2074:; the mechanism of causality is unclear. However, in a population-wide cohort study of 308,974 births (with 6,163 using assisted reproductive technology and following children from birth to age five) researchers found: "The increased risk of birth defects associated with IVF was no longer significant after adjustment for parental factors." Parental factors included known independent risks for birth defects such as maternal age, smoking status, etc. Multivariate correction did not remove the significance of the association of birth defects and ICSI (corrected odds ratio 1.57), although the authors speculate that underlying male infertility factors (which would be associated with the use of ICSI) may contribute to this observation and were not able to correct for these confounders. The authors also found that a history of infertility elevated risk itself in the absence of any treatment (odds ratio 1.29), consistent with a Danish national registry study and "implicates patient factors in this increased risk." The authors of the Danish national registry study speculate: "our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants."
2947:. The eggs of one partner are used to create embryos which the other partner carries through pregnancy. For gay male couples, many elect to use IVF through gestational surrogacy, where one partner's sperm is used to fertilise a donor ovum, and the resulting embryo is transplanted into a surrogate carrier's womb. There are various IVF options available for same-sex couples including, but not limited to, IVF with donor sperm, IVF with a partner's oocytes, reciprocal IVF, IVF with donor eggs, and IVF with gestational surrogate. IVF with donor sperm can be considered traditional IVF for lesbian couples, but reciprocal IVF or using a partner's oocytes are other options for lesbian couples trying to conceive to include both partners in the biological process. Using a partner's oocytes is an option for partners who are unsuccessful in conceiving with their own, and reciprocal IVF involves undergoing reproduction with a donor egg and sperm that is then transferred to a partner who will gestate. Donor IVF involves conceiving with a third party's eggs. Typically, for gay male couples hoping to use IVF, the common techniques are using IVF with donor eggs and gestational surrogates.
1856:, and neonatal morbidity with the potential for long term damage. Strict limits on the number of embryos that may be transferred have been enacted in some countries (e.g. Britain, Belgium) to reduce the risk of high-order multiples (triplets or more), but are not universally followed or accepted. Spontaneous splitting of embryos in the uterus after transfer can occur, but this is rare and would lead to identical twins. A double blind, randomised study followed IVF pregnancies that resulted in 73 infants, and reported that 8.7% of singleton infants and 54.2% of twins had a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lb). There is some evidence that making a double embryo transfer during one cycle achieves a higher live birth rate than a single embryo transfer; but making two single embryo transfers in two cycles has the same live birth rate and would avoid multiple pregnancies.
2960:. Literature shows that transgender men report uncomfortable procedures and interactions during their pregnancies as well as feeling misgendered due to gendered terminology used by healthcare providers. Outside of the healthcare system, pregnant transgender men may experience gender dysphoria due to cultural assumptions that all pregnant people are cisgender women. These people use three common approaches to navigating their pregnancy: passing as a cisgender woman, hiding their pregnancy, or being out and visibly pregnant as a transgender man. Some transgender and gender diverse patients describe their experience in seeking gynaecological and reproductive health care as isolating and discriminatory, as the strictly binary healthcare system often leads to denial of healthcare coverage or unnecessary revelation of their transgender status to their employer.
2708:, then this would not be an issue. However, this has the chance of increasing costs dramatically as only a few eggs can be attempted at a time. As a result, the couple must decide what to do with these extra embryos. Depending on their view of the embryo's humanity or the chance the couple will want to try to have another child, the couple has multiple options for dealing with these extra embryos. Couples can choose to keep them frozen, donate them to other infertile couples, thaw them, or donate them to medical research. Keeping them frozen costs money, donating them does not ensure they will survive, thawing them renders them immediately unviable, and medical research results in their termination. In the realm of medical research, the couple is not necessarily told what the embryos will be used for, and as a result, some can be used in
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more respect in their society by taking care of the children of other mothers, and this may be lost if they choose to use IVF instead. As IVF is seen as unnatural, it may even hinder their societal position as opposed to making them equal with fertile women. It is also economically advantageous for infertile women to raise foster children as it gives these children greater ability to access resources that are important for their development and also aids the development of their society at large. If IVF becomes more popular without the birth rate decreasing, there could be more large family homes with fewer options to send their newborn children. This could result in an increase of orphaned children and/or a decrease in resources for the children of large families. This would ultimately stifle the children's and the community's growth.
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Transgender men and women may opt for fertility preservation before any gender affirming surgery, but it is not required for future biological reproduction. It is also recommended that fertility preservation is conducted before any hormone therapy. Additionally, while fertility specialists often suggest that transgender men discontinue their testosterone hormones prior to pregnancy, research on this topic is still inconclusive. However, a 2019 study found that transgender male patients seeking oocyte retrieval via assisted reproductive technology (including IVF) were able to undergo treatment four months after stopping testosterone treatment, on average. All patients experienced menses and normal AMH, FSH and E
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opposition, the IVF ban has been struck down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in a decision of 20 December 2012. The court said that a long-standing Costa Rican guarantee of protection for every human embryo violated the reproductive freedom of infertile couples because it prohibited them from using IVF, which often involves the disposal of embryos not implanted in a woman's uterus. On 10 September 2015, President Luis
Guillermo SolΓs signed a decree legalising in-vitro fertilisation. The decree was added to the country's official gazette on 11 September. Opponents of the practice have since filed a lawsuit before the country's Constitutional Court.
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found to be a significant factor in a man's perception of his masculinity, driving many to keep the treatment a secret. In cases where the men did share that he and his partner were undergoing IVF, they reported to have been teased, mainly by other men, although some viewed this as an affirmation of support and friendship. For others, this led to feeling socially isolated. In comparison with females, males showed less deterioration in mental health in the years following a failed treatment. However, many men did feel guilt, disappointment and inadequacy, stating that they were simply trying to provide an "emotional rock" for their partners.
2917:, patients' travel costs, and lost hours of productivity. These costs can be exaggerated by the increasing age of the woman undergoing IVF treatment (particularly those over the age of 40), and the increase costs associated with multiple births. For instance, a pregnancy with twins can cost up to three times that of a singleton pregnancy. While some insurances cover one cycle of IVF, it takes multiple cycles of IVF to have a successful outcome. A study completed in Northern California reveals that the IVF procedure alone that results in a successful outcome costs $ 61,377, and this can be more costly with the use of a donor egg.
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2495:
225:, that can still become pregnant. After the IVF treatment, some couples get pregnant without any fertility treatments. In 2023, it was estimated that twelve million children had been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques. A 2019 study that explores 10 adjuncts with IVF (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants, seminal plasma and PRP) suggests that until more evidence is done to show that these adjuncts are safe and effective, they should be avoided.
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corrupting this whole technology", and accused authorities of failing to protect couples from exploitation: "The regulatory authority has done a consistently bad job. It's not prevented the exploitation of people, it's not put out very good information to couples, it's not limited the number of unscientific treatments people have access to". The IVF industry has been described as a market-driven construction of health, medicine and the human body.
1634:. These cells are then evaluated for normality. Typically within one to two days, following completion of the evaluation, only the normal pre-embryos are transferred back to the uterus. Alternatively, a blastocyst can be cryopreserved via vitrification and transferred at a later date to the uterus. In addition, PGS can significantly reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies because fewer embryos, ideally just one, are needed for implantation.
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access to IVF, such as assumptions about decision-making capacity, sexual interests and abilities, heritability of a disability, and beliefs about parenting ability. These same misconceptions about people with disabilities that once led health care providers to sterilise thousands of women with disabilities now lead them to provide or deny reproductive care on the basis of stereotypes concerning people with disabilities and their sexuality.
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Montana, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia. These laws differ by state but many require an egg be fertilised with sperm from a spouse and that in order to be covered you must show you cannot become pregnant through penile-vaginal sex. These requirements are not possible for a same-sex couple to meet. No state Medicaid program, however, covers for IVF according to a 2020 report.
59:
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Woman's Care
Medical Group after Brody told her that she had "religious-based objections to treating her and homosexuals in general to help them conceive children by artificial insemination," and Fenton refused to authorise a refill of her prescription for the fertility drug Clomid on the same grounds. The California Medical Association had initially sided with Brody and Fenton, but the case,
237:, meaning "in glass", is used because early biological experiments involving cultivation of tissues outside the living organism were carried out in glass containers, such as beakers, test tubes, or Petri dishes. The modern scientific term "in vitro" refers to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism in which it would normally have occurred, to distinguish it from an
1228:, and ovulation would occur between 38 and 40 hours after a single HCG injection, but the egg retrieval is performed at a time usually between 34 and 36 hours after hCG injection, that is, just prior to when the follicles would rupture. This avails for scheduling the egg retrieval procedure at a time where the eggs are fully mature. HCG injection confers a risk of
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significant extent also with percentage of single persons and median income. In the US, an average cycle, from egg retrieval to embryo implantation, costs $ 12,400, and insurance companies that do cover treatment, even partially, usually cap the number of cycles they pay for. As of 2015, more than 1 million babies had been born utilising IVF technologies.
2763:, which involves charting ovulation times, and allows other forms of reproductive technologies that allow conception to take place from normative sexual intercourse, such as a fertility lubricant. Pope Benedict XVI had publicly re-emphasised the Catholic Church's opposition to in vitro fertilisation, saying that it replaces love between a husband and wife.
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2411:(PGD) is criticised for giving select demographic groups disproportionate access to a means of creating a child possessing characteristics that they consider "ideal". Many fertile couples now demand equal access to embryonic screening so that their child can be just as healthy as one created through IVF. Mass use of PGD, especially as a means of
2570:
State officials allege that performing
Suleman's procedure is evidence of unreasonable judgment, substandard care, and a lack of concern for the eight children she would conceive and the six she was already struggling to raise. On 1 June 2011 the Medical Board issued a ruling that Kamrava's medical licence be revoked effective 1 July 2011.
2395:, for example, requires clinics to use a double witnessing system, the identity of specimens is checked by two people at each point at which specimens are transferred. Alternatively, technological solutions are gaining favour, to reduce the manpower cost of manual double witnessing, and to further reduce risks with uniquely numbered
465:
and no live births for those older than 48, the oldest group evaluated. Some clinics exceeded these rates, but it is impossible to determine if that is due to superior technique or patient selection, since it is possible to artificially increase success rates by refusing to accept the most difficult patients or by steering them into
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embryology services, single transfers of all embryos, and one surgical sperm retrieval using certain techniques only if necessary. Drugs and medications are not covered under this
Program, along with psychologist or social worker counselling, storage and shipping of eggs, sperm or embryos, and the purchase of donor sperm or eggs.
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313:. Mukhopadhyay had been performing experiments on his own with primitive instruments and a household refrigerator. However, state authorities prevented him from presenting his work at scientific conferences, and it was many years before Mukhopadhyay's contribution was acknowledged in works dealing with the subject.
1933:(FDA), and reproductive tests to determine the best placement location and cycle timing before the actual embryo transfer occurs. The amount of screening the embryo has already undergone is largely dependent on the genetic parents' own IVF clinic and process. The embryo recipient may elect to have their own
2692:, and on the value that is given to fundamental research questions. Some people believe donation of leftover embryos for research is a good alternative to discarding the embryos when patients receive proper, honest and clear information about the research project, the procedures and the scientific values.
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In Canada, one cycle of IVF treatment can cost between $ 7,750 to $ 12,250 CAD, and medications alone can cost between $ 2,500 to over $ 7,000 CAD. The funding mechanisms that influence accessibility in Canada vary by province and territory, with some provinces providing full, partial or no coverage.
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People with disabilities who wish to have children are equally or more likely than the non-disabled population to experience infertility, yet disabled individuals are much less likely to have access to fertility treatment such as IVF. There are many extraneous factors that hinder disabled individuals
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caused by extended culture leading to the death of more female embryos has been theorised as the reason why blastocyst transfer leads to a higher male sex ratio; however, adding retinoic acid to the culture can bring this ratio back to normal. A second theory is that the male-biased sex ratio may due
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regulations, a woman over 40 may have up to three embryos transferred, whereas in the US, there is no legal limit on the number of embryos which may be transferred, although medical associations have provided practice guidelines. Most clinics and country regulatory bodies seek to minimise the risk of
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Mild IVF is a method where a small dose of ovarian stimulating drugs are used for a short duration during a natural menstrual cycle aimed at producing 2β7 eggs and creating healthy embryos. This method appears to be an advance in the field to reduce complications and side-effects for women, and it is
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federal court had ruled in 2000 that the existing ban on all single women and lesbians using IVF constituted sex discrimination. Victoria's government announced changes to its IVF law in 2007 eliminating remaining restrictions on fertile single women and lesbians, leaving South
Australia as the only
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have reduced funding to one cycle, or none, and it is expected that reductions will become more widespread. Funding may be available in "exceptional circumstances" β for example if a male partner has a transmittable infection or one partner is affected by cancer treatment. According to the campaign
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Not only do misconceptions about disabled individuals parenting ability, sexuality, and health restrict and hinder access to fertility treatment such as IVF, structural barriers such as providers uneducated in disability healthcare and inaccessible clinics severely hinder disabled individuals access
2912:
Costs of IVF can be broken down into direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include the medical treatments themselves, including doctor consultations, medications, ultrasound scanning, laboratory tests, the actual IVF procedure, and any associated hospital charges and administrative costs. Indirect
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Many women of sub-Saharan Africa choose to foster their children to infertile women. IVF enables these infertile women to have their own children, which imposes new ideals to a culture in which fostering children is seen as both natural and culturally important. Many infertile women are able to earn
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In some cases, laboratory mix-ups (misidentified gametes, transfer of wrong embryos) have occurred, leading to legal action against the IVF provider and complex paternity suits. An example is the case of a woman in
California who received the embryo of another couple and was notified of this mistake
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IVF does not seem to confer any risks regarding cognitive development, school performance, social functioning, and behaviour. Also, IVF infants are known to be as securely attached to their parents as those who were naturally conceived, and IVF adolescents are as well-adjusted as those who have been
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to ensure patient comfort. Following optimal follicular development, the eggs are meticulously retrieved using transvaginal ultrasound guidance with the aid of a specialised ultrasound probe and a fine needle aspiration technique. The follicular fluid, containing the retrieved eggs, is expeditiously
319:
held the record as the oldest woman to give birth using IVF and a donor egg, when she gave birth in 2004 at the age of 66, a record passed in 2006. After the IVF treatment some couples are able to get pregnant without any fertility treatments. In 2018 it was estimated that eight million children had
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was the only country in the world with a complete ban on IVF technology, it having been ruled unconstitutional by the nation's
Supreme Court because it "violated life." Costa Rica had been the only country in the western hemisphere that forbade IVF. A law project sent reluctantly by the government
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said in
September 2018 that parents who are limited to one cycle of IVF, or have to fund it themselves, are more likely choose to implant multiple embryos in the hope it increases the chances of pregnancy. This significantly increases the chance of multiple births and the associated poor outcomes,
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and transfer phases, many embryos may be discarded in favour of others. This selection may be based on criteria such as genetic disorders or the sex. One of the earliest cases of special gene selection through IVF was the case of the
Collins family in the 1990s, who selected the sex of their child.
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Few American courts have addressed the issue of the "property" status of a frozen embryo. This issue might arise in the context of a divorce case, in which a court would need to determine which spouse would be able to decide the disposition of the embryos. It could also arise in the context of a
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proposed a bill in 2009 that would have defined donor IVF as adoption. During the same session another bill proposed barring adoption from any unmarried and cohabitating couple, and activist groups stated that passing the first bill would effectively stop unmarried women from using IVF. Neither of
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IVF is expensive in China and not generally accessible to unmarried women. In August 2022, China's National Health Authority announced that it will take steps to make assisted reproductive technology more accessible, including by guiding local governments to include such technology in its national
2972:
Biological reproductive options available to transgender women include, but are not limited to, IVF and IUI with the trans woman's sperm and a donor or a partner's eggs and uterus. Fertility treatment options for transgender men include, but are not limited to, IUI or IVF using his own eggs with a
2963:
Many transgender people retain their original sex organs and choose to have children through biological reproduction. Advances in assisted reproductive technology and fertility preservation have broadened the options transgender people have to conceive a child using their own gametes or a donor's.
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Many LGBT communities centre their support around cisgender gay, lesbian and bisexual people and neglect to include proper support for transgender people. The same 2020 literature review analyses the social, emotional and physical experiences of pregnant transgender men. A common obstacle faced by
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In larger urban centres, studies have noted that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) populations are among the fastest-growing users of fertility care. IVF is increasingly being used to allow lesbian and other LGBT couples to share in the reproductive process through a technique
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Since marriage is a contract between the wife and husband during the span of their marriage, no third party should intrude into the marital functions of sex and procreation. This means that a third party donor is not acceptable, whether he or she is providing sperm, eggs, embryos, or a uterus. The
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By 2017, many centres have adopted embryo cryopreservation as their primary IVF therapy, and perform few or no fresh embryo transfers. The two main reasons for this have been better endometrial receptivity when embryos are transferred in cycles without exposure to ovarian stimulation and also the
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devices, with or without morphokinetic scoring systems, are compared against conventional embryo assessment for IVF, there is insufficient evidence of a difference in live-birth, pregnancy, stillbirth or miscarriage to choose between them. Active efforts to develop a more accurate embryo selection
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ultrasound aspiration involving an ultrasound-guided needle being injected through follicles upon collection. Through this needle, the oocyte and follicular fluid are aspirated and the follicular fluid is then passed to an embryologist to identify ova. It is common to remove between ten and thirty
464:
In 2006, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27%. Birth rates in younger patients were slightly higher, with a success rate of 35.3% for those 21 and younger, the youngest group evaluated. Success rates for older patients were also lower and decrease with age, with 37-year-olds at 27.4%
397:
The success rate depends on variable factors such as age of the woman, cause of infertility, embryo status, reproductive history, and lifestyle factors. Younger candidates of IVF are more likely to get pregnant. People older than 41 are more likely to get pregnant with a donor egg. People who have
3077:
is quite low, with only 2,800 cycles per million infertile people in the reproductive age group (20β44 years), as compared to China, which has 6,500 cycles. The key challenges are lack of awareness, affordability and accessibility. Since 2018, however, India has become a destination for fertility
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card and have not already undergone any IVF cycles. Coverage is extensive, but not universal. Coverage extends to certain blood and urine tests, physician/nurse counselling and consultations, certain ultrasounds, up to two cycle monitorings, embryo thawing, freezing and culture, fertilisation and
2920:
The cost of IVF rather reflects the costliness of the underlying healthcare system than the regulatory or funding environment, and ranges, on average for a standard IVF cycle and in 2006 United States dollars, between $ 12,500 in the United States to $ 4,000 in Japan. In Ireland, IVF costs around
2522:
Although menopause is a natural barrier to further conception, IVF has allowed people to be pregnant in their fifties and sixties. People whose uteruses have been appropriately prepared receive embryos that originated from an egg donor. Therefore, although they do not have a genetic link with the
2473:
The industry has been accused of making unscientific claims, and distorting facts relating to infertility, in particular through widely exaggerated claims about how common infertility is in society, in an attempt to get as many couples as possible and as soon as possible to try treatments (rather
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Robert Winston, professor of fertility studies at Imperial College London, had called the industry "corrupt" and "greedy" stating that "one of the major problems facing us in healthcare is that IVF has become a massive commercial industry," and that "what has happened, of course, is that money is
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in the offspring. It is not known, however, whether these potential associations are caused by the IVF procedure in itself, by adverse obstetric outcomes associated with IVF, by the genetic origin of the children or by yet unknown IVF-associated causes. Increases in embryo manipulation during IVF
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The Rand Consulting Group has estimated there to be 400,000 frozen embryos in the United States in 2006. The advantage is that patients who fail to conceive may become pregnant using such embryos without having to go through a full IVF cycle. Or, if pregnancy occurred, they could return later for
472:
Because not each IVF cycle that is started will lead to oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer, reports of live birth rates need to specify the denominator, namely IVF cycles started, IVF retrievals, or embryo transfers. The SART summarised 2008β9 success rates for US clinics for fresh embryo cycles
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and IUI is allowed. With donated eggs, sperm or embryo, a heterosexual couple and single women have legal access to IVF. Male or female couples do not have access to ART as a form of reproduction. The minimum age for males and females to access ART in Croatia is 18 there is no maximum age. Donor
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provides partial funding through their Infertility Special Assistance Fund β a one time grant of up to $ 5,000. Patients may only claim up to 50% of treatment costs or $ 5,000 (whichever is less) occurred after April 2014. Eligible patients must be a full-time New Brunswick resident with a valid
2928:
Navigating insurance coverage for transgender expectant parents presents a unique challenge. Insurance plans are designed to cater towards a specific population, meaning that some plans can provide adequate coverage for gender-affirming care but fail to provide fertility services for transgender
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Research has shown that men largely view themselves as "passive contributors" since they have "less physical involvement" in IVF treatment. Despite this, many men feel distressed after seeing the toll of hormonal injections and ongoing physical intervention on their female partner. Fertility was
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came to international attention after having twelve embryos implanted, eight of which survived, resulting in eight newborns being added to her existing six-child family. The Medical Board of California sought to have fertility doctor Michael Kamrava, who treated Suleman, stripped of his licence.
2556:
A controversy in California focused on the question of whether physicians opposed to same-sex relationships should be required to perform IVF for a lesbian couple. Guadalupe T. Benitez, a lesbian medical assistant from San Diego, sued doctors Christine Brody and Douglas Fenton of the North Coast
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All pregnancies can be risky, but there are greater risk for mothers who are older and are over the age of 40. As people get older, they are more likely to develop conditions such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. If the mother does conceive over the age of 40, their offspring may be of
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The ethic issues remain unresolved as no worldwide consensus exists in science, religion, and philosophy on when a human embryo should be recognised as a person. For those who believe that this is at the moment of conception, IVF becomes a moral question when multiple eggs are fertilised, begin
3177:
In the United States, overall availability of IVF in 2005 was 2.5 IVF physicians per 100,000 population, and utilisation was 236 IVF cycles per 100,000. 126 procedures are performed per million people per year. Utilisation highly increases with availability and IVF insurance coverage, and to a
2898:
In certain countries, including Austria, Italy, Estonia, Hungary, Spain and Israel, the male does not have the full ability to withdraw consent to storage or use of embryos once they are fertilised. In the United States, the matter has been left to the courts on a more or less ad hoc basis. If
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Transgender men can experience challenges in pregnancy and birthing from the cis-normative structure within the medical system, as well as psychological challenges such as renewed gender dysphoria. The effect of continued testosterone therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding is undetermined.
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found no persuasive evidence that children are harmed or disadvantaged solely by being raised by single parents, unmarried parents, or homosexual parents. It did not support restricting access to assisted reproductive technologies on the basis of a prospective parent's marital status or sexual
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injury performed in the month prior to ovarian induction appeared to increase both the live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate in IVF compared with no endometrial injury. There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in miscarriage, multiple pregnancy or bleeding rates. Evidence
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was rejected by parliament. President Chinchilla has not publicly stated her position on the question of IVF. However, given the massive influence of the Catholic Church in her government any change in the status quo seems very unlikely. In spite of Costa Rican government and strong religious
3208:
Sunni Muslim nations generally allow IVF between married couples when conducted with their own respective sperm and eggs, but not with donor eggs from other couples. But Iran, which is Shi'a Muslim, has a more complex scheme. Iran bans sperm donation but allows donation of both fertilised and
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In the US, nineteen states have laws requiring insurance coverage for infertility treatment, and thirteen of those specifically include IVF. These states that mandate IVF coverage are: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,
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Studies have indicated that IVF mothers show greater emotional involvement with their child, and they enjoy motherhood more than mothers by natural conception. Similarly, studies have indicated that IVF fathers express more warmth and emotional involvement than fathers by adoption and natural
1953:
This results in swollen, painful ovaries. It occurs in 30% of patients. Mild cases can be treated with over the counter medications and cases can be resolved in the absence of pregnancy. In moderate cases, ovaries swell and fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavities and may have symptoms of
1957:
During egg retrieval, there exists a small chance of bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding structures such as bowel and bladder (transvaginal ultrasound aspiration) as well as difficulty in breathing, chest infection, allergic reactions to medication, or nerve damage (laparoscopy).
607:
In 2006, Canadian clinics reported an average pregnancy rate of 35%. A French study estimated that 66% of patients starting IVF treatment finally succeed in having a child (40% during the IVF treatment at the centre and 26% after IVF discontinuation). Achievement of having a child after IVF
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dispute between a sperm donor and egg donor, even if they were unmarried. In 2015, an Illinois court held that such disputes could be decided by reference to any contract between the parents-to-be. In the absence of a contract, the court would weigh the relative interests of the parties.
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The number to be transferred depends on the number available, the age of the patient and other health and diagnostic factors. In countries such as Canada, the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a maximum of two embryos are transferred except in unusual circumstances. In the UK and according to
2639:
There may be leftover embryos or eggs from IVF procedures if the person for whom they were originally created has successfully carried one or more pregnancies to term, and no longer wishes to use them. With the patient's permission, these may be donated to help others conceive by means of
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Alana Stewart, who was conceived using donor sperm, began an online forum for donor children called AnonymousUS in 2010. The forum welcomes the viewpoints of anyone involved in the IVF process. In May 2012, a court ruled making anonymous sperm and egg donation in British Columbia illegal.
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protocol. In a standard long GnRH agonist protocol the day when hyperstimulation treatment is started and the expected day of later oocyte retrieval can be chosen to conform to personal choice, while in a GnRH antagonist protocol it must be adapted to the spontaneous onset of the previous
5489:
Abyholm T, Tanbo T, Dale PO, Magnus O (February 1992). "In vivo fertilization procedures in infertile women with patent fallopian tubes: a comparison of gamete intrafallopian transfer, combined intrauterine and intraperitoneal insemination, and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation alone".
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levels and antral follicle counts after coming off testosterone, which allowed for successful oocyte retrieval. Despite assumptions that the long-term androgen treatment negatively impacts fertility, oocyte retrieval, an integral part of the IVF process, does not appear to be affected.
1442:), is a clear example. This Deep Learning software substitutes manual classifications with a ranking system based on an individual embryo's predicted genetic status in a non-invasive fashion. Studies on this area are still pending and current feasibility studies support its potential.
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Israel has the highest rate of IVF in the world, with 1,657 procedures performed per million people per year. Couples without children can receive funding for IVF for up to two children. The same funding is available for people without children who will raise up to two children in a
1285:
may be performed prior to fertilisation to select eggs that can be fertilised, as it is required they are in metaphase II. There are cases in which if oocytes are in the metaphase I stage, they can be kept being cultured so as to undergo a posterior sperm injection. In the meantime,
732:
of pregnancy of approximately 0.8, and a level between 1.2 and 3.0 ng/ml confers an odds ratio of pregnancy of between 0.6 and 0.7. On the other hand, progesterone elevation does not seem to confer a decreased chance of pregnancy in frozenβthawed cycles and cycles with egg
3037:
provincial government enacted the Ontario Fertility Program for patients with medical and non-medical infertility, regardless of sexual orientation, gender or family composition. Eligible patients for IVF treatment must be Ontario residents under the age of 43 and have a valid
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tags which can be identified by readers connected to a computer. The computer tracks specimens throughout the process and alerts the embryologist if non-matching specimens are identified. Although the use of RFID tracking has expanded in the US, it is still not widely adopted.
632:
rates for IVF are somewhere between 15 and 25% for those under the age of 35. In naturally conceived pregnancies, the rate of miscarriage is between 10 and 20% for those under the age of 35. Risk of miscarriage, regardless of the method of conception, does increase with age.
359:(ICSI) may be used, where a sperm cell is injected directly into the egg cell. This is used when sperm has difficulty penetrating the egg. ICSI is also used when sperm numbers are very low. When indicated, the use of ICSI has been found to increase the success rates of IVF.
3311:, but is a relatively simple procedure, and can be used in the home for self-insemination without medical practitioner assistance. The beneficiaries of artificial insemination are people who desire to give birth to their own child who may be single, people who are in a
2426:
While PGD was originally designed to screen for embryos carrying hereditary genetic diseases, the method has been applied to select features that are unrelated to diseases, thus raising ethical questions. Examples of such cases include the selection of embryos based on
874:
in IVF found no overall benefit, and concluded that an apparent benefit detected in a subset of published trials where the control group (those not using acupuncture) experienced a lower than average rate of pregnancy requires further study, due to the possibility of
1902:, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necessary in IVF to prevent transmission, unless the birthing partner has not been effectively vaccinated. In birthing people with hepatitis B, the risk of
1547:
There are various expansions or additional techniques that can be applied in IVF, which are usually not necessary for the IVF procedure itself, but would be virtually impossible or technically difficult to perform without concomitantly performing methods of IVF.
3141:
in England varied between under Β£3,000 to more than Β£6,000 in 2014/5. In February 2013, the cost of implementing the NICE guidelines for IVF along with other treatments for infertility was projected to be Β£236,000 per year per 100,000 members of the population.
2655:, with the goal of producing a successful pregnancy. Embryo recipients have genetic issues or poor-quality embryos or eggs of their own. The resulting child is considered the child of whoever birthed them, and not the child of the donor, the same as occurs with
1763:, the resultant embryo after fertilisation is inserted in another person than the one providing the eggs. These are resources for those with no eggs due to surgery, chemotherapy, or genetic causes; or with poor egg quality, previously unsuccessful IVF cycles or
1675:
to another aspiring parent, and embryos may be created, frozen and stored specifically for transfer and donation by using donor eggs and sperm. Also, oocyte cryopreservation can be used for those who are likely to lose their ovarian reserve due to undergoing
751:
An endometrial thickness (EMT) of less than 7 mm decreases the pregnancy rate by an odds ratio of approximately 0.4 compared to an EMT of over 7 mm. However, such low thickness rarely occurs, and any routine use of this parameter is regarded as not
2505:
held the record for a while as the oldest woman to give birth using IVF and a donor egg, when she gave birth in 2004 at the age of 66. In September 2019, a 74-year-old woman became the oldest-ever to give birth after she delivered twins at a hospital in
3149:. In August 2017 five of the 208 CCGs had stopped funding IVF completely and others were considering doing so. By October 2017 only 25 CCGs were delivering the three recommended NHS IVF cycles to eligible people under 40. Policies could fall foul of
394:. Due to advances in reproductive technology, live birth rates by cycle five of IVF have increased from 76% in 2005 to 80% in 2010, despite a reduction in the number of embryos being transferred (which decreased the multiple birth rate from 25% to 8%).
2550:
orientation. A 2018 study found that children's psychological well-being did not differ when raised by either same-sex parents or heterosexual parents, even finding that psychological well-being was better amongst children raised by same-sex parents.
193:
was the first child successfully born after her mother received IVF treatment. Brown was born as a result of natural-cycle IVF, where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (later Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in
2770:, teaches that reproduction has an "inseparable connection" to the sexual union of married couples. In addition, the church opposes IVF because it might result in the disposal of embryos; in Catholicism, an embryo is viewed as an individual with a
2030:
during the first trimester of IVF. When looking at long-term studies comparing patients who received or did not receive IVF, there seems to be no correlation with increased risk of cardiac events. There are more ongoing studies to solidify this.
1341:, eggs are removed from the woman and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. This allows fertilisation to take place inside the woman's body. Therefore, this variation is actually an in vivo fertilisation, not in vitro.
2929:
patients. Additionally, insurance coverage is constructed around a person's legally recognised sex and not their anatomy; thus, transgender people may not get coverage for the services they need, including transgender men for fertility services.
1236:
instead of hCG eliminates most of the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but with a reduced delivery rate if the embryos are transferred fresh. For this reason, many centers will freeze all oocytes or embryos following agonist trigger.
1565:(PGS) or preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been suggested to be able to be used in IVF to select an embryo that appears to have the greatest chances for successful pregnancy. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing
2442:. It becomes frowned upon because of the advantage of being able to eliminate unwanted traits and selecting desired traits. By using PGD, individuals are given the opportunity to create a human life unethically and rely on science and not by
1752:(AZH) can be performed shortly before the embryo is transferred to the uterus. A small opening is made in the outer layer surrounding the egg in order to help the embryo hatch out and aid in the implantation process of the growing embryo.
2053:
1.24β1.42) compared to naturally conceived infants. In 2008, an analysis of the data of the National Birth Defects Study in the US found that certain birth defects were significantly more common in infants conceived through IVF, notably
2683:
at a time when pregnancy is very unlikely), keeping them frozen indefinitely, or donating them for use in research (rendering them non-viable). Individual moral views on disposing of leftover embryos may depend on personal views on the
2803:
IVF of an egg from the wife with the sperm of her husband and the transfer of the fertilised egg back to the uterus of the wife is allowed, provided that the procedure is indicated for a medical reason and is carried out by an expert
1925:
of Japan decided to block the practice. Hideji Hanabusa, the vice president of the Ogikubo Hospital, states that together with his colleagues, he managed to develop a method through which scientists are able to remove HIV from sperm.
3103:
One, two or three IVF treatments are government subsidised for people who are younger than 40 and have no children. The rules for how many treatments are subsidised, and the upper age limit for the people, vary between different
2675:
until a carrier is found for them. The process of matching the donation with the prospective parents is conducted by the agency itself, at which time the clinic transfers ownership of the embryos to the prospective parent(s).
3359:, the process in which a surrogate agrees to bear a child for another person or persons, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when
2921:β¬4,000, with fertility drugs, if required, costing up to β¬3,000. The cost per live birth is highest in the United States ($ 41,000) and United Kingdom ($ 40,000) and lowest in Scandinavia and Japan (both around $ 24,500).
3124:(NICE) recommends up to 3 cycles of treatment for people under 40 years old with minimal success conceiving after 2 years of unprotected sex. Cycles will not be continued for people who are older than 40 years. CCGs in
304:
The second successful birth of a 'test tube baby' occurred in India on October 3, 1978, just 67 days after Louise Brown was born. The girl, named Durga, was conceived in vitro using a method developed independently by
2487:
lower birth weight, and more likely to requires intensive care. Because of this, the increased risk is a sufficient cause for concern. The high incidence of caesarean in older patients is commonly regarded as a risk.
8852:
385:
IVF success rates are the percentage of all IVF procedures that result in favourable outcomes. Depending on the type of calculation used, this outcome may represent the number of confirmed pregnancies, called the
3185:
Many fertility clinics in the United States limit the upper age at which people are eligible for IVF to 50 or 55 years. These cut-offs make it difficult for people older than fifty-five to utilise the procedure.
2924:
The high cost of IVF is also a barrier to access for disabled individuals, who typically have lower incomes, face higher health care costs, and seek health care services more often than non-disabled individuals.
2836:) and the specific laws regarding intercourse. An additional major issue is that of establishing paternity and lineage. For a baby conceived naturally, the father's identity is determined by a legal presumption (
2490:
Those conceiving at 40 have a greater risk of gestational hypertension and premature birth. The offspring is at risk when being born from older mothers, and the risks associated with being conceived through IVF.
417:
A 2021 summary compiled by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) which reports the average IVF success rates in the United States per age group using non-donor eggs compiled the following data:
3225:
All major restrictions on single but infertile people using IVF were lifted in Australia in 2002 after a final appeal to the Australian High Court was rejected on procedural grounds in the Leesa Meldrum case. A
4658:"Multivariate analysis of factors affecting probability of pregnancy and live birth with in vitro fertilization: an analysis of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System"
1031:, and reinserting the fertilised ova into the uterus. However, without additional techniques, the chances of pregnancy would be extremely small. The additional techniques that are routinely used in IVF include
12570:
476:
IVF attempts in multiple cycles result in increased cumulative live birth rates. Depending on the demographic group, one study reported 45% to 53% for three attempts, and 51% to 71% to 80% for six attempts.
784:(BMI) over 27 causes a 33% decrease in likelihood to have a live birth after the first cycle of IVF, compared to those with a BMI between 20 and 27. Also, pregnant people who are obese have higher rates of
1998:
coping strategies are associated with a higher degree of distress, while the presence of social support has a relieving effect. A negative pregnancy test after IVF is associated with an increased risk for
3939:
3238:
on donations, but generally do not affect sexually intimate partners. However, doctors may be required to provide treatments due to nondiscrimination laws, as for example in California. The US state of
8544:
480:
According to the 2021 National Summary Report compiled by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), the mean number of embryos transfers for patients achieving live birth go as follows:
473:
that did not involve donor eggs and gave live birth rates by the age of the prospective mother, with a peak at 41.3% per cycle started and 47.3% per embryo transfer for patients under 35 years of age.
8526:
2774:
that must be treated as a person. The Catholic Church maintains that it is not objectively evil to be infertile, and advocates adoption as an option for such couples who still wish to have children.
748:. These cells are closely associated with the oocyte and share the same microenvironment, and the rate of expression of certain genes in such cells are associated with higher or lower pregnancy rate.
1711:. Its main usage as an expansion of IVF is to overcome male infertility problems, although it may also be used where eggs cannot easily be penetrated by sperm, and occasionally in conjunction with
281:, occurred in 1978. Louise Brown was born as a result of natural cycle IVF where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in
5259:
Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, De Klerk C, Polinder S, Beckers NG, Klinkert ER, et al. (March 2007). "A mild treatment strategy for in-vitro fertilisation: a randomised non-inferiority trial".
182:
into a surrogate's uterus, and the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Some countries have banned or otherwise regulate the availability of IVF treatment, giving rise to
10413:
3209:
unfertilised eggs. Fertilised eggs are donated from married couples to other married couples, while unfertilised eggs are donated in the context of mut'ah or temporary marriage to the father.
3255:
10799:
2474:
than trying to conceive naturally for a longer time). This risks removing infertility from its social context and reducing the experience to a simple biological malfunction, which not only
1630:, are analysed during the IVF process. Before the transfer of a pre-embryo back to a person's uterus, one or two cells are removed from the pre-embryos (8-cell stage), or preferably from a
2872:
has emerged as a symbol of IVF users, possibly because some people thought, without scientific evidence, that eating pineapple might slightly increase the success rate for the procedure.
1767:. In the egg donor process, eggs are retrieved from a donor's ovaries, fertilised in the laboratory with sperm, and the resulting healthy embryos are returned to the recipient's uterus.
526:
Effective from 15 February 2021 the majority of Australian IVF clinics publish their individual success rate online via YourIVFSuccess.com.au. This site also contains a predictor tool.
1462:
multiple pregnancy, as it is not uncommon for multiple embryos to implant if multiple embryos are transferred. Embryos are transferred to the patient's uterus through a thin, plastic
3464:
851:
Aspirin is sometimes prescribed to people for the purpose of increasing the chances of conception by IVF, but as of 2016 there was no evidence to show that it is safe and effective.
5533:
Wetscher F, Havlicek V, Huber T, Gilles M, Tesfaye D, Griese J, et al. (July 2005). "Intrafallopian transfer of gametes and early stage embryos for in vivo culture in cattle".
4764:
469:
donation cycles (which are compiled separately). Further, pregnancy rates can be increased by the placement of several embryos at the risk of increasing the chance for multiples.
10543:
1577:, PGS with cleavage-stage biopsy significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and non-representative samples because of
6061:
3254:, and that an 1872 state law allowing parents to sue over the death of a minor "applies to all unborn children, regardless of their location." This ruling raised concerns from
2999:
In Australia, the average age of women undergoing ART treatment is 35.5 years among those using their own eggs (one in four being 40 or older) and 40.5 years among those using
2799:, a general consensus from the contemporary Sunni scholars concludes that IVF methods are immoral and prohibited. However, Gad El-Hak Ali Gad El-Hak's ART fatwa includes that:
2037:
has occurred after successful and unsuccessful IVF treatments. Within 2 years of delivering an infant conceived through IVF, subfertile patients had a conception rate of 18%.
366:(NICE) guidelines, IVF treatment is appropriate in cases of unexplained infertility for people who have not conceived after 2 years of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
10188:
8856:
11055:
7373:"A systematic review and meta-analysis of DNA methylation levels and imprinting disorders in children conceived by IVF/ICSI compared with children conceived spontaneously"
6585:
3202:
1917:, Japan's government prohibited the use of IVF procedures in which both partners are infected with HIV. Despite the fact that the ethics committees previously allowed the
1622:
PGS screens for numeral chromosomal abnormalities while PGD diagnosis the specific molecular defect of the inherited disease. In both PGS and PGD, individual cells from a
946:. The review found that oral antioxidants given to the sperm donor with male factor or unexplained subfertility may improve live birth rates, but more evidence is needed.
10729:
7753:
2559:
1383:, so the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates are increased with cleavage stage transfer. Transfer day two instead of day three after fertilisation has no differences in
10517:
12766:
2589:
1182:
aimed at quality, and not quantity of eggs and embryos. One study comparing a mild treatment (mild ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonist co-treatment combined with
1194:
after 1 year were 43.4% with mild treatment and 44.7% with standard treatment. Mild IVF can be cheaper than conventional IVF and with a significantly reduced risk of
10103:
3251:
2457:
wrote that "intentionally culling out blind or deaf embryos might prevent considerable future suffering, while a policy that allowed deaf or blind parents to select
4334:"Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach"
2704:
development, and only a few are chosen for uterus transfer. If IVF were to involve the fertilisation of only a single egg, or at least only the number that will be
12575:
3691:
2007:. Pregnancy test results do not seem to be a risk factor for depression or anxiety among men when the relationships is between two cisgender, heterosexual people.
1876:, which was first applied in 1984, leads to significantly more male births (56.1% male). Standard IVF done at the second or third day leads to a normal sex ratio.
1746:
which may be used to score embryos by comparing the patterns with ones that have previously been found among embryos in successful versus unsuccessful pregnancies.
10877:
7990:
8463:
3947:
1848:. This is directly related to the practice of transferring multiple embryos at embryo transfer. Multiple births are related to increased risk of pregnancy loss,
4699:
2553:
Ethical concerns include reproductive rights, the welfare of offspring, nondiscrimination against unmarried individuals, homosexual, and professional autonomy.
728:
using GnRH analogues and gonadotrophins. At this time, compared to a progesterone level below 0.8 ng/ml, a level between 0.8 and 1.1 ng/ml confers an
13121:
5655:"Embryo incubation and selection in a time-lapse monitoring system improves pregnancy outcome compared with a standard incubator: a retrospective cohort study"
3267:
2759:
from the goal of uniting married couples. The Catholic Church permits the use of a small number of reproductive technologies and contraceptive methods such as
2738:
8548:
1954:
heartburn, gas, nausea or loss of appetite. In severe cases, patients have sudden excess abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and will result in hospitalisation.
1057:
Ovarian hyperstimulation is the stimulation to induce development of multiple follicles of the ovaries. It should start with response prediction by e.g. age,
953:
in 2015 came to the result that there is no evidence identified regarding the effect of preconception lifestyle advice on the chance of a live birth outcome.
10756:
9832:"Assisted reproductive technology outcomes in female-to-male transgender patients compared with cisgender patients: a new frontier in reproductive medicine"
10850:
10216:
9479:"Cultural competence in fertility care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people: a systematic review of patient and provider perspectives"
1895:, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels.
6300:"Perinatal outcome of pregnancy after GnRH antagonist (ganirelix) treatment during ovarian stimulation for conventional IVF or ICSI: a preliminary report"
5343:
221:
and IVF, there are many women who may be past their reproductive years, have infertile partners, have idiopathic female-fertility issues, or have reached
1439:
248:
A colloquial term for babies conceived as the result of IVF, "test tube babies", refers to the tube-shaped containers of glass or plastic resin, called
10781:
10591:
10465:
9987:
3481:
The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world. The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and
1065:. The resulting prediction of e.g. poor or hyper-response to ovarian hyperstimulation determines the protocol and dosage for ovarian hyperstimulation.
3485:
became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother
2391:
after the birth of her son. This has led to many authorities and individual clinics implementing procedures to minimise the risk of such mix-ups. The
13147:
11163:
4375:"The predictive accuracy of anti-MΓΌllerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature"
3169:
said that funding 3 cycles was "the most important factor in maintaining low rates of multiple pregnancies and reduce(s) associated complications".
3166:
3121:
363:
10818:
6902:"Two new prediction rules for spontaneous pregnancy leading to live birth among subfertile couples, based on the synthesis of three previous models"
4060:
11232:
10359:
10943:
6790:
1610:
Those who already have a child with an incurable disease and need compatible cells from a second healthy child to cure the first, resulting in a "
1425:, there is significant evidence that a morphological scoring system is the best strategy for the selection of embryos. Since 2009 where the first
1103:
When stimulating ovulation after suppressing endogenous secretion, it is necessary to supply exogenous gonadotropines. The most common one is the
2726:
1964:
may also occur if a fertilised egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes and requires immediate destruction of the foetus.
8677:
5009:"The effects of acupuncture on rates of clinical pregnancy among women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1068:
Ovarian hyperstimulation also includes suppression of spontaneous ovulation, for which two main methods are available: Using a (usually longer)
12759:
7324:"Comparative intrauterine development and placental function of ART concepti: implications for human reproductive medicine and animal breeding"
1922:
1322:
to take place. A review in 2013 came to the result that a duration of this co-incubation of about 1 to 4 hours results in significantly higher
9599:
8784:
13743:
9434:
Learmonth C, Viloria R, Lambert C, Goldhammer H, Keuroghlian AS (September 2018). "Barriers to insurance coverage for transgender patients".
8812:
4700:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2017).
4242:
2899:
embryos are implanted and a child is born contrary to the wishes of the male, he still has legal and financial responsibilities of a father.
1334:(ICSI). The fertilised egg is passed to a special growth medium and left for about 48 hours until the embryo consists of six to eight cells.
11281:
8219:
1027:
Theoretically, IVF could be performed by collecting the contents from the fallopian tubes or uterus after natural ovulation, mixing it with
11463:
11130:
10569:
9635:"From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers"
8879:
8260:
7500:
5199:
3161:
1930:
1171:
538:(and appearing in the table in the Success Rates section above) include statistics on positive pregnancy test and clinical pregnancy rate.
9302:
5432:
13712:
11550:
4772:
3082:
passed the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2020, to regulate ART services including IVF centres, sperm and egg banks.
1691:
The outcome from using cryopreserved embryos has uniformly been positive with no increase in birth defects or development abnormalities.
10230:
De Geyter, C; Calhaz-Jorge, C; Kupka, M S; Wyns, C; Mocanu, E; Motrenko, T; Scaravelli, G; Smeenk, J; Vidakovic, S; Goossens, V (2020).
9743:
Maxwell S, Noyes N, Keefe D, Berkeley AS, Goldman KN (June 2017). "Pregnancy Outcomes After Fertility Preservation in Transgender Men".
5573:"Neonatal outcomes among singleton births after blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
4092:"Long-term outcome of parenthood project during in vitro fertilization and after discontinuation of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization"
2596:
Ethical concerns include reproductive rights, reproductive justice, physician autonomy, and transphobia within the health care setting.
2588:
reproduction and family planning is limited. A 2020 comparative study of children born to a transgender father and cisgender mother via
12626:
11481:
10914:
10547:
6613:"Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancerβa systematic review and meta-analysis"
4968:"Is aspirin effective in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)? Results from an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD MA)"
3965:
3259:
3194:
Government agencies in China passed bans on the use of IVF in 2003 by unmarried people or by couples with certain infectious diseases.
2721:
2546:
8275:
12752:
10961:
6069:
9526:
5975:"Increased live birth rates with GnRH agonist addition for luteal support in ICSI/IVF cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1170:. This method can be successfully used when people want to avoid taking ovarian stimulating drugs with its associated side-effects.
684:
levels, with higher levels indicating higher chances of pregnancy, as well as of live birth after IVF, even after adjusting for age.
12685:
11476:
7548:
Vertauschte Keimzellen und Embryonen β Analyse reproduktionsmedizinischer ZwischenfΓ€lle: Normkontext, Rechtsfolgen, Regelungsbedarf
7546:
3329:(in the sense of medical treatment aiming for the development of one or two ovulatory follicles) is an alternative for people with
2614:
In the U.K., Sweden, Norway, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and some Australian states, donors are not paid and cannot be anonymous.
1883:
to a higher rate of selection of male embryos. Male embryos develop faster in vitro, and thus may appear more viable for transfer.
1190:
long-protocol and transfer of two embryos) came to the result that the proportions of cumulative pregnancies that resulted in term
891:
suggested that endometrial injury on the day of oocyte retrieval was associated with a lower live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate.
11081:
8241:
6169:"Does severe teratozoospermia affect blastocyst formation, live birth rate, and other clinical outcome parameters in ICSI cycles?"
12732:
12608:
11207:
4720:"Male age negatively impacts embryo development and reproductive outcome in donor oocyte assisted reproductive technology cycles"
984:
11059:
10618:"In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors"
10468:(Report) (2016 update ed.). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. February 2013. p. 7. Archived from
8758:
7670:"Practices and ethical concerns regarding preimplantation diagnosis. Who regulates preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Brazil?"
7214:"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment. Part IIβMental health and development outcomes"
6589:
6106:
Porcu E, Fabbri R, Damiano G, Fratto R, Giunchi S, Venturoli S (April 2004). "Oocyte cryopreservation in oncological patients".
3885:
3157:
said that women were registering with surgeries further away from their own home in order to get around CCG rationing policies.
3108:. Single people are treated, and embryo adoption is allowed. There are also private clinics that offer the treatment for a fee.
12861:
12646:
9401:
2756:
2012:
1438:
analysis based on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning are underway. Embryo Ranking Intelligent Classification Assistant (
17:
10733:
6449:"Does the sex ratio of singleton births after frozen single blastocyst transfer differ in relation to blastocyst development?"
6141:
3137:
group Fertility Fairness "at the end of 2014 every CCG in England was funding at least one cycle of IVF". Prices paid by the
186:. Restrictions on the availability of IVF include costs and age, in order for a person to carry a healthy pregnancy to term.
13908:
13838:
12878:
11369:
11247:
10521:
10061:
9948:"Considering Decision-Making and Sexuality in Menstrual Suppression of Teens and Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities"
9573:
7822:
7262:
5790:
Chavez-Badiola A, Flores-Saiffe Farias A, Mendizabal-Ruiz G, Garcia-Sanchez R, Drakeley AJ, Garcia-Sandoval JP (March 2020).
4255:
1298:, it will usually have been prepared for treatment before being frozen and quarantined, and it will be thawed ready for use.
290:
203:
14053:
4527:"Progesterone elevation and probability of pregnancy after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 60 000 cycles"
3300:
808:. Ideal body mass index is 19β30, and many clinics restrict this BMI range as a criterion for initiation of the IVF process.
13413:
8984:
7717:
Edwards RG (March 2005). "Ethics and moral philosophy in the initiation of IVF, preimplantation diagnosis and stem cells".
5194:
3839:
Wade JJ, MacLachlan V, Kovacs G (October 2015). "The success rate of IVF has significantly improved over the last decade".
3304:
1120:
11103:
10111:
9242:
Assisted reproductive technologies: international approaches to public funding mechanisms and criteria. An evidence review
7164:"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
3095:
home. IVF is available for people aged 18 to 45. The Israeli Health Ministry says it spends roughly $ 3450 per procedure.
2780:
welcome IVF as a gift for those who are unable to bear children and have declared doctors related to IVF to be conducting
541:
The 2019 summary compiled by the SART the following data for non-donor eggs (first embryo transfer) in the United States:
14012:
13180:
12939:
12580:
10681:
10399:
7643:
5792:"Predicting pregnancy test results after embryo transfer by image feature extraction and analysis using machine learning"
4010:
3961:
3910:
2145:
1330:. In certain situations, such as low sperm count or motility, a single sperm may be injected directly into the egg using
1151:
1130:
1052:
1039:
directly from the ovaries, co-incubation of eggs and sperm, as well as culture and selection of resultant embryos before
1032:
214:
but the latter two were not eligible for consideration as they had died and the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously.
10800:"Chandigarh IVF expert helps police arrest Delhi resident seeking sex selection | Chandigarh News β Times of India"
5888:
4280:"The effect of endometrial thickness and pattern measured by ultrasonography on pregnancy outcomes during IVF-ET cycles"
4142:
1515:. A Cochrane review found that hCG or progesterone given during the luteal phase may be associated with higher rates of
398:
been previously pregnant are in many cases more successful with IVF treatments than those who have never been pregnant.
14135:
13878:
12720:
12690:
8641:
Hug K (February 2008). "Motivation to donate or not donate surplus embryos for stem-cell research: literature review".
6390:"Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization"
5614:"Soluble HLA-G is an independent factor for the prediction of pregnancy outcome after ART: a German multi-centre study"
4568:"The transcriptome of follicular cells: biological insights and clinical implications for the treatment of infertility"
777:
reduces the chances of IVF producing a live birth by 34% and increases the risk of an IVF pregnancy miscarrying by 30%.
8471:
6812:"Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation: cross sectional study"
4167:
1906:
during IVF is no different from the risk in spontaneous conception. However, there is not enough evidence to say that
13913:
13778:
12949:
12585:
11733:
9617:
7556:
7523:
6706:"A systematic review of psychosocial factors associated with emotional adjustment in in vitro fertilization patients"
3198:
3138:
2824:
community the concept is debated as there is little precedent in traditional Jewish legal textual sources. Regarding
2408:
1946:
1779:
1685:
1569:
came to the result that there is no evidence of a beneficial effect of PGS with cleavage-stage biopsy as measured by
1562:
1557:
1229:
1199:
1078:
1006:
272:
2973:
donor's sperm and/or donor's eggs, his uterus, or a different uterus, whether that is a partner's or a surrogate's.
2308:
result in more deviant fetal growth curves, but birth weight does not seem to be a reliable marker of fetal stress.
1929:
In the United States, people seeking to be an embryo recipient undergo infectious disease screening required by the
14017:
13717:
13242:
12929:
12904:
12775:
11918:
11013:
5065:"Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice"
3363:
are too dangerous for the intended gestational carrier, or when a single man or a male couple wish to have a child.
3287:
3061:
2748:
2431:(HLA) for the donation of tissues to a sick family member, the diagnosis of genetic susceptibility to disease, and
2312:
2079:
1907:
1869:
1700:
1331:
356:
306:
260:
175:
163:
64:
10980:
2365:. Studies have shown a decrease in the risk of certain cancers and an increased risks of certain others including
14125:
14069:
13783:
13000:
12287:
12110:
11884:
11543:
11188:
11017:
2107:
10854:
9153:"Treatment-related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI"
7283:"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment: Part IβGeneral health outcomes"
13833:
13012:
12959:
11573:
11208:"Days after Alabama's Supreme Court ruling that frozen embryos are children, one facility pauses IVF treatment"
7898:"Does Advanced Maternal Age Comprise an Independent Risk Factor for Caesarean Section? A Population-Wide Study"
6750:"Risk factors for psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment"
5347:
4701:
3394:
2449:
For example, a deaf British couple, Tom and Paula Lichy, have petitioned to create a deaf baby using IVF. Some
1338:
988:
83:
10895:
3546:
2415:
or in the presence of legal measures related to population or demographic control, can lead to intentional or
406:
The live birth rate is the percentage of all IVF cycles that lead to a live birth. This rate does not include
13858:
13765:
13267:
13116:
12954:
12944:
12668:
12636:
12534:
11458:
8200:
3235:
3039:
2848:
are assumed to be with her husband. Regarding an IVF child, this assumption does not exist and as such Rabbi
2685:
1910:
procedures are safe in birthing people with hepatitis B in regard to vertical transmission to the offspring.
1273:
In the laboratory, for ICSI treatments, the identified eggs are stripped of surrounding cells (also known as
1252:
1246:
1036:
199:
10469:
9995:
9686:"Family Building in Transgender Patients: Modern Strategies with Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment"
9018:"Psychological adjustment in adolescents conceived by assisted reproduction techniques: a systematic review"
8340:"Experiences with Achieving Pregnancy and Giving Birth Among Transgender Men: A Narrative Literature Review"
5450:"Time of insemination culture and outcomes of in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
5388:
Humaidan P, Kol S, Papanikolaou EG, et al. (Copenhagen GnRH Agonist Triggering Workshop Group) (2011).
2767:
2272:, it is plausible, but too early to examine that male offspring are at higher risk for sperm abnormalities.
641:
The main potential factors that influence pregnancy (and live birth) rates in IVF have been suggested to be
13863:
13823:
13322:
12856:
12613:
12529:
11867:
7795:
7674:
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas e Biologicas
4463:"FMR1 genotype with autoimmunity-associated polycystic ovary-like phenotype and decreased pregnancy chance"
3117:
2419:
demographic effects such as the skewed live-birth sex ratios seen in China following implementation of its
2158:
1221:
1089:
10373:
2663:. As per The National Infertility Association, typically, genetic parents donate the eggs or embryos to a
2592:
in France showed no significant differences to IVF and naturally conceived children of cisgender parents.
1178:
to be approximately 1.3% per IVF cycle using no hyperstimulation drugs for women aged between 40 and 42.
764:
As maternal age increases, the likelihood of conception decreases and the chance of miscarriage increases.
14170:
14165:
14145:
13692:
13503:
13476:
12142:
12085:
11649:
10833:
4068:
1566:
1504:
1471:
1097:
863:
535:
10711:
10288:
10078:"Assisted reproductive technologies: International approaches to public funding mechanisms and criteria"
6796:
2563:, was decided unanimously by the California State Supreme Court in favour of Benitez on 19 August 2008.
1403:
1.3) among births having from embryos cultured until the blastocyst stage compared with cleavage stage.
135:
and letting a man's sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (
13898:
13735:
13493:
13418:
13388:
12708:
12673:
12663:
11703:
11585:
11536:
8948:
Drah B (2012). "Orphans in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Crisis, the Interventions, and the Anthropologist".
6611:
Siristatidis C, Sergentanis TN, Kanavidis P, Trivella M, Sotiraki M, Mavromatis I, et al. (2012).
5155:"Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer: backing clinical decisions with scientific and clinical evidence"
3129:
3003:. While IVF is available in Australia, Australians using IVF are unable to choose their baby's gender.
2355:
1822:. Cytoplasmic transfer was created to aid those who experience infertility due to deficient or damaged
1217:
1211:
757:
9151:
Beutel M, Kupfer J, Kirchmeyer P, Kehde S, KΓΆhn FM, Schroeder-Printzen I, et al. (January 1999).
8697:
8305:
8059:
6943:"Spontaneous conception after the birth of infants conceived through in vitro fertilization treatment"
6341:"Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection"
1326:
than 16 to 24 hours. In most cases, the egg will be fertilised during co-incubation and will show two
13948:
13560:
13300:
13224:
12466:
12336:
12294:
12155:
11329:
9684:
Ghofranian A, Aharon D, Friedenthal J, Hanley WJ, Lee JA, Daneyko M, et al. (2 September 2022).
6092:
3105:
2320:
2210:
2016:
1849:
1434:
1108:
844:
179:
10658:
10334:
7578:
1429:
system for IVF was approved for clinical use, morphokinetic scoring systems has shown to improve to
1062:
681:
14155:
13310:
12678:
12202:
12018:
11985:
11877:
11511:
9337:"The economic impact of assisted reproductive technology: a review of selected developed countries"
7417:
Williams CL, Bunch KJ, Stiller CA, Murphy MF, Botting BJ, Wallace WH, et al. (November 2013).
3248:
3146:
3065:
anonymity applies, but the born child can be given access to the donor's identity at a certain age
2881:
conception and enjoy fatherhood more. Some IVF parents become overly involved with their children.
2729:(2022), some antiabortionists had hoped to get a judgement that fetuses and embryos were "person".
2641:
2343:
2284:
2279:
Limited long-term follow-up data suggest that IVF may be associated with an increased incidence of
1879:
1592:
8816:
8508:
4899:
4261:
2045:
A review in 2013 came to the result that infants resulting from IVF (with or without ICSI) have a
14180:
13883:
13748:
13486:
13247:
13214:
13173:
12995:
12990:
12975:
12821:
12631:
12485:
12277:
11970:
11206:
Tamsett, Isabel Rosales, Christina Maxouris, Meg Tirrell, Chris Youd, Maxime (21 February 2024).
9964:
9947:
9923:
9906:
7594:"Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Prenatal Testing for Embryos Finally Achieving Its Potential"
4788:"Body mass index restrictions in fertility treatment: a national survey of OB/GYN subspecialists"
3992:
3750:
3482:
3414:
3296:
2760:
2672:
2668:
2416:
2132:
1667:
another pregnancy. Spare oocytes or embryos resulting from fertility treatments may be used for
1660:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1380:
1155:
977:
661:
37:
8917:
7508:
7458:
Marees T, Dommering CJ, Imhof SM, Kors WA, Ringens PJ, van Leeuwen FE, Moll AC (December 2009).
7115:"Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort"
6497:
5757:
Chavez-Badiola A, Farias AF, Mendizabal-Ruiz G, Drakeley AJ, Garcia-SΓ‘nchez R, Zhang JJ (2019).
14002:
13818:
13383:
13126:
13060:
13005:
12899:
12544:
12412:
12402:
12267:
11990:
11923:
11898:
11834:
11708:
11307:
10962:"Costa Rica Finally Allows In Vitro Fertilisation after 15-Year Ban | Inter Press Service"
10051:
8379:
Condat A, Mamou G, Lagrange C, Mendes N, Wielart J, Poirier F, et al. (19 November 2020).
6859:
Dayan N, Filion KB, Okano M, Kilmartin C, Reinblatt S, Landry T, et al. (September 2017).
5789:
5429:
3798:
Weiss NS, Braam S, KΓΆnig TE, Hendriks ML, Hamilton CJ, Smeenk JM, et al. (November 2014).
3389:
3383:
3133:
2618:
2605:
1950:
1749:
1290:
is prepared for fertilisation by removing inactive cells and seminal fluid in a process called
1183:
1147:
805:
721:
8594:"Destroying unwanted embryos in research. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research"
5302:
Fauser BC, Nargund G, Andersen AN, Norman R, Tarlatzis B, Boivin J, Ledger W (November 2010).
3663:
2913:
costs includes the cost of addressing any complications with treatments, compensation for the
1872:(ICSI), which was first applied in 1991, leads to slightly more female births (51.3% female).
14175:
14160:
13997:
13853:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13622:
13575:
13570:
13538:
13358:
12524:
12326:
12130:
11805:
8713:"The Alabama Embryo DecisionβThe Politics and Reality of Recognizing "Extrauterine Children""
4656:
Baker VL, Luke B, Brown MB, Alvero R, Frattarelli JL, Usadi R, et al. (September 2010).
4332:
Broer SL, van Disseldorp J, Broeze KA, Dolleman M, Opmeer BC, Bossuyt P, et al. (2012).
3696:
3404:
2914:
2845:
2832:(which may be regarded as "seed wasting"), laws related to sexual activity and menstruation (
2825:
2716:
2579:
2034:
1903:
1764:
1574:
1426:
1134:
1058:
696:
675:
613:
252:, that are commonly used in chemistry and biology labs. However, IVF is usually performed in
171:
10995:
8759:"Pope Benedict XVI Declares Embryos Developed For In Vitro Fertilization Have Right To Life"
4617:"Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1256:
eggs. The retrieval process, which lasts approximately 20 to 40 minutes, is performed under
1092:
analogues) are generally used under close monitoring. Such monitoring frequently checks the
14140:
14104:
14043:
13903:
13760:
13684:
13592:
13582:
13378:
13279:
13257:
13017:
12909:
12831:
12539:
12490:
11810:
11800:
11728:
11723:
11698:
11683:
11678:
8392:
8283:
6984:"Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
6401:
5803:
4474:
4194:"Predictive factors in in vitro fertilization (IVF): a systematic review and meta-analysis"
3350:
3227:
2184:
2119:
1791:
1396:
789:
668:
41:
33:
32:"IVF", "test tube baby", and "artificial fertilisation" redirect here. For other uses, see
8574:
7025:"Assisted reproductive technology and major structural birth defects in the United States"
6900:
Hunault CC, Habbema JD, Eijkemans MJ, Collins JA, Evers JL, te Velde ER (September 2004).
6792:
Drug-Induced Diseases Section IV: Drug-Induced Psychiatric Diseases Chapter 18: Depression
5153:
Evans J, Hannan NJ, Edgell TA, Vollenhoven BJ, Lutjen PJ, Osianlis T, et al. (2014).
4966:
Groeneveld E, Broeze KA, Lambers MJ, Haapsamo M, Dirckx K, Schoot BC, et al. (2011).
4192:
van Loendersloot LL, van Wely M, Limpens J, Bossuyt PM, Repping S, van der Veen F (2010).
3692:"Test tube triumph & tragedy β Nobel for UK scientist stirs memory of a Bengal doctor"
3500:
Gosden R (June 2018). "Jean Marian Purdy remembered β the hidden life of an IVF pioneer".
1719:, since once the egg is fertilised abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence
8:
14150:
14007:
13918:
13873:
13773:
13632:
13550:
13533:
13498:
13353:
13274:
13234:
13029:
12980:
12924:
12919:
12844:
12839:
12043:
12000:
11965:
11872:
11852:
11486:
11032:"Fiscal Note, HB 2159 β SB 2136, from Tennessee General Assembly Fiscal Review Committee"
10757:"Health ministry receives complaints against web giants for sex determination violations"
9880:
7861:
Warren MA (January 1988). "IVF and women's interests: an analysis of feminist concerns".
7064:
Davies MJ, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Van Essen P, Priest K, Scott H, et al. (May 2012).
6748:
Volgsten H, Skoog Svanberg A, Ekselius L, Lundkvist O, SundstrΓΆm Poromaa I (March 2010).
6660:
Sergentanis TN, Diamantaras AA, Perlepe C, Kanavidis P, Skalkidou A, Petridou ET (2013).
5546:
5007:
Manheimer E, van der Windt D, Cheng K, Stafford K, Liu J, Tierney J, et al. (2013).
3326:
3271:
3125:
3011:
2332:
2316:
2300:
2249:
2197:
2098:
2055:
2050:
1873:
1596:
1528:
1508:
1356:
1319:
1225:
1019:
725:
374:
11031:
10782:"To ensure prized baby boy, Indians flock to Bangkok | India News β Times of India"
9685:
8396:
6544:
Lutgens SP, Nelissen EC, van Loo IH, Koek GH, Derhaag JG, Dunselman GA (November 2009).
6405:
6208:
Fauser BC, Diedrich K, Bouchard P, DomΓnguez F, Matzuk M, Franks S, et al. (2011).
5807:
5390:"GnRH agonist for triggering of final oocyte maturation: time for a change of practice?"
4478:
3598:
3573:
2784:
as there are several characters who were claimed to be born without intercourse, mainly
14130:
13893:
13788:
13753:
13612:
13461:
13373:
13338:
13219:
13166:
13055:
13022:
12791:
12641:
12370:
12224:
11995:
11980:
11405:
11380:
10264:
10232:"Corrigendum. ART in Europe, 2015: results generated from European registries by ESHRE"
9861:
9804:
9779:
9725:
9661:
9634:
9508:
9459:
9201:
9182:
9169:
9152:
9133:
9098:
9042:
9017:
8965:
8904:
8618:
8593:
8415:
8380:
8356:
8339:
8181:
8138:
8118:
8060:
The Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (October 2009).
8034:
8017:
7932:
7897:
7874:
7694:
7669:
7620:
7593:
7566:
7348:
7323:
7139:
7114:
7095:
6836:
6811:
6642:
6475:
6448:
6424:
6389:
6365:
6340:
6234:
6209:
5950:
5917:
5865:
5848:
5824:
5791:
5720:
5695:
5515:
5284:
5130:
5105:
5033:
5008:
4943:
4918:
4876:
4851:
4812:
4787:
4592:
4567:
4497:
4462:
4306:
4279:
4121:
3864:
3525:
3434:
3154:
3060:
No egg or sperm donations take place in Croatia, however using donated sperm or egg in
2849:
2766:
The Catechism of the Catholic Church, in accordance with the Catholic understanding of
2428:
2412:
2067:
2027:
1976:
1261:
1257:
1191:
840:
741:
340:
11282:"Bills to protect in vitro fertilization pass in both chambers of Alabama Legislature"
9116:
Whittaker A (2009). "Global technologies and transnational reproduction in Thailand".
7730:
6959:
6942:
6861:"Cardiovascular Risk Following Fertility Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
5272:
5220:"Natural/mild assisted reproductive technologies: reducing cost and increasing safety"
4615:
Kasius A, Smit JG, Torrance HL, Eijkemans MJ, Mol BW, Opmeer BC, Broekmans FJ (2014).
3373:
of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents.
1100:, follicular growth. Typically approximately 10 days of injections will be necessary.
301:, were not eligible for consideration as the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously.
245:), where the tissue remains inside the living organism in which it is normally found.
13972:
13848:
13587:
13528:
13368:
13348:
13343:
13106:
12816:
12811:
12801:
12461:
12380:
12304:
12282:
11795:
11713:
11564:
11438:
11410:
11365:
11354:
11255:
11226:
11138:
10639:
10634:
10617:
10269:
10251:
10210:
10057:
10032:
10027:
10010:
9969:
9928:
9907:"Reproductive Rights and Access to Reproductive Services for Women with Disabilities"
9865:
9853:
9848:
9831:
9809:
9760:
9729:
9717:
9705:
9666:
9613:
9569:
9512:
9500:
9495:
9478:
9463:
9451:
9358:
9353:
9336:
9278:
9273:
9256:
9174:
9137:
9102:
9047:
8991:
8969:
8909:
8766:
8740:
8732:
8689:
8658:
8654:
8623:
8420:
8361:
8173:
8130:
8122:
8083:
8078:
8061:
8039:
7972:
7937:
7919:
7878:
7828:
7818:
7734:
7699:
7625:
7552:
7481:
7440:
7394:
7353:
7304:
7258:
7235:
7185:
7144:
7087:
7046:
7023:
Reefhuis J, Honein MA, Schieve LA, Correa A, Hobbs CA, Rasmussen SA (February 2009).
7005:
6964:
6923:
6882:
6841:
6771:
6766:
6749:
6727:
6683:
6634:
6567:
6521:
6516:
6499:
6480:
6429:
6370:
6321:
6280:
6275:
6258:
6239:
6190:
6185:
6168:
6123:
6042:
5996:
5955:
5870:
5829:
5775:
5758:
5725:
5676:
5671:
5654:
5635:
5594:
5550:
5507:
5471:
5411:
5325:
5276:
5241:
5176:
5135:
5086:
5038:
4989:
4948:
4881:
4817:
4741:
4736:
4719:
4679:
4674:
4657:
4638:
4597:
4548:
4502:
4437:
4396:
4355:
4311:
4251:
4215:
4125:
4113:
4108:
4091:
3856:
3821:
3748:
3644:
3639:
3622:
3603:
3517:
3342:
3150:
2621:
was created to help biological children with a common donor connect with each other.
2536:
2494:
2443:
2324:
2171:
2071:
2023:
2004:
2000:
1961:
1730:. For example, methods are emerging in making comprehensive analyses of up to entire
1578:
1166:
IVF using no drugs for ovarian hyperstimulation was the method for the conception of
899:
855:
688:
286:
183:
73:
10896:"CIDH Extends Deadline For Approval Of Law For In-Vitro Fertilization In Costa Rica"
10133:
9186:
8185:
8142:
8102:
7968:
7896:Ε Ε₯astnΓ‘, Anna; Fait, TomΓ‘Ε‘; KocourkovΓ‘, JiΕina; WaldaufovΓ‘, Eva (30 December 2022).
7099:
6646:
5519:
5288:
3868:
3252:
ruled that embryos created during in-vitro fertilisation are "extrauterine children"
843:
may also play a role in decreasing IVF success rates by interfering with the proper
414:; multiple-order births, such as twins and triplets, are counted as one pregnancy.
13943:
13555:
13428:
13423:
13317:
13080:
12985:
12934:
12806:
12796:
12744:
12023:
11790:
11785:
11400:
11392:
11361:
10922:
10629:
10259:
10243:
10022:
9959:
9918:
9843:
9799:
9791:
9752:
9713:
9697:
9656:
9646:
9605:
9561:
9490:
9443:
9409:
9376:
9348:
9268:
9213:
9164:
9125:
9090:
9037:
9029:
8957:
8899:
8891:
8830:
8724:
8650:
8613:
8605:
8490:
8410:
8400:
8351:
8165:
8114:
8073:
8029:
7964:
7927:
7909:
7870:
7726:
7689:
7681:
7615:
7605:
7471:
7460:"Incidence of retinoblastoma in Dutch children conceived by IVF: an expanded study"
7430:
7384:
7343:
7335:
7294:
7225:
7175:
7134:
7126:
7077:
7036:
6995:
6954:
6913:
6872:
6831:
6823:
6810:
Henriksson P, Westerlund E, WallΓ©n H, Brandt L, Hovatta O, Ekbom A (January 2013).
6761:
6717:
6673:
6624:
6557:
6511:
6470:
6460:
6419:
6409:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6311:
6270:
6229:
6221:
6180:
6145:
6115:
6032:
5986:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5860:
5819:
5811:
5770:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5666:
5625:
5584:
5542:
5499:
5461:
5401:
5315:
5268:
5231:
5166:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5076:
5028:
5020:
4979:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4807:
4799:
4731:
4669:
4628:
4587:
4579:
4538:
4492:
4482:
4458:
4427:
4386:
4345:
4301:
4291:
4205:
4103:
3848:
3811:
3634:
3593:
3585:
3529:
3509:
3323:
or who has a physical impairment which prevents full intercourse from taking place.
3320:
3218:
2957:
2821:
2781:
2696:
2689:
2664:
2420:
2374:
2362:
2296:
1771:
1727:
1716:
1652:
1282:
876:
871:
745:
737:
348:
11356:
Pandora's Baby: How the First Test Tube Babies Sparked the Reproductive Revolution
9601:
A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples, Fourth Edition
6498:
Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine (November 2008).
6093:"Souls On Ice: America's Embryo Glut and the Wasted Promise of Stem Cell Research"
6021:"Preimplantation genetic screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs"
5973:
Kyrou D, Kolibianakis EM, Fatemi HM, Tarlatzi TB, Devroey P, Tarlatzis BC (2011).
5696:"Time-lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction"
4090:
de La Rochebrochard E, Quelen C, Peikrishvili R, Guibert J, Bouyer J (July 2009).
3513:
1077:
menstruation. On the other hand, the GnRH antagonist protocol has a lower risk of
534:
Pregnancy rate may be defined in various ways. In the United States, SART and the
13992:
13707:
13602:
13471:
13363:
13252:
13201:
13111:
13070:
12914:
12519:
12375:
12239:
12197:
12058:
12033:
11957:
11847:
11829:
11775:
11659:
11516:
9756:
8405:
6119:
5436:
4487:
3780:
3589:
3360:
3316:
3153:
if they treat same sex couples differently from heterosexual ones. In July 2019
3078:
tourism, because of lower costs than in the Western world. In December 2021, the
3030:
Medicare card and have an official medical infertility diagnosis by a physician.
2852:(among others) requires an outside supervisor to positively identify the father.
2744:
2705:
2680:
2652:
2648:
2630:
2527:. Even after menopause, the uterus is fully capable of carrying out a pregnancy.
2502:
2269:
2236:
2008:
1990:
Regardless of pregnancy result, IVF treatment is usually stressful for patients.
1968:
1811:
1775:
1760:
1672:
1668:
1611:
1570:
1524:
1519:
or ongoing pregnancy, but that the evidence is not conclusive. Co-treatment with
1516:
1451:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1224:(hCG). Commonly, this is known as the "trigger shot." hCG acts as an analogue of
1175:
1159:
1141:
1073:
1040:
950:
943:
935:
883:
797:
781:
774:
391:
316:
294:
207:
178:, avoiding transmission of genetic conditions. A fertilised egg from a donor may
144:
128:
11528:
9565:
8485:
Motluk A (27 May 2011). "Canadian court bans anonymous sperm and egg donation".
7531:
7130:
5694:
Armstrong S, Bhide P, Jordan V, Pacey A, Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C (May 2019).
5204:
1470:
and cervix. Several embryos may be passed into the uterus to improve chances of
14038:
13953:
13659:
13607:
13305:
13075:
12562:
12389:
12365:
12309:
12187:
12182:
12172:
12160:
12038:
11822:
11693:
11639:
11107:
9447:
8961:
8527:"Donor-conceived children use Internet to find relatives and share information"
8156:
Appel JM (2006). "May doctors refuse infertility treatments to gay patients?".
6877:
6860:
6465:
6394:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6316:
6299:
5916:
van der Linden M, Buckingham K, Farquhar C, Kremer JA, Metwally M (July 2015).
5815:
5744:"ERICA Embryo Ranking | Artificial Intelligence for Assisted Reproduction"
4803:
3969:
3409:
3334:
2944:
2853:
2660:
2540:
2511:
2454:
2370:
2366:
2339:
2304:
1972:
1918:
1845:
1712:
1532:
1488:
1483:
1430:
1422:
1412:
1371:). Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in
1350:
1323:
1314:
The sperm and the egg are incubated together at a ratio of about 75,000:1 in a
1195:
939:
834:
819:
387:
344:
140:
12571:
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
11396:
10616:
Hammoud AO, Gibson M, Stanford J, White G, Carrell DT, Peterson M (May 2009).
9651:
9553:
9129:
9075:
8895:
8785:"Humanae Vitae: Encyclical of Pope Paul VI on the Regulation of Birth, sec 12"
7685:
7371:
Lazaraviciute G, Kauser M, Bhattacharya S, Haggarty P, Bhattacharya S (2014).
3719:
3574:"The current status of IVF: are we putting the needs of the individual first?"
3274:
voted to protect IVF providers and patients from criminal or civil liability.
2350:
of prematurity and low birthweight. Similarly, an IVF-associated incidence of
1584:
Still, as an expansion of IVF, patients who can benefit from PGS/PGD include:
1251:
The eggs are retrieved from the patient using a transvaginal technique called
14119:
14048:
13938:
13727:
13702:
13454:
13295:
13209:
13131:
13034:
12600:
12514:
12475:
12451:
12360:
12244:
12177:
12048:
11952:
11913:
11770:
11605:
11259:
11142:
10491:
10439:
10255:
10247:
9795:
9709:
9094:
8995:
8736:
8126:
7923:
7832:
6941:
Shimizu Y, Kodama H, Fukuda J, Murata M, Kumagai J, Tanaka T (January 1999).
6704:
Rockliff HE, Lightman SL, Rhidian E, Buchanan H, Gordon U, Vedhara K (2014).
5370:
4718:
Frattarelli JL, Miller KA, Miller BT, Elkind-Hirsch K, Scott RT (July 2008).
4414:
Simon L, Brunborg G, Stevenson M, Lutton D, McManus J, Lewis SE (July 2010).
4296:
3668:
3399:
3337:, since it is less expensive and more easy to control. It generally involves
3092:
3026:
2752:
2566:
2432:
2358:
are believed to be related to confounders of maternal and obstetric factors.
2223:
2090:
2046:
1984:
1892:
1853:
1803:
1799:
1735:
1604:
1512:
1388:
1368:
1360:
1315:
1291:
1278:
811:
700:
352:
113:
11423:
10231:
9558:
LGBTQ-Parent Families: Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice
9033:
7476:
7459:
7389:
7372:
7339:
7299:
7282:
7230:
7213:
7180:
7163:
7041:
7024:
7000:
6983:
6918:
6901:
6722:
6705:
6678:
6661:
6629:
6612:
6562:
6545:
6414:
6225:
6037:
6020:
5991:
5974:
5653:
Meseguer M, Rubio I, Cruz M, Basile N, Marcos J, Requena A (December 2012).
5630:
5613:
5589:
5572:
5466:
5449:
5406:
5389:
5320:
5303:
5171:
5154:
5081:
5064:
5024:
4984:
4967:
4633:
4616:
4583:
4543:
4526:
4432:
4416:"Clinical significance of sperm DNA damage in assisted reproduction outcome"
4415:
4391:
4374:
4350:
4333:
4210:
4193:
4089:
3816:
3799:
2725:
that cryopreserved embryos were "persons" or "extrauterine children". After
2679:
Alternatives to donating unused embryos are destroying them (or having them
1379:, but also confers a decreased number of embryos available for transfer and
14084:
13664:
13617:
13565:
13523:
13158:
13065:
12866:
12429:
12424:
12165:
12065:
12010:
11738:
11617:
11612:
11477:"US information, statistics, and lists on assisted reproductive technology"
11442:
11189:"Alabama Supreme Court rules frozen embryos are 'children' under state law"
10643:
10414:"RIP IVF? NHS cuts to fertility treatment 'will deny thousands parenthood'"
10273:
10036:
9973:
9932:
9857:
9813:
9764:
9721:
9701:
9670:
9504:
9455:
9362:
9282:
9051:
8913:
8880:"Making Muslim babies: IVF and gamete donation in Sunni versus Shi'a Islam"
8780:
8744:
8728:
8693:
8662:
8627:
8424:
8365:
8177:
8134:
8087:
7976:
7941:
7914:
7882:
7738:
7703:
7629:
7485:
7444:
7398:
7357:
7308:
7239:
7189:
7148:
7091:
7050:
7009:
6927:
6886:
6845:
6775:
6731:
6687:
6638:
6571:
6525:
6484:
6433:
6374:
6325:
6298:
Olivennes F, Mannaerts B, Struijs M, Bonduelle M, Devroey P (August 2001).
6284:
6243:
6194:
6127:
6046:
6000:
5959:
5874:
5833:
5756:
5729:
5680:
5639:
5598:
5554:
5475:
5415:
5329:
5280:
5245:
5180:
5139:
5090:
5042:
4993:
4952:
4885:
4821:
4745:
4683:
4642:
4601:
4552:
4506:
4441:
4400:
4359:
4315:
4219:
4117:
3860:
3825:
3648:
3607:
3521:
3338:
3000:
2829:
2280:
2063:
1934:
1823:
1756:
1704:
1677:
1520:
1500:
1492:
1274:
1233:
1187:
1167:
1085:
1069:
923:
859:
815:
793:
724:
is associated with lower pregnancy rates in IVF cycles in women undergoing
717:
642:
278:
256:, which are both wider and shallower and often used to cultivate cultures.
242:
218:
190:
121:
11414:
11379:
Hope T, Lockwood G, Lockwood M, Bewley S, Jackson J, Craft I (June 1995).
9609:
9335:
Chambers GM, Sullivan EA, Ishihara O, Chapman MG, Adamson GD (June 2009).
9218:
9178:
8609:
8494:
8169:
8043:
7435:
7418:
7082:
7065:
6968:
6257:
Illmensee K, Levanduski M, Vidali A, Husami N, Goudas VT (February 2010).
5759:"Artificial vision and machine learning designed to predict PGT-A results"
5511:
3751:"More than 8 million babies born from IVF since the world's first in 1978"
2478:
be treated through bio-medical procedures, but should be treated by them.
656:
320:
been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques.
14074:
13669:
13627:
13545:
12783:
12419:
12355:
12192:
12135:
12075:
12070:
11908:
11857:
11718:
11164:"Alabama court rules frozen embryos are children, chilling IVF advocates"
8712:
8711:
Feinberg, Rebecca S.; Sinha, Michael S.; Cohen, I. Glenn (4 March 2024).
3330:
2585:
1991:
1983:
of infertility itself. Nor does it seem to impart any increased risk for
1899:
1819:
1785:
1600:
1295:
1216:
When the ovarian follicles have reached a certain degree of development,
895:
887:
867:
785:
767:
With increasing paternal age, especially 50 years and older, the rate of
692:
629:
625:
407:
370:
334:
167:
11560:
10544:"Number of CCGs offering recommended cycles of IVF drops 50% in 4 years"
8062:"Access to fertility treatment by gays, lesbians, and unmarried persons"
8018:"A closer look at reproductive technology and postmenopausal motherhood"
7551:. Studien zum Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht. Vol. 2. Mohr Siebeck.
6610:
6546:"To do or not to do: IVF and ICSI in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers"
6338:
3841:
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
3776:"Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems"
1140:
IVF using ovarian hyperstimulation, including gonadotropins, but with a
127:("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's
14079:
13597:
13519:
13398:
13193:
13085:
12871:
11817:
11757:
11688:
7610:
7370:
6747:
6351:(8). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (published 21 August 2020): CD003416.
6339:
Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Kirubakaran R, Bhattacharya S (August 2020).
5503:
4917:
Siristatidis CS, Basios G, Pergialiotis V, Vogiatzi P (November 2016).
3621:
Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Franik S, Liu E, Sunkara SK (December 2019).
3213:
2524:
2347:
2328:
1980:
1743:
1720:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1400:
1392:
1364:
1104:
991: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
919:
818:
tubal occlusion before IVF treatment increases chances for people with
801:
768:
729:
411:
298:
253:
211:
58:
11503:
10981:"Australian court OKs fertility treatment for single people, lesbians"
10466:
Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems
9527:"Shared motherhood: The amazing way lesbian couples are having babies"
6827:
6659:
5941:
5915:
5371:"HCG Injection After Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate]"
5236:
5219:
4916:
4244:
Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems
4191:
3852:
3800:"How long should we continue clomiphene citrate in anovulatory women?"
1503:, and often accompanied by estradiol, to increase the success rate of
650:
95:
13189:
13039:
12849:
12207:
12080:
11940:
11930:
11765:
11743:
11670:
8381:"Transgender fathering: Children's psychological and family outcomes"
7644:"Fertility is an Equal-Opportunity Issue for Couples β Penn Medicine"
7162:
Pandey S, Shetty A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S, Maheshwari A (2012).
5448:
Zhang XD, Liu JX, Liu WW, Gao Y, Han W, Xiong S, et al. (2013).
3749:
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (3 July 2018).
3370:
3356:
3346:
3308:
3240:
3079:
2869:
2709:
2656:
2634:
2450:
2059:
1865:
1827:
1795:
1788:
can be used for twinning to increase the number of available embryos.
1539:
as adjunctive medication in IVF have no evidence of overall benefit.
1496:
1327:
1093:
915:
911:
907:
903:
646:
310:
249:
222:
156:
9830:
Leung A, Sakkas D, Pang S, Thornton K, Resetkova N (November 2019).
7815:
Drugs for life : how pharmaceutical companies define our health
6388:
Tan K, An L, Miao K, Ren L, Hou Z, Tao L, et al. (March 2016).
6108:
European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
4717:
3775:
1265:
transferred to the embryology laboratory for subsequent processing.
966:
13958:
13674:
13090:
12590:
12407:
12321:
12299:
12219:
12120:
12028:
11935:
11862:
11780:
11600:
10705:
10703:
8220:"California Doctors Can't Refuse Care to Gays on Religious Grounds"
6018:
5106:"Natural cycle in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for subfertile couples"
5006:
4852:"Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews"
4786:
Kelley AS, Badon SE, Lanham MS, Fisseha S, Moravek MB (June 2019).
3366:
2837:
2813:
2439:
2292:
2288:
1995:
1914:
1864:
Certain kinds of IVF have been shown to lead to distortions in the
1739:
1615:
1463:
931:
825:
Success with previous pregnancy and/or live birth increases chances
609:
289:, the physiologist who co-developed the treatment, was awarded the
234:
206:
in 2010. The physiologist co-developed the treatment together with
148:
124:
11468:
10159:
6297:
6259:"Human embryo twinning with applications in reproductive medicine"
4524:
3465:"World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own"
2078:
Risk in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF (with or without
13481:
12509:
12480:
12456:
12438:
12234:
12214:
10193:
9683:
9433:
7902:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
4331:
4035:
3730:. Educational Multimedia Research Centre, Kolkata. 23 August 2013
3726:
3312:
3263:
3034:
2789:
2530:
2403:
1921:
Hospital, located in Tokyo, to use IVF for couples with HIV, the
1551:
1536:
1417:
Laboratories have developed grading methods to judge ovocyte and
238:
10878:"La Costa Rica catΓ³lica se atasca con la fertilizaciΓ³n in vitro"
10700:
7161:
6809:
5258:
3435:"Louise Brown: World's first IVF baby's family archive unveiled"
1818:, usually that of the person who provided the recipient egg and
1107:(hMG), which is obtained by donation of menopausal women. Other
347:, making in vivo fertilisation difficult. It can also assist in
13987:
13449:
13444:
12347:
12229:
12053:
11975:
11634:
11629:
11624:
9632:
9334:
7895:
6703:
6447:
Lou H, Li N, Zhang X, Sun L, Wang X, Hao D, Cui S (July 2020).
6256:
6207:
5972:
4965:
4373:
Iliodromiti S, Kelsey TW, Wu O, Anderson RA, Nelson SM (2014).
3962:"2006 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Report: Section 2"
2833:
2785:
2507:
2438:
These examples raise ethical issues because of the morality of
2351:
1815:
1731:
1467:
1418:
466:
282:
195:
152:
136:
10944:"Court strikes down Costa Rican ban on in-vitro fertilization"
10229:
10197:. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022
9477:
Kirubarajan A, Patel P, Leung S, Park B, Sierra S (May 2021).
7524:"Reproductive Clinic Uses RFID to Guarantee Parental Identity"
6899:
6662:"IVF and breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1511:, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the
14033:
13697:
13466:
12109:
11644:
11595:
11248:"Alabama lawmakers pass legislation to protect IVF treatment"
11056:"SB 0078 by Stanley, Bunch. (HB 0605 by DeBerry J, Hensley.)"
10915:"Human-rights court orders world's last IVF ban to be lifted"
9560:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 143β160,
6982:
Hansen M, Kurinczuk JJ, Milne E, de Klerk N, Bower C (2013).
5849:"Recurrent implantation failure: the role of the endometrium"
5743:
5611:
4702:
2015 Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report
4525:
Venetis CA, Kolibianakis EM, Bosdou JK, Tarlatzis BC (2013).
3623:"Clinical adjuncts in in vitro fertilization: a growing list"
3074:
2796:
2777:
2624:
2268:
If the underlying infertility is related to abnormalities in
1807:
1287:
1144:
protocol so that the cycle initiates from natural mechanisms.
1028:
132:
9239:
7113:
Zhu JL, Basso O, Obel C, Bille C, Olsen J (September 2006).
6981:
5430:
https://techxplore.online/ivf-process-methods-and-solutions/
5152:
4413:
3203:
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994
3014:
supervised the first Cameroonian child born by IVF in 1998.
2755:, on the grounds that they separate the procreative goal of
1967:
IVF does not seem to be associated with an elevated risk of
1940:
12314:
11422:
Seng SW, Yeong CT, Loh SF, Sadhana N, Loh SK (March 2005).
11131:"Alabama supreme court rules frozen embryos are 'children'"
9633:
Hoffkling A, Obedin-Maliver J, Sevelius J (November 2017).
9150:
7991:"At 74, Andhra Woman Becomes The Oldest-Ever To Give Birth"
7419:"Cancer risk among children born after assisted conception"
7063:
7022:
6210:"Contemporary genetic technologies and female reproduction"
6166:
5532:
5301:
4614:
4372:
3234:
Federal regulations in the United States include screening
2771:
2396:
2392:
1708:
1684:
ability to store the embryos while awaiting the results of
1458:
927:
707:
277:
The first successful birth of a child after IVF treatment,
117:
11378:
10615:
10518:"CCGs propose range of new rationing cuts to fill deficit"
10440:"IVF costs to NHS 'must be capped', says fertility expert"
10314:"Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020"
9202:"European Court of Human Rights: Consent to IVF treatment"
7416:
6543:
6167:
French DB, Sabanegh ES, Goldfarb J, Desai N (March 2010).
6019:
Mastenbroek S, Twisk M, van der Veen F, Repping S (2011).
4053:
3620:
2461:
such traits intentionally would be far more troublesome."
1798:
from a donor egg is injected into an egg with compromised
377:, since the latter is expensive and more easy to control.
373:, it may be an alternative after 7β12 attempted cycles of
12125:
11424:"In-vitro fertilisation in women aged 40 years and above"
9742:
9476:
8378:
7066:"Reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects"
6940:
6858:
5693:
5612:
Rebmann V, Switala M, Eue I, Grosse-Wilde H (July 2010).
5103:
934:) has not been associated with a significantly increased
12576:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
11082:"Tennessee Seeking To Ban IVF For Unmarried Individuals"
10592:"Regulator says IVF cuts put mothers and babies at risk"
9598:
Bayer SR (2017). Bayer SR, Alper MM, Penzias AS (eds.).
9254:
8103:"No Detrimental Effects in Children of Same-Sex Parents"
7457:
7364:
7257:(7th ed.). Pearson Learning Solutions. p. 67.
6105:
4785:
4457:
2560:
North Coast Women's Care Medical Group v. Superior Court
1607:, wherein a fetus is aborted if having an undesired sex.
1581:
are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGS.
831:
The number of embryos transferred in the treatment cycle
11381:"Should older women be offered in vitro fertilisation?"
10682:"Discover Infertility Treatment Coverage by U.S. State"
10189:"China to discourage abortions to boost low birth rate"
10050:
Gates Jr HL, Akyeampong E, Niven SJ (2 February 2012).
10049:
9829:
8276:"Octomom's Doctor Tearfully Apologizes, Admits Mistake"
6699:
6697:
5918:"Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles"
5846:
5652:
5387:
3797:
2523:
child, they have a physical link through pregnancy and
1084:
For the ovarian hyperstimulation in itself, injectable
10570:"CCGs warned policies could break discrimination laws"
10011:"Australian attitudes toward sex-selection technology"
9778:
Obedin-Maliver, Juno; Makadon, Harvey J (March 2016).
5488:
3197:
In India, the use of IVF as a means of sex selection (
3165:
which would increase NHS costs. The president of the
2875:
2739:
Religious response to assisted reproductive technology
1306:
714:
have significantly decreased pregnancy chances in IVF.
12266:
9904:
9777:
9255:
Chambers GM, Adamson GD, Eijkemans MJ (August 2013).
8449:
8437:
7667:
5911:
5909:
4366:
12774:
11493:
10546:. Healthcare Leader. 30 October 2017. Archived from
10183:
10181:
9303:"Coverage and Use of Fertility Services in the U.S."
6694:
5104:
Allersma T, Farquhar C, Cantineau AE (August 2013).
4849:
4655:
4565:
3886:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) Results β Mayo Clinic"
3838:
3266:'s bans on abortion prohibit IVF as well, while the
1945:
A risk of ovarian stimulation is the development of
1626:, or preferably trophectoderm cells biopsied from a
1588:
Those who have a family history of inherited disease
1125:
There are several methods termed natural cycle IVF:
11421:
11322:
10520:. Healthcare Leader. 16 August 2017. Archived from
9771:
8519:
8242:"Bob Doctors can't use bias to deny gays treatment"
8235:
8233:
7955:Smajdor A (May 2011). "The ethics of IVF over 40".
7668:Damian BB, Bonetti TC, Horovitz DD (January 2015).
6586:"Japan Bans in Vitro Fertilisation for HIV Couples"
5570:
4765:"Regulated fertility services: a commissioning aid"
3547:"After IVF, some couples get pregnant without help"
1834:
804:, as well as leading to an increased risk of fetal
653:. Optimal age is 23β39 years at time of treatment.
131:, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their
11353:
10043:
9552:Berkowitz D (2020), Goldberg AE, Allen KR (eds.),
9009:
8710:
8261:"License hearing for Octomom doctor resumes in LA"
8100:
7779:Appel J (12 March 2009). More 'designer' options.
7501:"Mother wins $ 1m for IVF mix-up but may lose son"
7321:
6014:
6012:
6010:
5906:
5847:Timeva T, Shterev A, Kyurkchiev S (October 2014).
5304:"Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF: 10 years later"
1523:appears to improve outcomes, by a live birth rate
1081:(OHSS), which is a life-threatening complication.
828:Low alcohol/caffeine intake increases success rate
671:that affect the pregnancy chances of IVF include:
155:, with the intention of establishing a successful
13148:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
11558:
10819:"Islam, IVF and Everyday Life in the Middle East"
10730:"China Bars In-Vitro Fertilization for Pregnancy"
10178:
10134:"Infertility Treatment β Special Assistance Fund"
9881:"Transgender Pregnancy Options for Men and Women"
9429:
9427:
8545:"Donor Embryo: Online Guide for Potential Donors"
8478:
7112:
3880:
3878:
3793:
3791:
3571:
3268:University of Alabama at Birmingham health system
3167:Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
3122:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
2361:Overall, IVF does not cause an increased risk of
1778:can be chosen. It can also be used as a means of
364:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
14117:
10732:. Redorbit.com. 12 November 2003. Archived from
10215:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
9898:
9402:"Chapter 11: Assisted Reproductive Technologies"
9069:
9067:
9065:
9063:
9061:
8831:"Catechism of the Catholic Church. Section 2377"
8591:
8230:
8201:"State high court may give gays another victory"
7412:
7410:
7408:
7315:
4461:, Weghofer A, Lee IH, Barad DH (December 2010).
4453:
4451:
3940:"Success rate climbs for in vitro fertilisation"
3116:Availability of IVF in England is determined by
2022:Studies show that there is an increased risk of
2003:, but not with any increased risk of developing
678:, with higher count giving higher success rates.
10676:
10674:
10672:
10008:
9301:Weigel G, Ranji U, Long M (15 September 2020).
9300:
9240:Keane M, Long J, O'Nolan G, Faragher L (2017).
9076:""It's different for men": masculinity and IVF"
8455:
6007:
5566:
5564:
5146:
5062:
4707:(Report). US Dept of Health and Human Services.
2956:pregnant transgender men is the possibility of
2902:
2263:
1886:
1491:is the administration of medication, generally
1355:The main durations of embryo culture are until
11245:
10400:"Fertility problems: assessment and treatment"
9905:Silvers A, Francis L, Badesch B (April 2016).
9424:
9248:
8501:
8464:"The Untold Story of Donor-Conceived Children"
8337:
7276:
7274:
6539:
6537:
6535:
5447:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5052:
4608:
3875:
3788:
2976:
2893:
2651:, these extra embryos are given to others for
2531:Same-sex couples, single and unmarried parents
2404:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis or screening
1552:Preimplantation genetic screening or diagnosis
1433:further. However, when all different types of
1186:) to a standard treatment (stimulation with a
13174:
12760:
11544:
10686:RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association
10458:
9945:
9825:
9823:
9593:
9591:
9436:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
9257:"Acceptable cost for the patient and society"
9058:
9015:
8985:"How the Pineapple Became the Icon of I.V.F."
8338:Besse M, Lampe NM, Mann ES (September 2020).
8333:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8319:
7854:
7451:
7405:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7199:
6865:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
6446:
5492:Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
4448:
4271:
4137:
4135:
3993:"Study: Sixth Time May Be Charm For In Vitro"
3541:
3539:
1844:The major complication of IVF is the risk of
1205:
1035:to generate multiple eggs, ultrasound-guided
13188:
11464:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
11231:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
10996:"Lesbian community welcomes Vic IVF changes"
10978:
10669:
9965:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.4.ecas2-1604
9924:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.4.msoc1-1604
9144:
8779:
8055:
8053:
6975:
6588:. Infoniac.com. 21 July 2008. Archived from
6387:
5889:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) β Mayo Clinic"
5571:Dar S, Lazer T, Shah PS, Librach CL (2014).
5561:
5381:
5252:
5200:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
5097:
4779:
4327:
4325:
4143:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) β Mayo Clinic"
4065:Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
3933:
3931:
3495:
3493:
3319:relationship but with a male partner who is
3270:paused IVF treatments. Eight days later the
3162:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
2727:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2517:
1268:
351:, in those cases where there is a defect in
10611:
10609:
9396:
9394:
9392:
9390:
9296:
9294:
9292:
9206:International Journal of Constitutional Law
9073:
8568:
8566:
8306:"Michael Kamrava's medical license revoked"
7754:"Of course a deaf couple want a deaf child"
7271:
6743:
6741:
6532:
6345:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5922:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5700:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5110:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5049:
4923:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4910:
4856:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4695:
4693:
4277:
1220:is performed, generally by an injection of
1046:
645:, duration of infertility or subfertility,
390:, or the number of live births, called the
13181:
13167:
12767:
12753:
12627:International Center for Research on Women
11551:
11537:
11482:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
10594:. Health Service Journal. 4 September 2018
9988:"More IVF babies but less multiple births"
9820:
9588:
8823:
8806:
8804:
8802:
8575:"What happens to extra embryos after IVF?"
8316:
8101:Mechcatie E, Rosenberg K (November 2018).
7280:
7211:
7196:
7155:
6201:
6062:"Saviour Sibling Cures Sick Older Brother"
4850:Farquhar C, Marjoribanks J (August 2018).
4520:
4518:
4516:
4132:
3966:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3742:
3664:"India reveals deep-frozen test-tube baby"
3536:
3260:American Society for Reproductive Medicine
2932:
2722:LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine
2625:Leftover embryos or eggs, unwanted embryos
2453:have been very critical of this approach.
2315:, is associated with an increased risk of
78:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
57:
27:Assisted reproductive technology procedure
11404:
10912:
10659:"Where Families Are Prized, Help Is Free"
10633:
10572:. Health Service Journal. 9 November 2017
10263:
10026:
9963:
9922:
9847:
9803:
9660:
9650:
9551:
9494:
9352:
9272:
9217:
9168:
9115:
9041:
8903:
8617:
8414:
8404:
8355:
8217:
8077:
8050:
8033:
7983:
7931:
7913:
7796:"Winston: IVF clinics corrupt and greedy"
7693:
7619:
7609:
7475:
7434:
7388:
7347:
7298:
7229:
7179:
7138:
7081:
7040:
6999:
6958:
6917:
6876:
6835:
6765:
6721:
6677:
6628:
6561:
6515:
6474:
6464:
6423:
6413:
6364:
6315:
6274:
6233:
6184:
6036:
5990:
5949:
5864:
5853:Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
5823:
5774:
5719:
5670:
5629:
5588:
5465:
5405:
5319:
5235:
5170:
5129:
5080:
5032:
4983:
4942:
4875:
4811:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4735:
4673:
4632:
4591:
4542:
4496:
4486:
4431:
4390:
4349:
4322:
4305:
4295:
4209:
4107:
3990:
3937:
3928:
3815:
3661:
3638:
3597:
3490:
3458:
3456:
1941:Other risks to the egg provider/retriever
1387:. There are significantly higher odds of
1007:Learn how and when to remove this message
11308:"Frozen Embryos and Divorce in Illinois"
10606:
10492:"NHS access to IVF being cut in England"
10009:Kippen R, Evans A, Gray E (April 2011).
9387:
9289:
9244:(Report). Dublin: Health Research Board.
9199:
8675:
8563:
8452:, Β§ "Fertility and achieving pregnancy".
8344:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
7845:
7521:
6738:
5646:
4690:
4566:Fragouli E, Lalioti MD, Wells D (2013).
4011:"Final National Summary Report for 2021"
3911:"Final National Summary Report for 2021"
3768:
2950:
2493:
1859:
1305:
1018:
655:
636:
11205:
10875:
8799:
8258:
7954:
7716:
7544:
7322:Bloise E, Feuer SK, Rinaudo PF (2014).
6059:
5605:
5346:. Infertility.about.com. Archived from
5344:"IVF Treatment Step Four: Final Oocyte"
5217:
4513:
4278:Zhao J, Zhang Q, Li Y (November 2012).
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
3462:
1023:A graphic explaining the details of IVF
664:is associated with better IVF outcomes.
67:, the most commonly used IVF technique.
14:
14118:
11305:
11246:Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (1 March 2024).
11128:
10853:. Ivfcostworldwide.com. Archived from
10754:
10286:
10160:"Ontario Fertility: Funding Explained"
9330:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9322:
8982:
8877:
8853:"Science in hinduism-Test tube babies"
8813:"Reconciling religion and infertility"
8484:
8273:
8239:
7860:
7751:
6453:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
6160:
5368:
4892:
4752:
4284:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
3499:
3453:
2859:
2808:use of a third party is tantamount to
2573:
2464:
2380:
2013:gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
1923:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
1774:, the oocytes with optimal chances of
1111:are FSH+LH or coripholitropine alpha.
649:and number of oocytes, all reflecting
13162:
12748:
12346:
11532:
11351:
11279:
11129:Walker, Adria R. (20 February 2024).
11058:. Wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Archived from
10993:
10950:. Associated Press. 22 December 2012.
10826:AIME: Anthropology of the Middle East
10709:
10656:
9597:
9377:"Call for infertility care awareness"
8592:Douglas T, Savulescu J (April 2009).
8198:
8155:
8015:
7817:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7812:
7778:
7591:
7498:
6788:
6090:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
3315:relationship or females who are in a
3073:The penetration of the IVF market in
2732:
1723:development or blastocyst morphology.
291:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
204:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
36:. For other reproduction topics, see
12715:
12609:Office of Research on Women's Health
11459:"UK IVF clinics and statistics]"
11330:"Demystifying IUI, ICI, IVI and IVF"
8947:
8810:
8572:
8461:
7252:
5547:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.11.018
4919:"Aspirin for in vitro fertilisation"
4226:
3256:The National Infertility Association
1218:induction of final oocyte maturation
1121:Natural cycle in vitro fertilisation
989:adding citations to reliable sources
960:
744:, which are easily aspirated during
343:when it is due to problems with the
14013:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth
12727:
12647:Society for Women's Health Research
12581:International Day of the Girl Child
10360:"Three IVF attempts double chances"
9994:. 24 September 2009. Archived from
9946:Acharya K, Lantos JD (April 2016).
9878:
9319:
8640:
8440:, Β§ "Psychological considerations".
7793:
7423:The New England Journal of Medicine
7070:The New England Journal of Medicine
5428:IVF Process, Methods and Solutions
3572:eClinicalMedicine (November 2023).
3307:of semen. It requires that a woman
2937:
2876:Emotional involvement with children
2688:and the definition and/or value of
2599:
2146:hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
2015:(GnRH agonist) are associated with
1694:
1637:
1406:
1053:Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
619:
24:
12691:Birth control in the United States
11344:
10816:
10712:"Motherhood: Is It Ever Too Late?"
9170:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02839.x
8119:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000547663.85215.a6
7875:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1988.tb00034.x
7255:Infants, Children, and Adolescents
4828:
3954:
2409:Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
2346:are believed to be related to the
1949:, particularly if hCG is used for
1839:
1445:
1294:. If semen is being provided by a
736:Characteristics of cells from the
608:discontinuation was mainly due to
401:
309:, a physician and researcher from
25:
14192:
12950:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
12586:Commission on the Status of Women
11596:External female genitalia (vulva)
11451:
8855:. 20 October 2013. Archived from
8450:Obedin-Maliver & Makadon 2016
8438:Obedin-Maliver & Makadon 2016
3199:preimplantation genetic diagnosis
3111:
2795:Regarding the response to IVF by
2498:Normal vaginal canal vs menopause
2481:
1951:inducing final oocyte maturation.
1947:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
1780:preimplantation genetic screening
1614:" that matches the sick child in
1603:. It can potentially be used for
1563:Preimplantation genetic screening
1558:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
1531:+10 to +22%). On the other hand,
1477:
1344:
1230:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
1079:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
624:According to a study done by the
529:
273:History of in vitro fertilisation
14018:Postpartum physiological changes
13718:Postpartum physiological changes
13243:Assisted reproductive technology
12930:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
12905:Autologous endometrial coculture
12776:Assisted reproductive technology
12726:
12714:
12703:
12702:
11919:Assisted reproductive technology
11559:
11299:
11273:
11239:
11199:
11181:
11156:
11122:
11096:
11074:
11048:
11024:
11006:
10987:
10972:
10954:
10936:
10913:Catanzaro M (28 December 2012).
10906:
10888:
10869:
10843:
10810:
10792:
10774:
10748:
10722:
10650:
10635:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038
10584:
10562:
10536:
10510:
10484:
10432:
10406:
10392:
10366:
10352:
10327:
10306:
10280:
10223:
10152:
10126:
10096:
10070:
10028:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.050
10002:
9980:
9939:
9872:
9849:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.014
9736:
9677:
9626:
9545:
9519:
9496:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.002
9470:
9369:
9354:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.029
9274:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.017
9233:
9200:Thornton, Rosy (21 March 2008).
9193:
9109:
9074:Throsby K, Gill R (April 2004).
8976:
8941:
8932:
8884:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
8871:
8845:
8773:
8751:
8704:
8669:
8655:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.017
8634:
8585:
8537:
8443:
8431:
8372:
8298:
8267:
8252:
8211:
8192:
8149:
8094:
8079:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.977
8009:
7948:
7889:
7850:. Liberation or Loss?. Canberra.
7839:
7806:
7787:
7772:
7745:
7710:
7661:
7636:
7585:
7538:
7515:
7492:
7246:
6767:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.11.008
6517:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.040
6276:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.098
6186:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.051
6066:The Daily Telegraph, Health News
5776:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.715
5672:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.016
4737:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.009
4675:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.986
4109:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.067
3938:Branswell H (15 December 2008).
3662:Jayaraman KS (19 October 1978).
3640:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.019
3288:Assisted reproductive technology
3172:
2749:assisted reproductive technology
2040:
1870:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
1835:Complications and health effects
1701:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
1573:. On the contrary, for those of
1332:intracytoplasmic sperm injection
1301:
1240:
1072:protocol or a (usually shorter)
965:
566:Positive pregnancy test rate (%)
380:
357:intracytoplasmic sperm injection
261:assisted reproductive technology
176:pre-implantation genetic testing
164:assisted reproductive technology
65:intracytoplasmic sperm injection
14070:Adaptation to extrauterine life
11885:Breastfeeding and mental health
11018:US Food and Drug Administration
10851:"IVF Prohibition In Costa Rica"
10110:. 19 April 2013. Archived from
10053:Dictionary of African Biography
9780:"Transgender men and pregnancy"
9408:. 3 August 2015. Archived from
7969:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.012
7719:Reproductive Biomedicine Online
7106:
7057:
7016:
6934:
6893:
6852:
6803:
6795:. pp. 1β23. Archived from
6782:
6653:
6604:
6578:
6491:
6440:
6381:
6332:
6291:
6250:
6134:
6099:
6084:
6053:
5966:
5881:
5840:
5783:
5750:
5736:
5687:
5526:
5482:
5441:
5422:
5362:
5336:
5295:
5211:
5187:
5063:La Marca A, Sunkara SK (2014).
5000:
4959:
4900:"Factors affecting IVF success"
4711:
4649:
4559:
4407:
4185:
4160:
4083:
4028:
4003:
3991:Neighmond P (21 January 2009).
3984:
3903:
3832:
3281:
3189:
2828:, religious challenges include
2338:An IVF-associated incidence of
1686:preimplantation genetic testing
1595:. This can be used to diagnose
976:needs additional citations for
839:Some studies also suggest that
323:
13713:Maternal physiological changes
13013:Gamete intrafallopian transfer
12960:Zygote intrafallopian transfer
8259:Mohajer ST (25 October 2010).
8218:Goldstein J (19 August 2008).
7522:Swedberg C (15 October 2007).
6357:10.1002/14651858.CD003416.pub5
6142:"Genetics & IVF Institute"
5934:10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub3
5712:10.1002/14651858.CD011320.pub4
5122:10.1002/14651858.CD010550.pub2
4935:10.1002/14651858.CD004832.pub4
4868:10.1002/14651858.CD010537.pub5
4771:. 18 June 2009. Archived from
3712:
3684:
3655:
3614:
3565:
3427:
3395:European Court of Human Rights
3292:Some alternatives to IVF are:
2884:
2049:of birth defects of 1.32 (95%
1913:Regarding potential spread of
1421:quality. In order to optimise
1339:gamete intrafallopian transfer
1114:
328:
228:
13:
1:
13268:partner-assisted reproduction
13117:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
12945:Partner-assisted reproduction
12535:Social determinants of health
11084:. Eggdonor.com. 31 March 2009
9016:Ilioi EC, Golombok S (2014).
8956:(2 (Winter2012 2012)): 3β21.
7731:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62195-5
6960:10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00417-8
5273:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60360-2
3514:10.1080/14647273.2017.1351042
3463:Moreton C (14 January 2007).
3420:
3369:whereby a person assumes the
3262:that the decision would mean
3236:requirements and restrictions
3118:Clinical Commissioning Groups
3040:Ontario Health Insurance Plan
2989:
2686:beginning of human personhood
1707:is injected directly into an
1542:
1367:stage (day five or six after
1247:Transvaginal oocyte retrieval
1105:human menopausal gonadotropin
1037:transvaginal oocyte retrieval
847:of the embryo after transfer.
722:induction of final maturation
12530:Gender disparities in health
11868:Mother-to-child transmission
11280:Davis, Erin (1 March 2024).
10994:Hoare D (15 December 2007).
10979:O'Connor P (18 April 2002).
10755:Sharma NC (5 January 2018).
9757:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002036
9639:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
8509:"'My Daddy's Name is Donor'"
8406:10.1371/journal.pone.0241214
8274:Breuer H (22 October 2010).
7598:Journal of Clinical Medicine
6500:"Hepatitis and reproduction"
6120:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.11.004
6091:Mundy L (JulyβAugust 2006).
4488:10.1371/journal.pone.0015303
4250:. London: RCOG Press. 2004.
4061:"2019 Clinic Summary Report"
3590:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102343
3145:IVF increasingly appears on
2994:
2903:Availability and utilisation
2856:has generally approved IVF.
2667:where they are preserved by
2291:composition, advancement of
2264:Other risks to the offspring
2159:preterm rupture of membranes
1931:Food and Drug Administration
1887:Spread of infectious disease
1826:, contained within an egg's
1802:. The resulting egg is then
1659:before fertilisation, or as
1567:randomised controlled trials
1222:human chorionic gonadotropin
1109:pharmacological preparations
864:randomised controlled trials
339:IVF may be used to overcome
7:
13504:Traditional birth attendant
12955:Transvaginal ovum retrieval
12143:Pelvic inflammatory disease
12086:Hormone replacement therapy
11650:Reproductive system disease
10108:Government of New Brunswick
9566:10.1007/978-3-030-35610-1_8
8983:Lorenz T (2 October 2019).
8878:Inhorn MC (December 2006).
8573:Beil L (1 September 2009).
8240:Egelko B (19 August 2008).
8107:American Journal of Nursing
7131:10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE
3377:
3353:or artificial insemination.
3006:
2977:Use by disabled individuals
2894:Ability to withdraw consent
2108:BeckwithβWiedemann syndrome
1466:, which goes through their
1162:in a later, natural, cycle.
1098:gynecologic ultrasonography
760:of outcome of IVF include:
706:People with ovary-specific
586:Clinical pregnancy rate (%)
536:Centers for Disease Control
174:, and, in combination with
10:
14197:
13736:Brain health and pollution
12637:Black Women's Health Study
11704:Complications of pregnancy
11106:. Tnep.org. Archived from
10876:Murillo Γ (12 July 2011).
10832:(1): 37β45. Archived from
10374:"IVF, provrΓΆrsbefruktning"
9448:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.046
8962:10.2979/africatoday.59.2.3
8158:The Hastings Center Report
7752:Lawson D (11 March 2008).
7281:Hart R, Norman RJ (2013).
7212:Hart R, Norman RJ (2013).
6878:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.753
6466:10.1186/s12958-020-00623-x
6144:. Givf.com. Archived from
5816:10.1038/s41598-020-61357-9
5369:Kovacs P (23 April 2004).
4804:10.1007/s10815-019-01448-3
3301:intracervical insemination
3285:
2736:
2628:
2617:In 2000, a website called
2603:
2577:
2545:A 2009 statement from the
2534:
2385:
2356:attention-deficit disorder
1641:
1555:
1481:
1449:
1410:
1348:
1244:
1212:Final maturation induction
1209:
1206:Final maturation induction
1118:
1050:
332:
270:
266:
31:
14136:Female genital procedures
14097:
14062:
14026:
13980:
13971:
13949:Chorionic villus sampling
13931:
13726:
13683:
13652:
13645:
13512:
13437:
13406:
13397:
13331:
13301:Obstetric ultrasonography
13288:
13233:
13225:Pre-conception counseling
13200:
13140:
13122:Religious response to ART
13099:
13048:
12968:
12887:
12830:
12782:
12698:
12655:
12614:Women's Health Initiative
12599:
12561:
12552:
12501:
12467:Major depressive disorder
12335:
12295:Intimate partner violence
12257:
12156:Female genital mutilation
12151:
12100:
12009:
11951:
11897:
11843:
11756:
11669:
11658:
11584:
11571:
11497:
11431:Singapore Medical Journal
11397:10.1136/bmj.310.6992.1455
11306:Knight RD (30 May 2020).
10710:Appel JS (15 July 2009).
10104:"Medicare and Drug Plans"
10056:. OUP USA. pp. 25β.
9745:Obstetrics and Gynecology
9652:10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5
9130:10.1080/10357820903154101
9022:Human Reproduction Update
8896:10.1007/s11013-006-9027-x
8547:. RESOLVE. Archived from
7686:10.1590/1414-431X20144083
7377:Human Reproduction Update
7328:Human Reproduction Update
7287:Human Reproduction Update
7253:Berk LE (December 2010).
7218:Human Reproduction Update
7168:Human Reproduction Update
6988:Human Reproduction Update
6710:Human Reproduction Update
6666:Human Reproduction Update
6617:Human Reproduction Update
6214:Human Reproduction Update
6025:Human Reproduction Update
5979:Human Reproduction Update
5577:Human Reproduction Update
5454:Human Reproduction Update
5394:Human Reproduction Update
5159:Human Reproduction Update
5069:Human Reproduction Update
5013:Human Reproduction Update
4972:Human Reproduction Update
4621:Human Reproduction Update
4572:Human Reproduction Update
4531:Human Reproduction Update
4379:Human Reproduction Update
4338:Human Reproduction Update
4198:Human Reproduction Update
3305:intrauterine insemination
3147:NHS treatments blacklists
3098:
3085:
3017:
2518:Pregnancy after menopause
2211:small for gestational age
1937:conduct further testing.
1850:obstetrical complications
1703:(ICSI) is where a single
1435:time-lapse embryo imaging
1269:Egg and sperm preparation
956:
293:in 2010. His co-workers,
92:
82:
72:
56:
51:
13839:Intrahepatic cholestasis
12940:Ovarian hyperstimulation
12203:Gynaecological disorders
12019:Culture and menstruation
11986:Contraceptive prevalence
11878:Compulsory sterilization
10657:Kraft D (17 July 2011).
10335:"In Vitro Fertilization"
9796:10.1177/1753495X15612658
9095:10.1177/1097184X03260958
6317:10.1093/humrep/16.8.1588
6060:Britten N (7 May 2011).
4297:10.1186/1477-7827-10-100
3999:. National Public Radio.
3249:Supreme Court of Alabama
3231:state maintaining them.
3068:
3046:
2690:potential future persons
2642:third party reproduction
2590:donor sperm insemination
2344:neurodevelopmental delay
2285:impaired fasting glucose
1880:Epigenetic modifications
1593:prenatal sex discernment
1318:in order for the actual
1152:ovarian hyperstimulation
1131:ovarian hyperstimulation
1047:Ovarian hyperstimulation
1033:ovarian hyperstimulation
886:came to the result that
720:elevation on the day of
13909:Motor vehicle emissions
13770:Concomitant conditions
13744:environmental toxicants
13487:Auxiliary nurse midwife
13248:artificial insemination
13215:Natural family planning
12976:Artificial insemination
12822:Male infertility crisis
12486:Urinary tract infection
12278:Abuse during childbirth
10622:Fertility and Sterility
10236:Human Reproduction Open
10015:Fertility and Sterility
9836:Fertility and Sterility
9554:"Gay Men and Surrogacy"
9483:Fertility and Sterility
9341:Fertility and Sterility
9261:Fertility and Sterility
8811:Dain A (30 July 2009).
8643:Fertility and Sterility
8246:San Francisco Chronicle
8199:Dolan M (29 May 2008).
8066:Fertility and Sterility
8016:Parks JA (April 1996).
7846:Dietrich H (May 1986).
7592:Stern HJ (March 2014).
6947:Fertility and Sterility
6754:Fertility and Sterility
6504:Fertility and Sterility
6415:10.1073/pnas.1523538113
6263:Fertility and Sterility
6173:Fertility and Sterility
5763:Fertility and Sterility
5659:Fertility and Sterility
5218:Nargund G (July 2009).
4769:Department of Health UK
4724:Fertility and Sterility
4662:Fertility and Sterility
4096:Fertility and Sterility
4015:National Summary Report
3915:National Summary Report
3781:NICE clinical guideline
3627:Fertility and Sterility
3415:Test Tube Babies (film)
3297:Artificial insemination
2933:Use by LGBT individuals
2907:
2842:rov bi'ot achar ha'baal
2761:natural family planning
2673:embryo cryopreservation
2669:oocyte cryopreservation
2133:ante-partum haemorrhage
1898:If the sperm donor has
1661:embryo cryopreservation
1657:oocyte cryopreservation
1648:Embryo cryopreservation
1644:Oocyte cryopreservation
1381:embryo cryopreservation
1359:(day two to four after
1156:embryo cryopreservation
1129:IVF using no drugs for
1096:level and, by means of
662:triple-line endometrium
38:artificial insemination
14126:In vitro fertilisation
14003:Postpartum confinement
13263:in vitro fertilisation
13127:Mitochondrial donation
13061:Donor Sibling Registry
12900:Assisted zona hatching
12889:In vitro fertilisation
12403:Cardiovascular disease
11991:Contraceptive security
11924:In vitro fertilization
11835:Postpartum confinement
11709:Hyperemesis gravidarum
11014:"21 CFR 1271.90(a)(2)"
10248:10.1093/hropen/hoaa038
9702:10.1089/trgh.2021.0210
8938:Tzitz Eliezer 9 p. 247
8729:10.1001/jama.2024.3559
7915:10.3390/ijerph20010668
7267:– via VitalBook.
6510:(5 Suppl): S226βS235.
3390:Evans v United Kingdom
3384:Semen cryopreservation
3201:) is banned under the
3033:In December 2015, the
2715:In February 2024, the
2619:Donor Sibling Registry
2606:Donor conceived person
2499:
1979:when neutralising the
1750:Assisted zona hatching
1726:Additional methods of
1311:
1184:single embryo transfer
1148:Frozen embryo transfer
1063:anti-MΓΌllerian hormone
1024:
806:congenital abnormality
682:Anti-MΓΌllerian hormone
665:
106:In vitro fertilisation
52:In vitro fertilisation
18:In-vitro fertilization
13998:Postpartum depression
13879:Pruritic folliculitis
13623:Unassisted childbirth
12525:Healthcare inequality
12327:Gender discrimination
12131:Human papilloma virus
11806:Vesicovaginal fistula
10289:"IVF: Fertile Ground"
10138:Service New Brunswick
10082:Health Research Board
9998:on 24 September 2009.
9952:AMA Journal of Ethics
9911:AMA Journal of Ethics
9610:10.4324/9781351241496
9083:Men and Masculinities
9034:10.1093/humupd/dmu051
8833:. Rome: Vatican. 1993
8610:10.1038/embor.2009.54
8495:10.1038/news.2011.329
8170:10.1353/hcr.2006.0053
7794:Jha A (31 May 2007).
7477:10.1093/humrep/dep335
7436:10.1056/NEJMoa1301675
7390:10.1093/humupd/dmu033
7340:10.1093/humupd/dmu032
7300:10.1093/humupd/dms062
7231:10.1093/humupd/dmt002
7181:10.1093/humupd/dms018
7083:10.1056/NEJMoa1008095
7042:10.1093/humrep/den387
7001:10.1093/humupd/dmt006
6919:10.1093/humrep/deh365
6723:10.1093/humupd/dmu010
6679:10.1093/humupd/dmt034
6630:10.1093/humupd/dms051
6563:10.1093/humrep/dep258
6226:10.1093/humupd/dmr033
6038:10.1093/humupd/dmr003
5992:10.1093/humupd/dmr029
5631:10.1093/humrep/deq120
5590:10.1093/humupd/dmu001
5467:10.1093/humupd/dmt036
5407:10.1093/humupd/dmr008
5321:10.1093/humrep/deq247
5172:10.1093/humupd/dmu027
5082:10.1093/humupd/dmt037
5025:10.1093/humupd/dmt026
4985:10.1093/humupd/dmr007
4792:J Assist Reprod Genet
4634:10.1093/humupd/dmu011
4584:10.1093/humupd/dmt044
4544:10.1093/humupd/dmt014
4433:10.1093/humrep/deq103
4392:10.1093/humupd/dmu003
4351:10.1093/humupd/dms041
4211:10.1093/humupd/dmq015
3817:10.1093/humrep/deu215
3405:Stem cell controversy
3349:, and is followed by
3286:Further information:
2915:gestational surrogate
2747:opposes all kinds of
2717:Alabama Supreme Court
2629:Further information:
2604:Further information:
2580:Transgender pregnancy
2497:
2321:PraderβWilli syndrome
2276:naturally conceived.
2035:Spontaneous pregnancy
1904:vertical transmission
1860:Sex ratio distortions
1765:advanced maternal age
1663:after fertilisation.
1575:advanced maternal age
1427:time-lapse microscopy
1411:Further information:
1310:Demonstration of ICSI
1309:
1245:Further information:
1210:Further information:
1135:ovulation suppression
1059:antral follicle count
1022:
697:advanced maternal age
691:as measured, e.g. by
676:Antral follicle count
659:
637:Predictors of success
614:spontaneous pregnancy
355:; in such situations
333:Further information:
243:in vivo fertilisation
172:gestational surrogacy
14105:Gravidity and parity
14085:Congenital disorders
14044:Lactation consultant
13914:Pre-existing disease
13593:Childbirth positions
13583:Rupture of membranes
13280:Unintended pregnancy
13258:fertility medication
13018:Reproductive surgery
12910:Cytoplasmic transfer
12840:Estrogen antagonists
12832:Fertility medication
12632:Nurses' Health Study
12540:Reproductive justice
12491:Urinary incontinence
12111:Sexually transmitted
11966:Intrauterine devices
11811:Rectovaginal fistula
11801:Obstetrical fistulae
11729:Gestational diabetes
11724:Obstetrical bleeding
11699:Adolescent pregnancy
11684:Gravidity and parity
11679:Unintended pregnancy
11104:"Legislative Update"
10968:. 15 September 2015.
9442:(3): 272.e1β272.e4.
9383:. 23 September 2009.
9118:Asian Studies Review
8676:Lemonick MD (1999).
8533:. 26 September 2011.
7848:IVF: what can we do?
7648:www.pennmedicine.org
6799:on 23 December 2010.
6592:on 19 September 2013
6114:(Suppl 1): S14βS16.
4267:on 15 November 2010.
4172:www.marchofdimes.org
3393:, a key case at the
3244:these bills passed.
2317:imprinting disorders
2287:, increase in total
2185:gestational diabetes
2120:congenital anomalies
2056:septal heart defects
1792:Cytoplasmic transfer
1715:. It can be used in
1655:can be performed as
1397:congenital anomalies
985:improve this article
942:in IVF according to
800:and problems during
790:gestational diabetes
771:formation decreases.
710:genotypes including
307:Subhash Mukhopadhyay
143:for 2β6 days, it is
42:synthetic fertilizer
34:IVF (disambiguation)
14008:Sex after pregnancy
13815:Endocrine diseases
13761:Prenatal depression
13633:Placental expulsion
13551:Uterine contraction
13534:cervical effacement
13275:Fertility awareness
13030:Selective reduction
12981:Ovulation induction
12925:In vitro maturation
12920:Gestational carrier
12845:aromatase inhibitor
12545:Women's empowerment
12413:Alzheimer's disease
12044:Cloth menstrual pad
12001:Fertility awareness
11971:Oral contraceptives
11853:Perinatal mortality
11391:(6992): 1455β1458.
11195:. 20 February 2024.
10983:. Associated Press.
10902:. 24 February 2011.
10900:insidecostarica.com
10788:. 27 December 2010.
10550:on 26 December 2017
10472:on 17 February 2017
10402:. 20 February 2013.
9412:on 25 November 2021
9219:10.1093/icon/mon001
8819:on 4 November 2013.
8769:on 29 December 2008
8551:on 19 February 2013
8397:2020PLoSO..1541214C
8263:. Associated Press.
8224:Wall Street Journal
7545:JΓ€schke ML (2020).
7511:on 8 February 2007.
6406:2016PNAS..113.3197T
5808:2020NatSR..10.4394C
5435:9 June 2023 at the
5350:on 18 November 2012
5195:"Natural cycle IVF"
4904:IVF-infertility.com
4479:2010PLoSO...515303G
3327:Ovulation induction
3272:Alabama legislature
3151:discrimination laws
3012:Ernestine Gwet Bell
2951:Transgender parents
2860:Society and culture
2574:Transgender parents
2465:Industry corruption
2381:Controversial cases
2333:confidence interval
2301:clinical depression
2250:perinatal mortality
2198:induction of labour
2083:
2051:confidence interval
1874:Blastocyst transfer
1597:monogenic disorders
1529:confidence interval
1277:) and prepared for
1226:luteinising hormone
879:and other factors.
726:ovarian stimulation
505:Mean # of transfers
443:Live birth rate (%)
375:ovulation induction
285:, Oldham, England.
241:procedure (such as
198:, Oldham, England.
40:. For farming, see
14171:1977 introductions
14166:British inventions
14146:Fertility medicine
13784:Hypercoagulability
13613:Natural childbirth
13462:Postterm pregnancy
13220:Male contraceptive
13056:Donor registration
13023:Vasectomy reversal
12642:Cartwright Inquiry
12553:Politics, research
12371:Endometrial cancer
12225:Sexual intercourse
11996:Planned parenthood
11981:Male contraceptive
11334:Seattle Sperm Bank
11110:on 7 February 2008
10804:The Times of India
10786:The Times of India
10663:The New York Times
10114:on 5 December 2019
9784:Obstetric Medicine
9690:Transgender Health
9533:. 14 February 2018
8988:The New York Times
8763:Medical news today
8468:Christianity Today
7997:. 6 September 2019
7611:10.3390/jcm3010280
7464:Human Reproduction
7029:Human Reproduction
6906:Human Reproduction
6550:Human Reproduction
6304:Human Reproduction
6095:. Motherjones.com.
5893:www.mayoclinic.org
5796:Scientific Reports
5618:Human Reproduction
5504:10.1007/BF01204109
5308:Human Reproduction
4775:on 3 January 2011.
4420:Human Reproduction
4147:www.mayoclinic.org
4071:on 4 February 2020
3944:The Canadian Press
3890:www.mayoclinic.org
3804:Human Reproduction
3155:Jackie Doyle-Price
2986:to receiving IVF.
2850:Eliezer Waldenberg
2733:Religious response
2500:
2429:histocompatibility
2413:population control
2299:, early adulthood
2077:
2068:esophageal atresia
2028:pulmonary embolism
1977:endometrial cancer
1312:
1262:general anesthesia
1258:conscious sedation
1196:multiple gestation
1174:has estimated the
1137:may still be used.
1133:, while drugs for
1025:
841:autoimmune disease
742:membrana granulosa
666:
362:According to UK's
341:female infertility
112:) is a process of
14113:
14112:
14098:Obstetric history
14093:
14092:
14054:Confinement nanny
13967:
13966:
13834:Acute fatty liver
13641:
13640:
13529:cervical dilation
13156:
13155:
13107:Accidental incest
12817:Fertility tourism
12812:Fertility testing
12742:
12741:
12622:
12621:
12447:
12446:
12398:
12397:
12381:Papanicolaou test
12337:Non-communicable
12305:Sexual harassment
12283:Domestic violence
12253:
12252:
12096:
12095:
11893:
11892:
11796:Retained placenta
11714:Ectopic pregnancy
11526:
11525:
11489:on 23 March 2005.
11471:on 7 August 2009.
11371:978-0-618-22415-9
11352:Henig RM (2004).
11336:. 4 January 2014.
11062:on 23 August 2014
10524:on 6 October 2017
10446:. 29 October 2015
10420:. 2 November 2015
10063:978-0-19-538207-5
9575:978-3-030-35610-1
8859:on 8 October 2016
8723:(13): 1083β1084.
8678:"Designer Babies"
8515:. 16 August 2010.
8310:Los Angeles Times
8205:Los Angeles Times
7824:978-0-8223-4860-3
7470:(12): 3220β3224.
7429:(19): 1819β1827.
7264:978-0-205-77541-5
7076:(19): 1803β1813.
6871:(10): 1203β1213.
6828:10.1136/bmj.e8632
6789:Botts S, Ryan M.
6556:(11): 2676β2678.
6400:(12): 3197β3202.
5665:(6): 1481β9.e10.
5314:(11): 2678β2684.
5267:(9563): 743β749.
5237:10.2217/whe.09.32
4257:978-1-900364-97-3
3950:on 18 March 2009.
3853:10.1111/ajo.12356
3810:(11): 2482β2486.
3578:eClinicalMedicine
3343:clomifene citrate
2840:) of legitimacy:
2826:laws of sexuality
2537:LGBT reproduction
2451:medical ethicists
2444:natural selection
2325:Angelman syndrome
2261:
2260:
2172:Caesarean section
2072:anorectal atresia
2024:venous thrombosis
2005:anxiety disorders
1962:Ectopic pregnancy
1017:
1016:
1009:
900:N-acetyl-cysteine
689:DNA fragmentation
605:
604:
524:
523:
462:
461:
287:Robert G. Edwards
259:IVF is a form of
210:and embryologist
184:fertility tourism
162:IVF is a type of
129:ovulatory process
120:is combined with
103:
102:
63:This image shows
16:(Redirected from
14188:
13978:
13977:
13944:Cardiotocography
13650:
13649:
13556:Vaginal delivery
13429:Nesting instinct
13404:
13403:
13389:Rudimentary horn
13318:Prenatal testing
13183:
13176:
13169:
13160:
13159:
13081:Semen collection
12986:Cryopreservation
12935:Oocyte selection
12807:Fertility clinic
12769:
12762:
12755:
12746:
12745:
12730:
12729:
12718:
12717:
12706:
12705:
12559:
12558:
12344:
12343:
12264:
12263:
12258:Non-reproductive
12107:
12106:
12024:Feminine hygiene
11791:Cesarian section
11786:Obstructed labor
11667:
11666:
11582:
11581:
11563:
11553:
11546:
11539:
11530:
11529:
11495:
11494:
11490:
11485:. Archived from
11472:
11467:. Archived from
11446:
11428:
11418:
11408:
11375:
11362:Houghton Mifflin
11359:
11338:
11337:
11326:
11320:
11319:
11317:
11315:
11303:
11297:
11296:
11294:
11292:
11277:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11266:
11243:
11237:
11236:
11230:
11222:
11220:
11218:
11203:
11197:
11196:
11185:
11179:
11178:
11176:
11174:
11160:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11149:
11126:
11120:
11119:
11117:
11115:
11100:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11078:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11067:
11052:
11046:
11045:
11043:
11041:
11036:
11028:
11022:
11021:
11010:
11004:
11003:
10991:
10985:
10984:
10976:
10970:
10969:
10958:
10952:
10951:
10940:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10892:
10886:
10885:
10873:
10867:
10866:
10864:
10862:
10847:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10823:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10796:
10790:
10789:
10778:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10726:
10720:
10719:
10707:
10698:
10697:
10695:
10693:
10688:. 27 August 2021
10678:
10667:
10666:
10654:
10648:
10647:
10637:
10628:(5): 1630β1635.
10613:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10599:
10588:
10582:
10581:
10579:
10577:
10566:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10540:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10529:
10514:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10503:
10488:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10477:
10462:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10436:
10430:
10429:
10427:
10425:
10410:
10404:
10403:
10396:
10390:
10389:
10387:
10385:
10370:
10364:
10363:
10356:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10345:
10331:
10325:
10324:
10322:
10320:
10310:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10299:
10293:BW Businessworld
10284:
10278:
10277:
10267:
10227:
10221:
10220:
10214:
10206:
10204:
10202:
10185:
10176:
10175:
10173:
10171:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10145:
10130:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10119:
10100:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10089:
10074:
10068:
10067:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10030:
10021:(5): 1824β1826.
10006:
10000:
9999:
9984:
9978:
9977:
9967:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9926:
9902:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9876:
9870:
9869:
9851:
9827:
9818:
9817:
9807:
9775:
9769:
9768:
9751:(6): 1031β1034.
9740:
9734:
9733:
9716: 10835155.
9681:
9675:
9674:
9664:
9654:
9645:(Suppl 2): 332.
9630:
9624:
9623:
9595:
9586:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9549:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9523:
9517:
9516:
9498:
9489:(5): 1294β1301.
9474:
9468:
9467:
9431:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9398:
9385:
9384:
9373:
9367:
9366:
9356:
9347:(6): 2281β2294.
9332:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9298:
9287:
9286:
9276:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9221:
9197:
9191:
9190:
9172:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9113:
9107:
9106:
9080:
9071:
9056:
9055:
9045:
9013:
9007:
9006:
9004:
9002:
8980:
8974:
8973:
8945:
8939:
8936:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8925:
8916:. Archived from
8907:
8875:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8864:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8815:. Archived from
8808:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8783:(25 July 1968).
8777:
8771:
8770:
8765:, archived from
8755:
8749:
8748:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8700:on 8 March 2016.
8696:. Archived from
8673:
8667:
8666:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8621:
8589:
8583:
8582:
8570:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8474:on 18 July 2012.
8470:. Archived from
8459:
8453:
8447:
8441:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8418:
8408:
8391:(11): e0241214.
8376:
8370:
8369:
8359:
8335:
8314:
8313:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8282:. Archived from
8271:
8265:
8264:
8256:
8250:
8249:
8237:
8228:
8227:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8081:
8072:(4): 1190β1193.
8057:
8048:
8047:
8037:
8028:(8): 1189β1191.
8013:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8002:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7935:
7917:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7858:
7852:
7851:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7813:Dumit J (2012).
7810:
7804:
7803:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7781:The Winnipeg Sun
7776:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7725:(Suppl 1): 1β8.
7714:
7708:
7707:
7697:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7623:
7613:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7576:
7572:
7570:
7562:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7534:on 16 June 2013.
7530:. Archived from
7519:
7513:
7512:
7507:. Archived from
7499:Ayers C (2004).
7496:
7490:
7489:
7479:
7455:
7449:
7448:
7438:
7414:
7403:
7402:
7392:
7368:
7362:
7361:
7351:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7302:
7278:
7269:
7268:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7233:
7209:
7194:
7193:
7183:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7142:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7085:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7044:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7003:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6962:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6921:
6912:(9): 2019β2026.
6897:
6891:
6890:
6880:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6839:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6769:
6760:(4): 1088β1096.
6745:
6736:
6735:
6725:
6701:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6632:
6608:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6565:
6541:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6478:
6468:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6417:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6368:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6319:
6310:(8): 1588β1591.
6295:
6289:
6288:
6278:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6237:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6179:(4): 1097β1103.
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6068:. Archived from
6057:
6051:
6050:
6040:
6016:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5953:
5913:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5868:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5827:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5723:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5674:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5633:
5624:(7): 1691β1698.
5609:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5568:
5559:
5558:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5469:
5445:
5439:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5409:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5323:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5203:. Archived from
5191:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5060:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4946:
4929:(11): CD004832.
4914:
4908:
4907:
4906:. February 2011.
4896:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4847:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4798:(6): 1117β1125.
4783:
4777:
4776:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4739:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4668:(4): 1410β1416.
4653:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4522:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4490:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4426:(7): 1594β1608.
4411:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4353:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4299:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4260:. Archived from
4249:
4239:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4111:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4067:. Archived from
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4036:"YourIVFSuccess"
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3972:on 31 March 2009
3968:. Archived from
3958:
3952:
3951:
3946:. Archived from
3935:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3784:. February 2013.
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3700:. 5 October 2010
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3431:
3219:Laura Chinchilla
3052:medical system.
2958:gender dysphoria
2938:Same-sex couples
2846:sexual relations
2697:embryo selection
2665:fertility clinic
2600:Anonymous donors
2584:The research on
2421:one-child policy
2375:rhabdomyosarcoma
2363:childhood cancer
2297:thyroid disorder
2084:
2076:
2062:with or without
1786:Embryo splitting
1772:oocyte selection
1728:embryo profiling
1717:teratozoospermia
1695:Other expansions
1653:Cryopreservation
1638:Cryopreservation
1407:Embryo selection
1283:oocyte selection
1012:
1005:
1001:
998:
992:
969:
961:
944:Cochrane reviews
877:publication bias
872:adjuvant therapy
746:oocyte retrieval
738:cumulus oophorus
651:ovarian function
620:Miscarriage rate
544:
543:
483:
482:
421:
420:
349:male infertility
202:was awarded the
96:edit on Wikidata
61:
49:
48:
21:
14196:
14195:
14191:
14190:
14189:
14187:
14186:
14185:
14156:Human pregnancy
14116:
14115:
14114:
14109:
14089:
14058:
14022:
13993:Postpartum care
13963:
13927:
13830:Liver diseases
13824:Thyroid disease
13722:
13708:Gestational age
13679:
13637:
13603:Labor induction
13508:
13499:Perinatal nurse
13472:Birth attendant
13433:
13393:
13327:
13323:Medical imaging
13284:
13253:fertility fraud
13229:
13196:
13187:
13157:
13152:
13136:
13112:Fertility fraud
13095:
13044:
12964:
12915:Embryo transfer
12892:
12883:
12826:
12778:
12773:
12743:
12738:
12694:
12679:Family planning
12657:
12651:
12618:
12595:
12554:
12548:
12520:Gender equality
12503:
12497:
12443:
12394:
12376:Cervical cancer
12338:
12331:
12269:
12259:
12249:
12240:Sex differences
12198:Forced marriage
12147:
12112:
12102:
12092:
12034:Menstrual cycle
12005:
11958:Family planning
11956:
11947:
11900:
11889:
11848:Maternal deaths
11839:
11830:Postpartum care
11776:Multiple births
11752:
11661:
11654:
11587:
11578:
11575:
11567:
11557:
11527:
11522:
11521:
11506:
11475:
11457:
11454:
11449:
11426:
11372:
11347:
11345:Further reading
11342:
11341:
11328:
11327:
11323:
11313:
11311:
11304:
11300:
11290:
11288:
11278:
11274:
11264:
11262:
11252:Washington Post
11244:
11240:
11224:
11223:
11216:
11214:
11204:
11200:
11187:
11186:
11182:
11172:
11170:
11162:
11161:
11157:
11147:
11145:
11127:
11123:
11113:
11111:
11102:
11101:
11097:
11087:
11085:
11080:
11079:
11075:
11065:
11063:
11054:
11053:
11049:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11030:
11029:
11025:
11012:
11011:
11007:
10992:
10988:
10977:
10973:
10960:
10959:
10955:
10942:
10941:
10937:
10927:
10925:
10911:
10907:
10894:
10893:
10889:
10874:
10870:
10860:
10858:
10857:on 3 March 2017
10849:
10848:
10844:
10839:on 7 July 2011.
10836:
10821:
10815:
10811:
10806:. 26 June 2016.
10798:
10797:
10793:
10780:
10779:
10775:
10765:
10763:
10753:
10749:
10739:
10737:
10736:on 15 July 2011
10728:
10727:
10723:
10708:
10701:
10691:
10689:
10680:
10679:
10670:
10655:
10651:
10614:
10607:
10597:
10595:
10590:
10589:
10585:
10575:
10573:
10568:
10567:
10563:
10553:
10551:
10542:
10541:
10537:
10527:
10525:
10516:
10515:
10511:
10501:
10499:
10498:. 7 August 2017
10490:
10489:
10485:
10475:
10473:
10464:
10463:
10459:
10449:
10447:
10438:
10437:
10433:
10423:
10421:
10412:
10411:
10407:
10398:
10397:
10393:
10383:
10381:
10372:
10371:
10367:
10358:
10357:
10353:
10343:
10341:
10333:
10332:
10328:
10318:
10316:
10312:
10311:
10307:
10297:
10295:
10285:
10281:
10228:
10224:
10208:
10207:
10200:
10198:
10187:
10186:
10179:
10169:
10167:
10158:
10157:
10153:
10143:
10141:
10132:
10131:
10127:
10117:
10115:
10102:
10101:
10097:
10087:
10085:
10076:
10075:
10071:
10064:
10048:
10044:
10007:
10003:
9986:
9985:
9981:
9944:
9940:
9903:
9899:
9889:
9887:
9877:
9873:
9828:
9821:
9776:
9772:
9741:
9737:
9682:
9678:
9631:
9627:
9620:
9596:
9589:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9550:
9546:
9536:
9534:
9525:
9524:
9520:
9475:
9471:
9432:
9425:
9415:
9413:
9400:
9399:
9388:
9375:
9374:
9370:
9333:
9320:
9310:
9308:
9299:
9290:
9253:
9249:
9238:
9234:
9224:
9222:
9198:
9194:
9149:
9145:
9114:
9110:
9078:
9072:
9059:
9014:
9010:
9000:
8998:
8981:
8977:
8946:
8942:
8937:
8933:
8923:
8921:
8920:on 24 June 2009
8876:
8872:
8862:
8860:
8851:
8850:
8846:
8836:
8834:
8829:
8828:
8824:
8809:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8787:. Rome: Vatican
8778:
8774:
8757:
8756:
8752:
8709:
8705:
8674:
8670:
8639:
8635:
8590:
8586:
8571:
8564:
8554:
8552:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8531:Washington Post
8525:
8524:
8520:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8483:
8479:
8460:
8456:
8448:
8444:
8436:
8432:
8377:
8373:
8336:
8317:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8289:
8287:
8286:on 4 March 2016
8272:
8268:
8257:
8253:
8238:
8231:
8216:
8212:
8197:
8193:
8154:
8150:
8099:
8095:
8058:
8051:
8014:
8010:
8000:
7998:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7953:
7949:
7894:
7890:
7859:
7855:
7844:
7840:
7825:
7811:
7807:
7792:
7788:
7777:
7773:
7763:
7761:
7758:The Independent
7750:
7746:
7715:
7711:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7642:
7641:
7637:
7590:
7586:
7574:
7573:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7543:
7539:
7520:
7516:
7497:
7493:
7456:
7452:
7415:
7406:
7369:
7365:
7320:
7316:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7251:
7247:
7210:
7197:
7160:
7156:
7111:
7107:
7062:
7058:
7021:
7017:
6980:
6976:
6939:
6935:
6898:
6894:
6857:
6853:
6808:
6804:
6787:
6783:
6746:
6739:
6702:
6695:
6658:
6654:
6609:
6605:
6595:
6593:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6542:
6533:
6496:
6492:
6445:
6441:
6386:
6382:
6337:
6333:
6296:
6292:
6255:
6251:
6206:
6202:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6104:
6100:
6089:
6085:
6075:
6073:
6058:
6054:
6017:
6008:
5971:
5967:
5928:(7): CD009154.
5914:
5907:
5897:
5895:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5845:
5841:
5788:
5784:
5755:
5751:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5706:(5): CD011320.
5692:
5688:
5651:
5647:
5610:
5606:
5569:
5562:
5531:
5527:
5487:
5483:
5446:
5442:
5437:Wayback Machine
5427:
5423:
5386:
5382:
5367:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5300:
5296:
5257:
5253:
5216:
5212:
5207:on 12 May 2012.
5193:
5192:
5188:
5151:
5147:
5116:(8): CD010550.
5102:
5098:
5061:
5050:
5005:
5001:
4964:
4960:
4915:
4911:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4862:(8): CD010537.
4848:
4829:
4784:
4780:
4763:
4762:
4753:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4698:
4691:
4654:
4650:
4613:
4609:
4564:
4560:
4523:
4514:
4456:
4449:
4412:
4408:
4371:
4367:
4330:
4323:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4227:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3936:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3837:
3833:
3796:
3789:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3660:
3656:
3619:
3615:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3502:Human Fertility
3498:
3491:
3474:
3472:
3461:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3380:
3361:pregnancy risks
3290:
3284:
3192:
3175:
3114:
3106:county councils
3101:
3088:
3071:
3049:
3020:
3009:
2997:
2992:
2979:
2967:
2953:
2940:
2935:
2910:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2868:In the US, the
2862:
2822:Orthodox Jewish
2751:and artificial
2745:Catholic Church
2741:
2735:
2649:embryo donation
2637:
2631:Embryo donation
2627:
2608:
2602:
2582:
2576:
2543:
2533:
2520:
2503:Adriana Iliescu
2484:
2467:
2406:
2388:
2383:
2311:IVF, including
2270:spermatogenesis
2266:
2237:low birthweight
2100:
2092:
2043:
2009:Hormonal agents
1994:and the use of
1969:cervical cancer
1943:
1889:
1862:
1846:multiple births
1842:
1840:Multiple births
1837:
1761:embryo donation
1697:
1673:embryo donation
1669:oocyte donation
1650:
1642:Main articles:
1640:
1612:saviour sibling
1591:Those who want
1571:live birth rate
1560:
1554:
1545:
1486:
1480:
1474:and pregnancy.
1454:
1452:Embryo transfer
1448:
1446:Embryo transfer
1431:pregnancy rates
1423:pregnancy rates
1415:
1409:
1385:live birth rate
1377:embryo transfer
1373:live birth rate
1353:
1347:
1324:pregnancy rates
1304:
1271:
1249:
1243:
1214:
1208:
1176:live birth rate
1160:embryo transfer
1142:GnRH antagonist
1123:
1117:
1074:GnRH antagonist
1055:
1049:
1043:into a uterus.
1041:embryo transfer
1013:
1002:
996:
993:
982:
970:
959:
951:Cochrane review
936:live birth rate
884:Cochrane review
798:thromboembolism
782:body mass index
775:Tobacco smoking
639:
622:
532:
404:
402:Live birth rate
392:live birth rate
383:
369:In people with
345:fallopian tubes
337:
331:
326:
317:Adriana Iliescu
295:Patrick Steptoe
275:
269:
233:The Latin term
231:
208:Patrick Steptoe
99:
68:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14194:
14184:
14183:
14181:Sperm donation
14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14133:
14128:
14111:
14110:
14108:
14107:
14101:
14099:
14095:
14094:
14091:
14090:
14088:
14087:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14066:
14064:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14039:Health visitor
14036:
14030:
14028:
14024:
14023:
14021:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13984:
13982:
13975:
13969:
13968:
13965:
13964:
13962:
13961:
13956:
13954:Nonstress test
13951:
13946:
13941:
13935:
13933:
13929:
13928:
13926:
13925:
13924:
13923:
13922:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13888:
13887:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13870:Skin diseases
13868:
13867:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13843:
13842:
13841:
13836:
13828:
13827:
13826:
13821:
13813:
13812:
13811:
13806:
13801:
13796:
13786:
13781:
13776:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13757:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13738:
13732:
13730:
13724:
13723:
13721:
13720:
13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13689:
13687:
13681:
13680:
13678:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13660:Amniotic fluid
13656:
13654:
13647:
13643:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13636:
13635:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13608:Multiple birth
13605:
13600:
13595:
13590:
13585:
13580:
13579:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13558:
13553:
13548:
13543:
13542:
13541:
13536:
13531:
13516:
13514:
13510:
13509:
13507:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
13490:
13489:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
13458:
13457:
13447:
13441:
13439:
13435:
13434:
13432:
13431:
13426:
13421:
13416:
13414:Bradley method
13410:
13408:
13401:
13395:
13394:
13392:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13335:
13333:
13329:
13328:
13326:
13325:
13320:
13315:
13314:
13313:
13306:Pregnancy test
13303:
13298:
13292:
13290:
13286:
13285:
13283:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13271:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13239:
13237:
13231:
13230:
13228:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13206:
13204:
13198:
13197:
13186:
13185:
13178:
13171:
13163:
13154:
13153:
13151:
13150:
13144:
13142:
13138:
13137:
13135:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13103:
13101:
13097:
13096:
13094:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13052:
13050:
13046:
13045:
13043:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13026:
13025:
13015:
13010:
13009:
13008:
13003:
13001:ovarian tissue
12998:
12993:
12983:
12978:
12972:
12970:
12966:
12965:
12963:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12896:
12894:
12893:and expansions
12885:
12884:
12882:
12881:
12876:
12875:
12874:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12853:
12852:
12847:
12836:
12834:
12828:
12827:
12825:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12788:
12786:
12780:
12779:
12772:
12771:
12764:
12757:
12749:
12740:
12739:
12737:
12736:
12724:
12712:
12699:
12696:
12695:
12693:
12688:
12683:
12682:
12681:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12659:
12656:Women's health
12653:
12652:
12650:
12649:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12623:
12620:
12619:
12617:
12616:
12611:
12605:
12603:
12597:
12596:
12594:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12567:
12565:
12563:United Nations
12556:
12555:& advocacy
12550:
12549:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12505:
12502:Sociocultural
12499:
12498:
12496:
12495:
12494:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12473:
12472:
12471:
12470:
12469:
12459:
12448:
12445:
12444:
12442:
12441:
12436:
12435:
12434:
12433:
12432:
12417:
12416:
12415:
12405:
12399:
12396:
12395:
12393:
12392:
12390:Ovarian cancer
12387:
12386:
12385:
12384:
12383:
12373:
12366:Uterine cancer
12363:
12358:
12352:
12350:
12341:
12333:
12332:
12330:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12318:
12317:
12310:Sexual assault
12307:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12291:
12290:
12280:
12274:
12272:
12261:
12255:
12254:
12251:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12211:
12210:
12200:
12195:
12190:
12188:Child marriage
12185:
12183:Breast ironing
12180:
12175:
12173:Breast binding
12170:
12169:
12168:
12163:
12161:Clitoridectomy
12152:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12145:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12128:
12123:
12117:
12115:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12039:Menstrual aids
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12015:
12013:
12007:
12006:
12004:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11962:
11960:
11949:
11948:
11946:
11945:
11944:
11943:
11938:
11928:
11927:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11905:
11903:
11895:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11888:
11887:
11882:
11881:
11880:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11844:
11841:
11840:
11838:
11837:
11832:
11827:
11826:
11825:
11823:Husband stitch
11815:
11814:
11813:
11808:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11762:
11760:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11750:
11749:
11748:
11747:
11746:
11741:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11701:
11696:
11694:Antenatal care
11691:
11686:
11681:
11675:
11673:
11664:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11640:Fallopian tube
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11621:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11609:
11608:
11592:
11590:
11586:Reproductive
11579:
11572:
11569:
11568:
11565:Women's health
11556:
11555:
11548:
11541:
11533:
11524:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11507:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11498:Classification
11492:
11491:
11473:
11453:
11452:External links
11450:
11448:
11447:
11437:(3): 132β136.
11419:
11376:
11370:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11340:
11339:
11321:
11310:. rdklegal.com
11298:
11272:
11238:
11198:
11180:
11155:
11121:
11095:
11073:
11047:
11023:
11005:
10986:
10971:
10953:
10948:New York Times
10935:
10905:
10887:
10868:
10842:
10809:
10791:
10773:
10747:
10721:
10716:New York Times
10699:
10668:
10649:
10605:
10583:
10561:
10535:
10509:
10483:
10457:
10431:
10405:
10391:
10365:
10362:. 14 May 2024.
10351:
10326:
10305:
10287:Chatterjee P.
10279:
10242:(3): hoaa038.
10222:
10177:
10164:TRIO Fertility
10151:
10125:
10095:
10069:
10062:
10042:
10001:
9992:The Australian
9979:
9958:(4): 365β372.
9938:
9917:(4): 430β437.
9897:
9885:CCRM Fertility
9871:
9842:(5): 858β865.
9819:
9770:
9735:
9676:
9625:
9618:
9587:
9574:
9544:
9518:
9469:
9423:
9386:
9368:
9318:
9288:
9247:
9232:
9212:(2): 317β330.
9192:
9143:
9108:
9057:
9008:
8975:
8940:
8931:
8890:(4): 427β450.
8870:
8844:
8822:
8798:
8772:
8750:
8703:
8668:
8649:(2): 263β277.
8633:
8604:(4): 307β312.
8584:
8562:
8536:
8518:
8500:
8477:
8454:
8442:
8430:
8371:
8350:(4): 517β528.
8315:
8312:. 1 June 2011.
8297:
8266:
8251:
8229:
8210:
8191:
8148:
8093:
8049:
8008:
7982:
7947:
7888:
7853:
7838:
7823:
7805:
7786:
7771:
7744:
7709:
7660:
7635:
7604:(1): 280β309.
7584:
7557:
7537:
7514:
7491:
7450:
7404:
7383:(6): 840β852.
7363:
7334:(6): 822β839.
7314:
7293:(3): 232β243.
7270:
7263:
7245:
7224:(3): 244β250.
7195:
7174:(5): 485β503.
7154:
7105:
7056:
7035:(2): 360β366.
7015:
6994:(4): 330β353.
6974:
6933:
6892:
6851:
6802:
6781:
6737:
6716:(4): 594β613.
6693:
6672:(1): 106β123.
6652:
6623:(2): 105β123.
6603:
6577:
6531:
6490:
6439:
6380:
6331:
6290:
6269:(2): 423β427.
6249:
6220:(6): 829β847.
6200:
6159:
6148:on 21 May 2009
6133:
6098:
6083:
6072:on 10 May 2011
6052:
6031:(4): 454β466.
6006:
5985:(6): 734β740.
5965:
5905:
5880:
5859:(4): 173β183.
5839:
5782:
5749:
5735:
5686:
5645:
5604:
5583:(3): 439β448.
5560:
5535:Theriogenology
5525:
5481:
5460:(6): 685β695.
5440:
5421:
5400:(4): 510β524.
5380:
5361:
5335:
5294:
5251:
5230:(4): 359β360.
5224:Women's Health
5210:
5186:
5165:(6): 808β821.
5145:
5096:
5075:(1): 124β140.
5048:
5019:(6): 696β713.
4999:
4978:(4): 501β509.
4958:
4909:
4891:
4827:
4778:
4751:
4710:
4689:
4648:
4627:(4): 530β541.
4607:
4558:
4537:(5): 433β457.
4512:
4473:(12): e15303.
4447:
4406:
4385:(4): 560β570.
4365:
4321:
4270:
4256:
4225:
4204:(6): 577β589.
4184:
4159:
4131:
4102:(1): 149β156.
4082:
4052:
4040:YourIVFSuccess
4027:
4002:
3983:
3953:
3927:
3902:
3874:
3847:(5): 473β476.
3831:
3787:
3767:
3741:
3721:Test Tube Baby
3711:
3683:
3654:
3633:(6): 978β986.
3613:
3564:
3535:
3489:
3452:
3441:. 24 July 2018
3425:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3410:Reciprocal IVF
3407:
3402:
3397:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3354:
3335:oligoovulation
3324:
3283:
3280:
3191:
3188:
3174:
3171:
3113:
3112:United Kingdom
3110:
3100:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3070:
3067:
3048:
3045:
3019:
3016:
3008:
3005:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2978:
2975:
2965:
2952:
2949:
2945:reciprocal IVF
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2861:
2858:
2854:Reform Judaism
2818:
2817:
2805:
2737:Main article:
2734:
2731:
2661:sperm donation
2626:
2623:
2601:
2598:
2575:
2572:
2541:LGBT parenting
2532:
2529:
2519:
2516:
2512:Andhra Pradesh
2483:
2482:Older patients
2480:
2466:
2463:
2455:Jacob M. Appel
2405:
2402:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2371:hepatoblastoma
2367:retinoblastoma
2340:cerebral palsy
2305:binge drinking
2295:, subclinical
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2042:
2039:
1973:ovarian cancer
1942:
1939:
1919:Ogikubo, Tokyo
1888:
1885:
1861:
1858:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1736:transcriptomes
1724:
1713:sperm donation
1696:
1693:
1639:
1636:
1620:
1619:
1608:
1589:
1556:Main article:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1533:growth hormone
1489:Luteal support
1484:Luteal support
1482:Main article:
1479:
1478:Luteal support
1476:
1450:Main article:
1447:
1444:
1413:Embryo quality
1408:
1405:
1357:cleavage stage
1351:Embryo culture
1349:Main article:
1346:
1345:Embryo culture
1343:
1303:
1300:
1270:
1267:
1242:
1239:
1207:
1204:
1164:
1163:
1158:, followed by
1154:, followed by
1145:
1138:
1119:Main article:
1116:
1113:
1051:Main article:
1048:
1045:
1015:
1014:
973:
971:
964:
958:
955:
940:pregnancy rate
849:
848:
837:
835:Embryo quality
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:hydrosalpinges
809:
778:
772:
765:
754:
753:
749:
734:
715:
704:
685:
679:
638:
635:
621:
618:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
531:
530:Pregnancy rate
528:
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
403:
400:
388:pregnancy rate
382:
379:
330:
327:
325:
322:
271:Main article:
268:
265:
230:
227:
200:Robert Edwards
189:In July 1978,
141:embryo culture
101:
100:
93:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
62:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14193:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14139:
14137:
14134:
14132:
14129:
14127:
14124:
14123:
14121:
14106:
14103:
14102:
14100:
14096:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14067:
14065:
14061:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14049:Monthly nurse
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14031:
14029:
14025:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13985:
13983:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13970:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13939:Amniocentesis
13937:
13936:
13934:
13930:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13902:
13900:
13899:Vaginal flora
13897:
13895:
13892:
13891:
13889:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13871:
13869:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13846:
13844:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13831:
13829:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13816:
13814:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13791:
13790:
13789:Substance use
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13733:
13731:
13729:
13725:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13703:Fundal height
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13690:
13688:
13686:
13682:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13657:
13655:
13651:
13648:
13644:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13621:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13563:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13547:
13544:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13526:
13525:
13521:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13511:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13488:
13485:
13484:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13456:
13455:Preterm birth
13453:
13452:
13451:
13448:
13446:
13443:
13442:
13440:
13436:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13419:Hypnobirthing
13417:
13415:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13396:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13336:
13334:
13330:
13324:
13321:
13319:
13316:
13312:
13309:
13308:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13296:3D ultrasound
13294:
13293:
13291:
13287:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13245:
13244:
13241:
13240:
13238:
13236:
13232:
13226:
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13210:Birth control
13208:
13207:
13205:
13203:
13199:
13195:
13191:
13184:
13179:
13177:
13172:
13170:
13165:
13164:
13161:
13149:
13146:
13145:
13143:
13139:
13133:
13132:Sex selection
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13104:
13102:
13098:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13053:
13051:
13047:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13035:Sex selection
13033:
13031:
13028:
13024:
13021:
13020:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12988:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12973:
12971:
12969:Other methods
12967:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12897:
12895:
12890:
12886:
12880:
12877:
12873:
12870:
12869:
12868:
12867:Gonadotropins
12865:
12863:
12862:GnRH agonists
12860:
12858:
12855:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12835:
12833:
12829:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12789:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12770:
12765:
12763:
12758:
12756:
12751:
12750:
12747:
12735:
12734:
12725:
12723:
12722:
12713:
12711:
12710:
12701:
12700:
12697:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12680:
12677:
12676:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12654:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12601:United States
12598:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12568:
12566:
12564:
12560:
12557:
12551:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12515:Disadvantaged
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12500:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12478:
12477:
12476:Urinary tract
12474:
12468:
12465:
12464:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12454:
12453:
12452:Mental health
12450:
12449:
12440:
12437:
12431:
12428:
12427:
12426:
12423:
12422:
12421:
12418:
12414:
12411:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12400:
12391:
12388:
12382:
12379:
12378:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12361:Breast cancer
12359:
12357:
12354:
12353:
12351:
12349:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12334:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12316:
12313:
12312:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12289:
12286:
12285:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12275:
12273:
12271:
12270:against women
12265:
12262:
12256:
12246:
12245:Sex education
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12209:
12206:
12205:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12178:Breast health
12176:
12174:
12171:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12158:
12157:
12154:
12153:
12150:
12144:
12141:
12137:
12134:
12133:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12118:
12116:
12114:
12108:
12105:
12099:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12049:Menstrual cup
12047:
12045:
12042:
12041:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12012:
12008:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11963:
11961:
11959:
11954:
11953:Contraception
11950:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11929:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11914:Childlessness
11912:
11911:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11902:
11899:Reproductive
11896:
11886:
11883:
11879:
11876:
11875:
11874:
11873:Sterilization
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11845:
11842:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11824:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11816:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11771:Preterm birth
11769:
11767:
11764:
11763:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11736:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11706:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11676:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11657:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11607:
11606:Clitoral hood
11604:
11603:
11602:
11599:
11598:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11589:
11583:
11580:
11577:
11574:Reproductive
11570:
11566:
11562:
11554:
11549:
11547:
11542:
11540:
11535:
11534:
11531:
11518:
11514:
11513:
11509:
11508:
11505:
11500:
11496:
11488:
11484:
11483:
11478:
11474:
11470:
11466:
11465:
11460:
11456:
11455:
11444:
11440:
11436:
11432:
11425:
11420:
11416:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11398:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11382:
11377:
11373:
11367:
11363:
11358:
11357:
11350:
11349:
11335:
11331:
11325:
11309:
11302:
11287:
11283:
11276:
11261:
11257:
11253:
11249:
11242:
11234:
11228:
11213:
11209:
11202:
11194:
11190:
11184:
11169:
11165:
11159:
11144:
11140:
11136:
11132:
11125:
11109:
11105:
11099:
11083:
11077:
11061:
11057:
11051:
11033:
11027:
11019:
11015:
11009:
11001:
10997:
10990:
10982:
10975:
10967:
10963:
10957:
10949:
10945:
10939:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10909:
10901:
10897:
10891:
10883:
10879:
10872:
10856:
10852:
10846:
10835:
10831:
10827:
10820:
10813:
10805:
10801:
10795:
10787:
10783:
10777:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10735:
10731:
10725:
10717:
10713:
10706:
10704:
10687:
10683:
10677:
10675:
10673:
10664:
10660:
10653:
10645:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10627:
10623:
10619:
10612:
10610:
10593:
10587:
10571:
10565:
10549:
10545:
10539:
10523:
10519:
10513:
10497:
10493:
10487:
10471:
10467:
10461:
10445:
10441:
10435:
10419:
10415:
10409:
10401:
10395:
10379:
10375:
10369:
10361:
10355:
10340:
10339:health.gov.il
10336:
10330:
10315:
10309:
10294:
10290:
10283:
10275:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10233:
10226:
10218:
10212:
10196:
10195:
10190:
10184:
10182:
10165:
10161:
10155:
10139:
10135:
10129:
10113:
10109:
10105:
10099:
10083:
10079:
10073:
10065:
10059:
10055:
10054:
10046:
10038:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10020:
10016:
10012:
10005:
9997:
9993:
9989:
9983:
9975:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9957:
9953:
9949:
9942:
9934:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9901:
9886:
9882:
9875:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9826:
9824:
9815:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9797:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9774:
9766:
9762:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9739:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9680:
9672:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9629:
9621:
9619:9781351241496
9615:
9611:
9607:
9604:. CRC Press.
9603:
9602:
9594:
9592:
9577:
9571:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9548:
9532:
9528:
9522:
9514:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9473:
9465:
9461:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9441:
9437:
9430:
9428:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9397:
9395:
9393:
9391:
9382:
9378:
9372:
9364:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9331:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9323:
9307:
9304:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9284:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9267:(2): 319β27.
9266:
9262:
9258:
9251:
9243:
9236:
9220:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9196:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9147:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9123:
9119:
9112:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9089:(4): 330β48.
9088:
9084:
9077:
9070:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9062:
9053:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9019:
9012:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8986:
8979:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8944:
8935:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8874:
8858:
8854:
8848:
8832:
8826:
8818:
8814:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8786:
8782:
8776:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8746:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8707:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8682:Time Magazine
8679:
8672:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
8644:
8637:
8629:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8588:
8580:
8576:
8569:
8567:
8550:
8546:
8540:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8496:
8492:
8488:
8481:
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8469:
8465:
8462:Scheller CA.
8458:
8451:
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8439:
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8426:
8422:
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8375:
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8332:
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8320:
8311:
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8281:
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8270:
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8255:
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8225:
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8214:
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8097:
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7943:
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7834:
7830:
7826:
7820:
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7748:
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7728:
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7691:
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7675:
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7639:
7631:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7588:
7580:
7568:
7560:
7558:9783161591822
7554:
7550:
7549:
7541:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7518:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7495:
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7437:
7432:
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7424:
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7325:
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7296:
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7275:
7266:
7260:
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7241:
7237:
7232:
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7219:
7215:
7208:
7206:
7204:
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7200:
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7182:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7158:
7150:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7125:(7570): 679.
7124:
7120:
7116:
7109:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
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7079:
7075:
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7067:
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7038:
7034:
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6978:
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6689:
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6622:
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6581:
6573:
6569:
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6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6538:
6536:
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6523:
6518:
6513:
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6505:
6501:
6494:
6486:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
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6403:
6399:
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6391:
6384:
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6350:
6346:
6342:
6335:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6309:
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6301:
6294:
6286:
6282:
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6268:
6264:
6260:
6253:
6245:
6241:
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6227:
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6219:
6215:
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6204:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6163:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6094:
6087:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6056:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6002:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5969:
5961:
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5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5912:
5910:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5862:
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5850:
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5835:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5817:
5813:
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5786:
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5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
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5745:
5739:
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5727:
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5705:
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5697:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5664:
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5637:
5632:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
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5596:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5565:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
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5477:
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5468:
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5438:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5417:
5413:
5408:
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5399:
5395:
5391:
5384:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5003:
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4991:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4730:(1): 97β103.
4729:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4703:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4326:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4173:
4169:
4168:"Miscarriage"
4163:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4016:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3699:
3698:
3697:The Telegraph
3693:
3687:
3672:. p. 159
3671:
3670:
3669:New Scientist
3665:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3484:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Sex selection
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:antiestrogens
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3247:In 2024, the
3245:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3217:of President
3215:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3173:United States
3170:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3096:
3094:
3093:single parent
3083:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3027:New Brunswick
3024:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:contraception
2750:
2746:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2571:
2568:
2567:Nadya Suleman
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2433:sex selection
2430:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:unintentional
2414:
2410:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2335:1.4 to 9.7).
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:preterm birth
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2047:relative risk
2041:Birth defects
2038:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1985:breast cancer
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1893:sperm washing
1884:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:is where the
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:sex selection
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:of +16% (95%
1526:
1522:
1521:GnRH agonists
1518:
1514:
1513:corpus luteum
1510:
1509:embryogenesis
1506:
1502:
1501:GnRH agonists
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:preterm birth
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:co-incubation
1366:
1362:
1361:co-incubation
1358:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:fertilisation
1317:
1316:culture media
1308:
1302:Co-incubation
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:sperm washing
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:fertilisation
1276:
1275:cumulus cells
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1241:Egg retrieval
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:gonadotropins
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1061:and level of
1060:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1011:
1008:
1000:
990:
986:
980:
979:
974:This section
972:
968:
963:
962:
954:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:meta analysis
857:
852:
846:
842:
838:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
817:
813:
812:Salpingectomy
810:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:
773:
770:
766:
763:
762:
761:
759:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
713:
709:
705:
702:
701:semen quality
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
672:
670:
663:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
634:
631:
627:
617:
615:
611:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
546:
545:
542:
539:
537:
527:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:> 42
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
485:
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
468:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
438:> 42
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
423:
422:
419:
415:
413:
409:
399:
395:
393:
389:
381:Success rates
378:
376:
372:
367:
365:
360:
358:
354:
353:sperm quality
350:
346:
342:
336:
321:
318:
314:
312:
308:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
274:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
226:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
114:fertilisation
111:
107:
97:
91:
87:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
66:
60:
55:
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47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
14176:Egg donation
14161:Reproduction
13779:Hypertension
13766:Immunization
13749:in pregnancy
13665:Amniotic sac
13618:Silent birth
13561:Presentation
13524:Bishop score
13494:Obstetrician
13384:Interstitial
13311:home testing
13262:
13066:Egg donation
12888:
12731:
12719:
12707:
12430:Hip fracture
12425:Osteoporosis
12166:Infibulation
12066:Dysmenorrhea
12059:Sanitary pad
12011:Menstruation
11739:Preeclampsia
11734:Hypertension
11618:Labia majora
11613:Labia minora
11510:
11487:the original
11480:
11469:the original
11462:
11434:
11430:
11388:
11384:
11360:. New York:
11355:
11333:
11324:
11312:. Retrieved
11301:
11289:. Retrieved
11285:
11275:
11263:. Retrieved
11251:
11241:
11215:. Retrieved
11211:
11201:
11192:
11183:
11171:. Retrieved
11167:
11158:
11146:. Retrieved
11135:The Guardian
11134:
11124:
11112:. Retrieved
11108:the original
11098:
11086:. Retrieved
11076:
11064:. Retrieved
11060:the original
11050:
11038:. Retrieved
11026:
11008:
10999:
10989:
10974:
10965:
10956:
10947:
10938:
10926:. Retrieved
10918:
10908:
10899:
10890:
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10871:
10859:. Retrieved
10855:the original
10845:
10834:the original
10829:
10825:
10812:
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10794:
10785:
10776:
10764:. Retrieved
10760:
10750:
10738:. Retrieved
10734:the original
10724:
10715:
10690:. Retrieved
10685:
10662:
10652:
10625:
10621:
10596:. Retrieved
10586:
10574:. Retrieved
10564:
10552:. Retrieved
10548:the original
10538:
10526:. Retrieved
10522:the original
10512:
10500:. Retrieved
10495:
10486:
10474:. Retrieved
10470:the original
10460:
10448:. Retrieved
10443:
10434:
10422:. Retrieved
10417:
10408:
10394:
10382:. Retrieved
10380:(in Swedish)
10377:
10368:
10354:
10342:. Retrieved
10338:
10329:
10317:. Retrieved
10308:
10296:. Retrieved
10292:
10282:
10239:
10235:
10225:
10199:. Retrieved
10192:
10168:. Retrieved
10163:
10154:
10142:. Retrieved
10137:
10128:
10116:. Retrieved
10112:the original
10107:
10098:
10086:. Retrieved
10081:
10072:
10052:
10045:
10018:
10014:
10004:
9996:the original
9991:
9982:
9955:
9951:
9941:
9914:
9910:
9900:
9888:. Retrieved
9884:
9874:
9839:
9835:
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9783:
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9748:
9744:
9738:
9696:(1): 76β82.
9693:
9689:
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9628:
9600:
9579:, retrieved
9557:
9547:
9535:. Retrieved
9531:Cosmopolitan
9530:
9521:
9486:
9482:
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9439:
9435:
9414:. Retrieved
9410:the original
9405:
9380:
9371:
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9340:
9309:. Retrieved
9305:
9264:
9260:
9250:
9235:
9223:. Retrieved
9209:
9205:
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9163:(1): 27β35.
9160:
9156:
9146:
9121:
9117:
9111:
9086:
9082:
9028:(1): 84β96.
9025:
9021:
9011:
8999:. Retrieved
8987:
8978:
8953:
8950:Africa Today
8949:
8943:
8934:
8922:. Retrieved
8918:the original
8887:
8883:
8873:
8861:. Retrieved
8857:the original
8847:
8835:. Retrieved
8825:
8817:the original
8789:. Retrieved
8781:Pope Paul VI
8775:
8767:the original
8762:
8753:
8720:
8716:
8706:
8698:the original
8688:(1): 64β67.
8685:
8681:
8671:
8646:
8642:
8636:
8601:
8598:EMBO Reports
8597:
8587:
8578:
8553:. Retrieved
8549:the original
8539:
8530:
8521:
8512:
8503:
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8480:
8472:the original
8467:
8457:
8445:
8433:
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8374:
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8343:
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8300:
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8284:the original
8279:
8269:
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8245:
8223:
8213:
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8161:
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8069:
8065:
8025:
8021:
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7994:
7985:
7963:(1): 37β40.
7960:
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7950:
7905:
7901:
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7869:(1): 37β57.
7866:
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7800:The Guardian
7799:
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7774:
7762:. Retrieved
7757:
7747:
7722:
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7680:(1): 25β33.
7677:
7673:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7647:
7638:
7601:
7597:
7587:
7547:
7540:
7532:the original
7528:RFID Journal
7527:
7517:
7509:the original
7504:
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6797:the original
6791:
6784:
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6753:
6713:
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6669:
6665:
6655:
6620:
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6594:. Retrieved
6590:the original
6580:
6553:
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6146:the original
6136:
6111:
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6086:
6074:. Retrieved
6070:the original
6065:
6055:
6028:
6024:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5925:
5921:
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5892:
5883:
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5538:
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5495:
5491:
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5424:
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5364:
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5348:the original
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5297:
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5260:
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5189:
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5072:
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4773:the original
4768:
4727:
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4651:
4624:
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4341:
4337:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4262:the original
4243:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4171:
4162:
4150:. Retrieved
4146:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4069:the original
4064:
4055:
4043:. Retrieved
4039:
4030:
4018:. Retrieved
4014:
4005:
3996:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:the original
3956:
3948:the original
3943:
3918:. Retrieved
3914:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3807:
3803:
3779:
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3755:ScienceDaily
3754:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3725:
3720:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3695:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3667:
3657:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3553:. 3 May 2012
3550:
3508:(2): 86β89.
3505:
3501:
3480:
3473:. Retrieved
3468:
3443:. Retrieved
3438:
3429:
3388:
3317:heterosexual
3299:, including
3291:
3282:Alternatives
3276:
3246:
3233:
3224:
3211:
3207:
3196:
3193:
3190:Legal status
3184:
3180:
3176:
3159:
3144:
3130:Bedfordshire
3120:(CCGs). The
3115:
3102:
3089:
3072:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3010:
3001:donated eggs
2998:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2954:
2941:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2867:
2863:
2844:β a woman's
2841:
2830:masturbation
2819:
2809:
2794:
2776:
2765:
2742:
2720:
2714:
2702:
2694:
2678:
2657:egg donation
2646:
2638:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2594:
2583:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2544:
2521:
2501:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2437:
2425:
2407:
2389:
2360:
2337:
2331:of 3.7 (95%
2310:
2281:hypertension
2278:
2274:
2267:
2064:cleft palate
2044:
2033:
2021:
1989:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1935:embryologist
1928:
1912:
1897:
1890:
1878:
1863:
1843:
1824:mitochondria
1800:mitochondria
1757:egg donation
1690:
1682:
1678:chemotherapy
1665:
1651:
1621:
1583:
1561:
1546:
1505:implantation
1493:progesterone
1487:
1472:implantation
1455:
1416:
1354:
1336:
1313:
1272:
1253:transvaginal
1250:
1234:GnRH agonist
1215:
1188:GnRH agonist
1180:
1168:Louise Brown
1165:
1150:; IVF using
1124:
1102:
1083:
1070:GnRH agonist
1067:
1056:
1026:
1003:
994:
983:Please help
978:verification
975:
948:
938:or clinical
924:myo-inositol
896:antioxidants
893:
881:
853:
850:
845:implantation
816:laparoscopic
794:hypertension
758:determinants
755:
718:Progesterone
712:het-norm/low
711:
667:
643:maternal age
640:
623:
606:
540:
533:
525:
488:< 35
479:
475:
471:
463:
426:< 35
416:
405:
396:
384:
368:
361:
338:
324:Medical uses
315:
303:
279:Louise Brown
276:
258:
254:Petri dishes
247:
232:
219:egg donation
217:Assisted by
216:
191:Louise Brown
188:
161:
139:) undergoes
109:
105:
104:
46:
29:
14141:Cryobiology
14075:Apgar score
13859:Hepatitis C
13845:Infections
13685:Development
13670:Endometrium
13628:Water birth
13546:Bloody show
13477:Men's roles
13407:Preparation
13359:Heterotopic
12872:menotropins
12784:Infertility
12733:WikiProject
12420:Bone health
12356:Lung cancer
12193:Dyspareunia
12136:HPV vaccine
12076:Amenorrhoea
12071:Menorrhagia
11909:Infertility
11858:Stillbirths
11719:Miscarriage
11217:22 February
11173:22 February
11148:22 February
10966:ipsnews.net
10817:Inhorn MC.
10576:26 December
10554:24 December
10502:5 September
10476:17 February
10418:Independent
10384:23 February
10170:30 November
10144:30 November
10118:30 November
10088:30 November
9581:30 November
9311:30 November
8837:25 November
8791:25 November
7764:12 November
7575:|work=
5802:(1): 4394.
5769:(3): e231.
4578:(1): 1β11.
3734:4 September
3676:4 September
3483:Bob Edwards
3469:Independent
3331:anovulation
2885:Men and IVF
2820:Within the
2768:natural law
2757:marital sex
2706:transferred
2695:During the
2681:transferred
2586:transgender
2348:confounders
2327:), with an
2319:(including
1992:Neuroticism
1971:, nor with
1900:hepatitis B
1854:prematurity
1820:nuclear DNA
1744:metabolomes
1601:sex linkage
1296:sperm donor
1115:Natural IVF
888:endometrial
868:acupuncture
786:miscarriage
693:Comet assay
630:miscarriage
626:Mayo Clinic
408:miscarriage
371:anovulation
335:Infertility
329:Indications
229:Terminology
170:treatment,
168:infertility
145:transferred
14151:Obstetrics
14120:Categories
14080:Child care
13973:Postpartum
13932:Procedures
13884:Dermatoses
13740:Nutrition
13598:Home birth
13520:Pelvimetry
13399:Childbirth
13379:Unintended
13235:Conception
13194:childbirth
13086:Sperm bank
12658:by country
12462:Depression
12113:infections
11818:Episiotomy
11758:Childbirth
11689:Obstetrics
11000:abc.net.au
10692:2 December
10450:30 October
10424:2 November
10319:2 December
9890:7 December
9790:(1): 4β8.
9416:7 December
9157:Andrologia
9124:(3): 324.
8924:3 November
8113:(11): 55.
8001:5 November
7908:(1): 668.
6152:2 November
5942:2066/98072
4459:Gleicher N
4290:(1): 100.
4152:29 October
3997:Day to Day
3895:5 November
3760:8 December
3584:: 102343.
3557:5 November
3421:References
3214:Costa Rica
2990:By country
2804:physician.
2712:research.
2578:See also:
2535:See also:
2525:childbirth
2329:odds ratio
2257:1.48β2.37
2244:1.56β1.75
2231:1.47β1.62
2218:1.27β1.53
2205:1.10β1.28
2192:1.33β1.66
2179:1.51β1.60
2166:1.07β1.26
2153:1.39β1.59
2140:2.30β2.69
2127:1.33β2.09
2099:confidence
2017:depression
2001:depression
1981:confounder
1868:at birth.
1812:introduced
1804:fertilised
1776:live birth
1721:blastocyst
1632:blastocyst
1628:blastocyst
1624:pre-embryo
1543:Expansions
1517:live birth
1507:and early
1499:, hCG, or
1497:progestins
1401:odds ratio
1393:odds ratio
1365:blastocyst
1232:. Using a
1192:live birth
920:folic acid
894:Intake of
769:blastocyst
752:justified.
730:odds ratio
669:Biomarkers
412:stillbirth
299:Jean Purdy
250:test tubes
212:Jean Purdy
84:ICD-10-PCS
14131:Fertility
13588:Caesarean
13354:Abdominal
13190:Pregnancy
13040:Surrogacy
12850:clomifene
12288:Pregnancy
12268:Violence
12208:Vaginitis
12081:Menopause
11941:Fostering
11931:Parenting
11901:life plan
11766:Midwifery
11744:Eclampsia
11671:Pregnancy
11660:Maternal
11260:0190-8286
11168:USA TODAY
11143:0261-3077
10928:5 January
10919:NEWS BLOG
10598:8 October
10528:5 October
10256:2399-3529
10201:16 August
9879:ColoCRM.
9866:203983887
9730:252136338
9710:2688-4887
9513:231990647
9464:205373980
9138:143676709
9103:145574208
9001:4 October
8996:0362-4331
8970:144808526
8737:0098-7484
8127:0002-936X
7957:Maturitas
7924:1661-7827
7863:Bioethics
7833:782252371
7802:. London.
7783:(Report).
7653:31 August
7577:ignored (
7567:cite book
7505:The Times
6459:(1): 72.
5898:31 August
4126:207633738
3371:parenting
3357:Surrogacy
3347:letrozole
3321:infertile
3241:Tennessee
3228:Victorian
3080:Lok Sabha
2995:Australia
2870:pineapple
2788:and five
2719:ruled in
2710:stem cell
2635:Egg donor
2087:Condition
2060:cleft lip
1866:sex ratio
1828:cytoplasm
1796:cytoplasm
1740:proteomes
1579:mosaicism
1395:1.3) and
1363:) or the
1328:pronuclei
1094:estradiol
1088:(usually
997:July 2020
916:vitamin E
912:vitamin C
908:vitamin A
904:melatonin
898:(such as
733:donation.
687:Level of
612:(46%) or
311:Hazaribag
223:menopause
166:used for
157:pregnancy
151:into the
116:where an
74:Specialty
13981:Maternal
13959:Abortion
13904:Bleeding
13854:COVID-19
13819:Diabetes
13804:Cannabis
13754:prenatal
13675:Placenta
13646:Prenatal
13576:shoulder
13571:cephalic
13539:position
13513:Delivery
13374:Postterm
13339:Cervical
13202:Planning
13091:Ova bank
13049:Donation
12709:Category
12669:Ethiopia
12591:UN Women
12408:Dementia
12339:diseases
12322:Femicide
12300:Misogyny
12220:Polygamy
12121:Safe sex
12029:Menarche
11936:Adoption
11863:Abortion
11781:Oxytocin
11601:Clitoris
11443:15735878
11227:cite web
10761:liveMint
10644:18539275
10496:BBC News
10444:BBC News
10344:1 August
10274:32995563
10211:cite web
10037:21163475
9974:27099185
9933:27099193
9858:31594633
9814:27030799
9765:28486372
9722:38312448
9671:29143629
9537:21 March
9505:33610322
9456:29733842
9381:RTΓ News
9363:19481642
9283:23905708
9225:7 August
9187:22578866
9052:25281685
8914:17051430
8745:38436995
8694:11656968
8663:18166188
8628:19337299
8555:3 August
8425:33211742
8385:PLOS ONE
8366:33005116
8186:39694945
8178:16898357
8143:53028172
8135:30358598
8088:19732884
7995:NDTV.com
7977:21435805
7942:36612987
7883:11649236
7760:. London
7739:15819997
7704:25493379
7630:26237262
7486:19783550
7445:24195549
7399:24961233
7358:24947475
7309:23449642
7240:23449643
7190:22611174
7149:16893903
7100:12552533
7092:22559061
7051:19010807
7010:23449641
6928:15192070
6887:28859782
6846:23321489
6776:19118826
6732:24676468
6688:23884897
6647:10086076
6639:23255514
6596:3 August
6572:19625309
6526:19007636
6485:32669110
6434:26951653
6375:32827168
6326:11473947
6285:19217091
6244:21896560
6195:19200957
6128:15041124
6047:21531751
6001:21733980
5960:26148507
5875:25473625
5834:32157183
5730:31140578
5681:22975113
5640:20488801
5599:24480786
5555:15935840
5520:25057205
5476:23912477
5433:Archived
5416:21450755
5375:Medscape
5330:20858698
5289:25591825
5281:17336650
5246:19586428
5181:24916455
5140:23990351
5091:24077980
5043:23814102
4994:21422062
4953:27807847
4886:30117155
4822:30963351
4746:17765235
4684:19740463
4643:24664156
4602:24082041
4553:23827986
4507:21179569
4467:PLOS ONE
4442:20447937
4401:24532220
4360:23188168
4316:23190428
4220:20581128
4177:18 March
4118:18706550
4075:21 April
4020:28 April
3976:25 March
3920:28 April
3869:22535393
3861:26174052
3826:25164024
3649:31703943
3608:38106562
3599:10725012
3522:28881151
3471:. London
3439:BBC News
3378:See also
3367:Adoption
3341:such as
3309:ovulates
3258:and the
3212:By 2012
3134:Somerset
3007:Cameroon
2838:chazakah
2814:adultery
2790:Pandavas
2653:transfer
2440:eugenics
2293:bone age
2289:body fat
2101:interval
2091:Relative
2011:such as
1996:escapist
1915:HIV/AIDS
1616:HLA type
1464:catheter
932:selenium
802:delivery
740:and the
610:adoption
235:in vitro
149:catheter
125:in vitro
13890:Others
13864:Malaria
13809:Opioids
13799:Alcohol
13794:Smoking
13653:Anatomy
13482:Midwife
13450:Newborn
13369:Ovarian
13349:Ectopic
13344:Cryptic
13289:Testing
13141:Related
12991:embryos
12721:Commons
12510:Poverty
12504:factors
12481:Urethra
12457:Anxiety
12439:Anaemia
12235:Puberty
12215:Leblouh
12101:Sexual
11976:Condoms
11517:D005307
11415:7613283
11406:2549820
11314:11 June
11291:1 March
11265:1 March
10882:El Pais
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10265:7508022
10194:Reuters
9805:4790470
9662:5688401
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9179:9949886
9043:4255607
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8619:2672894
8416:7676740
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8044:8612255
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6402:Bibcode
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5721:6539473
5512:1617244
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4944:6463901
4877:6953328
4813:6603101
4593:3845680
4498:3002956
4475:Bibcode
4307:3551825
4045:1 March
3727:YouTube
3551:Reuters
3530:5045457
3445:29 July
3351:natural
3313:lesbian
3264:Alabama
3056:Croatia
3035:Ontario
2943:called
2386:Mix-ups
1814:into a
1732:genomes
1537:aspirin
854:A 2013
616:(42%).
561:>42
267:History
239:in vivo
180:implant
133:ovaries
88:8E0ZXY1
14063:Infant
13988:Lochia
13774:Anemia
13693:Embryo
13566:breech
13445:Mother
13424:Lamaze
13100:Ethics
13071:Embryo
12996:oocyte
12792:Female
12686:Russia
12348:Cancer
12260:health
12230:Orgasm
12103:health
12054:Tampon
11662:health
11635:Uterus
11630:Cervix
11625:Vagina
11576:health
11441:
11413:
11403:
11368:
11258:
11141:
11114:22 May
11088:22 May
11066:22 May
11040:22 May
10923:Nature
10861:22 May
10766:9 July
10740:22 May
10642:
10298:8 July
10272:
10262:
10254:
10166:. 2016
10140:. 2018
10084:. 2017
10060:
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8863:30 May
8743:
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8290:22 May
8280:People
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3704:22 May
3647:
3606:
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3475:21 May
3099:Sweden
3086:Israel
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2834:niddah
2786:Kaurav
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2508:Guntur
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2070:, and
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14034:Doula
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13894:Drugs
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13467:Doula
13438:Roles
13364:Molar
13332:Types
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12891:(IVF)
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12664:China
11955:&
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11588:tract
11427:(PDF)
11035:(PDF)
10837:(PDF)
10822:(PDF)
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9509:S2CID
9460:S2CID
9183:S2CID
9134:S2CID
9099:S2CID
9079:(PDF)
8966:S2CID
8182:S2CID
8139:S2CID
7096:S2CID
6643:S2CID
6076:8 May
5516:S2CID
5285:S2CID
4705:(PDF)
4265:(PDF)
4248:(PDF)
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1281:. An
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13728:Care
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9854:PMID
9810:PMID
9761:PMID
9718:PMID
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9667:PMID
9614:ISBN
9583:2022
9570:ISBN
9539:2018
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9452:PMID
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9359:PMID
9313:2022
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9048:PMID
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8926:2013
8910:PMID
8865:2016
8839:2008
8793:2008
8741:PMID
8733:ISSN
8717:JAMA
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8659:PMID
8624:PMID
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8362:PMID
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8084:PMID
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8022:CMAJ
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7973:PMID
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7879:PMID
7829:OCLC
7819:ISBN
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7579:help
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6965:PMID
6924:PMID
6883:PMID
6842:PMID
6772:PMID
6728:PMID
6684:PMID
6635:PMID
6598:2013
6568:PMID
6522:PMID
6481:PMID
6430:PMID
6371:PMID
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6322:PMID
6281:PMID
6240:PMID
6191:PMID
6154:2016
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6078:2011
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5997:PMID
5956:PMID
5926:2015
5900:2020
5871:PMID
5830:PMID
5726:PMID
5677:PMID
5636:PMID
5595:PMID
5551:PMID
5508:PMID
5472:PMID
5412:PMID
5356:2012
5326:PMID
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5242:PMID
5177:PMID
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5087:PMID
5039:PMID
4990:PMID
4949:PMID
4882:PMID
4860:2018
4818:PMID
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4639:PMID
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4503:PMID
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3822:PMID
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3604:PMID
3559:2015
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3477:2010
3447:2021
3303:and
3160:The
3132:and
2908:Cost
2810:zina
2772:soul
2743:The
2633:and
2547:ASRM
2539:and
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2393:HFEA
2373:and
2354:and
2342:and
2323:and
2313:ICSI
2303:and
2254:1.87
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2215:1.39
2202:1.18
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2176:1.56
2163:1.16
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589:47.5
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517:1.11
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13849:HIV
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