomes of other homeschooled students being unknown.

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as a concern. Conclusions of research on homeschooling can be biased if only the highest-achieving homeschoolers are studied. Other common methodological problems were identified that need to be addressed in future research, such as controlling for

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Homeschooling is usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher, but the concrete practice can be very different. The spectrum ranges from highly structured forms based on traditional school lessons to more open, free forms like

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Depending on the part of the world, informal learning can take on many different identities and has differing cultural importances. Many ways of organizing homeschooling draw on apprenticeship qualities and on non-western cultures. In some

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describes an approach in which parents do not authoritatively direct the child's education, but interact with the child following the child's own interests, leaving them free to explore and learn as their interests lead.

667:, approximately 20 percent by "television, video or radio"; 19 percent via "The Internet, e-mail, or the World Wide Web"; and 15 percent taking a "correspondence course by mail designed specifically for homeschoolers." 524:. Some parents homeschool in order to have greater control over what and how their children are taught, to cater more adequately to an individual child's aptitudes and abilities, to provide instruction from a specific 187:

an increase in the number of homeschoolers, especially in the Americas and some European countries. In the 21st century, homeschooling is a relatively widespread form of education and a legal alternative to public and

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attendance laws. However, it continued to be practised in isolated communities. Homeschooling began a resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s with educational reformists dissatisfied with industrialized education.

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throughout their daily activities. Parents see their role as that of affirming through positive feedback and modeling the necessary skills, and the child's role as being responsible for asking and learning.

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Some parents have objections to the secular nature of public schools and homeschool in order to give their children a religious education. Use of a religious curriculum is common among these families.

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Many homeschool families use a wide variety of methods and materials and less formal educational methods, which represent a variety of educational philosophies and paradigms. Some of the methods or

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With the studies available, a review that year found it was too soon to offer firm conclusions because of these issues, but did not find systematic evidence of poor educational or social outcomes.

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to socialize with other children and find that schools are better suited for this purpose because social exchange does not only take place occasionally, but is an everyday experience there.

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phase to break away from school habits and prepare for homeschooling. While "homeschooling" is the term commonly used in North America, "home education" is primarily used in Europe and many

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The vast majority of homeschoolers are doing so for religious reasons. They are primarily concerned with producing "virtuous" adults, rather than "educated" adults. Political scientist

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Thematic Instruction utilizes one central theme integrated throughout the curriculum so that students finish a school year with a deep understanding of a certain broad subject or idea.

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position, and to take advantage of the efficiency of one-to-one instruction and thus allow the child to spend more time on childhood activities, socializing, and non-academic learning.

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in many countries, which many people believe is due to the rise of the Internet, which enables people to obtain information very quickly. The regulation and legality of homeschooling

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Critics of homeschooling point to methodological problems with the studies on homeschooling that have been done, which are typically based on non-representative convenience samples.

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Using the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, John Taylor later found that, "while half of the conventionally schooled children scored at or below the 50th percentile (in

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Martin-Chang, S.; Gould, O. N.; & Meuse, R. E. (2011). "The impact of schooling on academic achievement: Evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students".

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Musaddiq, Tareena; Strange, Kevin; Bacher-Hicks, Andrew; Goodman, Joshua (2022). "The Pandemic's Effect on Demand for Public Schools, Homeschooling, and Private Schools".

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1. Chang- Martin, S., Gould, O., & Meuse, R. (2011). The impact of schooling on academic achievement: evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students.

6439: 6133: 221:, which may disproportionately sample the highest-achieving homeschoolers. Researchers have identified a need for more representative samples in studying homeschooling. 446:(HSLDA) in court cases. He frequently advocated the use of private schools. The HSLDA influenced changes to the legal status of homeschooling across the United States. 3411:

Chang- Martin, S., Gould, O., & Meuse, R. (2011). The impact of schooling on academic achievement: evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students.

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Snyder, Marc. (2013). An evaluative study of the academic achievement of homeschooled students versus traditionally schooled students attending a Catholic university.

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Some parents are of the opinion that certain temperaments are promoted in school, while others are inhibited which may also be a reason to homeschool their children.

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professor of law and faculty director of the Law School's Child Advocacy Program, recommended a ban on home education in 2019, calling it a risky practice.

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Rose, Lowell C.; Alec M. Gallup; Stanley M. Elam (1997). "The 29th Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools".

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environment, the quality of academic instruction, the curriculum, bullying, racism and lack of faith in the school's ability to cater to their children's

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When homeschooling is a choice, families have different reasons for choosing it. This cake diagram shows the motivations regarded as most important for

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having interaction with someone who has more knowledge in a subject will speed up the student's learning and allow them to learn more independently.

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that resulted in African Americans being prevented from reading and writing – and to limit the harm caused by the unintentional and sometimes subtle

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Some African-American families choose to homeschool as a way of increasing their children's understanding of African-American history – such as the

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But the total results were not great; the mass of the people in every European country remained without schooling throughout the 18th century.

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Richard G. Medlin, Ph.D.'s research found that homeschooled children have better social skills than children attending traditional schools.

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Homeschooled youth are less likely to use and abuse illicit substances and are more likely to disapprove of using alcohol and marijuana.

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Crawford, Elizabeth Outlaw; Heaton, Emily T.; Heslop, Karen; Kixmiller, Kassandra (2009). "Science Learning at Home Involving Families".

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There are a multitude of sometimes complex reasons why parents and children choose to homeschool, some of which overlap with those for

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is a form of homeschooling in which children split their time between homeschool and a more traditional schooling environment like a

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Patterson, Jean; Gibson, Ian; Koenigs, Andrew; Maurer, Michael; Whitterhouse, Gladys; Stockton, Charles; Taylor, Mary Jo (2007).

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Vaughn, Michael G.; Salas-Wright, Christopher P.; Kremer, Kristen P.; Maynard, Brandy R.; Roberts, Greg; Vaughn, Sharon (2015).

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Gallup, Alec M.; Elam M. Stanley (1988). "The 20th Annual Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools".

2938:"Supporting the development of autonomous learning skills in reading and writing in an independent language learning centre" 1314: 1194: 1084:

However, a large portion of research done on the effects of homeschooling have been criticized for use of unrepresentative,

1008: 892:, homeschoolers can chat, discuss threads in forums, share information and tips, and even participate in online classes via 6992: 5958: 3481: 1459: 1044:(HSLDA) in 2004, "Many studies over the last few years have established the academic excellence of homeschooled children." 234: 2134: 1286: 1166: 980: 486:

and online learning. This is not considered homeschooling, however, since their education was directed by public schools.

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Individual governmental units, e.g. states and local districts, vary in official curriculum and attendance requirements.

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Raymond and Dorothy Moore. Another influential figure associated with the rise of the homeschooling movement was

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can also play a role in why children cannot attend a school regularly and are at least partially homeschooled.

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Ray, Brian. (2010). Academic achievement and demographic traits of homeschooled students: a nationwide study.

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Self-Concept in home-schooling children, John Wesley Taylor V, Ph.D., Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI

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Ray, Brian. (2010). Academic achievement and demographic traits of homeschool students: a nationwide study.

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Issue Brief from Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. December 2008. NCES 2009–030

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Some children also have health issues and therefore cannot attend a school regularly and are at least

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Wichers, M. (2001). Homeschooling: adventitious or detrimental for proficiency in higher education.

2180:"Homeschooling could be the smartest way to teach kids in the 21st century — here are 5 reasons why" 516:

and may be very different depending on the country and (current) situation of parents and children.

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Bolin, Inge (November 2006). "Growing up in a Culture of Respect: Child Rearing in Highland Peru".

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Livingstone, D. W. (2006). "Informal Learning: Conceptual Distinctions and Preliminary Findings".

1575: 1408:, has asserted that teachers should be licensed and that state-approved curricula should be used. 163:-free implementation of homeschooling. Some families who initially attended a school go through a 7717: 7107: 6972: 6404: 6394: 6249: 6050: 6010: 5990: 5970: 5873: 5705: 5680: 5595: 5575: 5525: 5495: 5485: 5371: 5291: 5256: 5241: 5226: 5181: 5116: 4986: 4626: 4360: 4245: 4092: 3272:

Education Policy Analysis Archives: Education Policy Analysis Archives - Arizona State University

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Valiente, Carlos; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Ray, Brian D.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Ruof, Ariana (March 2022).

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Another argument for homeschooling children may be the protection against physical and emotional

521: 296: 203: 179:, rather than being educated independently and unrestrictedly by their parents or by themselves. 3348: 607:-free implementation of homeschooling that involves teaching children based on their interests. 7935: 7550: 7389: 6893: 6830: 6726: 6671: 6476: 6389: 6304: 6279: 6161: 5985: 5791: 5670: 5665: 5545: 5246: 4993: 4676: 4671: 4310: 4280: 4275: 4260: 4235: 4176: 4171: 1772:"The rise of public schooling in nineteenth-century Imperial Austria: Who gained and who paid?" 199: 87: 7879: 7440: 7364: 7291: 7256: 7044: 6716: 6706: 6691: 6491: 6354: 6289: 6259: 6234: 6166: 6065: 6060: 6035: 5893: 5685: 5640: 5620: 5610: 5510: 5346: 5321: 5171: 5166: 5146: 5111: 5096: 4661: 4641: 4480: 4385: 4355: 4255: 4230: 3466: 3098:"Homeschool Technology and Online Communication - National Home Education Research Institute" 2774: 1449: 1363: 404: 6151: 2861: 2698:"Causal learning is collaborative: Examining explanation and exploration in social contexts" 289:. Practices prior to the existence of universal schooling are not necessarily homeschooling. 7737: 7664: 7613: 7374: 7349: 7339: 6919: 6721: 6696: 6676: 6637: 6541: 6364: 6294: 6274: 6090: 6040: 6000: 5953: 5948: 5938: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5898: 5883: 5878: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5710: 5625: 5605: 5490: 5480: 5331: 5301: 5286: 5271: 5261: 5251: 5216: 5211: 5161: 5106: 5081: 4969: 4959: 4686: 4498: 4470: 4460: 4420: 4290: 4285: 4265: 4225: 4145: 4017: 2901: 2489: 2003:"Record numbers of children are now homeschooled, but who's keeping an eye on the parents?" 1454: 1307: 1187: 1001: 923: 910: 806:— a social system which impels obedience to the state and quells free-thinking or dissent. 771: 611: 451: 218: 4709: 1366:

before being allowed to homeschool their children. In the United States, only two states (

8: 7752: 7679: 7603: 7424: 7404: 7359: 7296: 7179: 7131: 7013: 6737: 6701: 6681: 6612: 6536: 6309: 6299: 6244: 6239: 6176: 6118: 6085: 6075: 6055: 6045: 6030: 6025: 6005: 5975: 5943: 5928: 5903: 5839: 5765: 5755: 5690: 5655: 5590: 5570: 5560: 5520: 5505: 5500: 5341: 5336: 5276: 5231: 5191: 5086: 5067: 4781: 4693: 4646: 4596: 4544: 4539: 4518: 4440: 4350: 4330: 4320: 4210: 3545: 2827: 1742: 1409: 619: 102: 3723: 2732: 2697: 1908: 151:. Usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or online teacher, many homeschool families use 7798: 7535: 7271: 7100: 6801: 6686: 6531: 6521: 6511: 6501: 6359: 6284: 6070: 5995: 5965: 5796: 5715: 5675: 5650: 5630: 5565: 5540: 5530: 5515: 5316: 5266: 5221: 5206: 5186: 5176: 5151: 5091: 4786: 4729: 4574: 4425: 4375: 4325: 4270: 4215: 4127: 4085: 3631: 3606: 3210: 3151: 3076: 2643: 2616: 2135:"Aus Misstrauen gegenüber dem Staat: Immer mehr Eltern unterrichten ihre Kinder privat" 1856: 1664: 1413: 1049: 919: 852:. The number of students who participated in hybrid homeschooling increased during the 651: 583: 483: 430:, and argued for the dismantling of the state's influence in education in three works: 367: 363: 292: 198:

There are many different reasons for homeschooling, ranging from personal interests to

172: 152: 83: 79: 55: 51: 3438: 3125: 108: 7889: 7732: 7654: 7634: 7505: 7384: 7379: 7344: 7321: 7251: 7236: 6914: 6711: 6607: 6564: 6486: 6254: 5820: 5635: 5600: 5555: 5550: 5459: 5326: 5236: 5126: 5032: 4964: 4776: 4758: 4636: 4606: 4579: 4569: 4559: 4554: 4523: 4455: 4445: 4430: 4390: 4198: 4181: 4025: 3825: 3788: 3679: 3636: 3622: 3490: 3244: 3044: 2865: 2737: 2719: 2678: 1793: 1698: 1650: 1625: 1595: 1504: 1424: 1089: 853: 803: 779: 679: 664: 639: 631: 479: 3607:"Are homeschooled adolescents less likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs?" 2389: 7772: 7608: 7583: 7575: 7331: 7215: 7194: 6934: 5036: 4952: 4893: 4656: 4651: 4621: 4508: 4503: 4465: 4370: 4345: 4250: 3960: 3954: 3626: 3618: 3340: 3279: 3186: 3012: 3004: 2857: 2801: 2766: 2727: 2709: 2670: 2555: 1783: 1587: 572: 124: 3964: 3661: 3008: 2088:"Where Did This Kid Come From? Homeschooling by the Temperaments - Seton Magazine" 1860: 1844: 822: 642:, school-at-home (curriculum choices from both secular and religious publishers), 249: 7803: 7722: 7559: 7520: 7419: 7169: 6929: 6924: 4616: 4611: 4493: 4488: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4380: 4340: 4061: 3445: 2396: 1939: 1694: 1687: 889: 784: 627: 557: 553: 540: 140: 98: 91: 3500: 2792:

Randle, Inga (1997). "The measure of success: Integrated Thematic Instruction".

2778: 654:

theories. Elements of these theories may be found in the other methods as well.

7863: 7843: 7838: 7828: 7788: 7465: 7394: 7184: 7080: 6790: 4836: 4549: 4049: 2674: 914: 705:

All other approaches to homeschooling are subsumed under two basic categories:

188: 4714: 3437:

Homeschool Legal Defense Association. "Academic Statistics on Homeschooling."

2805: 2714: 1788: 1771: 1396:

Some organizations of teachers and school districts resist homeschooling. The

7929: 7858: 7767: 7712: 7707: 7649: 7316: 7301: 7286: 7199: 7159: 6944: 5814: 4911: 4450: 4315: 4188: 3048: 2723: 2682: 1797: 1747: 1622:

International perspectives on home education : do we still need schools?

1599: 1085: 536: 419: 416: 214: 210: 176: 4724: 3191: 3174: 2585: 7808: 7659: 7644: 7500: 7490: 7276: 4809: 4739: 4601: 4045: 3640: 2741: 2319: 1817: 1367: 1347: 1227: 1093: 54:

by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

4734: 3724:

Office of the Child Advocate of the State of Connecticut (26 April 2018).

3524:

Sizer, Bridget Bentz. "Socialization: Tackling Homeschooling's "S" word".

3483:

Kingdom of Children: Culture and Controversy in the Homeschooling Movement

1989: 466:, where children learn without any formalized curriculum or expectations. 7818: 7793: 7639: 7475: 7460: 7246: 7174: 7164: 6949: 6939: 6872: 6867: 5824: 4591: 4071: 1401: 1350:

than children in public schools, while others find no or mixed results.

1346:

Some studies suggest homeschooled children are less likely to experience

869: 754: 600: 513: 463: 423: 164: 156: 3541:"How a true believer's flawed research helped legitimize home schooling" 3369:

Cogan, F. (2010). Exploring academic outcomes of homeschooled students.

3237:"Progress Report 2009: Homeschool Academic Achievement and Demographics" 3017: 2696:

Legare, Cristine H.; Sobel, David M.; Callanan, Maureen (October 2017).

2647: 2620: 1374:) prevent convicted child abusers and sex offenders from homeschooling. 1104:

parents who were more educated than average, throwing into question the

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There is also concern that homeschooling reduces a child's exposure to

1097: 878: 623: 604: 565: 427: 233:

and other nations in North America, "home education" is primarily used

160: 3700:"Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities Not Correlated with Homeschooling" 2511:"Informal learning, home education and homeschooling (home schooling)" 2388:"Homeschool." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, 2015. Web. 3 June 2015. 1108:

relationship homeschooling itself has to any positive outcomes shown.

7524: 7495: 7470: 7354: 7209: 7123: 4802: 4365: 4108: 3344: 2770: 1432: 1105: 818: 659: 525: 407:

began to advocate homeschooling, which he saw as a way to combat the

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Studies have also examined the impact of homeschooling on students'

943: 303:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 147:

of school-aged children at home or a variety of places other than a

7813: 7747: 7154: 4240: 2458:"Unschooling - letting children grow up without school or teachers" 2365:"Covid-19 has persuaded some parents that home-schooling is better" 1647:

Home schooling and home education : race, class and inequality

1371: 1101: 1069: 3812:. Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013 3326: 2994: 2434:"What Is Unschooling? A Parents Guide to Child-Led Home Education" 7450: 7414: 4435: 3940:

Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

3895: 1714: 1359: 1048:, a compilation of studies published by the HSLDA, supported the 885: 408: 6822: 1741: 7674: 7593: 7189: 7149: 7144: 7139: 3604: 1990:

1.5 Million Home-schooled Students in the United States in 2007

1966:"Free-range education: Why the unschooling movement is growing" 1707: 1686:

A. Distefano, K. E. Rudestam, R. J. Silverman (2005)

1354: 849: 209:

Critics of homeschooling argue that children may lack adequate

148: 2850:"Self-Directed Education—Unschooling and Democratic Schooling" 2556:"Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 - Executive Summary" 1576:"Homeschooling: What do we know and what do we need to learn?" 442:. Rushdoony was frequently called as an expert witness by the 97:"Homeschool" and "Home School" redirect here. For the EP, see 2633: 2321:

Project-Based Homeschooling: Mentoring Self-Directed Learners

2226: 2224: 1116:, Not in Employment, Education or Training, at age 16 to 18. 529: 7092: 4077: 3243:. National Home Education Research Institute. Archived from 3037:"A Family Looks Back on Their Hybrid Home-School Experience" 2754: 1842: 1358:

Families. In 1990, homeschool lobbyists defeated a proposed

7281: 3540: 3384:

Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice March

2898:"A Conversation with John Holt - The Natural Child Project" 1573: 1113: 874: 593: 4022:

Instead of Education: Ways to Help People Do Things Better

3268:"Contextualizing Homeschooling Data: A Response to Rudner" 2261:"Why Homeschooled Teens Are Ahead of the Game for College" 2221: 2154:"Unschooling: Lernen ohne Schule, ohne Noten, ohne Lehrer" 1533:"Elective home education—Guidelines for local authorities" 1362:

law which would have required parents to be run against a

888:

as a way to simulate homeschool cooperatives online. With

7555: 3775:. Kidsource. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016 1065: 909:

As of 2022, virtually all research on homeschooling used

821:

which sees learners as individuals who can and should be

4055: 3936:"The Relationship Between Homeschooling and Child Abuse" 3810:"Homeschooling: A Growing Option in American Education" 3327:

Martin-Chang, Sandra; Gould, O.N.; Meuse, R.E. (2011).

3266:

Welner, Kariane Mari; Kevin G. Welner (11 April 1999).

1845:"Resisting Bureaucracy: A Case Study of Home Schooling" 1715:"History of Alternative Education in the United States" 825:; i.e., be responsible for their own learning climate. 3175:"Achievement and Demographics of Home School Students" 3914: 3407: 3405: 3265: 3569:"Home education in England: Research Briefing 05108" 571:

Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of

415:

system in the United States. He vigorously attacked

3459:"Home-Schooled Kids Defy Stereotypes, Ace SAT Test" 2695: 748: 4056:National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI) 3402: 2410:"How Is Unschooling Different From Homeschooling?" 2059:"The Radical Self-Reliance of Black Homeschooling" 1645:Bhopal & Myers, Kalwant, Martin (2018-05-02). 1644: 2204:"Top 5 Reasons Why Parents Homeschool Their Kids" 1475:Homeschooling and distance education in Australia 1384:Homeschooling international status and statistics 700: 7927: 3830:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3793:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1470:Homeschooling and alternative education in India 229:While "homeschooling" is the term commonly used 2344:"No Regrets: Homeschooling for Medical Reasons" 1770:Cvrcek, Tomas; Zajicek, Miroslav (2019-09-01). 6656: 6211: 3122:"HSLDA - Academic Statistics on Homeschooling" 2971:"Can Hybrid Home Schooling "Cross the Chasm?"" 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 778:Another prominent proponent of unschooling is 7108: 6838: 4093: 3847: 3456: 3259: 1769: 1538:. gov.uk. Section 1.2, page 3. Archived from 1088:, often utilizing opt-in surveys or optional 436:The Messianic Character of American Education 352:The examples and perspective in this section 200:dissatisfaction with the public school system 6761:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 3807: 3426:Academic Leadership Live: The Online Journal 3320: 3302:Academic Leadership Live: The Online Journal 2132: 1669:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 171:. Homeschooling should not be confused with 4046:A history of the modern homeschool movement 3566: 2820:"Homeschooling Approaches - School-at-Home" 2606: 2033:"10 good reasons to home school your child" 1556: 7115: 7101: 7055:Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic 6845: 6831: 4100: 4086: 3704:National Home Education Research Institute 3102:National Home Education Research Institute 2935: 2532:"Top Reasons Parents Switch to Homeschool" 2513:. YMCA George Williams College. 2013-05-08 2109:"Homeschooling & Co. als Alternative?" 1480:Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic 1377: 1239: 863: 440:The Philosophy of the Christian Curriculum 370:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 6888: 3630: 3591: 3589: 3190: 3114: 3016: 2854:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education 2731: 2713: 1787: 1619: 1353:After the death by abuse of homeschooled 1334:Learn how and when to remove this message 1214:Learn how and when to remove this message 1028:Learn how and when to remove this message 707:structured and unstructured homeschooling 579: 564:likely to graduate and perform better at 386:Learn how and when to remove this message 319:Learn how and when to remove this message 75:Education of children outside of a school 6463: 3808:Lips, Dan; Feinberg, Evan (2008-04-03). 3745: 2290:"Why The Homeschool Movement Is Growing" 2236:Coalition for Responsible Home Education 2056: 2050: 594:Teaching methods, forms and philosophies 499: 248: 107: 5838: 5066: 5055: 3952: 3933: 3538: 3479: 3413:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 3333:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 3315:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 2942:Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal 2758:Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 2550: 2548: 2317: 1983: 1937: 899: 884:Homeschoolers are beginning to utilize 836: 725: 14: 7928: 4024:. Boulder, CO: Sentient Publications. 3986:. Educational Leadership. 59(7). p 56. 3684:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3586: 3562: 3560: 3415:, 43(3): 195–202. DOI:10.1037/a0022697 3317:, 43(3): 195–202. DOI:10.1037/a0022697 3230: 3228: 3172: 3030: 3028: 2890: 2791: 2663:Journal of Latin American Anthropology 2407: 2177: 1880: 1739: 1682: 1680: 1270:Please improve this section by adding 1150:Please improve this section by adding 964:Please improve this section by adding 809: 7096: 7020:Home School Legal Defense Association 6826: 6655: 6462: 6210: 5837: 5458: 5457: 5065: 5054: 4756: 4119: 4081: 3871:"ERIC/CEM - School Choice Discussion" 3843: 3841: 3567:Long, Robert; Danechi, Shadi (2022). 2862:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.80 2660: 2574: 2027: 2025: 2023: 1906: 1810: 1465:Home School Legal Defense Association 1042:Home School Legal Defense Association 444:Home School Legal Defense Association 4016: 3748:"The Sinister Side of Homeschooling" 3207:"HSLDA - Home Schooling Achievement" 3034: 2847: 2545: 2151: 1688:Encyclopedia of Distributed Learning 1527: 1525: 1460:Home education in the United Kingdom 1243: 1123: 937: 673: 543:that affects most American schools. 338: 268: 26: 6807: 3997:"The Civic Perils of Homeschooling" 3557: 3539:Meckler, Laura (11 December 2023). 3225: 3025: 2474: 2057:Anderson, Melinda D. (2018-05-17). 1913:International Social Science Review 1677: 896:similar to those used by colleges. 24: 7915:Parents Against Child Exploitation 4010: 3838: 3457:Daniel Golden (11 February 2000). 3179:Education Policy Analysis Archives 3173:Rudner, Lawrence M. (1999-03-23). 2171: 2020: 1881:Talbot, Margaret (November 2001). 1620:Rothermel, Paula (20 March 2015). 1500:Homeschooling in the United States 731:All-in-one homeschooling curricula 695:South American indigenous cultures 658:various suppliers. For sources of 506:homeschooling in the United States 25: 7947: 7885:Mothers Apart from Their Children 6898: 6852: 4039: 3984:The Civic Perils of Homeschooling 3770: 3746:Goldberg, Michelle (2013-09-20). 3523: 2702:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2562:from the original on 3 March 2016 2534:. powerhomeschool.org. 2023-12-11 2133:Krummenacher, Jörg (2019-09-16). 1963: 1721:from the original on 4 March 2016 1638: 1613: 1522: 1437:The Civic Perils of Homeschooling 7074: 7050:List of homeschooling programmes 6806: 6797: 6796: 6784: 6325:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5819: 5810: 5809: 5367:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 5137:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5031: 3623:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.010 1813:"The Passing of R. J. Rushdoony" 1510:List of homeschooling programmes 1248: 1128: 942: 749:Unschooling and natural learning 636:theory of multiple intelligences 398: 343: 273: 264: 31: 7743:Management of domestic violence 7589:Corporal punishment in the home 3989: 3976: 3946: 3934:Webster, Rebecca (2013-05-16). 3927: 3908: 3889: 3863: 3801: 3764: 3739: 3717: 3692: 3647: 3598: 3532: 3517: 3473: 3450: 3431: 3418: 3389: 3376: 3363: 3307: 3294: 3234: 3199: 3166: 3140: 3090: 3061: 2997:The Journal of Public Economics 2988: 2963: 2929: 2916: 2841: 2812: 2785: 2748: 2689: 2654: 2627: 2600: 2524: 2503: 2450: 2426: 2401: 2382: 2357: 2336: 2311: 2282: 2253: 2196: 2145: 2126: 2101: 2080: 2069:from the original on 2018-07-02 2009:from the original on 2018-10-16 1995: 1957: 1931: 1900: 1874: 1836: 1811:Edgar, William (January 2007). 1100:, and from households with two 712: 237:, elsewhere in Europe and many 7900:National Fatherhood Initiative 7029:Global Home Education Exchange 6482:Federated States of Micronesia 5777:British Indian Ocean Territory 3489:. Princeton University Press. 2848:Gray, Peter (April 15, 2017). 2582:"HSLDA - Home Schooling-State" 1938:Gaither, Milton (8 May 2024). 1804: 1763: 1733: 1580:Child Development Perspectives 1398:National Education Association 868:A homeschool cooperative is a 701:Structured versus unstructured 684:As a subset of homeschooling, 489: 224: 13: 1: 7905:National Parents Organization 7630:Adverse childhood experiences 7122: 4107: 3965:10.4324/9781138609877-ree72-1 3480:Stevens, Mitchell L. (2001). 3009:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2022.104710 1970:The Christian Science Monitor 1516: 1495:Homeschooling in South Africa 1272:secondary or tertiary sources 1152:secondary or tertiary sources 966:secondary or tertiary sources 482:, with schools instead using 478:during the early part of the 7670:Effects of domestic violence 7312:Social emotional development 6450:United States Virgin Islands 4120: 3850:"The Risks of Homeschooling" 3848:O'Donnell, Erin (May 2020). 3371:Journal of College Admission 2408:Miller, Tyler (2014-10-15). 2296:. 2016-05-31. Archived from 2269:U.S. News & World Report 2238:. 2013-09-11. Archived from 2232:"Reasons Parents Homeschool" 2178:Weller, Chris (2018-01-21). 1490:Homeschooling in New Zealand 1388: 644:A Thomas Jefferson Education 184:compulsory school attendance 7: 7486:Identification (psychology) 7060:Single-parent homeschooling 6212:Education in North America 3953:Kunzman, Rob (2022-05-30), 3611:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2924:Weapons of Mass Instruction 2856:. Oxford University Press. 1442: 933: 894:learning management systems 799:Weapons of Mass Instruction 794:A Different Kind of Teacher 496:Motivations for unschooling 366:, discuss the issue on the 299:the claims made and adding 182:Before the introduction of 10: 7952: 7910:Parent–teacher association 7685:Parental abuse by children 7566:Positive Parenting Program 7516:Parent management training 7511:Normative social influence 6657:Education in South America 4757: 2936:L. W. Chiu, Hazel (2012). 2675:10.1525/jlca.2006.11.2.430 1428:homeschooling as a guise. 1381: 1046:Home Schooling Achievement 904: 752: 677: 493: 432:Intellectual Schizophrenia 259:Samuel Griswold (Goodrich) 244: 213:and therefore have poorer 112:Educating children at home 96: 77: 7895:National Childbirth Trust 7872: 7781: 7698: 7690:Stress in early childhood 7622: 7574: 7433: 7410:Taking children seriously 7330: 7242:Applied behavior analysis 7225: 7130: 7068: 7037: 7006: 6958: 6907: 6881: 6860: 6778: 6735: 6662: 6573: 6550: 6469: 6425:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6343: 6217: 6190: 6142: 6104: 5846: 5805: 5764: 5724: 5466: 5380: 5355: 5074: 5061: 5050: 5026: 4980: 4946: 4905: 4887: 4848: 4830: 4796: 4772:Early childhood education 4765: 4752: 4702: 4532: 4479: 4301: 4154: 4126: 4115: 2948:: 271–272. Archived from 2806:10.1080/00098659709599331 2715:10.3758/s13423-017-1351-3 1789:10.1007/s11698-018-0180-6 1624:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 1119: 469: 159:, which is a lesson- and 46:toward certain viewpoints 7551:The talk (sex education) 7262:Developmental psychology 6628:Northern Mariana Islands 6445:Turks and Caicos Islands 5526:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5122:Central African Republic 3956:Homeschooling Curriculum 3073:californiahomeschool.net 3035:Lenz, Lyz (2020-08-18). 2390:Dictionary.reference.com 2294:Modern Homeschool Family 1944:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1883:"The New Counterculture" 1406:professional association 78:Not to be confused with 7758:Parental responsibility 7718:Cost of raising a child 6593:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5787:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4067:Encyclopædia Britannica 3463:The Wall Street Journal 3192:10.14507/epaa.v7n8.1999 3150:. HSLDA. Archived from 2926:(Odysseus Group, 2008). 2486:www.educationcorner.com 1753:Encyclopædia Britannica 1485:Homeschooling in Canada 1378:Legality and prevalence 1240:Child abuse and neglect 864:Homeschool cooperatives 833:doing math or English. 133:elective home education 6894:Homeschool cooperative 6375:British Virgin Islands 5889:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3148:"Academic Achievement" 3069:"CHN - Homeschool FAQ" 2482:"What is Unschooling?" 2318:Pickert, Lori (2012). 1740:Welton, James (1911). 1259:relies excessively on 1139:relies excessively on 953:relies excessively on 650:learning theories and 580:partially homeschooled 509: 261: 239:Commonwealth countries 193:varies by jurisdiction 169:Commonwealth countries 113: 88:Out-of-school learning 7880:Families Need Fathers 7441:After-school activity 7365:Concerted cultivation 7360:Buddha-like parenting 7292:Nature versus nurture 7257:Cognitive development 7045:Alternative education 6576:and other territories 6315:Saint Kitts and Nevis 5282:São Tomé and Príncipe 5142:Republic of the Congo 3553:on 30 September 2024. 2878:on September 19, 2018 1450:Alternative education 612:learning environments 503: 462:. Holt advocated for 405:Rousas John Rushdoony 336:developed countries. 252: 235:in the United Kingdom 111: 101:. For the novel, see 7738:Right to family life 7665:Dysfunctional family 7375:Free-range parenting 7350:Attachment parenting 7340:Achievement ideology 6960:International status 6889:All-in-one curricula 6464:Education in Oceania 5840:Education in Europe 5701:United Arab Emirates 5068:Education in Africa 4291:Instructional design 3982:Reich, Rob. (2002). 3733:State of Connecticut 3469:on January 18, 2010. 3278:(13). Archived from 2904:on 20 September 2017 2139:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 2005:. 12 December 2017. 1907:Riley, Gina (2015). 1455:History of education 1364:child abuse registry 924:socioeconomic status 911:convenience sampling 900:Research on outcomes 842:Hybrid homeschooling 837:Hybrid homeschooling 790:The Exhausted School 739:traditional approach 733:(variously known as 726:All-in-one curricula 364:improve this section 354:may not represent a 231:in the United States 219:convenience sampling 7753:Parental alienation 7680:Narcissistic parent 7604:Positive discipline 7425:Work at home parent 7405:Strict father model 7390:Nurturant parenting 7297:Parental investment 7132:Kinship terminology 7014:Education Otherwise 6330:Trinidad and Tobago 6225:Antigua and Barbuda 6105:States with limited 5728:limited recognition 5357:States with limited 5056:Education by region 4782:Secondary education 4694:Teaching philosophy 4597:Pedagogical pattern 4540:21st century skills 4519:Religious education 4162:Aims and objectives 3877:on 14 November 2007 3771:Lines, Patricia M. 3546:The Washington Post 3351:on 12 February 2013 2922:John Taylor Gatto, 2152:WELT (2016-11-13). 1410:Elizabeth Bartholet 920:confounding factors 881:for homeschoolers. 815:Autonomous learning 810:Autonomous learning 616:classical education 103:Home School (novel) 52:improve the article 7799:T. Berry Brazelton 7536:Social integration 7272:Identity formation 7081:Schools portal 6791:Schools portal 6265:Dominican Republic 5460:Education in Asia 4787:Tertiary education 4725:Learning resources 4216:Education sciences 3574:. House of Commons 3444:2005-04-09 at the 3282:on 12 January 2015 3154:on 31 October 2012 3041:The New York Times 2824:www.homeschool.com 2794:The Clearing House 2395:2016-03-02 at the 2371:. 27 February 2021 1964:Hanes, Stephanie. 1861:jthought.42.3-4.71 1849:Journal of Thought 1693:2016-01-01 at the 1592:10.1111/cdep.12441 1425:mandated reporters 1414:Harvard University 1400:, a United States 1112:more likely to be 1090:standardized tests 1050:academic integrity 652:situated cognition 584:distance education 510: 484:distance education 460:How Children Learn 284:possibly contains 262: 255:Fireside Education 173:distance education 114: 84:Independent school 80:Distance education 7923: 7922: 7733:Family disruption 7655:Cinderella effect 7635:Child abandonment 7609:Tactical ignoring 7506:Moral development 7385:Helicopter parent 7380:Gatekeeper parent 7345:Atlas personality 7322:Social psychology 7267:Human development 7252:Child development 7237:Attachment theory 7090: 7089: 6915:John Taylor Gatto 6820: 6819: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6742:other territories 6651: 6650: 6643:Wallis and Futuna 6551:Associated states 6458: 6457: 6347:other territories 6206: 6205: 5833: 5832: 5770:other territories 5453: 5452: 5384:other territories 5157:Equatorial Guinea 5046: 5045: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4777:Primary education 4748: 4747: 4637:Dialogic learning 4607:Teacher retention 4560:Critical thinking 4555:Class arrangement 4524:Special education 4199:Standardized test 4182:Course evaluation 4031:978-1-59181-009-4 3706:. 22 January 2018 2636:YC Young Children 2462:dpa International 2208:Calvert Education 1743:"Education" 1505:Informal learning 1344: 1343: 1336: 1318: 1224: 1223: 1216: 1198: 1040:According to the 1038: 1037: 1030: 1012: 854:COVID-19 pandemic 804:total institution 780:John Taylor Gatto 686:informal learning 680:Informal learning 674:Informal learning 665:distance learning 640:Waldorf education 632:Montessori method 480:COVID-19 pandemic 456:How Children Fail 396: 395: 388: 329: 328: 321: 286:original research 127:), also known as 73: 72: 16:(Redirected from 7943: 7773:Shared parenting 7584:Blanket training 7576:Child discipline 7216:In loco parentis 7195:Shared parenting 7117: 7110: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7079: 7078: 7077: 6935:Rousas Rushdoony 6847: 6840: 6833: 6824: 6823: 6810: 6809: 6800: 6799: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6762: 6750:Falkland Islands 6664:Sovereign states 6653: 6652: 6633:Pitcairn Islands 6603:French Polynesia 6588:Christmas Island 6517:Papua New Guinea 6497:Marshall Islands 6470:Sovereign states 6460: 6459: 6415:Saint Barthélemy 6345:Dependencies and 6218:Sovereign states 6208: 6207: 6143:Dependencies and 5847:Sovereign states 5835: 5834: 5823: 5813: 5812: 5782:Christmas Island 5468:Sovereign states 5455: 5454: 5445: 5444:(United Kingdom) 5440:Tristan da Cunha 5436:Ascension Island 5428: 5415: 5406: 5382:Dependencies and 5075:Sovereign states 5063: 5062: 5052: 5051: 5035: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4953:Higher education 4949: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4894:Secondary school 4890: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4768: 4767: 4754: 4753: 4682:Student-centered 4667:Phenomenon-based 4657:Peer instruction 4622:Blended learning 4545:Bloom's taxonomy 4509:Gifted education 4504:Education reform 4336:Computer science 4117: 4116: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4079: 4078: 4035: 4005: 4004: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3917:Phi Delta Kappan 3912: 3906: 3905: 3898:Phi Delta Kappan 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3873:. 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4476: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4221:Evidence-based 4218: 4213: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4156: 4155:By perspective 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4112: 4105: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4059: 4053: 4050:Cato Institute 4041: 4040:External links 4038: 4037: 4036: 4030: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006: 3988: 3975: 3945: 3926: 3907: 3888: 3862: 3837: 3800: 3763: 3738: 3716: 3691: 3646: 3597: 3585: 3556: 3531: 3516: 3495: 3472: 3449: 3430: 3417: 3401: 3399:, 122, 145–150 3388: 3375: 3362: 3339:(3): 195–202. 3319: 3306: 3293: 3258: 3224: 3198: 3165: 3139: 3113: 3089: 3060: 3024: 2987: 2962: 2928: 2915: 2889: 2870: 2840: 2811: 2784: 2765:(3): 195–202. 2747: 2688: 2669:(2): 430–432. 2653: 2626: 2599: 2573: 2544: 2523: 2502: 2473: 2449: 2425: 2414:www.noodle.com 2400: 2381: 2356: 2335: 2310: 2281: 2252: 2220: 2195: 2170: 2144: 2125: 2100: 2079: 2049: 2019: 1994: 1982: 1956: 1930: 1899: 1873: 1835: 1803: 1782:(3): 367–403. 1762: 1748:Chisholm, Hugh 1732: 1706: 1676: 1656:978-1138651340 1655: 1637: 1631:978-1137446848 1630: 1612: 1555: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1435:speculated in 1420:another poll. 1390: 1387: 1382:Main article: 1379: 1376: 1348:sexually abuse 1342: 1341: 1256: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1222: 1221: 1136: 1134: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1086:biased samples 1036: 1035: 950: 948: 941: 935: 932: 915:selection bias 906: 903: 901: 898: 865: 862: 838: 835: 811: 808: 753:Main article: 750: 747: 735:school-at-home 727: 724: 714: 711: 702: 699: 678:Main article: 675: 672: 648:constructivist 595: 592: 491: 488: 471: 468: 411:nature of the 403:In the 1960s, 400: 397: 394: 393: 376:September 2024 358:of the subject 356:worldwide view 351: 349: 342: 327: 326: 281: 279: 272: 266: 263: 246: 243: 226: 223: 129:home education 121:home schooling 74: 71: 70: 64:September 2024 39: 37: 30: 18:Home-schooling 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7948: 7937: 7936:Homeschooling 7934: 7933: 7931: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7873:Organizations 7871: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7859:B. F. Skinner 7857: 7855: 7854:William Sears 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7824:Thomas Gordon 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7713:Child support 7711: 7709: 7708:Child custody 7706: 7705: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7650:Child neglect 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7481:Homeschooling 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7317:Socialization 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7302:Paternal bond 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7287:Maternal bond 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7200:Single parent 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7160:Alloparenting 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7113: 7111: 7106: 7104: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7083: 7082: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007:Organizations 7005: 6999: 6998:United States 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6945:Peter Kowalke 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6854:Homeschooling 6848: 6843: 6841: 6836: 6834: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6813: 6805: 6803: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6763: 6758: 6756: 6755:French Guiana 6753: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6654: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:New Caledonia 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6598:Easter Island 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6342: 6336: 6335:United States 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6209: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6157:Faroe Islands 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6129:South Ossetia 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5981:Liechtenstein 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5751:South Ossetia 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5424: 5420: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5197:Guinea-Bissau 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5000: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4987:Undergraduate 4985: 4984: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4942: 4923: 4917: 4913: 4912:Middle school 4910: 4909: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4883: 4864: 4858: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4826: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4677:Project-based 4675: 4673: 4672:Problem-based 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4632:Demonstration 4630: 4628: 4627:Contemplative 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4514:Homeschooling 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4361:Environmental 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4286:Instructional 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4189:Psychometrics 4187: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4073: 4070:, written by 4069: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3966: 3962: 3959:, Routledge, 3958: 3957: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3833: 3827: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3774: 3767: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3687: 3681: 3667:on 2019-06-05 3663: 3656: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3592: 3590: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3527: 3520: 3506:on 2015-08-24 3502: 3498: 3496:9780691114682 3492: 3485: 3484: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3386:, 16, 288–308 3385: 3379: 3372: 3366: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3247:on 2013-01-05 3246: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3079:on 2016-10-01 3078: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3029: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2952:on 2016-11-29 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2882:September 18, 2877: 2873: 2871:9780190264093 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2830:on 2017-07-07 2829: 2825: 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