1921:
3617:
863:
855:
1902:
3627:
2991:
31:
847:
1876:
Hue angles computed for the
Preucil circle agree with the hue angle computed for the Preucil hexagon at integer multiples of 30° (red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, and the colors midway between contiguous pairs) and differ by approximately 1.2° at odd integer multiples of 15° (based on the
1955:
Manufacturers of pigments use the word hue, for example, "cadmium yellow (hue)" to indicate that the original pigmentation ingredient, often toxic, has been replaced by safer (or cheaper) alternatives whilst retaining the hue of the original. Replacements are often used for
1933:
1118:
Preucil used a polar plot, which he termed a color circle. Using R, G, and B, one may compute hue angle using the following scheme: determine which of the six possible orderings of R, G, and B prevail, then apply the formula given in the table below.
1002:
829:
1113:
1811:
1700:
1589:
1472:
1361:
696:
1250:
1155:
2526:
2009:
There are two main ways in which hue difference is quantified. The first is the simple difference between the two hue angles. The symbol for this expression of hue difference is
1859:
2149:
2111:
1513:
1873:
is the mid one between the other two. This is referred to as the "Preucil hue error" and was used in the computation of mask strength in photomechanical color reproduction.
2073:
2040:
1190:
1735:
1624:
1396:
1285:
892:
97:
Hue can typically be represented quantitatively by a single number, often corresponding to an angular position around a central or neutral point or axis on a
2320:
1947:
One might notice that the HSL/HSV hue "circle" do not appear to all be of the same brightness. This is a known issue of this RGB-based derivation of hue.
2251:
2075:
in CIELUV. The other is computed as the residual total color difference after
Lightness and Chroma differences have been accounted for; its symbol is
3243:
1932:
1013:
707:
133:. Usually, colors with the same hue are distinguished with adjectives referring to their lightness or colorfulness - for example: "light blue", "
2298:
858:
An illustration of the relationship between the "hue" of colors with maximal saturation in HSV and HSL with their corresponding RGB coordinates
870:
Preucil describes a color hexagon, similar to a trilinear plot described by Evans, Hanson, and Brewer, which may be used to compute hue from
1920:
1744:
1633:
1522:
1405:
1294:
2541:
3394:
2395:"Color-tuned neurons are spatially clustered according to color preference within alert macaque posterior inferior temporal cortex"
3384:
3248:
2613:
2241:
Mark
Fairchild, "Color Appearance Models: CIECAM02 and Beyond". Tutorial slides for IS&T/SID 12th Color Imaging Conference.
2163:(names). One approach in color science is to use traditional color terms but try to give them more precise definitions. See
1988:
619:
51:
3460:
2168:
1199:
2520:
3405:
3630:
3584:
2510:
2369:
3400:
3389:
1133:
2255:
3465:
3268:
2928:
2702:
2586:
1821:
3470:
3057:
2606:
2116:
2078:
1901:
2222:
610:
form. Hue is the angular component of the polar representation, while chroma is the radial component.
3235:
3128:
2786:
2294:
1480:
122:
2164:
63:
3445:
3263:
2913:
2646:
2045:
2012:
1996:
1163:
1708:
1597:
1369:
1258:
3497:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3430:
2195:
603:
1979:(or sometimes equivalent wavelength) is a physical analog to the perceptual attribute hue. On a
1892:, or the HSL double cone as a double hexacone. The formulae used are those in the table above.
3455:
1995:
if the point is on the same side of the white point as the spectral locus, and as the color's
1991:. The wavelength at which the line intersects the spectrum locus is identified as the color's
602:) color spaces, hue may be computed together with chroma by converting these coordinates from
3379:
3134:
2678:
2599:
2167:
for names of highly saturated colors with the hue from ≈ 0° (red) up to ≈ 275° (violet), and
195:
2853:
3352:
3035:
3023:
2549:
2406:
2217:
2191:
2187:
1980:
191:
175:
102:
24:
8:
3167:
3067:
2999:
1992:
1976:
997:{\displaystyle h_{rgb}=\mathrm {atan2} \left({\sqrt {3}}\cdot (G-B),2\cdot R-G-B\right).}
570:
in which two of the axes are perceptually orthogonal to lightness, such as the CIE 1976 (
114:
110:
2410:
38:
should appear to have the same lightness and the same saturation, differing only by hue.
3482:
2888:
2796:
2690:
2429:
2394:
2361:
2348:
187:
2469:
Frank
Preucil, "Color Hue and Ink Transfer … Their Relation to Perfect Reproduction",
3592:
3545:
3142:
2957:
2896:
2848:
2781:
2776:
2754:
2683:
2516:
2434:
2353:
2207:
607:
2365:
3540:
3535:
3515:
3510:
3273:
3040:
2918:
2868:
2863:
2835:
2801:
2791:
2661:
2424:
2414:
2343:
2335:
567:
160:
2548:. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. pp. 55–60. Archived from
3570:
3560:
3555:
3520:
3422:
3258:
3205:
3095:
3028:
2843:
2759:
2737:
2339:
1939:
1908:
1885:
1881:
142:
71:
3651:
3620:
3565:
3550:
3530:
3525:
3308:
3122:
3117:
2945:
2923:
2858:
2730:
2695:
2668:
2399:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2159:
There exists some correspondence, more or less precise, between hue values and
171:
87:
66:
can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as
2457:
second edition: CIE Publication 15.2. Vienna: Bureau
Central of the CIE, 1986.
3645:
3505:
3090:
2976:
2901:
2878:
2818:
2742:
2725:
2631:
2512:
Computer
Graphics and Geometric Modelling v. 1: Implementation and Algorithms
1108:{\displaystyle \tan(h_{rgb})={\frac {{\sqrt {3}}\cdot (G-B)}{2\cdot R-G-B}}.}
824:{\displaystyle h_{uv}=\mathrm {atan2} (v^{*},u^{*})=\mathrm {atan2} (v',u'),}
2419:
1888:
is usually based on a 6-piece piecewise mapping, treating the HSV cone as a
186:
The concept of a color system with a hue was explored as early as 1830 with
3340:
3303:
3296:
3102:
3085:
3077:
3018:
3010:
2873:
2717:
2438:
2357:
2212:
2174:
Alternative approach is to use a systematic notation. It can be a standard
118:
91:
43:
1987:
through the coordinates of the color in question, until it intersects the
3477:
3335:
3112:
3107:
2971:
2940:
2906:
2811:
2707:
2673:
1984:
167:
106:
98:
35:
3487:
3330:
3158:
3062:
3050:
2806:
2769:
2764:
2747:
2160:
130:
19:
This article is about the color property. For the city in
Vietnam, see
3347:
3320:
3315:
2824:
862:
854:
126:
3602:
3325:
2933:
2499:, second edition. Livonia, New York: Graphic Arts Publishing, 1979.
2183:
1965:
1957:
1889:
149:
59:
2990:
2178:
notation for certain color model such as HSL/HSV mentioned above,
1806:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(6-{\frac {B-G}{R-G}}\right)}
1695:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(4+{\frac {R-G}{B-G}}\right)}
1584:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(4-{\frac {G-R}{B-R}}\right)}
1467:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(2+{\frac {B-R}{G-R}}\right)}
1356:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(2-{\frac {R-B}{G-B}}\right)}
30:
3374:
2656:
1961:
194:
from the 1930s was a great step forward, as it was realized that
156:
20:
3597:
3200:
3190:
2591:
2179:
599:
583:
134:
75:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3180:
2651:
2622:
2175:
879:
835:
138:
79:
55:
3215:
3195:
3175:
3045:
2962:
883:
846:
137:
blue", "vivid blue", and "cobalt blue". Exceptions include
83:
2321:"Specialized color modules in macaque extrastriate cortex"
2171:
for color terms of the remaining part of the color wheel.
3185:
2950:
1912:
1877:
circle formula), the maximal divergence between the two.
875:
871:
202:
67:
2169:
line of purples#Table of highly-saturated purple colors
1926:
An image with the hues cyclically shifted in HSL space
2119:
2081:
2048:
2015:
1824:
1747:
1711:
1636:
1600:
1525:
1483:
1408:
1372:
1297:
1261:
1202:
1166:
1136:
1016:
895:
710:
691:{\displaystyle h_{ab}=\mathrm {atan2} (b^{*},a^{*}),}
622:
2482:
Ralph
Merrill Evans, W T Hanson, and W Lyle Brewer,
1896:
Additional images for hue in the HSL and HSV systems
1245:{\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot {\frac {G-B}{R-B}}}
2546:Proceedings of the Section on Statistical Graphics
2143:
2105:
2067:
2034:
1853:
1805:
1729:
1694:
1618:
1583:
1507:
1466:
1390:
1355:
1279:
1244:
1184:
1149:
1107:
996:
823:
690:
3244:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
2318:
198:means the color space can no longer be a sphere.
3643:
1880:The process of converting an RGB color into an
1818:In each case the formula contains the fraction
841:
205:is set to 0° for most color spaces with a hue.
2542:"Color Use Guidelines for Data Representation"
2508:
1971:
170:first processes hues in areas in the extended
163:(added white or black pigment, respectively).
2607:
2465:
2463:
2270:
2154:
117:. The other color appearance parameters are
3626:
2614:
2600:
2489:
2460:
2392:
2319:Conway, BR; Moeller, S; Tsao, DY. (2007).
2004:
535:
525:
495:
485:
455:
374:
344:
334:
304:
294:
2571:Color in Business, Science, and Industry.
2450:
2448:
2428:
2418:
2347:
1150:{\displaystyle h_{\text{Preucil circle}}}
545:
540:
515:
505:
500:
475:
465:
460:
364:
354:
349:
324:
314:
309:
284:
3395:International Commission on Illumination
2563:
2476:
1942:are cyclically rotated over time in HSL.
861:
853:
845:
561:
530:
520:
490:
480:
450:
379:
369:
339:
329:
299:
289:
29:
2312:
550:
510:
470:
359:
319:
279:
3644:
3385:Color Association of the United States
2539:
2445:
1999:if the point is on the opposite side.
50:is one of the main properties (called
2595:
2386:
125:(also known as intensity or chroma),
2186:. Alphanumeric notations such as of
2165:spectral color#Spectral color terms
850:HSV color space as a conical object
838:is a two-argument inverse tangent.
13:
3249:Blue–green distinction in language
2569:Deane B Judd and Günter Wyszecki,
2295:"The Color Wheel and Color Theory"
2120:
2082:
2049:
2016:
1854:{\displaystyle {\frac {M-L}{H-L}}}
925:
922:
919:
916:
786:
783:
780:
777:
737:
734:
731:
728:
649:
646:
643:
640:
14:
3663:
2580:
2144:{\displaystyle \Delta H_{uv}^{*}}
2106:{\displaystyle \Delta H_{ab}^{*}}
181:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3406:International Colour Association
2989:
2621:
2529:from the original on 2017-03-21.
2484:Principles of Color Photography.
2252:"Hue, Value, Saturation | learn"
1931:
1919:
1900:
208:
62:model as "the degree to which a
2533:
2502:
2301:from the original on 2011-07-05
1950:
1865:is the highest of R, G, and B;
1508:{\displaystyle \ B>G>R\ }
3401:International Color Consortium
3390:International Colour Authority
2515:. Springer. pp. 301–304.
2297:. Creative Curio. 2008-05-16.
2287:
2284: : 4, pp. 181–191 (1976).
2278:Color Research and Application
2244:
2235:
1073:
1061:
1042:
1023:
959:
947:
815:
793:
770:
744:
701:while, analogously, in CIELUV
682:
656:
101:coordinate diagram (such as a
90:," within certain theories of
1:
3466:List of Crayola crayon colors
2587:Editing of hue in photography
2393:Conway, BR; Tsao, DY (2009).
2228:
2068:{\displaystyle \Delta h_{uv}}
2035:{\displaystyle \Delta h_{ab}}
1185:{\displaystyle R\geq G\geq B}
866:Hue circle in 24 colors (15°)
201:As a convention, the hue for
58:, defined technically in the
2340:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.008
1938:The hues in this image of a
1730:{\displaystyle R\geq B>G}
1619:{\displaystyle B>R\geq G}
1391:{\displaystyle G\geq B>R}
1280:{\displaystyle G>R\geq B}
1007:Equivalently, one may solve
842:Defining hue in terms of RGB
7:
3269:Traditional colors of Japan
3046:Achromatic colors (Neutral)
2929:Multi-primary color display
2703:Spectral power distribution
2540:Brewer, Cynthia A. (1999).
2497:Color Separation Techniques
2201:
1972:Hue vs. dominant wavelength
52:color appearance parameters
10:
3668:
18:
3611:
3583:
3496:
3421:
3414:
3365:
3284:
3234:
3166:
3157:
3129:Color realism (art style)
3076:
3009:
2998:
2987:
2887:
2834:
2787:Evolution of color vision
2716:
2639:
2630:
2155:Names and other notations
1983:, a line is drawn from a
436:
427:
418:
409:
400:
391:
265:
256:
247:
238:
229:
220:
3446:List of colors (compact)
3264:Color in Chinese culture
2914:Digital image processing
2647:Electromagnetic spectrum
2276:C J Bartleson, "Brown".
1997:complementary wavelength
613:Specifically, in CIELAB
3451:List of colors by shade
2509:Max K. Agoston (2004).
2420:10.1073/pnas.0810943106
2196:Pantone Matching System
2005:Hue difference notation
3456:List of color palettes
2573:New York: Wiley, 1976.
2145:
2107:
2069:
2036:
1855:
1807:
1731:
1696:
1620:
1585:
1509:
1468:
1392:
1357:
1281:
1246:
1186:
1151:
1109:
998:
867:
859:
851:
825:
692:
39:
23:. For other uses, see
3380:Color Marketing Group
3135:On Vision and Colours
3068:Tinctures in heraldry
2679:Structural coloration
2486:New York: Wiley, 1953
2146:
2108:
2070:
2037:
1856:
1808:
1732:
1697:
1621:
1586:
1510:
1469:
1393:
1358:
1282:
1247:
1187:
1152:
1110:
999:
865:
857:
849:
826:
693:
568:opponent color spaces
562:Opponent color spaces
196:perceptual uniformity
190:'s color sphere. The
33:
3461:List of color spaces
3353:Tint, shade and tone
3236:Cultural differences
3051:Polychromatic colors
3036:Complementary colors
3024:Monochromatic colors
2218:Munsell color system
2188:Munsell color system
2117:
2079:
2046:
2013:
1981:chromaticity diagram
1822:
1745:
1709:
1634:
1598:
1523:
1481:
1406:
1370:
1295:
1259:
1200:
1164:
1134:
1014:
893:
708:
620:
215:; value 6 / chroma 6
192:Munsell color system
103:chromaticity diagram
25:Hue (disambiguation)
3441:List of colors: N–Z
3436:List of colors: G–M
3431:List of colors: A–F
2411:2009PNAS..10618034C
2223:Bezold–Brücke shift
2140:
2102:
1993:dominant wavelength
1977:Dominant wavelength
1869:is the lowest, and
217:
115:complementary color
111:dominant wavelength
34:All colors on this
16:Property of a color
3488:List of web colors
3483:List of RAL colors
2889:Color reproduction
2854:Lüscher color test
2691:Color of chemicals
2495:Miles Southworth,
2473:p 102-110 (1953).
2141:
2123:
2103:
2085:
2065:
2032:
1851:
1803:
1727:
1692:
1616:
1581:
1505:
1464:
1388:
1353:
1277:
1242:
1182:
1147:
1105:
994:
868:
860:
852:
821:
688:
209:
188:Philipp Otto Runge
141:, which is a dark
113:or by that of its
40:
3639:
3638:
3579:
3578:
3361:
3360:
3153:
3152:
3143:Theory of Colours
2985:
2984:
2897:Color photography
2849:Color preferences
2792:Impossible colors
2782:Color vision test
2777:Color temperature
2755:Color calibration
2684:Animal coloration
2471:TAGA Proceedings,
2208:Lightness (color)
1849:
1816:
1815:
1796:
1685:
1574:
1504:
1486:
1457:
1346:
1240:
1144:
1100:
1056:
942:
558:
557:
3659:
3629:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3419:
3418:
3285:Color dimensions
3274:Human skin color
3164:
3163:
3041:Analogous colors
3007:
3006:
2993:
2919:Color management
2836:Color psychology
2802:Opponent process
2718:Color perception
2637:
2636:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2458:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2368:. Archived from
2351:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2291:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2254:. Archived from
2248:
2242:
2239:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2030:
1935:
1923:
1904:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1773:
1757:
1756:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1662:
1646:
1645:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1484:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1334:
1323:
1307:
1306:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1076:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
986:
943:
938:
931:
911:
910:
830:
828:
827:
822:
814:
803:
792:
769:
768:
756:
755:
743:
723:
722:
697:
695:
694:
689:
681:
680:
668:
667:
655:
635:
634:
218:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3607:
3575:
3492:
3410:
3367:
3357:
3280:
3259:Blue in culture
3230:
3149:
3096:Secondary color
3072:
3029:black-and-white
3001:
2994:
2981:
2883:
2869:National colors
2864:Political color
2844:Color symbolism
2830:
2760:Color constancy
2738:Color blindness
2712:
2669:Spectral colors
2626:
2620:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2534:
2523:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2446:
2405:(42): 18034–9.
2391:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2204:
2198:are also used.
2157:
2135:
2127:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2097:
2089:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
1974:
1953:
1943:
1940:painted bunting
1936:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1886:HSV color space
1882:HSL color space
1838:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1785:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1674:
1663:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1563:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1446:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1077:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1030:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1011:
937:
936:
932:
915:
900:
896:
894:
891:
890:
844:
807:
796:
776:
764:
760:
751:
747:
727:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
676:
672:
663:
659:
639:
627:
623:
621:
618:
617:
564:
559:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
441:
438:
432:
429:
423:
420:
414:
411:
405:
402:
396:
393:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
270:
267:
261:
258:
252:
249:
243:
240:
234:
231:
225:
222:
184:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:Color history
3253:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3138:(Schopenhauer)
3131:
3126:
3123:Color analysis
3120:
3118:Color triangle
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2924:Color printing
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Kruithof curve
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:Sonochromatism
2722:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2581:External links
2579:
2576:
2575:
2562:
2532:
2521:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2459:
2444:
2385:
2311:
2286:
2269:
2243:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2156:
2153:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2113:in CIELAB and
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2042:in CIELAB and
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2006:
2003:
1989:spectral locus
1973:
1970:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1737:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1518:
1515:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1290:
1287:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1143:Preucil circle
1140:
1129:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1005:
1004:
993:
989:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
941:
935:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
909:
906:
903:
899:
843:
840:
832:
831:
820:
817:
813:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
772:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
699:
698:
687:
684:
679:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
633:
630:
626:
563:
560:
556:
555:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
445:
444:
442:
439:
435:
433:
430:
426:
424:
421:
417:
415:
412:
408:
406:
403:
399:
397:
394:
389:
388:
385:
384:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
274:
273:
271:
268:
264:
262:
259:
255:
253:
250:
246:
244:
241:
237:
235:
232:
228:
226:
223:
207:
183:
182:Deriving a hue
180:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3664:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:organizations
3364:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3309:Pastel colors
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:Primary color
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Light-on-dark
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2992:
2978:
2977:Color mapping
2975:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Color balance
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2879:Chromotherapy
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:Tetrachromacy
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Achromatopsia
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:Chromesthesia
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:Color physics
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Color science
2629:
2624:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2566:
2552:on 2009-08-07
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2522:1-85233-818-0
2518:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2375:on 2021-03-02
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:(3): 560–73.
2333:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2258:on 2017-06-30
2257:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1911:encodings of
1910:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1738:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1400:Spring Green
1399:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1288:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1008:
991:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
956:
953:
950:
944:
939:
933:
928:
912:
907:
904:
901:
897:
889:
888:
887:
885:
882:at 120°, and
881:
877:
873:
864:
856:
848:
839:
837:
818:
811:
808:
804:
800:
797:
789:
773:
765:
761:
757:
752:
748:
740:
724:
719:
716:
712:
704:
703:
702:
685:
677:
673:
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3341:Fluorescence
3304:Colorfulness
3297:Dichromatism
3291:
3141:
3133:
3103:Chromaticity
3086:Color mixing
3078:Color theory
3011:Color scheme
2874:Chromophobia
2823:
2570:
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2554:. Retrieved
2550:the original
2545:
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2496:
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2455:Colorimetry,
2454:
2402:
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2377:. Retrieved
2370:the original
2331:
2327:
2314:
2303:. Retrieved
2289:
2281:
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2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:the original
2246:
2237:
2213:Chromaticity
2173:
2158:
2008:
2001:
1975:
1954:
1951:Usage in art
1946:
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119:colorfulness
109:, or by its
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47:
44:color theory
41:
3478:Color chart
3336:Iridescence
3168:Basic terms
3159:Color terms
3113:Color wheel
3108:Color solid
2972:Color space
2958:subtractive
2941:Color model
2812:Unique hues
2708:Colorimetry
2674:Chromophore
2262:October 27,
2161:color terms
2151:in CIELUV.
1985:white point
1907:Hue in the
1289:Chartreuse
1128:Hue region
874:. To place
604:rectangular
551:201 130 134
546:200 130 140
541:198 130 146
536:196 130 153
531:193 131 160
526:188 132 169
521:183 134 176
516:177 135 182
511:168 138 189
506:160 140 193
501:152 142 196
496:141 145 198
491:128 149 198
486:117 151 197
481:104 154 195
355:101 162 124
350:115 160 110
300:197 135 100
295:200 133 109
290:201 131 118
285:201 130 127
280:201 130 134
168:human brain
107:color wheel
99:color space
36:color wheel
3498:Shades of:
3331:Brightness
3063:Web colors
3019:Color tool
3002:philosophy
2907:Color cast
2807:Afterimage
2797:Metamerism
2770:Color code
2765:Color task
2748:Dichromacy
2556:2024-01-03
2379:2020-09-10
2305:2011-06-09
2229:References
476:93 156 193
471:82 158 189
466:73 160 184
461:70 161 177
456:70 162 170
451:73 163 162
380:73 163 162
375:78 163 154
370:82 163 148
365:87 163 141
360:92 163 134
345:127 159 98
340:141 156 85
335:151 154 78
330:160 151 73
325:167 149 72
320:173 146 75
315:181 143 79
310:187 140 86
305:193 137 94
131:brightness
123:saturation
3348:Grayscale
3321:Lightness
3316:Luminance
3125:(fashion)
2825:The dress
2137:∗
2121:Δ
2099:∗
2083:Δ
2050:Δ
2017:Δ
1843:−
1832:−
1790:−
1779:−
1770:−
1759:⋅
1754:∘
1716:≥
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1668:−
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1611:≥
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1209:∘
1177:≥
1171:≥
1125:Ordering
1094:−
1088:−
1082:⋅
1068:−
1059:⋅
1021:
981:−
975:−
969:⋅
954:−
945:⋅
886:at 240°,
766:∗
753:∗
678:∗
665:∗
127:lightness
3646:Category
3621:Category
3603:Lighting
3326:Darkness
3146:(Goethe)
2946:additive
2934:Quattron
2527:Archived
2439:19805195
2366:11724926
2358:17988638
2299:Archived
2202:See also
2184:CIECAM02
1966:alizarin
1958:chromium
1890:hexacone
1861:, where
812:′
801:′
606:form to
211:Munsell
150:painting
64:stimulus
60:CIECAM02
3585:Related
3546:Magenta
3471:history
3375:Pantone
2662:Visible
2657:Rainbow
2430:2764907
2407:Bibcode
2349:8162777
1962:cadmium
1909:HSL/HSV
1628:Violet
1194:Orange
878:at 0°,
834:where,
174:called
157:pigment
54:) of a
3598:Qualia
3593:Vision
3541:Purple
3536:Violet
3516:Yellow
3511:Orange
3206:Orange
3201:Purple
3191:Yellow
2625:topics
2519:
2437:
2427:
2364:
2356:
2346:
2328:Neuron
2194:, and
2180:CIELUV
1517:Azure
1503:
1485:
600:CIELUV
584:CIELAB
143:orange
135:pastel
129:, and
88:violet
76:yellow
72:orange
3652:Color
3631:Index
3571:Black
3561:White
3556:Brown
3521:Green
3423:Lists
3415:Names
3397:(CIE)
3366:Color
3226:Brown
3221:White
3211:Black
3181:Green
3000:Color
2696:Water
2652:Light
2623:Color
2373:(PDF)
2362:S2CID
2324:(PDF)
2182:, or
2176:angle
1739:Rose
880:green
836:atan2
608:polar
176:globs
139:brown
105:) or
80:green
56:color
3566:Gray
3551:Pink
3531:Blue
3526:Cyan
3216:Gray
3196:Pink
3176:Blue
2963:CMYK
2517:ISBN
2435:PMID
2354:PMID
2264:2017
1964:and
1722:>
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1497:>
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884:blue
598:*) (
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213:hues
166:The
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3506:Red
3292:Hue
3186:Red
2951:RGB
2425:PMC
2415:doi
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2336:doi
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1913:RGB
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1018:tan
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