972:
61:
224:
537:
751:
1055:
As Grand Master, Hugh of Payens led the Order for almost twenty years until his death, helping to establish the Order's foundations as an important and influential military and financial institution. On his visit to
England and Scotland in 1128, he raised men and money for the Order, and also founded
993:
in 1104–07 and visited
Jerusalem for a second time in 1114–16. It is probable that he was accompanied by Hugh of Payens, who remained there after the Count returned to France as there is a charter with "Hugonis de Peans" in the witness list from Jerusalem in 1120 and again in 1123. In 1125 his name
901:
in a document of 1085–90, indicating that the man was at least sixteen by this date—a legal adult and thus able to bear witness to legal documents—and so born no later than 1070. The same name appears on a number of other charters up to 1113 also relating to Count Hugh of
Champagne, suggesting that
1013:
in 1100: "While he was reigning magnificently, some had decided not to return to the shadows of the world after suffering such dangers for God's sake. On the advice of the princes of God's army they vowed themselves to God's Temple under this rule: they would renounce the world, give up personal
746:
There is no known early biography of Hugo de
Paganis in existence, nor do later writers cite such a biography. None of the sources on his later career give details of his early life. Information is therefore scanty and uncertain; embellishments depend partly on documents that may not refer to the
853:(Volume 11) published by Robert Appleton Company in 1911. Two Italian writers have stated that this claim is supported by a letter Hugo supposedly wrote from Palestine in 1103, in which he talked of writing to "my father in Nocera" to tell him of the death of his cousin Alessandro.
1094:
Hugh of Payens reportedly died in 1136, but the circumstances and date of his death are not recorded in any chronicle, though the
Templars commemorated him every year on 24 May, and it is presumed that he died of old age. The 16th century historian
1043:
In the late 1120s, Hugh of Payens, along with several other
Templars, went on a diplomatic mission to western Europe on behalf of Baldwin II. They met with nobles and kings in an attempt to encourage warriors to come to the
1021:(whose reign began in 1118) with eight knights, two of whom were brothers and all of whom were his relatives by either blood or marriage, in order to form the Order of the Knights Templar. The other knights were
994:
appears again as a witness to a donation, this time accompanied by the title "magister militum Templi" ("Master of the
Knights of the Temple"). He most likely obtained approval for the Order from King
2177:
1014:
goods, free themselves to pursue purity, and lead a communal life wearing a poor habit, only using arms to defend the land against the attacks of the insurgent pagans when necessity demanded."
1037:, Geoffrey Bison, and two men recorded only by the names of Rossal and Gondamer. Baldwin approved the foundation of the Order and entrusted the Temple of Jerusalem to its care.
914:
was a member of the Count's court. By the year 1113 he was married to
Elizabeth de Chappes, who bore him at least one child, Thibaud, later abbot of the Abbaye de la Colombe at
1705:
937:. A Templar commandery was eventually built at Payns. Some scholars have however looked for Hugh's origins elsewhere. There was an early claim that he came from the
1844:
480:
259:
2153:
2286:
971:
630:
The majority of the primary sources of information for his life are presented in medieval Latin, French or
Italian. Latin sources call him
266:
73:
2185:
475:
1115:
It has recently been claimed that the wife of Hugues de Payens was
Catherine St. Clair within the context of the alternative history of
921:
The one belated statement that the founder of the Knights Templars came from "Payns near Troyes" has some circumstantial confirmation.
2291:
565:
1819:
963:; however, Galceran married only in 1090, far too late a date for him to be the father of the founder of the Knights Templars.
2296:
1579:
2237:
2089:
1902:
1887:
1121:
517:
1247:
1678:
1993:
510:
492:
2168:
2048:
1776:
1639:
1131:
1009:
One early chronicler, Simon de St. Bertin, implies that the Knights Templar originated earlier, before the death of
2061:
Ho scritto a mio padre in Nocera che mi faccia gratia venire a Rossano per consolare V.S. et a Madama Zia Hippolita
856:
The earliest source that details a geographical origin for the later Grand Master is the Old French translation of
999:
1797:
1474:
249:
1655:(1967), "Tableau Généalogique de Gisors, Guitry, Mareuil et Saint-Clair par Henri Lobineau" in Pierre Jarnac,
558:
487:
407:
278:
60:
2281:
432:
427:
417:
1040:
Count Hugh of Champagne himself joined the Knights Templar on his third visit to the Holy Land in 1125.
2029:
422:
2069:
Nuceria Paganorum – Le origini di Ugone dei Pagani: fondatore e 1º Gran Maestro dei Cavalieri Templari
1952:
1948:
1944:
934:
636:. Some of his earliest purported appearances in documents are under the part-Latin, part-French name
365:
2023:
986:
551:
450:
296:
207:
1018:
995:
976:
697:
271:
1546:
de St. Bertin, Simon. "Gesta abbatum Sancti Bertini Sithensium". In Holder-Egger, Oswald (ed.).
1852:
1826:(in French) (2 ed.). Bruxelles : Pierre Foppens . Archived from the original on 2016-05-29
1815:
1151:
1079:
834:
541:
304:
2212:
2095:
1926:
1807:
1759:
1547:
223:
2271:
2162:
2038:
2003:
1916:
1889:
Historie cronologiche dell'origine degl'ordini militari e di tutte le religioni cavalleresche
1096:
1022:
980:
850:
822:
375:
2206:
1976:
1862:
1735:
2276:
1934:
1075:
1045:
1030:
922:
885:
838:
806:
734:
705:
613:
187:
176:
1938:
1034:
918:. The documents span Hugh's lifetime and the disposition of his property after his death.
8:
2117:
The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar
2013:
Moiraghi, Mario (2013). "Le prove della sua origine" [The proofs of his origin].
1803:
Dizionario storico-blasonico delle famiglie nobili e notabili italiane estinte e fiorenti
1453:
1010:
898:
1787:
942:
747:
same individual, partly on histories written decades or even centuries after his death.
1870:
1838:
1563:
1116:
1065:
830:
335:
2044:
1989:
1970:
1801:
1772:
1734:(in English and German). Vol. III (2 ed.). Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. p.
1635:
1575:
1470:
1126:
1026:
1003:
955:). Hugh has also been identified with Hug de Pinós, third son of Galceran I, lord of
757:
696:
are literal translations of each other, both literally meaning 'Hugh of the Pagans' (
313:
161:
147:
1729:
1525:
2078:
Le origini nocerine di Ugone dei Pagani e i suoi misteriosi rapporti con i saraceni
1276:
1083:
798:
719:
457:
143:
45:
1552:(in Latin and English). Vol. 13. Translated by Nicholson, Helen. p. 649.
2253:
2099:
1920:
1908:
1893:
1856:
1753:
1699:
1674:
1104:
857:
729:
669:
609:
215:
191:
114:
1713:
1251:
826:
814:
524:
385:
345:
151:
36:
870:, but the French translation by Paulin Paris, dated to 1879, describes him as
2265:
2085:
1892:(in Italian). Vol. I. Venice: Combi e LàNoù. p. 307. Archived from
1725:
1690:
1686:
1612:
818:
1571:
1074:
laying down the way of life of the Order, attributed to Hugh of Payens and
1061:
2025:
Militaris ordinis Johannitarum, Rhodiorum aut Melitensium equitum historia
1467:
Hugues de Payns, chevalier champenois, fondateur de l'Ordre des Templiers
776:
395:
355:
1986:
L'italiano che fondò i Templari – Hugo de Paganis: cavaliere di Campania
1651:
The claim that Hugues de Payens married Catherine St. Clair was made in
2124:
Howe, John (2016). "The Rule: Military Secret of the Knights Templar".
1139:
1070:
618:
324:
254:
1632:
The Templar Legacy & The Masonic Inheritance within Rosslyn Chapel
952:
1771:(in Italian) (2 ed.). Rome: Edizioni Mediterranee. p. 125.
1685:. By VV.AA. Vol. XI. New York: Robert Appleton Company. p.
1057:
990:
960:
1767:
Capone Ferrari, Bianca; Imperio, Loredana; Valentini, Enzo (1997) .
1704:(in Italian). Vol. I. Cosenza: Tipografia Municipale. p.
1049:
938:
842:
810:
750:
724:
536:
1769:
Guida all'Italia dei templari. Gli insediamenti templari in Italia
1568:
The Templars: The Rise and Spectacular Fall of God's Holy Warriors
956:
1100:
761:
608:– 24 May 1136), was the co-founder and first Grand Master of the
2217:
1925:(in Italian). Vol. IV. Ferrara: Vittorio Baldini. p.
1861:(in French) (2 ed.). Bruxelles : Pierre Foppens . p.
881:
157:
1766:
1618:
1588:
876:("Hugh of Payens near Troyes"), a reference to the village of
821:, Heinrich Pantaleon, Scipione Mazzella, Filiberto Campanile,
1099:
claimed that Hugh was buried in the Church of San Giacomo in
877:
864:, dated to c. 1200. The Latin text actually calls him simply
709:
2094:(in Latin). Vol. XI. Venice: Giordano Ziletti. p.
1806:(in Italian). Vol. II. Bologna: Arnaldo Forni. p.
1017:
Later chroniclers write that Hugh of Payens approached King
1943:(in Latin and German). Leiden: Jordaan Luchtmans. pp.
915:
784:
780:
1962:
Le vite dei re di Napoli: con le loro effigie dal naturale
2213:
Contemporary reactions to the foundation of the Templars
1792:(in French) (2 ed.). Bruxelles : François Foppens .
2151:
Mondadori, ed. (July 2008). "Guerrieri dello spirito".
1907:(in Italian) (2 ed.). Cosenza: MIT. Archived from
1423:
1353:
1351:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1177:
1175:
1173:
841:. Mentions of Nocera as his birthplace also appear in
1718:
Brevis et exacta notitia originis Sacrae Domus Templi
1657:
Les Mystères de Rennes-le-Château, Mélanges Sulfureux
1336:
1290:
1288:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1194:
1192:
1190:
756:
the Italian brother Ugo dei Pagani, from the city of
1387:
1324:
1312:
652:. In later French works his name usually appears as
1435:
1363:
1348:
1221:
1170:
925:, who favoured the Order and helped to compose its
1745:Storia di Nocera – Monumenti, personaggi, leggende
1600:
1300:
1285:
1204:
1187:
16:Co-Founder and Grand Master of the Knights Templar
1964:(in Italian) (2 ed.). Naples: G. Bonfadino .
1701:Le biografie degli uomini illustri delle Calabrie
1411:
1399:
1375:
929:, also had the support of Hugh of Champagne. The
897:is mentioned as a witness to a donation by Count
2263:
2017:(in Italian). Vol. I. Nave senza nocchiere.
1843:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2184:(in Italian) (135–136): 102–113. Archived from
2076:Rotundo, Domenico; Candido, Gian Paolo (2012).
1975:(in Latin). Macerata: Pietro Salvioni. p.
1758:(in Italian). Naples: Tarquinio Longo. p.
712:) are located in regions which were then named
2075:
1796:
966:
1056:their first House in London and another near
685:
647:
641:
640:(1120–1125; details below), or in Italian as
559:
1619:Capone Ferrari, Imperio & Valentini 1997
946:
871:
659:
653:
595:
587:
23:
1858:Histoire de l'ordre militaire des Templiers
1820:"Histoire de la condamnation des Templiers"
909:
903:
892:
865:
792:
713:
691:
631:
579:
2178:"Polemiche templari nel territorio lucano"
2114:
2043:(in Italian). Rome: Templari. p. 38.
2028:(in Latin). Basel: Thomas Guarin. p.
1885:
1697:
1594:
1491:Les Pagels de l'Ardèche et leurs seigneurs
1429:
566:
552:
59:
2175:
2150:
2021:
1900:
1751:
1549:Monumenta Germanica Historica: Scriptores
1545:
1342:
1318:
817:, historically supported by authors like
585:, better known by the French translation
2146:(in Italian). Casale Monferrato: Piemme.
2132:
2012:
1983:
1959:
1785:
1724:
1393:
1330:
1234:
1181:
979:ceding the Temple to Hugh of Payens and
970:
749:
741:
704:). Moreover, both his presumed origins (
2084:
2066:
2036:
1968:
1933:
1915:
1869:
1742:
1673:
1526:"Knights Templar 3: Birth of the Order"
1441:
1369:
1357:
1306:
1294:
1215:
1198:
1158:
2264:
2141:
1497:vol. 86 (1982) p. 125; Odo de Gissey,
1272:
1270:
1268:
1138:Hugues is the main protagonist of the
1119:, such as in the pseudohistory of the
1103:. He was succeeded as Grand Master by
847:Italy: handbook for travellers. Part 3
622:, the code of behavior for the Order.
2135:Vita e Morte dell'Ordine dei Templari
1851:
1814:
1712:
1653:Les Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau
1634:, p.17 (The Friends of Rosslyn, 1994
1562:
1556:
1464:
1417:
1405:
1381:
1149:Hughes is mentioned on the TV series
1110:
668:
2287:Grand masters of the Knights Templar
2218:Hugues de Payns Museum Payns, France
2207:The Crusades and the Knights Templar
2123:
1789:Les fortifications du comte de Pagan
1606:
673:), often translated into English as
2238:Grand Master of the Knights Templar
1786:De Pagan, Blaise François (1668) .
1755:L'armi, overo le insegne dei nobili
1523:
1265:
1082:over which a papal legate, sent by
236:Christ and of the Temple of Solomon
74:Grand Master of the Knights Templar
13:
2108:
1512:La mística solar de los Templarios
933:of the Order was confirmed at the
894:Hugo de Pedano, Montiniaci dominus
891:In early documents of that region
511:Military order (religious society)
222:
14:
2308:
2200:
1798:Di Crollalanza, Giovanni Battista
1132:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
1122:Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau
2292:Medieval Knights Templar members
2137:(in Italian). Milano: Mondadori.
1493:(Roudil) p. 44; F. Malartre, in
862:History of Events Beyond the Sea
535:
2080:(in Italian). Pagani: Nord-Sud.
2071:(in Italian). Pagani: Nord-Sud.
1645:
1624:
1539:
1517:
1504:
1483:
1458:
1447:
1248:"Hugues de Payns (1070??-1136)"
1078:, was confirmed in 1129 at the
1000:Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem
791:There is long-dated claim that
2115:Upton-Ward, J.M., ed. (1992).
2040:Templari, misteri e cattedrali
1922:Compendio historico di Ferrara
1731:Italy: handbook for travellers
1240:
1144:Knights of the Black and White
1:
2242:
2211:Helen Nicholson, translator,
2167:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2128:. 6, No. 5, (Nov/Dec): 20-26.
1988:(in Italian). Milan: Àncora.
1886:Giustinian, Bernardo (1692).
1881:] (in Latin and Italian).
1752:Campanile, Filiberto (1610).
1163:
602:
133:
86:
2297:12th-century French nobility
2091:Historiarum de regno Italiae
2022:Pantaleon, Heinrich (1581).
1960:Mazzella, Scipione (1596) .
1747:(in Italian). Editrice Gaia.
1469:. Troyes: Maison Boulanger.
833:, Blaise François de Pagan,
7:
1972:Militarium ordinum origines
1901:Gradilone, Alfredo (1967).
1743:Belsito, Francesco (2013).
1454:Text: see book 12 chapter 7
967:The foundation of the Order
873:Hues de Paiens delez Troies
518:Catholic orders of chivalry
10:
2313:
2182:Basilicata Regione Notizie
2176:Montesano, Nicola (2016).
2067:Rotundo, Domenico (2005).
2037:Rotundo, Domenico (1983).
1698:Accattatis, Luigi (1869).
1666:
837:, Bernardo Giustinian and
542:Catholic Church portal
186:Founding member and first
2250:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2004:"Interview with Moiraghi"
1630:e.g. Tim Wallace-Murphy,
989:made a pilgrimage to the
935:Council of Troyes in 1129
851:Old Catholic Encyclopedia
596:
588:
366:Pastoralis praeeminentiae
197:
182:
170:
129:
124:
120:
108:
96:
79:
71:
67:
58:
32:
24:
21:
2133:Demurger, Alain (2005).
1984:Moiraghi, Mario (2005).
1879:Life of Pope Gelasius II
1155:in season 2, chapter 5.
1089:
987:Hugh, Count of Champagne
880:, about 10 km from
770:Life of Pope Gelasius II
2142:Barber, Samuel (2005).
1969:Mennens, Frans (1623).
1875:Vita di Papa Gelasio II
1465:Leroy, Thierry (1997).
1019:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
996:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
977:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
775:Diaries on the life of
625:
234:Poor Fellow-Soldiers of
2144:La storia dei templari
1917:Guarini, Marco Antonio
1499:Histoire de N.D du Puy
1489:Michel des Chaliards,
1052:Baldwin was planning.
1048:and join an attack on
983:
947:
910:
904:
893:
872:
866:
802:
793:
788:
774:
733:
723:
714:
701:
692:
686:
660:
654:
648:
642:
632:
612:. In association with
580:
279:Trials and dissolution
228:
49:
40:
1935:Hofmann, Johann Jacob
1683:Catholic Encyclopedia
1097:Marco Antonio Guarini
1023:Godfrey de Saint-Omer
981:Godfrey de Saint-Omer
974:
911:Hugo dominus de Peanz
823:Marco Antonio Guarini
754:
753:
742:Origin and early life
666:French pronunciation:
481:In self-styled orders
376:Faciens misericordiam
226:
174:24 May 1136 (aged 66)
2119:. The Boydell Press.
1720:(in Latin). Palermo.
1159:Notes and references
1076:Bernard of Clairvaux
1046:Kingdom of Jerusalem
923:Bernard of Clairvaux
839:Johann Jacob Hofmann
684:Remarkably, Italian
614:Bernard of Clairvaux
177:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1871:Gaetani, Costantino
1679:"Nocera dei Pagani"
1597:, p. 4 and 12.
1011:Godfrey of Bouillon
467:Cultural references
146:, formerly part of
2282:People from Troyes
1940:Lexicon universale
1824:Histoire de France
1524:Selwood, Dominic.
1111:In popular culture
1066:Temple, Midlothian
984:
888:(eastern France).
849:(1869) and in the
831:Costantino Gaetani
789:
779:, pontiff between
493:In popular culture
336:Omne datum optimum
229:
2260:
2259:
2251:Succeeded by
2226:Religious titles
1904:Storia di Rossano
1581:978-0-525-42830-5
1574:. p. 40-41.
1495:Revue du Vivarais
1281:The Latin Library
1127:conspiracy theory
1080:Council of Troyes
1035:André de Montbard
1004:Council of Nablus
941:(the district of
899:Hugh of Champagne
825:, Frans Mennens,
807:Nocera de' Pagani
706:Nocera de' Pagani
670:[yɡdəpɛ̃]
616:, he created the
576:
575:
314:Council of Vienne
298:Council of Troyes
201:
200:
162:Kingdom of France
148:Nocera dei Pagani
103:Order established
2304:
2247:
2244:
2223:
2222:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2126:Medieval Warfare
2120:
2103:
2098:. Archived from
2081:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2033:
2018:
2007:
1999:
1980:
1965:
1956:
1930:
1912:
1897:
1882:
1866:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1793:
1782:
1763:
1748:
1739:
1721:
1709:
1694:
1689:. Archived from
1675:Benigni, Umberto
1660:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1250:. Archived from
1244:
1238:
1232:
1219:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1084:Pope Honorius II
1029:, Archambaud de
950:
913:
907:
896:
875:
869:
796:
772:
717:
695:
693:Hugues de Payens
689:
672:
667:
663:
657:
655:Hugues de Payens
651:
645:
635:
607:
604:
599:
598:
591:
590:
589:Hugues de Payens
583:
568:
561:
554:
540:
539:
458:Order of Montesa
203:
202:
138:
135:
125:Personal details
111:
99:
91:
88:
84:
63:
27:
26:
25:Hugues de Payens
19:
18:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:Robert de Craon
2245:
2241:
2203:
2191:
2189:
2160:
2159:
2111:
2109:Further reading
2106:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2015:Hugo de Paganis
2002:
1996:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1779:
1714:Amico, Antonino
1669:
1664:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1595:Upton-Ward 1992
1593:
1589:
1582:
1561:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1510:J. G. Atienza,
1509:
1505:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1430:Giustinian 1692
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2102:on 2015-07-02.
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803:Ugo de' Pagani
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2272:1070s births
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2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2181:
2163:cite journal
2154:Focus Storia
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2100:the original
2090:
2077:
2068:
2060:
2054:. Retrieved
2039:
2024:
2014:
1985:
1971:
1961:
1939:
1921:
1909:the original
1903:
1894:the original
1888:
1878:
1874:
1857:
1828:. Retrieved
1823:
1802:
1788:
1768:
1754:
1744:
1730:
1717:
1700:
1691:the original
1682:
1656:
1652:
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1631:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1572:Viking Press
1570:. New York:
1567:
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1548:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1519:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1466:
1460:
1449:
1442:Hofmann 1698
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1370:Mennens 1623
1365:
1358:Guarini 1621
1338:
1326:
1314:
1307:Sigonio 1574
1302:
1295:Gaetani 1638
1280:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:the original
1242:
1216:Rotundo 1983
1199:Benigni 1911
1150:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1120:
1114:
1093:
1086:, presided.
1069:
1062:Balantrodoch
1054:
1042:
1039:
1016:
1008:
985:
930:
926:
920:
890:
861:
855:
846:
835:Pierre Dupuy
805:) came from
790:
769:
755:
745:
683:
678:
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629:
617:
594:
586:
578:
577:
394:
384:
374:
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354:
344:
334:
312:
305:
297:
188:Grand Master
110:Succeeded by
102:
81:
2277:1136 deaths
2246: 1119
1514:pp. 240–243
1025:, Payen de
948:département
777:Gelasius II
690:and French
606: 1070
476:In the IOGT
396:Ad providam
356:Militia Dei
325:Papal bulls
137: 1070
98:Preceded by
90: 1119
2266:Categories
2192:2019-12-11
2056:2023-09-08
1830:2024-06-16
1564:Jones, Dan
1476:2950789560
1418:Dupuy 1751
1406:Dupuy 1713
1382:Amico 1636
1258:2014-08-20
1164:References
1152:Knightfall
1140:Jack Whyte
1071:Latin Rule
1027:Montdidier
1006:in 1120.
931:Latin Rule
927:Latin Rule
718:in Latin (
619:Latin Rule
442:Successors
255:Latin Rule
2232:New title
1855:(1751) .
1839:cite book
1818:(1713) .
1728:(1869) .
1607:Howe 2016
1058:Edinburgh
1031:St. Amand
991:Holy Land
961:Catalonia
886:Champagne
735:Champagne
408:Locations
183:Known for
82:In office
2088:(1574).
1937:(1698).
1919:(1621).
1873:(1638).
1800:(1886).
1716:(1636).
1677:(1911).
1566:(2017).
1531:20 April
1125:and the
1050:Damascus
939:Vivarais
843:Baedeker
811:Campania
767:—
725:Campania
715:Campania
502:See also
433:Scotland
428:Portugal
418:Brittany
288:Councils
241:Overview
208:a series
206:Part of
1667:Sources
1117:Rosslyn
1101:Ferrara
1002:at the
953:Ardèche
943:Viviers
799:Italian
762:Salerno
760:, near
720:Italian
423:England
272:Members
250:History
190:of the
46:Italian
2248:–1136
2047:
1992:
1775:
1687:11087a
1638:
1578:
1501:(1644)
1473:
1142:novel
1068:. The
882:Troyes
758:Nocera
730:French
399:(1312)
389:(1312)
379:(1308)
369:(1307)
359:(1145)
349:(1144)
339:(1139)
308:(1135)
300:(1129)
210:on the
158:Troyes
144:Pagani
2157:(21).
1877:[
1090:Death
975:King
957:Pinós
884:, in
878:Payns
710:Payns
661:Payns
597:Payns
92:–1136
37:Latin
2169:link
2045:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1845:link
1773:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1533:2013
1471:ISBN
1277:Text
998:and
916:Sens
785:1119
783:and
781:1118
708:and
626:Name
260:Seal
171:Died
130:Born
72:1st
2096:427
1953:945
1949:942
1945:547
1927:224
1808:252
1760:253
1736:145
1279:at
1129:of
1060:at
959:in
951:of
908:or
860:'s
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677:or
658:or
646:or
593:or
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1267:^
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