Hubal pacifications

841:. At the school, the prisoners’ identities were checked, leading to the release of some individuals under 15 or over 60 years old. Meanwhile, the Germans completely burned the village. Shortly thereafter, groups of 10 men were led out of the school building, transported by truck to the Rzuców forest, and executed over previously dug graves. The wounded were finished off with bayonets. Only four prisoners survived the massacre by escaping from the site of the execution. Over 20 men also survived by either evading capture by the Germans or being released shortly after their detention. The Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland estimated the number of those murdered at 265 people (other sources suggest that 215, 216, or 228 men were executed). The village, which before the war had about 400 homesteads, was almost entirely burned down. Only the school and from 2 to 5 other buildings survived. This was the bloodiest of all the Hubal pacifications. The crime was committed by members of the 51st 1053: 437: 802: 956:. In the remaining cases, repression against the civilian population was applied even before the start of actions against the Polish unit (e.g., the first pacification of Gałki) or only after their conclusion, sometimes even after several days (e.g., the pacifications of Szałas Stary and Hucisko, the second pacification of Gałki). Furthermore, victims of German repression included villages where the Hubal unit never stationed (Stefanków, Skłoby), and even those through which it never passed (Królewiec). 527:

remaining silent about such actions and arms caches, the silent become accomplices in the rebellion, and their fate will be that of the rebels Only if the population unequivocally distances itself from the agitators and reports to me about suspects, as well as arms caches, documents, and uniforms, will I be able to prevent the impending action. However, if such things continue to be concealed, I will not be able to defend the population, as I will have no facts to prove their peacefulness.

103: 20: 517:, who was present, announced that the Polish armed uprising would be suppressed with absolute force, and "wherever the population cooperated with the bandits, villages will be burned, and the inhabitants shot". Dr. Albrecht, the German district head of Końskie, warned that he would not be able to prevent reprisals unless the population demonstrated "diligent cooperation". That same day, Albrecht issued a proclamation falsely reporting the destruction of 869:. 22 men who hadn’t managed to escape were executed with machine-gun fire at the road leading to Boków. The wounded were finished off with bayonets. After the execution, the Germans supposedly threw grenades into the mass grave. Moreover, during a search of the women and children as they were being led to Długa Brzezina, the Germans found a man hiding among them, whom they beat to death with rifle butts. 935:

died in concentration camps, and two died as a result of torture. Eight individuals were imprisoned for five years in concentration camps. Between 190 and 200 detainees spent several weeks in prisons, where they were subjected to torture and brutal treatment. Additionally, nearly 2,000 Polish civilians were detained at collection points and terrorized.

744:. During the operation, the detainees were beaten and terrorized – some had mock executions staged, were photographed holding weapons, and were threatened with the harshest penalties for aiding "bandits". At the assembly points, the Germans checked the detainees' identities, trying to identify Jews, village heads, teachers, members of the 153:, where an enthusiastic reception from the local population convinced the major that the September defeat had not broken the will of the Polish society to resist. The idea of marching to Hungary was then abandoned in favor of continuing armed resistance in the occupied country. Shortly thereafter, Major Dobrzański adopted the codename 360:'s unit. During the fighting in the area of Szałas, the Polish soldiers managed to repel the attack and break away from the enemy. On the same day, in one of the settlements of Szałas, called Komorniki, the Germans arrested all encountered men, totaling 28 individuals (on April 1). The raiding parties also executed two men in 755:, small traders, and those registered for less than three months. Most of the detainees were eventually released. However, about 100 men, including all those captured in Królewiec (over 20), were taken to Skarżysko-Kamienna and imprisoned in a school-turned-jail in Bzin. After the manhunt ended, the blockade was lifted. 951:

The inhabitants of the pacified villages did not take direct part in the fight against the Germans, and in many cases, they had no connections with the Polish Armed Forces' Detached Unit. Andrzej Jankowski points out that only the pacification of Szałas-Komorniki was directly accompanied by the fight

778:

On April 8, a German punitive expedition pacified Szałas Stary. The pacifiers first ordered all men to gather at the school under the pretext of a meeting. They then began driving the population out of their homes, killing several sick or elderly men in the process. Women and children were instructed

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Jankowski, Andrzej (2009). "Wieś polska na ziemiach okupowanych przez Niemcy w czasie II wojny światowej w postępowaniach karnych organów wymiaru sprawiedliwości RFN" [Polish Villages in Territories Occupied by Germany During World War II in Criminal Proceedings of the Justice Authorities of the

982:

In Końskie, there was an insane outburst by Hubal (Major Do), who twice disobeyed the order to disband the partisans and initiated an armed uprising, albeit a brief one, costing the lives of many peasants who were shot in nearby villages. I am pursuing Hubal; I want to send him abroad and will bring

452:

near Radom, the Germans shot 145 men, including 70 residents of Stefanków, 40 residents of Gałki, 23 residents of Mechlin, and two residents of Korytków. Around the same time, 24 residents of Szałas-Komorniki were executed in Kielce. The remaining four prisoners from this village were transferred to

876:

officers murdered 11 men and a child. According to one witness, the victims were tied with rope, led out of the village, and shot. The bodies were buried at the execution site. The village, which had about 50 households, was completely burned down. The Germans gave the women and children an hour to

758:

The fates of those arrested on April 7–8 varied. After two weeks, the detainees from Chyby and Baran were released from Kielce prison, but many had been interrogated and tortured. The men taken to the jail in Skarżysko-Kamienna were also subjected to brutal treatment. At least 20 of them, including

541:

The Germans are trying another way to force us to disarm. Namely, they are threatening reprisals against the civilian population. This is such a dishonorable and vile act that only German brutality could conceive of it. The population is all the more innocent because, when faced with an armed unit,

172:

with intense military actions behind German lines. To this end, he attempted to create a clandestine military organization (the so-called Kielce Combat District) that would serve as support for his unit and help organize society in preparation for future armed uprising. In the first decade of March

1188:

unit, but no trial was ultimately initiated in the case. Based on an analysis of available documents, Andrzej Jankowski speculated that German investigators might have considered the actions of German units as at least partially consistent with the law of nations and deemed the participants in the

1020:

intended to avoid serious confrontations with the enemy until the start of the Allied offensive was to prevent reprisals against the civilian population. The actions of his unit in the second half of April 1940 were also conducted with the intention of protecting civilians from German retaliation.

943:

dated 15 May 1940, it was recorded that a total of 257 Poles were shot during the "action near Końskie". This number was also adopted by the Munich National Prosecutor's Office, which conducted an investigation into the Hubal pacifications after the war. Wolfgang Jacobmeyer estimated the number of

934:

The Main Commission for the Investigation of Hitlerite Crimes in Poland established that during the Hubal pacifications, 712 civilians were murdered, including two women and six children. Of these, 503 were killed directly during the pacifications, 183 were imprisoned and subsequently executed, 24

1251:

Crosses, memorial plaques, and small monuments in honor of the victims of the Hubal pacifications have been erected in Gałki, Hucisko, Królewiec, Stefanków, and Szałas. There is also a plaque commemorating the victims of the Hucisko pacification at the entrance to the parish church in Ruski Bród.

993:

The organization faced significant difficulties regarding the matter of Hubal. This brave but unruly officer began a partisan struggle against the Germans on his own, contrary to the orders of the Command General. As a result, he was defeated and later died during his escape The consequences of

526:

It has been noted that inciters and agitators have been active for months in various localities in the district, receiving weapons, uniforms, horses, food supplies, and volunteers from the civilian population, about which I have not been informed by the village heads and mayors in every case. By

3113:

Kumur, Halina (2016). "Gorzko-słodki smak zwycięstwa, walki Oddziału Wydzielonego Wojska Polskiego mjr. „Hubala" pod Huciskiem i Szałasem" [The Bittersweet Taste of Victory: The Battle of Major "Hubal's" Detached Unit of the Polish Army at Hucisko and Szałas]. In Kowalski, Robert (ed.).

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countered similar accusations, arguing that the German occupation was genocidal from the outset, and the Germans never needed a pretext to carry out mass murders of the civilian population. Therefore, the pacifications should be viewed as part of a deliberate policy of exterminating the Polish

947:

The greatest human losses were as follows: Skłoby (265 victims), Szałas (92 victims), Królewiec (80 victims), Stefanków (70 victims), Gałki (52 victims), Hucisko (43 victims), Stadnicka Wola, Jelenia Góra, Niebo, Piekło, and Sielpia Mała (29 victims), Mechlin (23 victims), Adamów (18 victims),

671:

Regiment, was killed by a stray bullet. His comrades believed he was shot by a Polish sniper, prompting the German command to order a retaliatory pacification. All conscription-aged men in Królewiec were arrested and marched to Smyków. At the same time, SS men burned Królewiec and set fires in

1452:

unit. This effectively dismissed the findings of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes, which indicated that over 700 people were victims of the Hubal pacifications. The justification also suggested that at least some of the victims had directly participated in the fighting

503:

Command and communication were entirely inadequate The behavior of the police formations regarding reconnaissance, security, and combat posture did not meet even the most basic requirements They shot at everything in sight – at women and crows alike On April 5, it was reported that

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emphasized that in every European country, the struggle against German occupiers resulted in reprisals against the civilian population. However, he assessed that ceasing this struggle – and consequently allowing Nazism to triumph – would result in immeasurably more casualties. He

279:

resulted in a severe defeat for the Germans. The Polish soldiers not only repelled the enemy's attack but also forced them to retreat, inflicting heavy losses of around 100 killed and wounded. The Polish losses were limited to 13 killed and missing, 10 wounded, and one deserter.

3733:

Jacobmeyer, Wolfgang (1972). "Henryk Dobrzanski („Hubal"). Ein biographischer Beitrag zu den Anfängen der polnischen Resistance im Zweiten Weltkrieg" [Henryk Dobrzanski ("Hubal"): A Biographical Contribution to the Beginnings of the Polish Resistance in World War II].

1239:

After the war, the remains of the victims of the Skłoby pacification were exhumed and reinterred at a newly established war cemetery. A monument – a pedestal with a five-meter wingspan – was also erected at the cemetery. The victims of the Hucisko pacification were buried in

2365:

Kuberski, Hubert (2021). "Nieznany dokument dotyczący Powstania w Getcie Warszawskim. Przesłuchanie SS-Obersturmbannführera Wilhelma Plänka" [Unknown Document Regarding the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The Interrogation of SS-Obersturmbannführer Wilhelm Plänk].

3652:(13 May 1964). "203 Aktion gegen Hubal (niepublikowane materiały niemieckiej Policji Bezpieczeństwa w sprawie majora Hubala-Dobrzańskiego)" [203 Aktion Against Hubal (Unpublished Materials of the German Security Police Regarding Major Hubal-Dobrzański)]. 825:

Krüger to cover up the failure of SS and police units during the manhunt in the Mniów–Sielpia Wielka–Stąporków triangle. The civilians murdered by Krüger were later included in his reports as fallen partisans, thus artificially inflating the losses inflicted on

1007:

in his memoirs published in the 1950s. Wolfgang Jacobmeyer indicated that the mere existence of his unit indirectly posed a threat to the civilian population, as the German occupying authorities needed only the slightest suspicion to impose ruthless reprisals.

877:

empty the houses and take out the livestock, though they later destroyed the belongings and equipment that had been removed. A few months later, the occupying authorities allowed the survivors to return to their home village but forbade its reconstruction.

1173: 775:(fought on April 1), the Germans returned to the village. They gathered all the men in the local school building and ordered them to report on the movements of the Polish unit. At the same time, they threatened death for failure to comply with the order. 944:

victims in a 1972 article to be at least 344. However, Robert Seidel, in his 2006 book on German occupation policy in the Radom District, relied on Polish sources, following them in concluding that 713 Poles died as a result of the pacification actions.

917:

The Hubal pacifications were the first such repressive actions carried out by the Germans in occupied Poland and Europe. In less than two weeks, various forms of repression affected 31 villages in the pre-war counties of Końskie, Kielce, and Opoczno:

494:, decided to conduct a large-scale pacification operation against the villages near which the Polish unit operated. Retaliation against the civilian population was meant to obscure the impression of failure caused by the previous defeats in combating 694:). Later that day, nearly all of the detainees from neighboring villages were executed in a field and forest near Smyków. The pacifications of Adamów and Królewiec claimed 83 lives: 61 residents of Królewiec, 18 from Adamów, and one each from Chyby, 922:

The Germans committed arson in 12 locations, destroying approximately 620 farmsteads. Four villages – Gałki, Hucisko, Skłoby, and Szałas Stary – were completely or nearly completely burned down, while much of the built-up area in Królewiec was also

84:

were subjected to various forms of repression. Four villages were completely burned down, while most of the buildings in a fifth village were destroyed. In total, 712 Polish civilians were murdered, including two women and six children.

1434:

wrote: "Until combat operations take the form of open warfare, one must seriously consider the possibility of enemy reprisals, which could harm the civilian population. Every effort must be made to avoid such consequences at all costs"

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to take their most necessary belongings and head towards Komorniki. After some time, the men were led out of the school and executed in small groups in barns or by the walls of houses. The village buildings were completely burned down.

938:

In other Polish sources, the number of victims of the Hubal pacifications has been estimated at 711 or 713. German investigators and historians initially tended to underestimate the number of victims. In a report from the chief of the

303:

intervened on their behalf. As a result, after a few days, eleven prisoners were released from prison, but ultimately only seven returned to their homes. Four others were reportedly re-arrested shortly after leaving the prison walls.

732:, the Germans shot three men returning from church, including a 14-year-old boy. From 15 villages and an indeterminate number of hamlets, they rounded up all the men (from 1,500 to 2,000 people), gathering them at assembly points in 542:

they must meet its demands. We communicate: for every person who suffers because of us, we will take merciless revenge, using German methods. Let every German soldier think carefully before raising a hand against a defenseless Pole.

344:

units. The Germans arrested 33 men, beat them, and then locked them in an empty house on the outskirts of the village. It is likely that they initially intended to burn the prisoners alive; however, they ultimately escorted them to

884:. Despite the German reprisals and clear orders from the High Command, the major was determined to continue open warfare in Polish uniform. He fought until 30 April 1940 when he was killed in a battle with a German manhunt near 959:

Robert Seidel considered the Hubal pacifications to mark the beginning of a new phase in German occupation policy in the Radom District, as they represented an expansion of mass terror to groups beyond just the intelligentsia.

968:

The events that unfolded in the Kielce region in the spring of 1940 reinforced the Polish leadership's conviction about the necessity of avoiding armed confrontation with the occupier. In a report dated 15 April 1940, Colonel

353:. During the march, a resident of Hucisko who could not keep up with the column was shot. In Wołów, the Germans released three underage boys from Hucisko, while the remaining 34 detainees were taken to the prison in Radom. 1196:

battalion appeared on an online auction site. The photos depicted, among other things, the pacification of Skłoby. Several images, including three taken in Skłoby, were purchased by Tomasz Kaleta and handed over to the

1037:

And in the case of Hubal, it must be remembered that his fight revealed and fully unleashed the potential inherent in the Germanic Nordics. He still had the right to assume that the non-combatants were protected by the

865:'s unit. The village, which had over 100 households, was completely burned down. Women and children were given just 15 minutes to gather livestock and essential personal belongings before being driven to the village of 1836:

Kisiel, Helena, ed. (2001). "Początki okupacji niemieckiej w dystrykcie radomskim (wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1940)" [The Beginnings of the German Occupation in the Radom District (September 1939 – June 1940)].

1211:

In the archives of the SD and Security Police Commander's Office for the Radom District, a folder containing 11 documents (reports, orders, interrogation protocols) related to the actions taken by the Germans against

1104:. Krüger personally commanded the failed attack on Hucisko and the pacification of Stefanków and ordered the massacre of the residents of Królewiec and other villages. Katzmann also took part in the operation against 852:

A few days after the first pacification in Hucisko, a provocateur appeared, posing as a Polish officer. He questioned the locals about the names of men who had avoided arrest on March 31. On April 11, SS units,

1352:, p. 67)). However, it is likely that two individuals were mistakenly added to the list of victims, as they were murdered by the Germans in September 1944, during the second pacification of the village ( 926:

In 8 villages – Gałki, Hucisko, Królewcu, Mechlin, Skłoby, Stefanków, Szałas Stary, Szałas-Komorniki – the Germans attempted to exterminate the entire male population. This intention was only unsuccessful in

456:

A different fate befell the detainees from Hucisko and Boków. Two men were released from the prison in Radom after some time, although one of them died shortly afterward. Meanwhile, 32 men were taken to the

218:

tried to avoid serious clashes with the Germans. Nevertheless, the very existence of a Polish unit was a cause for concern for the occupiers, especially in light of the expected outbreak of fighting on the

1112:, bore responsibility for all crimes committed by SS and police units in the area under his jurisdiction. Krüger even credited Katzmann with the primary role in suppressing the "Polish armed uprising". 323:, where the Germans arrested two more individuals (the local landowner and his son). Ultimately, all the detainees were imprisoned in Radom. That day, a total of 157 people arrested during the hunt for 673: 660:, where five men were killed along the way, and two more were wounded. Meanwhile, in Królewiec, the Germans set up firing positions from which they shelled nearby villages and hamlets. At one point, 759:

19 residents of Królewiec, were executed on June 29 in the Brzask forest. The remaining prisoners were eventually released, though one died shortly afterward from injuries sustained during torture.

903:'s unit as one of the examples demonstrating the alleged threat of a Polish uprising, which was used to justify the need for the extermination of Polish intelligentsia as part of the so-called 429:

before resuming his retreat to the southwest. Shortly thereafter, reduced to 23 soldiers, the unit took quarters in the village of Mały Węgrzyn. The Germans, having lost combat contact with

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The justification for the decision to discontinue the investigation conducted by the Munich I Public Prosecutor's Office stated that 257 Poles lost their lives during the operation against

705:, Piaseczno, and Znajoma. The Germans also burned 55 farms, including most of Królewiec's buildings. The crimes were committed by soldiers of the 7th and 8th Companies of the 8th SS- 648:, they killed two men and burned a farm and a barn. Additionally, about 100 men were arrested in these villages and taken to prison in Kielce. However, the worst crimes occurred in 793:

It was only after three days that the Germans ordered the residents of the neighboring village of Zaupuście to collect the bodies of the murdered and bury them in a nearby field.

580:

Battalion murdered the family of Marian Gut – both his parents and two siblings aged 3 and 12 – and burned their farm (April 4). Two days later, the Germans murdered one man in

127: 406:, where they stealthily crossed the outer ring of the German blockade. However, the infantry subunit was unable to breach the German cordon. Its commander, Second Lieutenant 610:

forester's lodge, killed 11 men in Małachów, including eight villagers, two forest workers, and a passerby. That same day, the second column passed through the villages of

504:

SS-Obergruppenführer Krüger was in the field, personally directing the retaliatory action. The plan is to execute all men residing in the villages affected by the fighting.

622:, executing 24 Polish men along the way. On April 7, SS men from the same unit killed five more people, including two children. Among the victims were three residents of 177:

gained great popularity and authority among the local population, and his activities contributed to breaking the prevailing apathy and discouragement in Polish society.

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Małachów Fabryczny (11 victims), Boków (4 victims), Koprusa (4 victims), Błotnica (3 victims). In other villages, the number of murdered did not exceed 1 or 2 persons.

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ended in failure. In this situation, the major turned back west, simultaneously dividing his unit into two parts. On the night of April 1/2, a cavalry subunit led by

299:, where they were subjected to intense interrogations and brutal treatment. Since some of the detainees were miners from the Skalna Górka mine, director Absolon from 295:. During transportation and their stay at staging points, the prisoners were beaten and tormented. Ultimately, all the men from Stefanków were taken to the prison in 745: 1115:

The Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes' findings also indicate that the following participated directly or indirectly in the Hubal pacifications:

684: 782:

On that day, 64 men were murdered in Szałas Stary. 50 homesteads were destroyed. The crimes were committed by soldiers of the 1st SS Cavalry Regiment (1st SS-

994:

this: bloody terror, the complete destruction of several villages, and the execution of 700 peasants, contributed to deterring people from the organization.

168:’s unit became the Kielce Land. The major aimed to await the anticipated Franco-British offensive in the spring of 1940 and then support the actions of the 311:'s headquarters, and which was the second target of the assault after Hucisko – 40 men aged 15 to 60 were detained. Another 23 men were arrested in nearby 407: 307:

On March 30, the German police also conducted searches and arrests in several other villages. In Gałki – where the Germans knew there had previously been

513:, attended by Polish mayors and village heads from the Końskie County. The head of the internal affairs department in the office of the governor of the 3396:

Kaleta, Tomasz (11 July 2018). "Nieznane fotografie z operacji przeciwko „Hubalowi"" [Unknown Photographs from the Operation Against "Hubal"].

4151:"Terror hitlerowski na wsi kieleckiej. Wybór dokumentów źródłowych" [Nazi Terror in the Kielce Countryside: A Selection of Source Documents]. 1282: 137:

gathered around him a group of officers and soldiers determined to continue fighting the Germans. Initially, Dobrzański planned to come to the aid of

623: 1410:

Three pacified villages were located in the Kielce District, two in the Opoczno District, and the remaining ones belonged to the Końskie District (

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On the night of April 10/11, Skłoby was surrounded by a punitive expedition. The Germans detained almost all adult men and boys, who were taken to

592: 678: 1189:

repressive operation either incapable of standing trial or not subject to prosecution (for example, due to the fact they were following orders).

1301: 603: 3428: 1172:

After 1960, materials concerning the Hubal pacifications were transferred by the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes to the

395: 653: 656:. In Adamów, the Germans burned several farms, shot two men, and arrested most of the remaining inhabitants. The detainees were marched to 597: 1260:

References to the crimes committed by the Germans in retaliation for the activities of Major Dobrzański's unit are included in the report

729: 320: 741: 695: 350: 448:

The fate of those arrested in the first days of the hunt was tragically severe in most cases. On 4 April 1940, at the execution site in

4121: 4081: 4044: 4007: 3970: 3933: 3896: 3859: 3822: 3785: 3753: 3725: 3698: 3671: 3641: 2794:

Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion 1940 – AB Action in Polish Territories: Materials from the Scientific Session (November 6–7, 1986)

619: 720:

entered the blockaded area. The manhunt affected villages already pacified in previous days (Królewiec, Adamów, Chyby), but bypassed

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for German crimes is a "misunderstanding". In this context, he also critically evaluates the use of the term "Hubal pacifications".

4189: 569: 568:'s unit, as it had left the area days earlier. However, numerous crimes were committed against civilians during the blockade. In 88:

The Hubal pacifications were the first repressive action of this kind carried out by the Germans in occupied Poland and Europe.

645: 641: 615: 3904:

Porczek, Wiesław (2008). "216 mogił w Skłobach" [216 Graves in Skłoby]. In Durlej, Stanisław; Gmitruk, Janusz (eds.).

4090: 4065: 3991: 3954: 3917: 3880: 3568: 3127: 3097: 2928: 146: 2790:

Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion 1940 – akcja AB na ziemiach polskich: materiały z sesji naukowej (6–7 listopada 1986 r.)

149:. Several dozen of his subordinates had similar intentions. In the first days of October 1939, the unit made its way to the 32: 1252:

Additionally, at the cemetery in Radom's Firlej, there is a plaque honoring the victims of the execution on 4 April 1940.

1052: 453:

detention in Skarżysko-Kamienna. They were likely executed on 29 June 1940 during a large execution in the Brzask forest.

132: 426: 4194: 1039: 891:

During a conference on "extraordinary measures necessary to ensure peace and order in the General Government", held in

212:, where it stayed for over two weeks. Due to an influx of volunteers, its number soon increased to over 100 soldiers. 4141: 4028: 3843: 3806: 3625: 1198: 834: 809:

On April 11, the final act of the repressive operation took place. On this day, the Germans pacified three villages:

288: 4097:

Pacification of Stefanków, Hucisk, and Skłoby by the Nazis After the Battle with Major "Hubal's" Unit in Spring 1940

821:. Zygmunt Kosztyła suspected that these crimes – like the earlier pacification of Szałas Stary – were ordered by SS- 4092:

Pacyfikacja Stefankowa, Hucisk i Skłobów przez hitlerowców po bitwie z oddziałem WP mjra „Hubala”, wiosna 1940 roku

458: 158: 97: 36: 2574: 1064:

According to the findings of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland, the manhunt for

636:

On April 7, the Germans made several raids deeper into the blockaded area. In the Krasna region, they burned the

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on 17 July 1940. Of this group, only eight survived their time in the camp (seven from Hucisko, one from Boków).

838: 264: 4199: 1165: 69: 1151:

units – a company from the non-commissioned officer school in Kozienice, and four other companies composed of

412: 291:, totaling 77 individuals. The detainees were first taken to the forestry office in Chlewiska and then to the 436: 372: 312: 150: 2796:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Zakład Historii Najnowszej Uniwersytetu Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie. pp. 10–11. 204:, who was determined to continue open combat. The reduced unit left its previous quarters in the village of 4184: 888:. Deprived of their leader, the unit continued its combat activities until 25 June 1940 when it disbanded. 725: 220: 3170: 750: 649: 334:'s soldiers managed to break away from the enemy and, after a 25-kilometer march, reached the village of 1087: 491: 200:, a significant number of officers and soldiers left the ranks (on March 13). 70 soldiers remained with 905: 810: 205: 1174:

Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes

473:'s unit damaged the prestige of the German police authorities. This was likely the key reason why the 814: 657: 276: 209: 1060:

Friedrich Wilhelm Krüger (second from the right, in a helmet) during a police parade in Kraków, 1939

689: 433:'s soldiers, announced on April 2 the end of the operation and the dismantling of the Polish unit. 772: 335: 4204: 885: 181: 1123: 388: 292: 1344:

Some sources state that on 4 April 1940, 72 men arrested in Stefanków were executed at Firlej (

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Regiment burned one house and killed two men (April 4–5). In Koprusa, policemen from the 111th

169: 138: 3779: 3747: 3665: 1184:

prosecutor's office identified the names of 285 living participants in the operation against

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also placed shared responsibility for the pacifications and the deaths of over 700 people on

35:

in Poland from March 30 to April 11, 1940. It targeted villages located near areas where the

1265: 376: 256: 3906:

Zbrodnie hitlerowskie na wsi polskiej w latach 1939–1945. Wspomnienia, pamiętniki i relacje

2923:] (in Polish) (1 ed.). Warsaw: Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 18. 1069: 974: 532:

Meanwhile, in a communiqué issued to the population of the Końskie region on 4 April 1940,

474: 3092:(in Polish) (2 ed.). Warsaw: Światowy Związek Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej. p. 107. 1081: 485: 402:. The cavalrymen then hid all day in a dense thicket and, after nightfall, set off toward 123: 107: 40: 8: 3120:

In Service of the Republic: The History of Wars and Military Affairs in Regional Research

1287: 661: 283:

On the same day that the battle at Hucisko took place, the advancing second wave of the

4115: 4075: 4038: 4001: 3964: 3927: 3890: 3853: 3816: 3719: 3692: 3635: 1073: 728:, and German-occupied villages along the perimeter of the triangle. In the forest near 349:, where another five men were arrested. Then, all 38 detainees were marched on foot to 234: 119: 628: 4160: 4137: 4136:] (in Polish). Vol. I. Wrocław-Warsaw-Kraków-Gdańsk-Łódź: Ossolineum. 1990. 4061: 4024: 3987: 3950: 3913: 3876: 3839: 3802: 3767: 3621: 3564: 3123: 3093: 2924: 2375: 1846: 1327:, pp. 25, 106)). Ultimately, only some of the villagers heeded this suggestion ( 1275:

Scenes depicting the pacification of a Polish village were featured in the 1973 film

930:

Five villages – Adamów, Gałki, Hucisko, Królewiec, and Szałas – were repressed twice.

866: 73: 1140:

The Radom Police Regiment, as well as the 51st, 104th, and 111th battalions of the

193: 4104: 3685:

Village in Flames: The Extermination of Polish Villages During the Nazi Occupation

1192:

On May 2018, photographs from the album of a non-commissioned officer of the 51st

3910:

Nazi Crimes in Polish Villages from 1939 to 1945: Memories, Diaries, and Accounts

3122:] (in Polish). Nowy Targ: Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. pp. 162–163. 251: 58: 3584: 141:, and when he received news of its capitulation, he decided to break through to 3555:

Wańkowicz, Melchior; Ziółkowska-Boehm, Aleksandra; Wańkowicz, Melchior (1990).

3116:

W służbie Rzeczypospolitej. Dzieje wojen i wojskowości w badaniach regionalnych

1377:

During the raid conducted on April 8, the Germans reportedly killed one Jew in

1244:, while those from the Adamów and Królewiec pacifications were laid to rest in 1101: 970: 611: 561: 557: 514: 81: 3618:

Guide to Memorialized Places of Battles and Martyrdom. The War Years 1939–1945

3614:

Przewodnik po upamiętnionych miejscach walk i męczeństwa. Lata wojny 1939–1945

188:’s plans, attempted to disband the unit. On the order of the commander of the 4178: 4164: 3912:] (in Polish). Kielce; Warsaw: Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego. 3799:

Końskie and Końskie County 1939–1945. Part 2: "The Little War" of Major Hubal

3771: 3649: 2379: 1850: 1227:

In some Polish sources, the Hubal pacifications are sometimes referred to as

1153: 1028: 801: 449: 441: 246: 77: 52: 1323:

for advice on what to do next. He replied, "The men and women could leave" (

1241: 1095: 361: 260: 1277: 1000: 700: 421:, was forced to allow the soldiers to leave the encirclement on their own. 340: 64: 189: 184:, whose concepts of fighting the occupier were drastically different from 3681:

Wieś w ogniu. Eksterminacja wsi polskiej w okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej

1177: 547: 271:, launched a hunt for the Polish unit. The attack on the headquarters of 102: 1378: 1224:). None of the documents directly referred to the pacification actions. 737: 733: 716:

On April 8, two strong columns of SS men, policemen, and members of the

581: 399: 316: 19: 1245: 1068:

unit and the reprisals against the civilian population were led by the

896: 721: 1129:

regiments, as well as elements of the 1st SS Cavalry Regiment (1st SS-

588: 510: 3795:

Końskie i powiat konecki 1939–1945. Cz. 2: „Mała wojna” majora Hubala

3173:[78th Anniversary of the Formation of Major "Hubal's" Unit]. 963: 552:

From April 4 to 6, SS and police units encircled the area within the

536:

refuted German reports of the destruction of his unit, while stating:

268: 229: 2374:(280). Żydowski Instytut Historyczny im. Emanuela Ringelbluma: 997. 892: 818: 1397:

Other sources state that 25 men were murdered that day in Hucisko (

403: 3554: 2921:

Pines Were Witnesses: Końskie Land During the Occupation 1939-1945

2788:

Mańkowski, Zygmunt (1992). "Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion".

872:

In Gałki, which had been pacified for the first time on March 30,

553: 346: 31:

is a term used to describe a repressive action carried out by the

3980:

Deutsche Besatzungspolitik in Polen. Der Distrikt Radom 1939–1945

142: 3984:

German Occupation Policy in Poland: The Radom District 1939–1945

2917:

Sosny były świadkami: ziemia konecka w latach okupacji 1939-1945

640:

forester’s lodge and murdered forester Konstanty Dutkiewicz. In

1181: 425:

waited in vain for the infantry for two days in the village of

380: 300: 16:

Repressive action carried out by the German occupiers in Poland

988:

In a report dated November 21 of the same year, Rowecki noted:

845:

Battalion. According to Polish sources, members of the SS and

319:, from where they were transported by trucks to the estate in 3793:

Kacperski, Bogumił; Wroniszewski, Jan Zbigniew, eds. (2005).

296: 223:. In March 1940, the Germans began preparations to deal with 3943:„Hubal” i jego oddział wydzielony Wojska Polskiego 1939–1940 3563:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Polonia. pp. 374, 387, 397. 1368:, p. 109) state that these events took place in Krasna. 338:. On March 31, the unguarded Hucisko was occupied by SS and 1216:

unit was found after the war. The title on the cover read:

444:

commemorating the victims of the executions of 4 April 1940

327:'s unit found themselves in the cells of the Radom prison. 315:. The detainees from both villages were marched on foot to 3986:] (in German). Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh. 3947:"Hubal" and His Detached Unit of the Polish Army 1939–1940 3687:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza. 371:

directed his unit east, intending to break through to the

356:

On April 1, the Germans made another attempt to dismantle

1016:

nation. They also emphasized that one of the key reasons

796: 157:. Beginning in February 1940, his unit was known as the 1090:, and the SS and Police Leader in the Radom District ( 548:

Manhunt in the Mniów–Sielpia Wielka–Stąporków triangle

3792: 2727: 2691: 2643: 2132: 2120: 2108: 1324: 3087: 1839:

Biuletyn Kwartalny Radomskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego

805:

Memorial to the victims of the pacification of Gałki

667:

Stanfer, commander of the 7th Company of the 8th SS-

287:

unit detained all the men present in the village of

180:

Meanwhile, in mid-March 1940, the leadership of the

4060:] (in Polish). Tomaszów Mazowiecki: PAJ-PRESS. 3832:

Oddział Wydzielony Wojska Polskiego Majora „Hubala”

4150: 3431:[Kielce Countryside During World War II]. 3353: 3338: 3323: 3308: 3293: 3278: 3263: 3236: 3218: 2979: 2887: 2872: 2833: 2806: 2673: 2655: 2598: 2546: 2492: 2477: 2431: 2392: 2349: 2315: 2285: 2267: 2252: 2237: 2171: 2054: 2030: 1992: 1905: 1890: 1875: 1790: 1742: 1727: 1688: 1673: 1475: 1411: 1382: 964:Assessments by contemporary figures and historians 633:. In this village, one farmstead was also burned. 23:Cemetery of the victims of the Skłoby pacification 3836:Detached Unit of the Polish Army of Major "Hubal" 3611: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3467: 3171:"78. rocznica powstania oddziału majora „Hubala"" 1319:After the battle at Hucisko, the villagers asked 4176: 3949:] (in Polish). Końskie: Edipresse-Kolekcje. 3088:Sobierajski, Henryk; Dyszyński, Andrzej (2012). 3708:Zbrodnie hitlerowskie na wsi polskiej 1939–1945 3705: 2851: 2628: 2507: 2453: 2419: 2330: 2300: 2193: 2159: 1820: 1805: 1703: 1398: 1365: 1353: 762: 587:On April 6, two strong SS columns set out from 464: 173:1940, the unit already had 320 soldiers. Major 3620:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Sport i Turystyka. 1302:Pacification actions in German-occupied Poland 952:fought by the Germans against the soldiers of 375:. However, the attempt to cross the road from 4128: 3036: 3021: 509:On April 5, an emergency meeting was held in 3838:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON. 3714:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1160:The police telephone operator company under 72:. A total of 31 villages in the counties of 3429:"Wieś kielecka w latach II wojny światowej" 1119:The personal staffs of Krüger and Katzmann; 237:temporarily delayed the start of the hunt. 4103:(in Polish). Radom: ZBoWiD. Archived from 4051: 3732: 3542: 3530: 3063: 2955: 227:, but jurisdictional disputes between the 4014: 3866: 3760: 3678: 3383: 3368: 3194: 3090:"Hubal" major Henryk Dobrzański 1897-1940 3051: 2997: 2943: 2821: 2787: 2739: 2703: 2613: 2522: 2220: 2144: 1490: 1454: 1349: 1332: 394:Regiment deployed along the road between 3829: 3712:Nazi Crimes in Polish Villages 1939–1945 3612:Czubryt-Borkowski, Czesław, ed. (1988). 3251: 3154: 3075: 2902: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2407: 2364: 2208: 2081: 2069: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1920: 1863: 1769: 1757: 1661: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1526: 1514: 1502: 1436: 1328: 1051: 800: 435: 101: 18: 4088: 3940: 3903: 3801:] (in Polish). Końskie: Arslibris. 3478: 3476: 3463: 3461: 3452: 3379: 3377: 3232: 3230: 3165: 3163: 3142: 2993: 2991: 2914: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2847: 2845: 2715: 2561: 2534: 2465: 1715: 1538: 1345: 861:returned to the former headquarters of 849:also participated in the pacification. 564:triangle. The Germans failed to corner 469:The unsuccessful attempts to dismantle 387:broke through the positions of the 8th 255:units, concentrated in the vicinity of 4177: 4120:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4080:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4043:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4006:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3977: 3969:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3932:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3895:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3858:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3821:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3784:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3752:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3724:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3706:Fajkowski, Józef; Religa, Jan (1981). 3697:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3670:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3648: 3640:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3414: 3395: 3206: 3009: 2967: 2687: 2685: 2669: 2667: 2639: 2637: 2624: 2622: 2518: 2516: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2311: 2309: 2281: 2279: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2093: 2026: 2024: 1835: 1021:According to Jacek Lombarski, blaming 837:and then transported to the school in 797:Last stage of the repressive operation 602:river. The first unit, heading toward 240: 3112: 2204: 2202: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2155: 2153: 2104: 2102: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1831: 1829: 1816: 1814: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1657: 1655: 1428:Outline of the Combat District Kielce 1204: 114:, with his soldiers. Winter 1939/1940 3736:Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte 3473: 3458: 3374: 3227: 3160: 2988: 2857: 2842: 1133:). The participation of the 10th SS- 145:and from there reach the rebuilding 50:The pacification operation involved 4023:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Uwipal. 3426: 2682: 2664: 2634: 2619: 2513: 2440: 2336: 2306: 2276: 2226: 192:District of the Home Army, Colonel 13: 3762:Federal Republic of Germany]. 2728:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2692:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2644:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2199: 2180: 2150: 2133:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2121:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2109:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 2099: 2039: 2001: 1826: 1811: 1775: 1652: 1325:Kacperski & Wroniszewski (2005 1157:from the Kielce and Końskie areas; 880:News of the pacifications shocked 786:) and members of the paramilitary 767:A few days after the battles with 233:and the police authorities of the 14: 4216: 1199:Institute of National Remembrance 895:on 16 May 1940, General Governor 3577: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3446: 3420: 3408: 3389: 3362: 3347: 3332: 3317: 3302: 3287: 3272: 3257: 3245: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3148: 3136: 3106: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3030: 3015: 3003: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2908: 2896: 2881: 1442: 1420: 1404: 1234: 459:Sachsenhausen concentration camp 159:Detached Unit of the Polish Army 98:Detached Unit of the Polish Army 4190:World War II massacres of Poles 3605: 2827: 2815: 2800: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2697: 2649: 2607: 2592: 2567: 2555: 2540: 2528: 2501: 2486: 2471: 2459: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2386: 2358: 2324: 2294: 2261: 2246: 2214: 2165: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2087: 2075: 2063: 1986: 1974: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1926: 1914: 1899: 1884: 1869: 1857: 1799: 1763: 1751: 1736: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1682: 1667: 1640: 1628: 1616: 1604: 1592: 1580: 1391: 1371: 1359: 1338: 1313: 1164:and a liaison company from the 1047: 4058:Major "Hubal" and His Soldiers 3873:Major Hubal: Legends and Myths 1568: 1556: 1544: 1532: 1520: 1508: 1496: 1484: 1469: 1166:National Socialist Motor Corps 70:National Socialist Motor Corps 1: 1463: 1430:dated 2 November 1939, Major 1255: 4054:Major Hubal i jego żołnierze 2852:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2629:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2579:www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de 2508:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2454:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2420:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2331:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2301:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2194:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 2160:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1821:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1806:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1704:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1399:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1366:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 1354:Fajkowski & Religa (1981 763:Pacification of Szałas Stary 465:German crimes from April 4–8 208:and moved to the village of 128:110th Reserve Uhlan Regiment 7: 4130:Armia Krajowa w dokumentach 3869:Major Hubal. Legendy i mity 3177:(in Polish). 9 October 2017 1295: 983:him to trial in the future. 899:cited the actions of Major 477:in the General Government ( 10: 4221: 3830:Kosztyła, Zygmunt (1987). 3433:martyrologiawsipolskich.pl 2915:Wilczur, Jacek E. (1982). 1137:regiment is also possible; 1042:and good military customs. 912: 709:Regiment, commanded by SS- 591:to block crossings on the 572:, SS men from the 11th SS- 440:Plaque at the cemetery in 164:The area of operation for 95: 91: 4195:Nazi war crimes in Poland 4015:Szymański, Marek (1999). 3867:Lombarski, Jacek (2011). 3679:Fajkowski, Józef (1972). 2368:Kwartalnik Historii Żydów 1131:Totenkopf-Reiterstandarte 784:Totenkopf-Reiterstandarte 245:On 30 March 1940, German 4089:Zdziech, Henryk (1985). 4052:Zaborowski, Jan (2011). 1307: 1268:(part of the collection 1222:203 Action against Hubal 1088:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger 672:several nearby hamlets ( 521:'s unit and threatening: 492:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger 373:Świętokrzyskie Mountains 151:Świętokrzyskie Mountains 118:In the last days of the 4017:Oddział majora „Hubala” 3978:Seidel, Robert (2006). 3941:Sawicki, Jacek (2015). 3519:Czubryt-Borkowski (1988 3507:Czubryt-Borkowski (1988 3495:Czubryt-Borkowski (1988 3483:Czubryt-Borkowski (1988 3468:Czubryt-Borkowski (1988 746:Military Training Corps 182:Union of Armed Struggle 4134:Home Army in Documents 2575:"Polizei-Bataillon 51" 1218:203 Aktion gegen Hubal 1061: 1045: 997: 986: 806: 545: 530: 507: 445: 115: 24: 4200:Collective punishment 4153:Rocznik Świętokrzyski 3329:, pp. 13, 51–52) 3284:, pp. 13, 47–50) 2679:, pp. 23, 43–44) 2437:, pp. 69–70, 72) 2147:, pp. 44, 75–76) 1733:, pp. 41–42, 56) 1565:, pp. 85, 92–95) 1426:In a document titled 1356:, pp. 300–301)). 1055: 1034: 990: 979: 804: 538: 523: 500: 439: 147:Polish Army in France 105: 22: 4021:Major "Hubal's" Unit 3766:(in Polish). 13–14. 3427:Jedynak, Katarzyna. 1971:, pp. 200, 207) 1959:, pp. 196, 200) 1760:, pp. 152, 172) 1493:, pp. 179, 192) 1180:. In the 1970s, the 1070:SS and Police Leader 1011:Later, defenders of 975:Kazimierz Sosnkowski 475:SS and Police Leader 293:Szydłowiec Town Hall 4185:Massacres in Poland 3875:] (in Polish). 3561:September in Flames 3254:, pp. 204–206) 3197:, pp. 164–167) 3078:, pp. 206–207) 3042:, pp. 341–342) 2970:, pp. 190–191) 2778:, pp. 234–235) 2766:, pp. 216–224) 2754:, pp. 207–208) 2510:, pp. 296–299) 2468:, pp. 286–287) 2422:, pp. 295–296) 2333:, pp. 107–108) 2211:, pp. 204–205) 2135:, pp. 163–164) 2084:, pp. 202–203) 2072:, pp. 200–202) 1947:, pp. 196–200) 1935:, pp. 192–196) 1923:, pp. 185–191) 1808:, pp. 293–294) 1664:, pp. 172–180) 1649:, pp. 151–153) 1613:, pp. 154–160) 685:Piaski Królewieckie 241:First pacifications 29:Hubal pacifications 3355:Terror hitlerowski 3340:Terror hitlerowski 3325:Terror hitlerowski 3310:Terror hitlerowski 3295:Terror hitlerowski 3280:Terror hitlerowski 3265:Terror hitlerowski 3238:Terror hitlerowski 3224:, pp. 40, 46) 3220:Terror hitlerowski 2981:Terror hitlerowski 2893:, pp. 13, 44) 2889:Terror hitlerowski 2874:Terror hitlerowski 2839:, pp. 13, 45) 2835:Terror hitlerowski 2812:, pp. 13, 22) 2808:Terror hitlerowski 2675:Terror hitlerowski 2657:Terror hitlerowski 2600:Terror hitlerowski 2552:, pp. 71, 73) 2548:Terror hitlerowski 2494:Terror hitlerowski 2479:Terror hitlerowski 2433:Terror hitlerowski 2394:Terror hitlerowski 2355:, pp. 23, 43) 2351:Terror hitlerowski 2317:Terror hitlerowski 2287:Terror hitlerowski 2269:Terror hitlerowski 2254:Terror hitlerowski 2239:Terror hitlerowski 2173:Terror hitlerowski 2056:Terror hitlerowski 2032:Terror hitlerowski 1998:, pp. 23, 41) 1994:Terror hitlerowski 1911:, pp. 41, 58) 1907:Terror hitlerowski 1892:Terror hitlerowski 1881:, pp. 41, 57) 1877:Terror hitlerowski 1792:Terror hitlerowski 1744:Terror hitlerowski 1729:Terror hitlerowski 1690:Terror hitlerowski 1675:Terror hitlerowski 1477:Terror hitlerowski 1413:Terror hitlerowski 1384:Terror hitlerowski 1266:Melchior Wańkowicz 1206:German terminology 1126:-Totenkopfverbände 1074:General Government 1062: 807: 446: 377:Skarżysko-Kamienna 257:Skarżysko-Kamienna 235:General Government 120:September Campaign 116: 25: 4067:978-83-931292-7-0 3993:978-3-506-75628-2 3956:978-83-7989-369-0 3919:978-83-85953-43-2 3882:978-83-929876-1-1 3570:978-83-7021-097-7 3557:Wrzesień żagwiący 3417:, pp. 10–11) 3359:, pp. 52–53) 3269:, pp. 46–47) 3209:, pp. 1, 10) 3157:, pp. 94–95) 3129:978-83-64613-49-4 3099:978-83-7399-478-2 3054:, pp. 94–95) 2985:, pp. 44–45) 2930:978-83-11-06835-3 2661:, pp. 58–59) 2483:, pp. 70–71) 2273:, pp. 66–68) 2258:, pp. 65–67) 2177:, pp. 62–63) 1896:, pp. 57–58) 1679:, pp. 40–41) 1529:, pp. 82–84) 1517:, pp. 46–51) 1505:, pp. 44–46) 1439:, p. 261)). 1270:Wrzesień żagwiący 1122:The 8th and 11th 1084:Obergruppenführer 1058:Obergruppenführer 973:informed General 823:Obergruppenführer 488:Obergruppenführer 391:Totenkopfverbände 124:Henryk Dobrzański 108:Henryk Dobrzański 47:, was operating. 41:Henryk Dobrzański 4212: 4168: 4147: 4125: 4119: 4111: 4109: 4102: 4085: 4079: 4071: 4048: 4042: 4034: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3974: 3968: 3960: 3937: 3931: 3923: 3900: 3894: 3886: 3863: 3857: 3849: 3826: 3820: 3812: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3757: 3751: 3743: 3729: 3723: 3715: 3702: 3696: 3688: 3675: 3669: 3661: 3645: 3639: 3631: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3552: 3546: 3543:Zaborowski (2011 3540: 3534: 3531:Zaborowski (2011 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3336: 3330: 3321: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3291: 3285: 3276: 3270: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3167: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3064:Jacobmeyer (1972 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3034: 3028: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2956:Jacobmeyer (1972 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2885: 2879: 2870: 2855: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2632: 2626: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2490: 2484: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2438: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2362: 2356: 2347: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2283: 2274: 2265: 2259: 2250: 2244: 2235: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2197: 2191: 2178: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2052: 2037: 2028: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1897: 1888: 1882: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1833: 1824: 1818: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1788: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1740: 1734: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1686: 1680: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1473: 1458: 1457:, p. 194)). 1446: 1440: 1424: 1418: 1408: 1402: 1401:, p. 295)). 1395: 1389: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1348:, p. 276); 1342: 1336: 1331:, p. 181); 1317: 1291: 1040:Hague Convention 754: 704: 693: 682: 664:Hauptsturmführer 632: 614:, Jelenia Góra, 601: 416: 194:Leopold Okulicki 136: 33:German occupiers 4220: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4175: 4174: 4144: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4036: 4035: 4031: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3777: 3776: 3745: 3744: 3717: 3716: 3690: 3689: 3663: 3662: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3608: 3603: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3436: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3398:Kuryer Kielecki 3394: 3390: 3384:Jankowski (2009 3382: 3375: 3369:Jankowski (2009 3367: 3363: 3352: 3348: 3337: 3333: 3322: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3292: 3288: 3277: 3273: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3235: 3228: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3195:Lombarski (2011 3193: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3145:, pp. 2–4) 3141: 3137: 3130: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3052:Szymański (1999 3050: 3046: 3035: 3031: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2998:Jankowski (2009 2996: 2989: 2978: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2944:Jankowski (2009 2942: 2938: 2931: 2913: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2886: 2882: 2871: 2858: 2850: 2843: 2832: 2828: 2822:Jankowski (2009 2820: 2816: 2805: 2801: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2740:Lombarski (2011 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2704:Szymański (1999 2702: 2698: 2690: 2683: 2672: 2665: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2635: 2627: 2620: 2614:Szymański (1999 2612: 2608: 2597: 2593: 2584: 2582: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2523:Fajkowski (1972 2521: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2491: 2487: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2441: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2391: 2387: 2363: 2359: 2348: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2314: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2284: 2277: 2266: 2262: 2251: 2247: 2236: 2227: 2221:Szymański (1999 2219: 2215: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2181: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2151: 2145:Lombarski (2011 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2053: 2040: 2029: 2002: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1904: 1900: 1889: 1885: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1834: 1827: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1741: 1737: 1726: 1722: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1687: 1683: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1491:Jankowski (2009 1489: 1485: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1455:Jankowski (2009 1447: 1443: 1425: 1421: 1417:, p. 45)). 1409: 1405: 1396: 1392: 1388:, p. 66)). 1376: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1350:Fajkowski (1972 1343: 1339: 1335:, p. 70)). 1333:Fajkowski (1972 1318: 1314: 1310: 1298: 1285: 1258: 1237: 1209: 1194:Ordnungspolizei 1142:Ordnungspolizei 1108:forces and, as 1050: 966: 941:Ordnungspolizei 915: 874:Ordnungspolizei 855:Ordnungspolizei 843:Ordnungspolizei 799: 765: 748: 698: 687: 683:, Podzastawie, 676: 626: 595: 578:Ordnungspolizei 550: 467: 410: 408:Marek Szymański 285:Ordnungspolizei 275:'s soldiers in 252:Ordnungspolizei 243: 139:besieged Warsaw 130: 100: 94: 59:Ordnungspolizei 17: 12: 11: 5: 4218: 4208: 4207: 4205:1940 in Poland 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4170: 4169: 4148: 4142: 4126: 4110:on 2019-08-22. 4086: 4066: 4049: 4029: 4012: 3992: 3975: 3955: 3938: 3918: 3901: 3881: 3864: 3844: 3827: 3807: 3790: 3758: 3730: 3703: 3676: 3650:Datner, Szymon 3646: 3626: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3576: 3569: 3547: 3545:, p. 132) 3535: 3533:, p. 130) 3523: 3521:, p. 609) 3511: 3509:, p. 325) 3499: 3497:, p. 610) 3487: 3485:, p. 325) 3472: 3470:, p. 606) 3457: 3455:, p. 290) 3445: 3419: 3407: 3388: 3386:, p. 192) 3373: 3371:, p. 179) 3361: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3301: 3286: 3271: 3256: 3252:Kosztyła (1987 3244: 3226: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3159: 3155:Kosztyła (1987 3147: 3135: 3128: 3105: 3098: 3080: 3076:Kosztyła (1987 3068: 3056: 3044: 3029: 3027:, p. 211) 3014: 3012:, p. 186) 3002: 3000:, p. 195) 2987: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2946:, p. 194) 2936: 2929: 2907: 2905:, p. 206) 2903:Kosztyła (1987 2895: 2880: 2856: 2841: 2826: 2824:, p. 199) 2814: 2799: 2780: 2776:Kosztyła (1987 2768: 2764:Kosztyła (1987 2756: 2752:Kosztyła (1987 2744: 2732: 2730:, p. 124) 2720: 2708: 2696: 2681: 2663: 2648: 2646:, p. 107) 2633: 2631:, p. 295) 2618: 2606: 2591: 2566: 2564:, p. 287) 2554: 2539: 2537:, p. 267) 2527: 2512: 2500: 2485: 2470: 2458: 2456:, p. 296) 2439: 2424: 2412: 2410:, p. 205) 2408:Kosztyła (1987 2400: 2385: 2357: 2335: 2323: 2305: 2303:, p. 107) 2293: 2275: 2260: 2245: 2225: 2223:, p. 150) 2213: 2209:Kosztyła (1987 2198: 2196:, p. 111) 2179: 2164: 2162:, p. 109) 2149: 2137: 2125: 2123:, p. 111) 2113: 2098: 2096:, p. 190) 2086: 2082:Kosztyła (1987 2074: 2070:Kosztyła (1987 2062: 2038: 2000: 1985: 1983:, p. 200) 1981:Kosztyła (1987 1973: 1969:Kosztyła (1987 1961: 1957:Kosztyła (1987 1949: 1945:Kosztyła (1987 1937: 1933:Kosztyła (1987 1925: 1921:Kosztyła (1987 1913: 1898: 1883: 1868: 1866:, p. 182) 1864:Kosztyła (1987 1856: 1825: 1823:, p. 294) 1810: 1798: 1774: 1772:, p. 173) 1770:Kosztyła (1987 1762: 1758:Kosztyła (1987 1750: 1735: 1720: 1708: 1706:, p. 299) 1696: 1681: 1666: 1662:Kosztyła (1987 1651: 1647:Kosztyła (1987 1639: 1637:, p. 163) 1635:Kosztyła (1987 1627: 1625:, p. 158) 1623:Kosztyła (1987 1615: 1611:Kosztyła (1987 1603: 1601:, p. 242) 1599:Kosztyła (1987 1591: 1589:, p. 132) 1587:Kosztyła (1987 1579: 1577:, p. 149) 1575:Kosztyła (1987 1567: 1563:Kosztyła (1987 1555: 1551:Kosztyła (1987 1543: 1531: 1527:Kosztyła (1987 1519: 1515:Kosztyła (1987 1507: 1503:Kosztyła (1987 1495: 1483: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1441: 1437:Kosztyła (1987 1419: 1403: 1390: 1370: 1358: 1337: 1329:Kosztyła (1987 1311: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1294: 1281:, directed by 1257: 1254: 1236: 1233: 1208: 1203: 1170: 1169: 1158: 1145: 1138: 1120: 1102:Fritz Katzmann 1049: 1046: 971:Stefan Rowecki 965: 962: 932: 931: 928: 924: 914: 911: 867:Długa Brzezina 798: 795: 764: 761: 740:, Smyków, and 713:Leo von Jena. 612:Stadnicka Wola 608:Kamienny Krzyż 558:Sielpia Wielka 549: 546: 515:Radom District 466: 463: 242: 239: 96:Main article: 93: 90: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4217: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4155:(in Polish). 4154: 4149: 4145: 4143:83-04-03629-0 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4032: 4030:83-912237-0-1 4026: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3995: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3958: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3845:83-11-07345-7 3841: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3810: 3808:83-921135-2-7 3804: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3741: 3738:(in German). 3737: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3659: 3656:(in Polish). 3655: 3654:Współczesność 3651: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3627:83-217-2709-3 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3572: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3464: 3462: 3454: 3453:Porczek (2008 3449: 3434: 3430: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3403: 3400:(in Polish). 3399: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3356: 3350: 3344:, p. 52) 3343: 3341: 3335: 3328: 3326: 3320: 3314:, p. 50) 3313: 3311: 3305: 3299:, p. 49) 3298: 3296: 3290: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3268: 3266: 3260: 3253: 3248: 3242:, p. 46) 3241: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3143:Zdziech (1985 3139: 3131: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3101: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3066:, p. 70) 3065: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3041: 3039: 3038:Armia Krajowa 3033: 3026: 3024: 3023:Armia Krajowa 3018: 3011: 3006: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2958:, p. 72) 2957: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2884: 2878:, p. 45) 2877: 2875: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2854:, p. 16) 2853: 2848: 2846: 2838: 2836: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2742:, p. 44) 2741: 2736: 2729: 2724: 2718:, p. 38) 2717: 2716:Sawicki (2015 2712: 2706:, p. 86) 2705: 2700: 2694:, p. 87) 2693: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2658: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2616:, p. 85) 2615: 2610: 2604:, p. 23) 2603: 2601: 2595: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2563: 2562:Porczek (2008 2558: 2551: 2549: 2543: 2536: 2535:Porczek (2008 2531: 2525:, p. 74) 2524: 2519: 2517: 2509: 2504: 2498:, p. 71) 2497: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2474: 2467: 2466:Porczek (2008 2462: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2421: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2398:, p. 62) 2397: 2395: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2370:(in Polish). 2369: 2361: 2354: 2352: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2332: 2327: 2321:, p. 61) 2320: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2302: 2297: 2291:, p. 60) 2290: 2288: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2270: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2249: 2243:, p. 43) 2242: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2217: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2176: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2146: 2141: 2134: 2129: 2122: 2117: 2111:, p. 26) 2110: 2105: 2103: 2095: 2090: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2060:, p. 44) 2059: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2036:, p. 42) 2035: 2033: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1997: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1970: 1965: 1958: 1953: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1929: 1922: 1917: 1910: 1908: 1902: 1895: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1878: 1872: 1865: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841:(in Polish). 1840: 1832: 1830: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1807: 1802: 1796:, p. 41) 1795: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1748:, p. 56) 1747: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1717: 1716:Zdziech (1985 1712: 1705: 1700: 1694:, p. 55) 1693: 1691: 1685: 1678: 1676: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1648: 1643: 1636: 1631: 1624: 1619: 1612: 1607: 1600: 1595: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1553:, p. 84) 1552: 1547: 1541:, p. 30) 1540: 1539:Sawicki (2015 1535: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1481:, p. 40) 1480: 1478: 1472: 1468: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1416: 1414: 1407: 1400: 1394: 1387: 1385: 1380: 1374: 1367: 1362: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346:Porczek (2008 1341: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1312: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1283:Bohdan Poręba 1280: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1235:Commemoration 1232: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154:Volksdeutsche 1150: 1147:Paramilitary 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1059: 1054: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1033: 1030: 1029:Szymon Datner 1026: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1006: 1002: 996: 995: 989: 985: 984: 978: 976: 972: 961: 957: 955: 949: 945: 942: 936: 929: 925: 921: 920: 919: 910: 908: 907: 902: 898: 894: 889: 887: 883: 878: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 829: 824: 820: 816: 812: 803: 794: 791: 789: 785: 780: 776: 774: 771:'s unit near 770: 760: 756: 752: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 712: 708: 702: 697: 691: 686: 680: 675: 670: 666: 665: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 599: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 544: 543: 537: 535: 529: 528: 522: 520: 516: 512: 506: 505: 499: 497: 493: 490: 489: 483: 480: 476: 472: 462: 460: 454: 451: 443: 438: 434: 432: 428: 427:Kamienna Wola 424: 420: 414: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 343: 342: 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253: 248: 238: 236: 232: 231: 226: 222: 221:Western Front 217: 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 176: 171: 167: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 129: 125: 121: 113: 109: 104: 99: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66: 61: 60: 55: 54: 53:Schutzstaffel 48: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 21: 4171: 4156: 4152: 4133: 4129: 4105:the original 4096: 4091: 4057: 4053: 4020: 4016: 3983: 3979: 3946: 3942: 3909: 3905: 3872: 3868: 3835: 3831: 3798: 3794: 3780:cite journal 3763: 3748:cite journal 3739: 3735: 3711: 3707: 3684: 3680: 3666:cite journal 3657: 3653: 3617: 3613: 3606:Bibliography 3593:. Retrieved 3588: 3579: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3448: 3437:. Retrieved 3432: 3422: 3415:Datner (1964 3410: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3364: 3354: 3349: 3339: 3334: 3324: 3319: 3309: 3304: 3294: 3289: 3279: 3274: 3264: 3259: 3247: 3237: 3219: 3214: 3207:Datner (1964 3202: 3190: 3179:. Retrieved 3174: 3150: 3138: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3089: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3037: 3032: 3022: 3017: 3010:Seidel (2006 3005: 2980: 2975: 2968:Seidel (2006 2963: 2951: 2939: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2898: 2888: 2883: 2873: 2834: 2829: 2817: 2807: 2802: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2674: 2656: 2651: 2609: 2599: 2594: 2583:. Retrieved 2578: 2569: 2557: 2547: 2542: 2530: 2503: 2493: 2488: 2478: 2473: 2461: 2432: 2427: 2415: 2403: 2393: 2388: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2350: 2326: 2316: 2296: 2286: 2268: 2263: 2253: 2248: 2238: 2216: 2172: 2167: 2140: 2128: 2116: 2094:Seidel (2006 2089: 2077: 2065: 2055: 2031: 1993: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1906: 1901: 1891: 1886: 1876: 1871: 1859: 1842: 1838: 1801: 1791: 1765: 1753: 1743: 1738: 1728: 1723: 1718:, p. 9) 1711: 1699: 1689: 1684: 1674: 1669: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1476: 1471: 1449: 1444: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1412: 1406: 1393: 1383: 1373: 1361: 1340: 1320: 1315: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1261: 1259: 1250: 1238: 1229:Aktion Hubal 1228: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1193: 1191: 1185: 1171: 1161: 1152: 1149:Selbstschutz 1148: 1141: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1097: 1091: 1083: 1077: 1065: 1063: 1057: 1048:Perpetrators 1036: 1035: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1004: 1001:Jan Rzepecki 998: 992: 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1464:References 1262:Hubalczycy 1256:In culture 1246:Miedzierza 1242:Ruski Bród 1110:SSPF Radom 1098:Oberführer 1092:SSPF Radom 923:destroyed. 897:Hans Frank 742:Zaborowice 722:Miedzierza 711:Oberführer 362:Suchedniów 261:Szydłowiec 68:, and the 4165:0485-3261 4116:cite book 4076:cite book 4039:cite book 4002:cite book 3965:cite book 3928:cite book 3891:cite book 3854:cite book 3817:cite book 3772:1730-3419 3764:Glaukopis 3720:cite book 3693:cite book 3636:cite book 3175:dzieje.pl 2380:1899-3044 1851:0137-5156 1162:HSSPF Ost 1135:Totenkopf 1078:HSSPF Ost 906:AB-Aktion 839:Chlewiska 835:Stefanków 830:'s unit. 707:Totenkopf 696:Muszczarz 669:Totenkopf 654:Królewiec 574:Totenkopf 562:Stąporków 289:Stefanków 269:Przysucha 265:Chlewiska 230:Wehrmacht 39:of Major 4159:. 1988. 3404:(42): 5. 1379:Przyłogi 1296:See also 999:Colonel 927:Hucisko. 738:Serbinów 734:Pieradła 730:Błotnica 674:Zastawie 606:and the 604:Małachów 582:Matyniów 404:Podchyby 400:Samsonów 321:Korytków 317:Gielniów 122:, Major 3585:"Hubal" 1450:Hubal’s 1214:Hubal’s 1186:Hubal’s 1106:Hubal’s 1072:in the 1066:Hubal’s 913:Summary 886:Anielin 815:Hucisko 726:Komorów 589:Końskie 511:Końskie 396:Odrowąż 313:Mechlin 277:Hucisko 210:Hucisko 143:Hungary 126:of the 92:Origins 82:Opoczno 74:Końskie 56:units, 4163: 4140: 4099:] 4064: 4027: 3990: 3953: 3916: 3879: 3842: 3805: 3770: 3624: 3567: 3126: 3096: 2927: 2378: 1849: 1845:: 79. 1182:Munich 1032:added: 893:Kraków 857:, and 819:Skłoby 817:, and 773:Szałas 658:Smyków 650:Adamów 638:Adamek 620:Piekło 618:, and 593:Czarna 570:Krasna 450:Firlej 442:Firlej 381:Kielce 336:Szałas 301:Kielce 267:, and 198:Miller 170:Allies 106:Major 80:, and 78:Kielce 4132:[ 4108:(PDF) 4101:(PDF) 4095:[ 4056:[ 4019:[ 3982:[ 3945:[ 3908:[ 3871:[ 3834:[ 3797:[ 3710:[ 3683:[ 3616:[ 3559:[ 3357:(1988 3342:(1988 3327:(1988 3312:(1988 3297:(1988 3282:(1988 3267:(1988 3240:(1988 3222:(1988 3118:[ 3040:(1990 3025:(1990 2983:(1988 2919:[ 2891:(1988 2876:(1988 2837:(1988 2810:(1988 2792:[ 2677:(1988 2659:(1988 2602:(1988 2550:(1988 2496:(1988 2481:(1988 2435:(1988 2396:(1988 2353:(1988 2319:(1988 2289:(1988 2271:(1988 2256:(1988 2241:(1988 2175:(1988 2058:(1988 2034:(1988 1996:(1988 1909:(1988 1894:(1988 1879:(1988 1794:(1988 1746:(1988 1731:(1988 1692:(1988 1677:(1988 1479:(1988 1432:Hubal 1415:(1988 1386:(1988 1321:Hubal 1308:Notes 1290:] 1278:Hubal 1023:Hubal 1018:Hubal 1013:Hubal 1005:Hubal 954:Hubal 901:Hubal 882:Hubal 863:Hubal 828:Hubal 811:Gałki 769:Hubal 753:] 703:] 692:] 681:] 646:Baran 642:Chyby 631:] 616:Niebo 600:] 566:Hubal 554:Mniów 534:Hubal 519:Hubal 496:Hubal 479:HSSPF 471:Hubal 431:Hubal 423:Hubal 415:] 385:Hubal 369:Hubal 358:Hubal 351:Wołów 347:Boków 332:Hubal 325:Hubal 309:Hubal 297:Radom 273:Hubal 225:Hubal 216:Hubal 206:Gałki 202:Hubal 186:Hubal 175:Hubal 166:Hubal 155:Hubal 135:] 112:Hubal 45:Hubal 4161:ISSN 4138:ISBN 4122:link 4082:link 4062:ISBN 4045:link 4025:ISBN 4008:link 3988:ISBN 3971:link 3951:ISBN 3934:link 3914:ISBN 3897:link 3877:ISBN 3860:link 3840:ISBN 3823:link 3803:ISBN 3786:link 3768:ISSN 3754:link 3726:link 3699:link 3672:link 3642:link 3622:ISBN 3565:ISBN 3124:ISBN 3094:ISBN 2925:ISBN 2376:ISSN 1847:ISSN 652:and 644:and 398:and 249:and 190:Łódź 37:unit 27:The 3658:162 1272:). 1264:by 1176:in 1096:SS- 1094:), 1082:SS- 1080:), 1056:SS- 662:SS- 486:SS- 484:), 482:Ost 419:Sęp 389:SS- 379:to 4181:: 4172: 4157:XV 4118:}} 4114:{{ 4078:}} 4074:{{ 4041:}} 4037:{{ 4004:}} 4000:{{ 3967:}} 3963:{{ 3930:}} 3926:{{ 3893:}} 3889:{{ 3856:}} 3852:{{ 3819:}} 3815:{{ 3782:}} 3778:{{ 3750:}} 3746:{{ 3740:20 3722:}} 3718:{{ 3695:}} 3691:{{ 3668:}} 3664:{{ 3638:}} 3634:{{ 3587:. 3475:^ 3460:^ 3376:^ 3229:^ 3162:^ 2990:^ 2859:^ 2844:^ 2684:^ 2666:^ 2636:^ 2621:^ 2577:. 2515:^ 2442:^ 2338:^ 2308:^ 2278:^ 2228:^ 2201:^ 2182:^ 2152:^ 2101:^ 2041:^ 2003:^ 1843:36 1828:^ 1813:^ 1777:^ 1654:^ 1292:. 1288:pl 1248:. 1231:. 1201:. 1124:SS 909:. 813:, 790:. 751:pl 736:, 724:, 701:pl 690:pl 679:pl 629:pl 598:pl 584:. 413:pl 364:. 263:, 259:, 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