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with the addition of removable covers that enclose the piles, as with the system in extensive use by farmer groups in
Thailand, supported by the National Science and Technology Development Agency there. In recent years, smaller scale in-vessel composting has been advanced. These can even use common
89:. Through anaerobic decomposition it is also possible to reduce pathogen levels similarly to that of traditional aerated composting when the anaerobic bioreactors operate at thermophilic temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106 and 252 °F).§
52:
roll-off waste dumpsters as the vessel. The advantage of using roll-off waste dumpsters is their relatively low cost, wide availability, they are highly mobile, often do not need building permits and can be obtained by renting or buying.
979:
23:
materials within a building, container, or vessel. In-vessel composting systems can consist of metal or plastic tanks or concrete bunkers in which air flow and temperature can be controlled, using the principles of a
82:) during the hot aerobic composting involved is the objective of the biofilter, and as the filtering material saturates over time, it can be used in the composting process and replaced with fresh material.
85:
A more advanced systems design is able to limit the odor issues considerably, and it is also able to raise the total energy and resource output by integrating in-vessel composting with
295:
78:, or increased aeration by ventilation, and use of a coarser grade of carbon material to allow better air circulation. Prevention and capture of any gases naturally occurring (
55:
Evaluation is ongoing with regard to the health risks associated with compost derived from sewage biosolids—including identifying safe levels of contaminates such as
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28:". Generally the air circulation is metered in via buried tubes that allow fresh air to be injected under pressure, with the exhaust being extracted through a
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47:, to a stable state with safe pathogen levels, for reclamation as a soil amendment. In-vessel composting can also refer to
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On-Farm
Composting Handbook, Plant and Life Sciences Publishing, Cooperative Extension, Ed. Robert Rynk (June 1992),
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32:, with temperature and moisture conditions monitored using probes in the mass to allow maintenance of optimum
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Avery, Lisa M.; Anchang, Kenneth
Yongabi; Tumwesige, Vianney; Strachan, Norval; Goude, Peter J. (2014).
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323:"Potential for Pathogen reduction in anaerobic digestion and biogas generation in Sub-Saharan Africa"
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296:"'I don't know how we'll survive': the farmers facing ruin in America's 'forever chemicals' crisis"
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Biosolids composting facility – receiving and mixing bays and five reactor chambers
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275:"PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA's Commitments to Action 2021-2024"
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320:
56:
70:) of nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter gassing off as
63:
377:
19:
generally describes a group of methods that confine the
142:
Air supply and exhaust system for enclosed composting
39:
This technique is generally used for municipal scale
249:"Toxic 'Risk Assessment of Pollutants in Biosolids"
1037:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
302:. Guardian News & Media Limited. 22 March 2022
1664:
43:processing, including final treatment of sewage
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363:
1198:
130:Composting chamber material after two weeks
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1177:
370:
356:
181:List of solid waste treatment technologies
118:Composting chamber material after one week
1284:Environmentally healthy community design
1067:High-level radioactive waste management
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1082:Sewage regulation and administration
74:. This is controlled with a higher
13:
1421:waste-water treatment technologies
14:
1689:
1406:agricultural wastewater treatment
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1132:
1131:
1120:
1062:Extended producer responsibility
548:
147:
135:
123:
111:
99:
1487:List of energy storage projects
1411:industrial wastewater treatment
1264:Environmental impact assessment
1234:Environmental impact assessment
620:Mechanical biological treatment
186:Mechanical biological treatment
339:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.053
314:
267:
241:
230:Aerated Static Pile composting
223:
207:
166:Aerated static pile composting
49:aerated static pile composting
1:
201:
66:are caused by putrefaction (
7:
1269:Environmental impact design
1072:History of waste management
159:
10:
1694:
1678:Waste treatment technology
1627:High-performance buildings
660:fluorescent lamp recycling
92:
80:volatile organic compounds
1622:Heat recovery ventilation
1607:Environmental remediation
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1224:Climate smart agriculture
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1612:Glass in green buildings
1556:sustainable architecture
1200:Environmental technology
1042:China's waste import ban
76:carbon to nitrogen ratio
403:Agricultural wastewater
255:. EPA. 26 February 2020
154:Exhaust biofilter mound
68:anaerobic decomposition
59:("forever chemicals").
1602:Environmental movement
1299:Sustainability science
1289:Public interest design
1214:Appropriate technology
1127:Environment portal
805:Bosnia and Herzegovina
695:water recycling shower
277:. EPA. 14 October 2021
1673:Industrial composting
1481:hydrogen technologies
1395:Solid waste treatment
495:Municipal solid waste
475:Industrial wastewater
327:Biomass and Bioenergy
34:aerobic decomposition
1652:Water heat recycling
1582:Efficient energy use
1572:Conservation biology
1509:Sustainable lighting
1445:Efficient energy use
1259:Environmental Design
1229:Environmental design
690:water heat recycling
595:Garden waste dumping
17:In-vessel composting
1637:Nature conservation
1632:Land rehabilitation
1587:Energy conservation
1476:carbon-neutral fuel
1384:dispersion modeling
1057:Eco-industrial park
645:appliance recycling
565:Anaerobic digestion
510:Post-consumer waste
408:Biodegradable waste
171:Anaerobic digestion
87:anaerobic digestion
1455:Energy development
1437:Sustainable energy
1426:water purification
1390:Industrial ecology
1102:Waste minimisation
1047:Cleaner production
712:Reusable packaging
625:Mechanical sorting
428:Construction waste
235:2008-09-17 at the
196:Windrow composting
1660:
1659:
1497:commercialization
1166:
1165:
1097:Waste legislation
1006:Sanitation worker
980:London Convention
916:Bamako Convention
707:Resource recovery
675:textile recycling
670:plastic recycling
650:battery recycling
590:Ecological design
515:Radioactive waste
219:978-0-935817-19-5
1685:
1597:Energy recycling
1518:electric vehicle
1492:Renewable energy
1466:alternative fuel
1416:sewage treatment
1400:Waste management
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1254:Energy recycling
1249:Electric vehicle
1219:Clean technology
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990:OSPAR Convention
921:Basel Convention
732:Waste collection
722:Sewage treatment
680:timber recycling
655:bottle recycling
635:Reclaimed lumber
630:Photodegradation
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470:Industrial waste
438:Electronic waste
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413:Biomedical waste
387:waste management
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1138:Category: Waste
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1092:Waste hierarchy
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1016:Waste collector
994:
985:Oslo Convention
904:
756:
752:Waste-to-energy
747:Waste treatment
717:Right to repair
615:Landfill mining
600:Illegal dumping
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505:Packaging waste
500:Open defecation
460:Hazardous waste
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1642:Permaculture
1561:New Urbanism
1533:Conservation
1325:food systems
1310:architecture
1030:Other topics
1021:Waste picker
948:incineration
727:Urban mining
605:Incineration
585:Durable good
530:Sharps waste
490:Mining waste
330:
326:
316:
304:. Retrieved
300:The Guardian
299:
290:
279:. Retrieved
269:
257:. Retrieved
252:
243:
225:
209:
84:
61:
54:
38:
36:conditions.
16:
15:
1577:Ecoforestry
1335:procurement
1320:development
1305:agriculture
1052:Downcycling
999:Occupations
968:waste water
865:Switzerland
855:South Korea
845:New Zealand
770:Afghanistan
742:Waste trade
702:Repurposing
540:Toxic waste
520:Scrap metal
455:Green waste
418:Brown waste
395:Major types
333:: 112–124.
1667:Categories
1546:insulation
1539:Building (
1502:transition
1345:technology
1330:industries
1107:Zero waste
909:Agreements
840:Kazakhstan
795:Bangladesh
580:Composting
465:Heat waste
450:Food waste
443:by country
281:2022-03-24
202:References
62:Offensive
26:bioreactor
21:composting
1647:Recycling
1370:Pollution
1350:transport
1087:Upcycling
953:landfills
943:framework
936:Recycling
931:batteries
860:Sri Lanka
820:Hong Kong
785:Australia
762:Countries
640:Recycling
558:Processes
379:Biosolids
45:biosolids
30:biofilter
1148:Journals
963:vehicles
885:Thailand
875:Tanzania
610:Landfill
570:Balefill
306:28 March
259:28 March
233:Archived
160:See also
1551:natural
1471:biofuel
1404:Water (
1379:control
1207:General
815:Georgia
790:Belgium
780:Armenia
775:Albania
176:Compost
93:Gallery
72:ammonia
1464:Fuel (
1315:design
1136:
890:Turkey
880:Taiwan
850:Russia
830:Israel
800:Brazil
525:Sewage
480:Litter
385:, and
217:
1541:green
1153:Lists
1143:Index
870:Syria
835:Japan
825:India
810:Egypt
383:waste
64:odors
57:PFASs
973:WEEE
958:RoHS
308:2022
261:2022
215:ISBN
335:doi
253:EPA
1669::
381:,
331:70
329:.
325:.
298:.
251:.
1568:)
1525:)
1516:(
1483:)
1428:)
1386:)
1352:)
1192:e
1185:t
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364:t
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337::
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284:.
263:.
24:"
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