1289:
1418:
1514:
817:
2966:
1815:
2990:
2978:
1606:
2011:), named after the regions of their location, whether along the Russian border, or internal borders between Russian and non-Russian peoples. Each host had its own leadership and traditions as well as uniforms and ranks. However, by the late 19th century, the latter were standardized following the example of the Imperial Russian Army. Each host was required to provide a number of regiments for service in the Imperial Russian Army and for border patrol work. While most Cossacks served as cavalry, there were infantry and artillery units in several of the larger hosts. Three regiments of Cossacks formed part of the Imperial Guard, as well as the
2028:
1297:
2397:
2356:
2954:
8796:
4546:
2497:
2471:
792:
2434:
66:
2937:
1990:
2291:
2263:
1701:
1336:
reservists who would be ready to mobilize in case of war. It also permitted the
Russian Empire to maintain a smaller standing army in peacetime. Ironically, this reform was a disaster for the Tsarist regime. By reducing the length of service, peasant elders and officials could no longer threaten radical youths with conscription. Soldiers now kept their peasant identities and many learned new skills and became literate. They radicalised the villages on their return.
881:
8779:
4529:
1265:. The allies created an international system to maintain the territorial status quo and prevent the resurgence of an expansionist France. This included each ally maintaining a corps of occupation in France. The Quadruple Alliance, confirmed by a number of international conferences, ensured Russia's influence in Europe, if only because of the proven capability of its army to defeat that of Napoleon and to carry the war to Paris.
2916:
2868:
2847:
2821:
2780:
2746:
2698:
2646:
2602:
2575:
2530:
1244:
1128:
3781:
1288:
1452:
divisions to operate against
Germany, 46 infantry and 18.5 cavalry divisions to operate against Austria-Hungary, 19.5 infantry and 5.5 cavalry divisions for the defence of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea littorals, and 17 infantry and 3.5 cavalry divisions were to be transported in from Siberia and Turkestan.
865:
were poorly trained and had difficulty getting their men to perform the sometimes complex manoeuvres required in a battle. Nevertheless, the
Russians did have a fine artillery arm manned by soldiers trained in academies and who would regularly fight hard to prevent their pieces from falling into enemy hands.
1545:
against wishes of most of its officer corps, and with his demise immediate changes followed to remove much of the
Prussianness from its character. Although the army had conventional European parts within it such as the monarch's guard, the infantry and cavalry of the line and field artillery, it also
1451:
as
Commander-in-Chief. On mobilization, the Russian Army totalled 115 infantry and 38 cavalry divisions with nearly 7,900 guns (7,100 field guns, 540 field howitzers and 257 heavy guns). There were only 2 army ambulances and 679 cars. Divisions were allocated as follows: 32 infantry and 10.5 cavalry
2097:
mentioned the arrows and bows wielded by the
Bashkirs. Napoleon's forces faced off against Kalmyks on horseback. Napoleon faced light mounted Bashkir forces. Mounted Kalmyks and Bashkirs numbering 100 were available to Russian commandants during the war against Napoleon. Kalmyks and Bashkirs served
2092:
in the
Russian military fought against Napoleon's forces. They were judged suitable for inundating opponents but not for intense fighting. They were in a non standard capacity in the military. Arrows, bows, and melee combat weapons were wielded by the Muslim Bashkirs. Bashkir women fought among the
1550:
that in times of rare peace served to guard the
Russian Empire's southern borders, and in times of war served as fully-fledged light cavalry, providing invaluable reconnaissance service often far better than that available to other European armies due to the greater degree of initiative and freedom
1228:
failed. This was immediately used to raise new regiments, and to begin creating a greater foothold in the
Caucasus. By the early 19th century, the empire also was firmly ensconced in Alaska reached via Cossack expeditions to Siberia, although only a rudimentary military presence was possible due to
1156:
made the decision in order to preserve the army. By 14 September, the French captured Moscow. The
Russian governor Prince Rastopchin ordered the city burnt to the ground and large parts of it were destroyed. Alexander I refused to capitulate, and with no sign of clear victory in sight, Napoleon was
1335:
As part of Milyutin's reforms, on 1 January 1874, the emperor approved a conscription statute that made military service compulsory for all 21-year-old males with the term reduced for land army to six years plus nine years in reserve. This conscription created a large pool of experienced military
1187:. This soon forced Prussia to declare war on France, and with its mobilisation, for many Prussian officers serving in the Russian Army to leave, creating a serious shortage of experienced officers in the Russian Army. After the death of Kutuzov in early 1813, command of the Russian Army passed to
1144:
on 23 June 1812. Russia proclaimed a Patriotic War, while Napoleon proclaimed a Second Polish war, but against the expectations of the Poles who supplied almost 100,000 troops for the invasion force he avoided any concessions toward Poland, having in mind further negotiations with Russia. Russia
1091:
At the same time, Russia continued its expansion. The Congress of Vienna created the Kingdom of Poland (Russian Poland), to which Alexander granted a constitution. Thus, Alexander I became the constitutional monarch of Poland while remaining the autocratic Emperor of Russia. He was also the Grand
864:
organization: there was no permanent formation above the regimental level, senior officers were largely recruited from aristocratic circles, and the Russian soldier, in line with 18th-century practice, was regularly beaten and punished to instill discipline. Furthermore, many lower-level officers
1529:
The Imperial Russian Army entered the Napoleonic Wars organized administratively and in the field on the same principles as it had been in the 18th century of units being assigned to campaign headquarters, and the "army" being known either for its senior commander, or the area of its operations.
1980:
who would kidnap Jewish children and turn them over to the government for conscription. It became known that "the khappers were not scrupulous about adhering to the minimum age of 12 and frequently impressed children as young as 8." "By the time the empire collapsed, around 1.5 million Jewish
1277:, a loose agreement pledging the rulers of the nations involvedβincluding most of Europeβto act according to Christian principles. This emerged in part due to the influence religion had played in the army during the war of 1812, and its influence on the common soldiers and officers alike.
1576:
In 1806, most of the Inspections were abolished, and replaced by divisions based on the French model although still territorially based. By 1809, there were 25 infantry divisions as permanent field formations, each organised around three infantry brigade and one artillery brigade. When
715:
In 1681, there were 33 regular regiments (61,000 men) and 25 dragoon and reiter regiments (29,000 men). In the late 17th century, regiments of the new type represented more than a half of the Russian Army and at the beginning of the 18th century were used for creating a regular army.
896:
made the decision to go to war independently of any other great power except neighbouring Russia. Another course of action might have involved declaring war the previous year and joining Austria and Russia. This might have contained Napoleon and prevented the Allied disaster in the
1256:
with the help of the surrender of Marshal Marmont's beleaguered exhausted troops, before Napoleon, who was out of position and rushing to Paris to defend it, could reinforce its garrison, effectively ending the campaign. More pragmatically, in 1814 Russia, Britain, Austria, and
1916:
Ivan Kaspersky. At Borodino in 1812 the artillery of the Guard included the Lifeguard Artillery Brigade (now a part of the Guard Infantry Division), the Lifeguard Horse Artillery under Colonel Kozen, attached to the 1st Cuirassier Division, and the Guard Sapper Battalion.
1386:
The army's share of the budget fell from 30% to 18% in 1881β1902. By 1904 Russia was spending 57% and 63% of what Germany and Austria-Hungary were spending on each soldier, respectively. Army morale was broken by crushing over 1500 protests from 1883 to 1903.
1969:
was required to serve in the Russian military. The reasoning for Nicolas for mandatory conscription was because "in the military they would learn not only Russian but also useful skills and crafts, and eventually they would become his loyal subjects."
1083:
The requirement of joining France's Continental Blockade against Britain was a serious disruption of Russian commerce, and in 1810 Alexander repudiated the obligation. This strategic change was followed by a substantial reform in the army undertaken by
1251:
The campaign in France was marked by persistent advances made by the Russian-led forces towards Paris despite attempts by Alexander's allies to allow Napoleon an avenue for surrender. In a brilliant deceptive manoeuvre Alexander was able to reach, and
1157:
forced to withdraw from Moscow's ruins. So the disastrous Great Retreat began, with 370,000 casualties largely as a result of starvation and the freezing weather conditions, and 200,000 captured. Napoleon narrowly escaped total annihilation at the
733:
was introduced by Peter the Great in December 1699, though reports say Peter's father also used it. The conscripts were called "recruits" (not to be confused with voluntary army recruitment, which did not appear until the early 20th century).
1964:
declared the "Statute on Conscription Duty". This statute made it mandatory that all Russian males ages twelve to twenty-five were now required to serve in the Russian armed forces for 25 years. This was the first time that the massive
2116:
fought in the Imperial Russian Army against the Imperial German Army. This military formation was formed by volunteers, and from 1916 by conscription among the Latvian population. They were used as an elite force in the Imperial and
4663:
951:
on 7 and 8 February 1807. After this indecisive bloodbath both sides belatedly went into winter quarters. In early June, Bennigsen mounted an offensive that was quickly parried by the French. Napoleon launched a pursuit toward
711:
and boyars' children and were paid with money (or lands) for their service. More than a half of the commanding officers were representatives from the gentry. In times of peace, some of the regiments were usually disbanded.
8932:
4585:
748:
The term of service in the 18th century was for life. In 1793, it was reduced to 25 years. In 1834, it was reduced to 20 years plus five years in the reserve, and in 1855 to 12 years plus three years in the reserve.
8870:
8817:
1339:
The system of military education was also reformed, and elementary education was made available to all the draftees. Milyutin's reforms are regarded as a milestone in the history of Russia: they dispensed with the
4590:
1417:
1139:
to remain in the Continental System and to remove the imminent threat of Russian invasion of Poland. The Grande ArmΓ©e, 650,000 men (270,000 Frenchmen and many soldiers of allies or subject powers), crossed the
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
8827:
6162:
4580:
1362:
100,000 Russian troops fought to pacify part of Manchuria and to secure its railroads. Some Russian military forces were already stationed in China before the war, and one of them met a grotesque end at the
1272:
in 1815. Many of the prominent Russian commanders were feted in the European capitals, including London. In the same year, under the influence of religious mysticism, Alexander initiated the creation of the
8837:
6093:
5893:
8860:
7879:
7874:
7869:
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6857:
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6441:
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6426:
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6416:
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6376:
6371:
6366:
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6356:
6351:
6331:
6326:
6321:
5773:
1981:
soldiers fulfilled what was often seen as a highly burdensome and intrusive obligation." At first many Jews were hesitant, but by 1880 Russian Jews were fully integrated into the Russian military.
972:
on 7 July 1807, with Russia becoming Napoleon's ally. Russia lost little territory under the treaty, and Alexander made use of his alliance with Napoleon for further expansion. Napoleon created the
6456:
5583:
5167:
5152:
5132:
4892:
603:, despite its ineffectiveness on the offensive, the majority of the army remained intact and the troops were still at the front lines. The "old army" did not begin disintegrating until early 1918.
4917:
1348:
and created the Russian army such as it continued into the 21st century. Up to Dmitry Milyutin's reforms in 1874 the Russian Army had no permanent barracks and was billeted in dugouts and shacks.
1280:
The Russian occupation forces in France, though not participating in the Belgian campaign, re-entered combat against the minor French forces in the East and occupied several important fortresses.
5708:
4967:
9011:
6078:
5783:
5658:
4697:
4495:
8996:
8991:
8895:
8890:
8745:
6033:
5923:
5883:
5763:
5377:
5057:
4902:
9150:
9061:
8986:
8922:
8875:
6177:
6142:
6013:
5888:
5848:
5843:
5823:
5573:
4756:
9359:
6073:
6018:
5988:
5943:
5818:
5758:
5698:
5663:
5503:
5437:
4872:
4786:
4722:
745:). Conscription of peasants and townspeople was based on quota system, per settlement. Initially, it was based on the number of households, later it was based on the population numbers.
9244:
9021:
9001:
8927:
8917:
6266:
6251:
6221:
6118:
6088:
5898:
5793:
5778:
5728:
5718:
5703:
5693:
5623:
5618:
5598:
5508:
5382:
5352:
5347:
5307:
5092:
5032:
4766:
4727:
4712:
4046:
3257:
2082:. Cossack non-Muslims shared the same status with Cossack Siberian Muslims. Muslim Cossacks in Siberia requested an Imam. Cossacks in Siberia included Tatar Muslims like in Bashkiria.
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9792:
9194:
9155:
9066:
6296:
6261:
6246:
6167:
6147:
6098:
6083:
6038:
6023:
5958:
5918:
5878:
5753:
5713:
5688:
5638:
5588:
5523:
5513:
5457:
5392:
5322:
5302:
5122:
5107:
5027:
4927:
4707:
4517:
2015:βthe emperor's mounted escort. The Imperial Guard regiments wore tailored government-issue uniforms of a spectacular and colourful appearance. As an example, the Konvoi wore scarlet
741:, as talented commoners were given promotions that eventually included a noble title at the attainment of an officer's rank (such promotions were later abolished during the reign of
9364:
9209:
8767:
6306:
6291:
6241:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6157:
6008:
5978:
5968:
5853:
5833:
5768:
5748:
5723:
5683:
5593:
5528:
5452:
5357:
5317:
5257:
5252:
5222:
5182:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4937:
4771:
4737:
4648:
4628:
9675:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9279:
9269:
9254:
9214:
9204:
9140:
9125:
9096:
9016:
9006:
8976:
8952:
8942:
6301:
6286:
6256:
6236:
6172:
6108:
6053:
5983:
5948:
5913:
5788:
5653:
5648:
5633:
5628:
5578:
5553:
5498:
5488:
5447:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5367:
5327:
5247:
5177:
5117:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5062:
5047:
5022:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4932:
4781:
9859:
9854:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9264:
9249:
9081:
8957:
8937:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
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6311:
6103:
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5908:
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5217:
5197:
5192:
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5127:
5037:
4957:
4922:
4847:
4732:
4702:
892:(1806β1807) involving Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and the United Kingdom against France formed within months of the collapse of the previous coalition. In August 1806, King
9274:
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8313:
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5282:
5112:
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4862:
4842:
4717:
4477:
2965:
9887:
9657:
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9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9259:
9120:
8981:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
9892:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9145:
9101:
9039:
947:
in late January 1807. In response, Napoleon mounted a counterattack designed to cut off the Russians. Bennigsen managed to avoid entrapment and the two sides fought the
224:
1224:
as much due to the news of Napoleon's defeat in 1812 as the fear by the Shah of a new campaign against him by the resurgent Russian Army where the 1810 campaign led by
9882:
9872:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9224:
9184:
4608:
1448:
1380:
206:
4525:
311:
8775:
1320:, (who held the post from 16 May 1861 to 21 May 1881) introduced military reforms. The reforms carried on during Milyutin's long tenure abolished the system of
4623:
4510:
1038:
and threatened to penetrate the Danubian principalities at any time. In order to safeguard the Russian border against a possible French attack and support the
1973:
Many Jewish families began to emigrate out of the Russian Empire in order to escape the conscription obligations. Due to this, the government began to employ
8760:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
1926:) was attached to the 1st Brigade of the Guard Cavalry Division. At Borodino in 1812 the Cossacks of the Guard included the Lifeguard Cossack regiment (five
219:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
3029:. At the end of November all officers lost their ranks, orders, and medals by a Bolshevik decree, and in December 1917 all officers were ordered to resign.
681:
of 1632β1634, six more regular regiments, one reiter regiment, and a dragoon regiment were formed. Initially, they recruited children of the landless
4503:
1508:
1434:
2109:(later the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps; often called the "Savage Division"), grouped together mainly Muslim volunteers from the Caucasus region.
628:; originally an effective force, they had become highly unreliable and undisciplined. In times of war, the armed forces were augmented by peasants.
8753:
2977:
4575:
2989:
1367:
when the dead Russians were mutilated by Chinese troops, who decapitated them and sliced crosses into their bodies. Other battles fought include
2098:
in the Russian Army in France. A nachalnik was present in every one of the 11 cantons of the Bashkir host which was created by Russia after the
908:
on 14 October 1806 and hunted down the survivors during the remainder of October and November. Having destroyed all Prussian forces west of the
1161:, but his army was wrecked nevertheless. By December only 20,000 fit soldiers from the main army were among those who recrossed the Neman at
398:
8822:
983:(SeptemberβOctober 1808) Napoleon and Alexander agreed that Russia should force Sweden to join the Continental System, which led to the
4291:
1149:
on 7 September, when the Russians stood and fought. This was bloody and the Russians eventually retreated, opening the road to Moscow.
1585:
in 1810, he instituted further reorganization and other changes in the army, down to company level, that saw the creation of separate
4018:
2881:
2068:
1622:
1513:
1368:
1107:, the French-controlled reconstituted Polish state, with suspicion. The result was the War of the Sixth Coalition from 1812 to 1814.
777:
6113:
5568:
2139:
816:
3616:
3407:
Petrovsky-Shtern, Y. (2015, 03 01). "Military Service in Russia". Retrieved from The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe:
3313:
WiesΕaw Caban, Losy ΕΌoΕnierzy powstania listopadowego wcielonych do armii carskiej, w: PrzeglΔ
d Historyczny, t. XCI, z. 2, s. 245.
697:, they were created again and became a principal force of the Russian Army. Often, regular and dragoon regiments were manned with
9933:
6581:
5157:
1938:
1468:
1205:
emerged as one of the leading and talented senior commanders of the army, participating in many important battles, including the
1095:
The Russo-French alliance gradually became strained. Napoleon was concerned about Russia's intentions in the strategically vital
3591:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
3564:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
3537:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
3510:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
3480:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
3453:
Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780β1910
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The Brazen Cross: Brazen Cross of Courage: Russian Opochenie, Partizans and Russo-German Legion during the Napoleonic Wars,
1238:
4146:"Financiers and Generals: Debates about Military Spending in the Ruling Circles of the Russian Empire (1860sβEarly 1890s)"
3969:
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3201:
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1460:
1122:
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Raised two years prior as the Odessa Hussars in the southern Ukraine as a personal project by the Grand Duke Constantine
1165:. By this time Napoleon had abandoned his army to return to Paris and prepare a defence against the advancing Russians.
9923:
9189:
6316:
1329:
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9839:
4187:
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and launched a stroke at the French strategic left wing. The main force of the blow was evaded by the French at the
5002:
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1578:
1472:
1268:
After the allies defeated Napoleon, Alexander played a prominent role in the redrawing of the map of Europe at the
1085:
964:
with a river at his back and saw his army mauled with heavy losses. Following this defeat, Alexander was forced to
893:
784:
and won many victories. Suvorov's leadership also played a key role in a Russian victory over the Poles during the
737:
Peter formed a modern regular army built on the German model, but with a new aspect: officers not necessarily from
694:
1464:
1352:
198:
186:
3495:
Bashkirs remained part of the Ural Cossack Host until 1866, when the Bashkir-Mishar Cossack Host was disbanded .
3200:" 92UM1103E Moscow Voyennaya Mysl in Russian May 1992 Special Edition (signed to press 19 May 1992 pp. 3β4, via
9928:
6028:
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1456:
1201:) that continued to serve in its ranks until newly trained recruits could reach the area of combat operations.
592:
394:
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1966:
1179:
As the French retreated, the Russians pursued them into Poland and Prussia, causing the Prussian Corps under
492:
468:
456:
1633:
Lavrov and two cavalry divisions with their own artillery and train by the conclusion of the 1814 campaign.
693:
comprised mostly foreigners. After the war with Poland, all of the regiments were disbanded. During another
5162:
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1051:
905:
804:
161:
3408:
2073:
8033:
4857:
4837:
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4013:
1426:
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901:. In any event, the Russian Army, an ally of Prussia, still remained far away when Prussia declared war.
889:
3664:
Napoleon and the Struggle for Germany: Volume 2, The Defeat of Napoleon: The Franco-Prussian War of 1813
1605:
1563:. Another unusual feature of the army that was seen twice during the period was the constitution of the
9076:
4832:
2164:
1488:
1202:
933:
480:
154:
3437:
Leeson, D. (n.d.). "Military Conscription in 19th Century Russia". Retrieved from JewishGen InfoFile:
2163:
Different material colours of the shoulder board insignia denote various regiments. In this case, the
9918:
8885:
4277:
3215:
1364:
1262:
1116:
780:
in 1783, on the conclusion of his work there. From 1787 to 1791 he again fought the Turks during the
8855:
2894:
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1842:
1805:
1522:
1313:
1296:
1191:. The campaign was noted for the number of sieges the Russian Army conducted and a large number of
868:
Both the Russians and Austrians met a decisive military defeat at the hands of Napoleon during the
580:
of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of
516:
444:
1912:
At Austerlitz in 1805 the artillery of the Guard included the Lifeguard Artillery Battalion under
757:
The history of the Russian Army in this era was principally linked to the name of Russian General
4367:
2396:
2355:
2099:
2027:
1757:
1685:
1184:
1174:
558:
496:
488:
1551:
of movement by Cossack detachments. The Ukrainian lands of the Empire also provided most of the
9897:
4658:
4306:
4180:
Cossack Hurrah: Russian Irregular Cavalry Organisation and Uniforms during the Napoleonic Wars,
2907:
1931:
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4208:
The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt (MarchβApr. 1917)
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1961:
1896:
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1535:
1530:
Administratively, the regiments were assigned to Military Inspections, the predecessors of
1480:
1402:
1341:
1193:
1092:
Duke of Finland, which had been annexed from Sweden in 1809 and awarded autonomous status.
1011:
898:
869:
829:
699:
472:
229:
1534:, and included the conscript training depots, garrisons and fortress troops and munitions
925:
8:
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4409:
4361:
1729:
1664:
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1438:
1023:
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were without result. The French emperor put his troops into winter quarters east of the
9667:
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2859:
2794:
2760:
2208:
2060:
2032:
1870:
1772:
1709:
1642:
1630:
1541:
The army had been thoroughly reorganised on the Prussian model by the emperor's father
1398:
1372:
1269:
1198:
1188:
1158:
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917:
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3568:
3541:
3514:
3484:
3457:
3277:
3261:
2079:
1531:
1206:
921:
836:
800:
796:
761:, considered to be one of the few great generals in history who never lost a battle.
758:
651:
625:
418:
406:
349:
171:
65:
3783:
In the Service of the Tsar Against Napoleon: The Memoirs of Denis Davidov, 1806β1814
2936:
1641:
At Austerlitz in 1805 the infantry of the Guard included: Guard Infantry Division β
1183:
that had been formerly a part of the Grande ArmΓ©e to ultimately change sides in the
149:
4618:
4401:
4263:
4165:
3197:
3022:
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1989:
1942:
1570:
1542:
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738:
704:
549:
524:
512:
508:
464:
434:
422:
414:
390:
357:
256:
211:
55:
1771:
At Austerlitz in 1805 the cavalry of the Guard included: Guard Cavalry Division β
1708:
At Borodino in 1812 the infantry of the Guard included: Guard Infantry Division β
1625:. The guard grew from a few regiments to two infantry divisions combined into the
860:
9802:
9422:
9169:
4253:
4031:, Ukrainian supercentenarian and last living veteran of the Russian Imperial Army
2442:
2262:
1834:
1822:
At Borodino in 1812 the cavalry of the Guard included: 1st Cuirassier Division β
1582:
1495:. The rebellious remnants of the Imperial army evolved to become part of the new
1359:
1345:
1317:
1153:
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500:
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126:
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4382:
3232:
2222:
2192:
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1783:
1590:
1066:
1061:
Alexander wrested the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden in 1809, and acquired
1007:
655:
573:
520:
476:
410:
4170:
4145:
9912:
9728:
3918:
Law, Rights and Ideology in Russia: Landmarks in the Destiny of a Great Power
3219:
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532:
528:
426:
361:
306:
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The Red Army, 1918-1941: From Vanguard of World Revolution to America's Ally
4215:
Legions of the East: A Compendium of the Russian Army in the First World War
3117:
3115:
3113:
1700:
953:
677:. In 1631, the Russians created two regular regiments in Moscow. During the
9468:
9381:
4444:
4246:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
2768:
2754:
2724:
2683:(after 1884 it was upgraded to level VIII, and became a staff officer rank)
2665:(after 1884 it was upgraded to level VIII, and became a staff officer rank)
2565:
2515:
2424:
2187:
2064:
2008:
987:
of 1808β1809 and to the division of Sweden into two parts separated by the
940:
916:. In late December, the initial clashes between the French and Russians at
678:
662:
581:
250:
31:
2692:(after 1884, it was upgraded to the VIII, and became a staff officer rank)
855:
assassination (in which he was rumoured to be implicated) became crucial.
4458:
4320:
4041:
3891:
Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace
3864:
Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace
3355:
The Soviet High Command 1918β1941: A Military-Political History 1918β1941
3253:
3142:
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2624:
2538:
2332:
1949:
1325:
1305:
1100:
1058:
984:
484:
373:
365:
3945:
Threads of Empire: Loyalty and Tsarist Authority in Bashkiria, 1552β1917
3085:
1589:
divisions, and dedication of one brigade in each division to the jaeger
4427:
3837:
Minority Accommodation through Territorial and Non-Territorial Autonomy
3409:
http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Military_Service_in_Russia
2251:
2016:
1594:
1321:
1062:
569:
402:
835:
As a major European power, Russia could not escape the wars involving
3424:
Petrovsky-Shtern., Y. (2008). "Jews in the Russian Army, 1827β1917":
3301:
2805:
2276:
2229:
2196:
2177:
1586:
1422:
1096:
1047:
1027:
880:
725:
3384:
General Lieutenant Depreradovich fell ill, was not present in battle
3038:
Notable engagements in which the Imperial Russian Army participated.
8786:
4536:
4533:
4452:
4433:
4349:
4269:
4047:
Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century
3258:
Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century
2583:
2410:
2318:
2172:
2118:
2085:
2044:
1998:
1547:
1496:
1217:
1043:
1035:
1019:
1015:
844:
769:
666:
620:
585:
4127:
The Imperial Russian Army in Peace, War, and Revolution, 1856-1917
1394:
rifle was produced in 1891 and in the same year began to be used.
1145:
maintained a scorched earth policy of retreat, broken only by the
611:
9459:
8783:
2812:
2658:
2256:
2242:
2182:
2089:
2048:
1974:
1258:
929:
670:
2003:
In the Russian Empire, the Cossacks were organized into several
1409:. There were over 400 mutinies from autumn 1905 to summer 1906.
3833:
2238:
2078:
Muslims, service Tatar Muslims, and Bashkir Muslims joined the
1922:
1552:
1162:
1054:
in 1807 and declared war on Russia. The war lasted until 1812.
913:
765:
708:
674:
181:
4264:
Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library
4112:
Bayonets before Bullets: The Russian Imperial Army, 1861β1914.
4009:
Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917
3196:"Military Reforms in Russia: Brief Historical Reference," in "
2915:
2867:
2846:
2820:
2779:
2745:
2697:
2645:
2601:
2574:
2529:
2156:
Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917
1948:
The army saw combat against the British and French during the
4314:
4023:
3281:
Eagles Over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799.
2247:
2102:. Bashkirs had the military statute of 1874 applied to them.
1556:
1141:
682:
76:
3710:
Russia, 1762β1825: Military Power, the State, and the People
1243:
1127:
851:(r. 1801β1825), who came to the throne as the result of his
618:
maintained professional hereditary musketeer corps known as
1920:
At Austerlitz in 1805 the Lifeguard Cossack regiment (five
1455:
Among the army's higher formations during the war were the
1213:
909:
3025:
as supreme commander, who had replaced Kerensky after the
2039:
The Cossack institution recruited and incorporated Muslim
4084:
3779:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3148:
3121:
3104:
606:
3617:"How Russia's steppe warriors took on Napoleon's armies"
3178:
3166:
1863:
Astrakhan Cuirassier Regiment (4 sq.) (non-Guard status)
584:
and two forces that served on separate regulations: the
3403:
3401:
3399:
3154:
1704:
Organization of the Imperial Russian Army, 28 June 1914
3413:
3132:
3130:
3047:
Notable military leaders of the Imperial Russian Army.
2019:, white beshmets and red crowns on their fleece hats.
1569:, for the first time since the coming to power of the
591:
In March 1917, the Imperial Army swore loyalty to the
8810:
3941:
3752:
2031:
Cossacks and Bashkirs attacking French troops at the
858:
The Russian Army in 1805 had many characteristics of
661:
There were different kinds of regiments, such as the
563:
3396:
2130:
See for a more detailed history, ranks, and insignia
4072:
The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
3756:
Russian Eyewitness Accounts of the Campaign of 1807
3679:
3660:
3127:
3073:
3061:
3021:was appointed by the Bolsheviks to replace General
2124:
1042:, a 40,000-strong Russian contingent advanced into
1002:broke out in 1805β06 against the background of the
956:but the Russians successfully fended it off at the
4247:Mark Conradβs Home Page β Russian Military History
4105:The Russian Way of War: Operational Art, 1904β1940
2067:hosts had Kalmyks in their ranks. Mishar Muslims,
2022:
1381:Russian Invasion of Northern and Central Manchuria
1351:The army saw service against the Turks during the
646:), was the Russian term that was used to describe
3827:
1737:2nd Brigade β Colonel Vladimir Khrapovitsky
1546:included a very large contingent of semi-regular
1509:Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914)
1435:Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914)
904:Napoleon smashed the main Prussian armies at the
9910:
3970:"International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia"
3806:
3706:
1945:to train officers for the Army's General Staff.
1103:straits. At the same time, Alexander viewed the
1072:
1034:). Simultaneously, their French allies occupied
811:
3746:
3637:Swords Around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande ArmΓ©e
3214:This article includes content derived from the
719:
3935:
3887:
3860:
3633:
3587:
3560:
3533:
3506:
3476:
3449:
3357:, St Martin's Press (Macmillan), London, 1962
1751:3rd Brigade β Colonel Baron Adam Bistrom
8761:
4511:
4285:
3686:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101β.
3667:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101β.
3439:http://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/ru-mil.txt
2971:15th Rifle His Majesty King Nikola I Regiment
2803:
1493:Imperial Russian Army collapsed and dissolved
1475:. The first ended in a Russian defeat by the
1412:
707:. Reiters were manned with small or landless
47:
7757:
7096:
6810:
6209:
5481:
3914:
3881:
3800:
3654:
3302:Maps of Napoleon's Campaign In Poland 1806β7
1110:
960:. On 14 June, Bennigsen unwisely fought the
3948:. Indiana University Press. pp. 145β.
3908:
3894:. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 504β.
3773:
3700:
3581:
3554:
3527:
3500:
3470:
3322:Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy, page 56.
1955:
1487:was dispatched to France in 1915. Amid the
1168:
1135:In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia to compel
8768:
8754:
4518:
4504:
4292:
4278:
4217:(Counterintelligence Consulting LLC, 2016)
3854:
3834:Tove H. Malloy; Francesco Palermo (2015).
3810:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History
3627:
1401:of 1904β05, notable engagements being the
1397:The army was defeated by Japan during the
1232:
1010:, encouraged by the Russian defeat in the
4818:
4169:
4150:Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
4019:Signal Corps of the Imperial Russian Army
3614:
3443:
3204:, JPRS-UMT-92-008-L, 16 June 1992, p. 11.
1907:
1369:Boxers attacks on Chinese Eastern Railway
1052:blocking the Dardanelles to Russian ships
9177:
9055:
8911:
4825:
4691:
4143:
4129:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
3683:Napoleon and the Struggle for Germany: 1
3160:
2140:Comparative officer ranks of World War I
2026:
1988:
1813:
1699:
1636:
1604:
1512:
1416:
1295:
1287:
1242:
1126:
879:
815:
790:
764:From 1777 to 1783 Suvorov served in the
9847:
9304:
4259:Russian army during the Napoleonic Wars
4074:, Osprey Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 2004
4070:Fisher, Toddm Fremont-Barnes, Gregory,
4060:, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1995
3733:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3218:, 1969β1978, which is partially in the
3000:
1860:Her Majesty Cuirassier Regiment (4 sq.)
1857:His Majesty Cuirassier Regiment (4 sq.)
1766:
1746:Lithuanian Lifeguard regiment (3 btns.)
1469:Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)
1247:The Russian Army entering Paris in 1814
1212:In 1813 Russia gained territory in the
14:
9911:
4220:
4004:Military history of the Russian Empire
3640:. Perseus Books Group. pp. 237β.
3067:
2508:(Upper officers, senior officer corps)
1993:2nd Orenburg Cossacks Regiment in 1910
991:. The eastern part became the Russian
939:Bennigsen shifted his army north into
607:Precursors: Regiments of the New Order
312:Ranks of the Imperial Russian military
300:Military history of the Russian Empire
27:Land armed force of the Russian Empire
8871:Her Majesty's Life Guards Cuirassiers
8749:
7904:
4807:
4680:
4557:
4499:
4273:
4124:
3615:Vershinin, Alexander (29 July 2014).
3271:
3184:
3172:
3136:
3079:
2752:
1471:and the Austro-Hungarian province of
932:River, but the new Russian commander
847:, the leadership of the new emperor,
654:in the 17th century according to the
634:, or regiments of the foreign order (
4568:
4299:
4119:The Russian Imperial Army, 1796β1917
3242:
1754:Finnish Lifeguard regiment (3 btns.)
1443:At the outbreak of the war, Emperor
1425:by the Imperial Russian Army on the
1344:and professional army introduced by
1239:Campaign in north-east France (1814)
884:Russian dragoons and hussars in 1807
4558:
4050:, Princeton University Press, 1951.
3202:Joint Publications Research Service
1617:Throughout the Napoleonic Wars the
1123:Russian Army order of battle (1812)
689:, volunteers, Cossacks and others.
24:
4210:(Princeton University Press, 1987)
4107:(University Press of Kansas, 2001)
4085:General Staff, War Office (1914).
3780:Denis VasilΚΉevich Davydov (1999).
3759:. Frontline Books. pp. 276β.
2945:
1884:Lifeguard Dragoon Regiment (4 sq.)
1818:Life Guards Cossack Regiment, 1855
1332:being created across the country.
1300:Russian military districts in 1913
976:out of former Prussian territory.
875:
624:. These were originally raised by
25:
9945:
8933:4th Novotritsko-Yekaterinoslavsky
4240:
3331:Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy
2148:History of Russian military ranks
2107:Caucasian Native Cavalry Division
1934:, and the Lifeguard Orel sotnia.
1901:Lifeguard Hussar Regiment (4 sq.)
1869:As part of the I Cavalry Corps β
1788:Lifeguard Hussar regiment (4 sq.)
1724:Preobrazhensky Lifeguard regiment
1659:Preobrazhensky Lifeguard regiment
1600:
1467:. The war in the East began with
1304:Following Russia's defeat in the
1131:Russian artillerymen in 1812β1814
83:"For Faith, Tsar, and Fatherland"
8794:
8777:
6195:Mobilized in July 1914 or later:
4544:
4527:
3428:. C: Cambridge University Press.
3005:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2935:
2914:
2866:
2845:
2819:
2778:
2744:
2696:
2644:
2600:
2573:
2528:
2495:
2469:
2432:
2395:
2354:
2289:
2261:
2125:Title, ranks, and insignia, 1917
2051:served as Cossacks. The Cossack
1887:Lifeguard Uhlan Regiment (4 sq.)
1086:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
912:, Napoleon pushed east to seize
894:Frederick William III of Prussia
752:
644:Polki novovo (inozemnovo) stroya
64:
4089:. London: Imperial War Museum.
3962:
3786:. Greenhill Books. p. 51.
3727:
3608:
3431:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3295:
3286:
3226:
3207:
3190:
3041:
2983:5th Kargolovsk Dragoon Regiment
2023:Ethnic and religious minorities
1502:
1328:being introduced in Russia and
187:Stavka of the Supreme Commander
9934:Military of the Russian Empire
4681:
3942:Charles R. Steinwedel (2016).
3753:Alexander Mikaberidze (2015).
3149:General Staff, War Office 1914
3122:General Staff, War Office 1914
3105:General Staff, War Office 1914
3032:
3012:
2047:. Muslim Turkics and Buddhist
2043:. Cossack rank was awarded to
1932:Black Sea Cossack Guard sotnia
1741:Izmailovsky Lifeguard regiment
1680:Izmailovsky Lifeguard regiment
782:Russo-Turkish War of 1787β1792
632:The regiments of the new order
593:Russian Provisional Government
588:troops and the Muslim troops.
565:RΓΊsskaya imperΓ‘torskaya Γ‘rmiya
554:Π ΡΜΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΜΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΜΡΠΌΠΈΡ
49:Π ΡΜΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΜΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΜΡΠΌΠΈΡ
13:
1:
4352:
4345:Army of the Tsardom of Russia
4323:
4266:Military history and graphics
3292:p. 33, Fisher, Fremont-Barnes
1730:Semenovsky Lifeguard regiment
1665:Semenovsky Lifeguard regiment
1079:Anglo-Russian War (1807β1812)
1073:Anglo-Russian War (1807β1812)
812:Imperial Russian Army in 1805
576:, active from 1721 until the
4808:
4192:Summerfield, Stephen (2007)
4178:Summerfield, Stephen (2005)
4144:Stepanov, Valery L. (2022).
4087:Handbook of the Russian Army
3994:Imperial Russian Air Service
3921:. Routledge. pp. 129β.
3867:. Penguin Publishing Group.
3813:. Routledge. pp. 129β.
3680:Michael V. Leggiere (2015).
3661:Michael V. Leggiere (2015).
3283:Emperor's Press, 1999. P. 16
3237:A Military History of Russia
1839:Horse Guard Regiment (4 sq.)
1802:Horse Guard regiment (4 sq.)
805:Italian and Swiss expedition
720:Introduction of conscription
7:
4373:Toy army of Peter the Great
4014:Separate Corps of Gendarmes
3987:
3736:"Islam in the Russian Army"
2804:
1984:
1941:was established in 1832 in
1485:Russian Expeditionary Force
1181:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg
936:refused to remain passive.
890:War of the Fourth Coalition
564:
286:325.6 million rubles (1902)
10:
9950:
7905:
4035:
3713:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 27β.
2165:1st Neva Infantry Regiment
2153:
2145:
2137:
1996:
1597:in open order formations.
1559:regiments for the regular
1506:
1489:Russian Revolution of 1917
1432:
1413:World War I and revolution
1283:
1236:
1229:the distance from Europe.
1203:Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov
1172:
1120:
1114:
1076:
934:Levin August von Bennigsen
723:
266:1,000,000β1,300,000 (1913)
220:Chief of the General Staff
155:Imperial Main Headquarters
29:
9924:Armies of Napoleonic Wars
9838:
9801:
9783:
9755:
9727:
9684:
9666:
9633:
9565:
9467:
9458:
9421:
9380:
9373:
9297:
9237:
9168:
9113:
9048:
8969:
8904:
8803:
8614:
8563:
8472:
8026:
7915:
7911:
7900:
7822:
7750:
7681:
7616:
7551:
7486:
7421:
7356:
7291:
7226:
7161:
7089:
7055:
7005:
6940:
6875:
6803:
6734:
6669:
6604:
6539:
6474:
6409:
6344:
6279:
6202:
6135:
6066:
6001:
5936:
5871:
5806:
5741:
5676:
5611:
5546:
5474:
5405:
5340:
5275:
5210:
5145:
5080:
5015:
4950:
4885:
4814:
4803:
4749:
4687:
4676:
4564:
4553:
4468:
4443:
4418:
4400:
4381:
4335:
4305:
4171:10.1134/S101933162214009X
4058:The Campaigns of Napoleon
3807:Andreas Kappeler (2014).
3707:Janet M. Hartley (2008).
3621:Russia & India Report
3216:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2922:
2900:
2853:
2832:
2827:
2802:
2777:
2766:
2718:
2704:
2652:
2608:
2581:
2536:
2513:
2503:
2477:
2440:
2417:
2403:
2391:(Senior Cossack Corporal)
2350:(Junior Cossack Corporal)
2297:
2269:
2202:
1629:commanded at Borodino by
1292:39th Tomsk Regiment, 1916
1117:French invasion of Russia
1111:French invasion of Russia
1014:, deposed the Russophile
843:, but as an adversary to
553:
327:
324:
305:
295:
290:
280:
275:
262:
249:
241:
236:
225:Pavel Gavrilovich Gagarin
218:
197:
177:
167:
160:
148:
125:
105:
87:
81:ΠΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΡ, Π¦Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
75:
63:
48:
46:
41:
30:For the modern term, see
4225:. Taylor & Francis.
4221:Ziemke, Earl F. (2004).
4125:Reese, Roger R. (2019).
3734:Nasirov, Ilshat (2005).
3594:. Brill. pp. 170β.
3567:. Brill. pp. 122β.
2895:General of the artillery
1956:Jews in the Russian Army
1843:Chevalier Guard Regiment
1806:Chevalier Guard Regiment
1758:Lifeguard JΓ€ger regiment
1523:Chevalier Guard Regiment
1322:conscription of children
1169:1813 Campaign in Germany
1088:as the Minister of War.
1050:. The Sultan reacted by
906:Battle of JenaβAuerstedt
650:that were formed in the
595:after the abdication of
445:Mikhail Barclay de Tolly
431:Weismann von WeiΓenstein
4368:Army of Peter the Great
3888:Dominic Lieven (2010).
3861:Dominic Lieven (2010).
3634:John R. Elting (1997).
3588:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3561:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3540:. Brill. pp. 87β.
3534:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3513:. Brill. pp. 86β.
3507:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3483:. Brill. pp. 79β.
3477:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3456:. Brill. pp. 61β.
3450:Allen J. Frank (2001).
3054:
2882:General of the infantry
2112:From 1915 to 1917, the
1692:Life Grenadier regiment
1483:(1914). In the west, a
1233:1814 Campaign in France
1185:Convention of Tauroggen
1175:German campaign of 1813
497:Konstantin von Kaufmann
270:(total served; 1914β17)
112:; 106 years ago
93:; 302 years ago
4307:Principality of Moscow
3426:Drafted into Modernity
2908:General of the cavalry
2105:From 1914 to 1917 the
2036:
1994:
1908:Artillery of the Guard
1819:
1705:
1619:Imperial Russian Guard
1614:
1611:Finland Guard Regiment
1526:
1521:in the uniform of the
1447:appointed his cousin,
1430:
1365:Battle of Pai-t'ou-tzu
1324:, and resulted in the
1301:
1293:
1248:
1132:
1040:First Serbian uprising
1032:Constantine Ypsilantis
993:Grand Duchy of Finland
885:
832:
826:Russian Imperial Guard
808:
731:Conscription in Russia
640:ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
441:(Golenishchev-Kutuzov)
407:Khristofor von MΓΌnnich
9929:Imperial Russian Army
8791:Russian Imperial Army
4541:Russian Imperial Army
4391:Imperial Russian Army
4103:Harrison, Richard W.
3999:Imperial Russian Navy
3915:Bill Bowring (2013).
2929:General field marshal
2889:General ot artillerii
2876:General ot infanterii
2382:Starshy unter-ofitser
2364:Starshy unter-ofitser
2341:Mladshy unter-ofitser
2313:Mladshy unter-ofitser
2080:Orenburg Cossack Host
2030:
1992:
1939:General Staff Academy
1817:
1798:Nikolay Depreradovich
1703:
1654:Leontii Depreradovich
1637:Infantry of the Guard
1623:Grand Duke Konstantin
1609:Church parade of the
1608:
1519:Nicholas II of Russia
1516:
1420:
1377:Battles on Amur River
1299:
1291:
1246:
1130:
1018:of its vassal states
883:
849:Alexander I of Russia
822:French Imperial Eagle
819:
794:
724:Further information:
546:Russian Imperial Army
542:Imperial Russian Army
42:Russian Imperial Army
18:Imperial Russian army
9151:16th Novoarkhangelsk
9062:1st Saint Petersburg
9012:17th Nizhny Novgorod
8861:Consolidated Cossack
4252:25 July 2017 at the
4114:(Indiana U.P. 1992).
3001:Notes and references
2959:Orenburg Cadet Corps
2596:(Cossack Lieutenant)
2480:Zauryad-praporshchik
2100:Pugachev's Rebellion
1962:Nicholas I of Russia
1960:On August 26, 1827,
1767:Cavalry of the Guard
1566:Narodnoe Opolcheniye
1481:Battle of Tannenberg
1403:Siege of Port Arthur
1342:military recruitment
1308:during the reign of
1194:Narodnoe Opolcheniye
1012:Battle of Austerlitz
899:Battle of Austerlitz
870:Battle of Austerlitz
837:Revolutionary France
830:Battle of Austerlitz
658:military standards.
473:Mikhail Miloradovich
230:Vladimir Marushevsky
8997:14th Little Russian
8992:13th Military Order
4410:Russian Army (1917)
4362:New Order Regiments
4162:2022HRuAS..92S.713S
3187:, pp. 285β286.
3175:, pp. 365β370.
2924:General-feldmarshal
2902:General ot kavalrii
2788:Voyskovay starshina
2736:Voyskovay starshina
2731:(abolished in 1884)
2543:(Junior Lieutenant)
2377:(Senor Feuerwerker)
2373:Starshy feyerverker
2326:Mladshy feyerverker
2168:
1449:Grand Duke Nicholas
1439:Russian Army (1917)
1024:Alexander Mourouzis
962:Battle of Friedland
958:Battle of Heilsberg
945:Battle of Mohrungen
841:First French Empire
786:KoΕciuszko Uprising
778:general of infantry
743:Catherine the Great
691:Commanding officers
601:February Revolution
597:Emperor Nicholas II
395:Alexander Menshikov
328:Notable commanders
321:
207:Grand Duke Nicholas
9190:2nd Pavlograd Life
8987:12th Starodubovsky
4698:1st Yekatorinoslav
4486:1992–present
4470:Russian Federation
4206:Wildman, Allan K.
4110:Menning, Bruce W.
4054:Chandler, David G.
4029:Mikhail Krichevsky
3375:Summerfield (2007)
3366:Summerfield (2005)
3342:A People's Tragedy
3027:October Revolution
2860:Lieutenant general
2795:Lieutenant colonel
2761:Lieutenant colonel
2209:Enlisted personnel
2162:
2037:
1995:
1871:General Lieutenant
1820:
1775:Andrei Kologrivov
1773:General Lieutenant
1720:Baron Roman Rosen
1710:General Lieutenant
1706:
1643:General Lieutenant
1631:General Lieutenant
1615:
1532:military districts
1527:
1461:Northwestern Front
1431:
1399:Russo-Japanese War
1373:Defence of Yingkou
1330:military districts
1302:
1294:
1270:Congress of Vienna
1263:Quadruple Alliance
1249:
1189:Peter Wittgenstein
1159:Battle of Berezina
1147:Battle of Borodino
1133:
981:Congress of Erfurt
886:
833:
809:
774:lieutenant-general
636:ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
578:Russian Revolution
505:Mikhail Dragomirov
461:Pyotr Kotlyarevsky
453:Peter Wittgenstein
378:Russian Revolution
370:Russo-Japanese War
346:Russo-Persian Wars
342:Russo-Swedish Wars
338:Russo-Turkish Wars
334:Great Northern War
319:
257:compulsory service
199:Supreme Commander
168:Commander-in-chief
9906:
9905:
9868:
9867:
9834:
9833:
9454:
9453:
9355:
9354:
9293:
9292:
9245:10th Ingermanland
9233:
9232:
9164:
9163:
9156:17th Novomirgorod
9109:
9108:
9067:2nd Courland Life
9035:
9034:
8965:
8964:
8923:2nd Pskovsky Life
8846:
8845:
8743:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8735:
8734:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7818:
7817:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7677:
7676:
7612:
7611:
7547:
7546:
7482:
7481:
7417:
7416:
7352:
7351:
7287:
7286:
7222:
7221:
7157:
7156:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7051:
7050:
7001:
7000:
6936:
6935:
6871:
6870:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6730:
6729:
6665:
6664:
6600:
6599:
6535:
6534:
6470:
6469:
6405:
6404:
6340:
6339:
6275:
6274:
6191:
6190:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6062:
6061:
5997:
5996:
5932:
5931:
5867:
5866:
5802:
5801:
5737:
5736:
5672:
5671:
5607:
5606:
5542:
5541:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5401:
5400:
5336:
5335:
5271:
5270:
5206:
5205:
5141:
5140:
5076:
5075:
5011:
5010:
4946:
4945:
4881:
4880:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4762:11th Fanagoriysky
4745:
4744:
4672:
4671:
4599:
4598:
4493:
4492:
4420:Russian Civil War
4337:Tsardom of Russia
4232:978-1-135-76918-5
4202:978-1-85818-555-2
4136:978-0-7006-2860-5
3955:978-0-253-01933-2
3928:978-1-134-62580-2
3901:978-1-101-42938-9
3874:978-1-101-42938-9
3847:978-0-19-106359-6
3820:978-1-317-56810-0
3793:978-1-85367-373-3
3766:978-1-4738-5016-3
3720:978-0-275-97871-6
3693:978-1-107-08054-6
3674:978-1-316-39309-3
3647:978-0-306-80757-2
3151:, pp. 20β23.
3124:, pp. 18β19.
2995:Orlov Cadet Corps
2943:
2942:
2932:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2863:
2855:General-leytenant
2842:
2828:General officers
2816:
2798:
2775:
2764:
2741:
2732:
2728:
2714:
2693:
2684:
2680:
2666:
2662:
2641:
2629:
2614:
2597:
2589:
2570:
2556:
2544:
2522:
2509:
2489:
2466:
2453:
2429:
2415:
2392:
2378:
2369:
2368:(Senior Corporal)
2351:
2337:
2322:
2307:
2281:
2226:
2212:
1967:Jewish population
1854:Nikolai Borozdin
1826:Nikolai Borozdin
1621:was commanded by
1353:Russo-Turkish War
1207:Battle of Leipzig
1000:Russo-Turkish War
968:with Napoleon at
801:St. Gotthard Pass
759:Alexander Suvorov
652:Tsardom of Russia
626:Ivan the Terrible
599:. Even after the
562:
538:
537:
493:Mikhail Gorchakov
457:Mikhail Vorontsov
419:Alexander Suvorov
350:Russo-Polish Wars
320:Military summary
317:
316:
242:Military age
172:Emperor of Russia
16:(Redirected from
9941:
9919:Disbanded armies
9845:
9844:
9465:
9464:
9378:
9377:
9302:
9301:
9235:
9234:
9195:3rd Elisavetgrad
9175:
9174:
9111:
9110:
9053:
9052:
9049:Uhlans (Lancers)
9022:19th Arkhangelsk
9002:15th Pereyaslavl
8967:
8966:
8928:3rd Novorossiysk
8909:
8908:
8891:Horse Grenadiers
8856:Chevalier Guards
8808:
8807:
8798:
8782:
8781:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8747:
8746:
7913:
7912:
7902:
7901:
7820:
7819:
7755:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7679:
7678:
7614:
7613:
7549:
7548:
7484:
7483:
7419:
7418:
7354:
7353:
7289:
7288:
7224:
7223:
7159:
7158:
7094:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7053:
7052:
7003:
7002:
6938:
6937:
6873:
6872:
6808:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6732:
6731:
6667:
6666:
6602:
6601:
6537:
6536:
6472:
6471:
6407:
6406:
6342:
6341:
6277:
6276:
6207:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6133:
6132:
6064:
6063:
5999:
5998:
5934:
5933:
5869:
5868:
5804:
5803:
5739:
5738:
5674:
5673:
5609:
5608:
5544:
5543:
5479:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5403:
5402:
5338:
5337:
5273:
5272:
5208:
5207:
5143:
5142:
5078:
5077:
5013:
5012:
4948:
4947:
4883:
4882:
4823:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4757:10th Malorussian
4747:
4746:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4649:Saint Petersburg
4566:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4548:
4532:
4531:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4478:CIS Armed Forces
4402:Russian Republic
4357:
4354:
4328:
4325:
4300:Armies of Russia
4294:
4287:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4236:
4213:Deyo, Daniel C.
4175:
4173:
4156:(8): S713βS728.
4140:
4117:Reese, Roger R.
4100:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3678:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3422:
3411:
3405:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3251:
3240:
3230:
3224:
3211:
3205:
3198:Military Thought
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3125:
3119:
3108:
3107:, pp. 7β12.
3102:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3019:Nikolai Krylenko
3016:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2939:
2926:
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2870:
2857:
2849:
2836:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2790:
2782:
2773:
2758:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2722:
2708:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2635:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2587:
2577:
2562:
2550:
2542:
2532:
2520:
2507:
2499:
2483:
2473:
2461:(Junior Cossack
2460:
2447:
2436:
2421:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2387:Starshy uryadnik
2376:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2346:Mladshy uryadnik
2329:
2316:
2302:(Under Officers/
2301:
2293:
2273:
2265:
2220:
2206:
2169:
2161:
2114:Latvian Riflemen
2077:
2035:in November 1812
1943:Saint Petersburg
1686:Life Guard JΓ€ger
1627:V Infantry Corps
1579:Barclay de Tolly
1407:Battle of Mukden
1199:irregular troops
705:military service
700:datochniye lyudi
695:Russo-Polish War
656:Western European
568:) was the armed
567:
557:
555:
525:Nikolai Yudenich
513:Aleksei Brusilov
509:Mikhail Skobelev
489:Nikolay Muravyov
481:Aleksey Yermolov
469:Leonty Bennigsen
465:Nikolay Kamensky
435:Andrei Rosenberg
423:Grigory Potemkin
415:Pyotr Rumyantsev
399:Mikhail Golitsyn
391:Boris Sheremetev
358:Great French War
354:Seven Years' War
322:
318:
291:Related articles
271:
263:Active personnel
212:Nikolay Dukhonin
202:
191:
127:Service branches
121:
120:
118:
117:22 November 1917
113:
110:22 November 1917
101:
99:
94:
68:
59:
51:
50:
39:
38:
21:
9949:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9938:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9864:
9830:
9797:
9779:
9751:
9723:
9680:
9662:
9629:
9561:
9450:
9417:
9369:
9351:
9298:Reserve Cavalry
9289:
9229:
9210:6th Klyastitsky
9160:
9141:14th Yamburgsky
9126:11th Chuguevsky
9105:
9097:8th Voznesensky
9044:
9031:
8961:
8918:1st Moscow Life
8900:
8842:
8833:Imperial Escort
8799:
8776:
8774:
8744:
8731:
8610:
8559:
8468:
8022:
7907:
7884:
7814:
7738:
7673:
7608:
7543:
7478:
7413:
7348:
7283:
7218:
7153:
7077:
7047:
6997:
6932:
6867:
6791:
6726:
6661:
6596:
6531:
6466:
6401:
6336:
6271:
6198:
6187:
6123:
6058:
5993:
5928:
5863:
5798:
5733:
5668:
5603:
5538:
5462:
5397:
5332:
5267:
5202:
5137:
5072:
5007:
4942:
4877:
4810:
4791:
4787:16th Mingrelian
4741:
4723:6th Tavrichesky
4683:
4668:
4595:
4560:
4559:Guards Infantry
4549:
4526:
4524:
4494:
4489:
4464:
4439:
4414:
4396:
4393:1721–1917
4377:
4355:
4331:
4326:
4317:1380–1698
4301:
4298:
4254:Wayback Machine
4243:
4233:
4196:Partizan Press
4182:Partizan Press
4137:
4097:
4038:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3675:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3406:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3340:Orlando Figes,
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3276:
3272:
3252:
3243:
3239:, 2006, p. 47,
3231:
3227:
3212:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3163:, p. S728.
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3111:
3103:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2984:
2981:
2972:
2969:
2960:
2957:
2948:
2946:Other regiments
2904:
2891:
2878:
2792:
2772:
2738:
2729:
2690:
2681:
2663:
2618:Shtabs-rotmistr
2613:(Staff Captain)
2519:
2459:
2446:
2443:Podpraporshchik
2389:
2375:
2366:
2348:
2328:
2315:
2246:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2127:
2071:
2025:
2001:
1987:
1958:
1910:
1881:Anton Chalikov
1769:
1712:Nikolai Lavrov
1676:Vasily Lobanov
1639:
1603:
1583:Minister of War
1571:Romanov dynasty
1511:
1505:
1441:
1415:
1360:Boxer Rebellion
1346:Peter the Great
1318:Dmitry Milyutin
1314:Minister of War
1286:
1261:had formed the
1241:
1235:
1177:
1171:
1154:Mikhail Kutuzov
1125:
1119:
1113:
1105:Duchy of Warsaw
1081:
1075:
1004:Napoleonic Wars
989:Gulf of Bothnia
974:Duchy of Warsaw
949:Battle of Eylau
878:
876:Napoleonic Wars
814:
755:
728:
722:
616:Peter the Great
609:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
501:Dmitry Milyutin
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
449:Pyotr Bagration
447:
443:
440:
439:Mikhail Kutuzov
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
383:Peter the Great
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
269:
267:
228:
210:
200:
189:
116:
114:
111:
109:
98:2 November 1721
97:
95:
92:
91:2 November 1721
82:
71:
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9947:
9937:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9862:
9857:
9851:
9849:
9842:
9840:Native Cavalry
9836:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9807:
9805:
9799:
9798:
9796:
9795:
9789:
9787:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9733:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9690:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9678:
9672:
9670:
9664:
9663:
9661:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9639:
9637:
9631:
9630:
9628:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9571:
9569:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9473:
9471:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9427:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9384:
9375:
9374:Coastal Patrol
9371:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9308:
9306:
9299:
9295:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9287:
9282:
9280:17th Chernigov
9277:
9272:
9270:15th Ukrainian
9267:
9262:
9257:
9255:12th Akhtyrsky
9252:
9247:
9241:
9239:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9215:7th Belarusian
9212:
9207:
9205:5th Alexandria
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9117:
9115:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9082:5th Lithuanian
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9057:
9050:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8973:
8971:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8943:6th Glukhovsky
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8913:
8906:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8876:Grodno Hussars
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8814:
8812:
8805:
8804:Guards Cavalry
8801:
8800:
8773:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8750:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8618:
8616:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8567:
8565:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8476:
8474:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7919:
7917:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7826:
7824:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7752:
7744:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7685:
7683:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7620:
7618:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7555:
7553:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7490:
7488:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7360:
7358:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7295:
7293:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7230:
7228:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7163:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7100:
7098:
7091:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7059:
7057:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6944:
6942:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6814:
6812:
6805:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6738:
6736:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6348:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6204:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6070:
6068:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5476:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
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4800:
4797:
4796:
4793:
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4790:
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4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4767:12th Astrakhan
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4728:7th Samogitsky
4725:
4720:
4715:
4713:4th Nesvizhsky
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4644:Preobrazhensky
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4596:
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4415:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4398:
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4395:
4394:
4387:
4385:
4383:Russian Empire
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
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4309:
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4297:
4296:
4289:
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4274:
4268:
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4241:External links
4239:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4190:
4176:
4141:
4135:
4122:
4121:(Ashgate 2006)
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3840:. OUP Oxford.
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3742:. Makhachkala.
3740:Islam Magazine
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3268:, pp. 465, 466
3241:
3233:David R. Stone
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3141:
3139:, p. 316.
3126:
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2706:Shtab-Ofitsery
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2610:Shtabs-kapitan
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2521:(wartime only)
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2154:Main article:
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2146:Main article:
2143:
2138:Main article:
2134:
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2126:
2123:
2024:
2021:
1997:Main article:
1986:
1983:
1957:
1954:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:2nd Brigade β
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1877:1st Brigade β
1873:Fyodor Uvarov
1867:
1866:
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1864:
1861:
1858:
1850:2nd Brigade β
1848:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1830:1st Brigade β
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1793:2nd Brigade β
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:Ivan Yankovich
1779:1st Brigade β
1768:
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1716:1st Brigade β
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1672:2nd Brigade β
1670:
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1649:1st Brigade β
1645:Pyotr Malutin
1638:
1635:
1602:
1601:Imperial Guard
1599:
1591:light infantry
1507:Main article:
1504:
1501:
1465:Romanian Front
1414:
1411:
1285:
1282:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1121:Main article:
1115:Main article:
1112:
1109:
1077:Main article:
1074:
1071:
1008:Ottoman Empire
877:
874:
813:
810:
754:
751:
721:
718:
648:military units
608:
605:
582:regular troops
574:Russian Empire
536:
535:
521:Alexey Kaledin
517:Nikolai Ivanov
485:Ivan Diebitsch
477:Ivan Paskevich
411:Pyotr Saltykov
380:
330:
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315:
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309:
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297:
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175:
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165:
164:
158:
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152:
146:
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140:
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136:Cossack troops
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133:Regular troops
129:
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107:
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89:
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9300:
9296:
9286:
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9268:
9266:
9265:14th Mitavsky
9263:
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9258:
9256:
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9250:11th Izyumsky
9248:
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9218:
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9213:
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9171:
9167:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9136:13th Vladimir
9134:
9132:
9131:12th Belgorod
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9112:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9087:6th Volhynian
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9054:
9051:
9047:
9041:
9038:
9037:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9017:18th Seversky
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9007:16th Tverskoy
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8977:10th Novgorod
8975:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8953:8th Astrakhan
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
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8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
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8839:
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8826:
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8821:
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8816:
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8813:
8811:His Majesty's
8809:
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7823:510th β 520th
7821:
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7758:500th β 509th
7756:
7753:
7751:500th β 520th
7749:
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7732:
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7707:
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7684:
7682:490th β 499th
7680:
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7617:480th β 489th
7615:
7605:
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7597:
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7554:
7552:470th β 479th
7550:
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5473:
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5364:
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5339:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
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5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
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5281:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5261:
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5249:
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5236:
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5224:
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5018:
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4991:
4989:
4986:
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4979:
4976:
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4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
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4955:
4953:
4949:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4802:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4777:14th Georgian
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4708:3rd Pernovsky
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
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4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4485:
4484:Ground Forces
4482:
4480:1991–93
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:1946–92
4460:
4457:
4455:1922–46
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:1918–22
4435:
4432:
4430:1918–23
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:1648–98
4363:
4360:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
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4228:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4188:1-85818-513-0
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4096:0-89839-250-0
4092:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4080:1-84176-831-6
4077:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4066:0-02-523660-1
4063:
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3997:
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3992:
3991:
3971:
3965:
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3938:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3838:
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3822:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3601:90-04-11975-2
3597:
3593:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3574:90-04-11975-2
3570:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3547:90-04-11975-2
3543:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3520:90-04-11975-2
3516:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3490:90-04-11975-2
3486:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3463:90-04-11975-2
3459:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3266:0-691-00764-0
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3220:public domain
3217:
3210:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3161:Stepanov 2022
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3070:, p. 22.
3069:
3064:
3060:
3044:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3006:List of notes
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2955:
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2949:
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2883:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:Major general
2835:
2834:General-major
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2711:Staff officer
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2660:
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2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2505:Ober-ofitsery
2502:
2498:
2494:
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2487:
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2413:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:Denis Davidov
2091:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:Mishar Tatars
2034:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1914:General Major
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:Orlov-Denisov
1895:
1894:General Major
1891:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:General Major
1876:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:General Major
1849:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:General Major
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:General Major
1816:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:General Major
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:General Major
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:General Major
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:General Major
1671:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:General Major
1648:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:light cavalry
1558:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:German Empire
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:Western Front
1453:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1427:Eastern Front
1424:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1290:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Holy Alliance
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1227:
1226:Matvei Platov
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1151:Field Marshal
1148:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
966:sue for peace
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
895:
891:
882:
873:
871:
866:
863:
862:
861:Ancien RΓ©gime
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
827:
823:
820:Capture of a
818:
806:
802:
799:crossing the
798:
793:
789:
787:
783:
779:
776:in 1780, and
775:
772:, becoming a
771:
767:
762:
760:
753:1760s β 1790s
750:
746:
744:
740:
735:
732:
727:
717:
713:
710:
706:
703:for lifelong
702:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
627:
623:
622:
617:
613:
612:Russian tsars
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
560:
551:
547:
543:
534:
533:Pyotr Wrangel
530:
529:Anton Denikin
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
436:
432:
428:
427:Ivan Gudovich
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:Caucasian War
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
331:
323:
313:
310:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
289:
285:
283:
279:
274:
265:
261:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
226:
223:
221:
217:
213:
208:
205:
203:
201:(World War I)
196:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:General Staff
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
142:State militia
141:
139:Muslim troops
138:
135:
132:
131:
130:
128:
124:
108:
104:
90:
86:
80:
78:
74:
67:
62:
57:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9275:16th Irkutsk
9220:8th Lubensky
9200:4th Mariupol
9092:7th Olviopol
9072:3rd Smolensk
9027:20th Finnish
8958:9th Kazansky
8938:5th Karogpol
6194:
6193:
4772:13th Yerevan
4738:9th Siberian
4445:Soviet Union
4390:
4222:
4214:
4207:
4193:
4179:
4153:
4149:
4126:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4086:
4071:
4057:
4045:
3973:. Retrieved
3964:
3944:
3937:
3917:
3910:
3890:
3883:
3863:
3856:
3836:
3829:
3809:
3802:
3782:
3775:
3755:
3748:
3739:
3729:
3709:
3702:
3682:
3663:
3656:
3636:
3629:
3620:
3610:
3590:
3583:
3563:
3556:
3536:
3529:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3479:
3472:
3452:
3445:
3433:
3425:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3297:
3288:
3280:
3273:
3236:
3228:
3213:
3209:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3075:
3063:
3043:
3034:
3014:
2923:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2854:
2833:
2787:
2774:(until 1884)
2769:Podpolkovnik
2767:
2755:Podpolkovnik
2753:
2740:(until 1884)
2735:
2719:
2705:
2687:
2674:
2669:
2653:
2637:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2592:
2588:(Lieutenant)
2582:
2564:
2559:
2547:
2537:
2516:Praporshchik
2514:
2504:
2486:Praporshchik
2485:
2478:
2463:Praporshchik
2462:
2457:Podkhorunzhy
2456:
2450:Praporshchik
2449:
2441:
2425:Wachtmeister
2423:
2418:
2409:
2404:
2386:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2345:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2312:
2298:
2284:
2275:
2270:
2234:
2217:
2203:
2188:Cossack host
2111:
2104:
2084:
2038:
2012:
2004:
2002:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1952:of 1853β56.
1947:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1868:
1835:Ivan Shevich
1821:
1770:
1707:
1691:
1640:
1626:
1616:
1575:
1564:
1540:
1528:
1503:Organization
1454:
1442:
1396:
1392:MosinβNagant
1389:
1385:
1357:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1310:Alexander II
1303:
1279:
1267:
1250:
1216:area of the
1211:
1192:
1178:
1134:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1056:
997:
978:
941:East Prussia
938:
903:
887:
867:
859:
857:
834:
763:
756:
747:
736:
729:
714:
698:
686:
679:Smolensk War
660:
643:
639:
635:
630:
619:
610:
590:
545:
541:
539:
268:15,000,000+
251:Conscription
150:Headquarters
36:
32:Russian Army
9803:Transbaikal
9285:18th Nizhny
9238:10th β 18th
9121:10th Odessa
9114:10th β 17th
9077:4th Kharkov
8970:10th β 20th
8948:7th Kinburn
8818:Cuirassiers
5406:90th β 99th
5341:80th β 89th
5276:70th β 79th
5211:60th β 69th
5146:50th β 59th
5081:40th β 49th
5016:30th β 39th
4951:20th β 29th
4886:10th β 19th
4782:15th Tiflis
4750:10th β 19th
4654:Semyonovsky
4624:Keksgolmsky
4614:Izmaylovsky
4459:Soviet Army
4358:–1721
4356: 1550
4327: 1700
4321:Landed Army
4042:Jerome Blum
3254:Jerome Blum
3068:Ziemke 2004
2791:(from 1885)
2676:Rittmeister
2625:rittmeister
2539:Podporuchik
2333:Feuerwerker
2093:regiments.
2072: [
2065:Don Cossack
2017:cherkesskas
1950:Crimean War
1595:skirmishing
1581:became the
1445:Nicholas II
1421:Defence of
1358:During the
1326:levy system
1306:Crimean War
1137:Alexander I
1101:Dardanelles
1059:Finnish War
985:Finnish War
803:during the
768:and in the
387:Alexander I
374:World War I
366:Crimean War
276:Expenditure
255:3β4 years;
9913:Categories
9878:Circassian
9785:Semirechye
9260:13th Narva
9146:15th Tatar
9102:9th Bugsky
4819:1st β 99th
4733:8th Moscow
4703:2nd Rostov
4682:Grenadiers
4629:Lithuanian
4428:White Army
3185:Reese 2019
3173:Reese 2019
3137:Reese 2019
3080:Reese 2019
2252:Cuirassier
1433:See also:
1379:, and the
1254:take Paris
1222:Qajar Iran
1063:Bessarabia
954:KΓΆnigsberg
570:land force
403:Peter Lacy
162:Leadership
9888:Kabardian
9668:Astrakhan
9423:Black Sea
9360:Caucasian
9178:1st β 9th
9056:1st β 9th
8982:11th Riga
8912:1st β 9th
8787:regiments
8615:Turkestan
4826:1st β 9th
4692:1st β 9th
4639:Pavlovsky
4609:Grenadier
4537:regiments
3975:30 August
2806:Polkovnik
2633:Podyesaul
2560:Khorunzhy
2419:Vakhmistr
2405:Feldfebel
2277:Gefreiter
2230:Cannoneer
2197:epaulette
2178:Artillery
2061:Astrakhan
1760:(3 btns.)
1743:(3 btns.)
1732:(3 btns.)
1726:(3 btns.)
1694:(3 btns.)
1682:(2 btns.)
1667:(2 btns.)
1661:(2 btns.)
1587:grenadier
1536:magazines
1423:Przasnysz
1097:Bosphorus
1069:in 1812.
1048:Wallachia
1028:Wallachia
1016:hospodars
872:in 1805.
726:Cantonist
559:romanized
237:Personnel
190:(1914β17)
106:Disbanded
9893:Ossetian
9848:Dagestan
9757:Siberian
9686:Orenburg
9305:Numbered
9225:9th Kiev
9185:1st Sumy
9040:Maritime
8905:Dragoons
8866:Dragoons
8828:Cossacks
8564:Caucasus
8027:Siberian
7916:Numbered
4809:Infantry
4718:5th Kiev
4664:Combined
4604:Volinsky
4534:Infantry
4453:Red Army
4434:Red Army
4350:Streltsy
4250:Archived
3988:See also
3344:, p. 57.
3278:Duffy C.
3256:(1971) "
3023:Dukhonin
2670:Rotmistr
2636:(Junior
2584:Poruchik
2484:(Deputy
2448:(Junior
2411:Sergeant
2330:(Junior
2319:Corporal
2317:(Junior
2285:Prikasny
2271:Yefeytor
2235:Ryadovoy
2218:Ryadovoy
2204:Ryadovye
2173:Infantry
2121:armies.
2086:Bashkirs
2045:Bashkirs
2033:Berezina
1999:Cossacks
1985:Cossacks
1688:(1 btn.)
1548:Cossacks
1517:Emperor
1497:Red Army
1463:and the
1405:and the
1316:, Count
1218:Caucasus
1044:Moldavia
1036:Dalmatia
1020:Moldavia
918:Czarnowo
853:father's
845:Napoleon
839:and the
807:in 1799.
795:General
770:Caucasus
739:nobility
687:streltsy
671:dragoons
667:infantry
663:regulars
621:streltsy
9883:Crimean
9873:Chechen
9460:Cossack
9170:Hussars
8896:Reserve
8881:Hussars
8823:Hussars
8793:(1914)
8789:of the
8784:Cavalry
8473:Finnish
4659:Finnish
4543:(1914)
4539:of the
4158:Bibcode
4036:Sources
2813:Colonel
2659:Captain
2654:Kapitan
2566:ChorΔ
ΕΌy
2257:Cossack
2243:Dragoon
2223:Private
2183:Cavalry
2090:Kalmyks
2069:Teptiar
2049:Kalmyks
2005:voiskos
1976:khapper
1930:), the
1928:sotnias
1923:sotnias
1845:(4 sq.)
1808:(4 sq.)
1479:in the
1473:Galicia
1284:Reforms
1259:Prussia
1057:In the
979:At the
930:Vistula
926:PuΕtusk
922:Golymin
828:at the
824:by the
797:Suvorov
675:reiters
614:before
586:Cossack
572:of the
561::
550:Russian
296:History
227:(first)
209:(first)
115: (
96: (
88:Founded
56:Russian
9382:Baltic
9365:Zaamur
8851:Ataman
8838:Uhlans
7906:Rifles
4634:Moscow
4619:Jaeger
4229:
4200:
4186:
4133:
4093:
4078:
4064:
3952:
3925:
3898:
3871:
3844:
3817:
3790:
3763:
3717:
3690:
3671:
3644:
3598:
3571:
3544:
3517:
3487:
3460:
3264:
2713:ranks)
2638:Yesaul
2593:Sotnik
2553:Cornet
2548:Kornet
2239:Hussar
2063:, and
2013:konvoi
1613:, 1905
1553:Hussar
1543:Paul I
1525:, 1896
1459:, the
1429:, 1915
1312:, the
1163:Kaunas
1067:Turkey
1026:) and
1006:. The
970:Tilsit
924:, and
914:Warsaw
766:Crimea
709:gentry
683:boyars
673:, and
282:Budget
232:(last)
214:(last)
52:
9898:Tatar
9635:Terek
9567:Kuban
8886:Horse
4569:Rifle
4315:Rynda
4024:Svita
2725:Major
2720:Mayor
2688:Ysaul
2623:Stabs
2248:Uhlan
2221:(en:
2076:]
2057:Terek
2009:hosts
1220:from
1142:Neman
1065:from
325:Wars
307:Ranks
245:21β43
77:Motto
70:Badge
9729:Ural
4227:ISBN
4198:ISBN
4184:ISBN
4131:ISBN
4091:ISBN
4076:ISBN
4062:ISBN
3977:2010
3950:ISBN
3923:ISBN
3896:ISBN
3869:ISBN
3842:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3788:ISBN
3761:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3688:ISBN
3669:ISBN
3642:ISBN
3596:ISBN
3569:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3515:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3458:ISBN
3353:See
3262:ISBN
3055:Refs
2304:NCOs
2088:and
2053:Ural
1937:The
1593:for
1557:Ulan
1555:and
1491:the
1437:and
1390:The
1214:Baku
1099:and
1046:and
998:The
910:Oder
888:The
685:and
540:The
9469:Don
7880:520
7875:519
7870:518
7865:517
7860:516
7855:515
7850:514
7845:514
7840:512
7835:511
7830:510
7810:509
7805:508
7800:507
7795:506
7790:505
7785:504
7780:503
7775:502
7770:501
7765:500
7734:499
7729:498
7724:497
7719:496
7714:495
7709:494
7704:493
7699:492
7694:491
7689:490
7669:489
7664:488
7659:487
7654:486
7649:485
7644:484
7639:483
7634:482
7629:481
7624:480
7604:479
7599:478
7594:477
7589:476
7584:475
7579:474
7574:473
7569:472
7564:471
7559:470
7539:469
7534:468
7529:467
7524:466
7519:465
7514:464
7509:461
7504:462
7499:461
7494:460
7474:459
7469:458
7464:457
7459:456
7454:455
7449:454
7444:453
7439:452
7434:451
7429:450
7409:449
7404:448
7399:447
7394:446
7389:445
7384:444
7379:443
7374:442
7369:441
7364:440
7344:439
7339:438
7334:437
7329:436
7324:435
7319:434
7314:433
7309:432
7304:431
7299:430
7279:429
7274:428
7269:427
7264:426
7259:425
7254:424
7249:423
7244:422
7239:421
7234:420
7214:419
7209:418
7204:417
7199:416
7194:415
7189:414
7184:413
7179:412
7174:411
7169:410
7149:409
7144:408
7139:407
7134:406
7129:405
7124:404
7119:403
7114:402
7109:401
7104:400
7073:399
7068:398
7063:397
7043:336
7038:335
7033:334
7028:333
7023:332
7018:331
7013:330
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