1135:
1188:
1146:
563:
992:
300:
105:
making up 10-30% of IBA, it is not systematically recovered in any processing plants. On average, 63 kg of ferrous materials are removed from a single tonne of ash.
1049:
985:
335:
304:
136:
updated their guidelines to suggest IBA aggregates can only be poured in open air, in well ventilated areas, and no spark generating tools, such as
970:
190:Šyc, Michal; Simon, Franz Georg; Hykš, Jiri; Braga, Roberto; Biganzoli, Laura; Costa, Giulia; Funari, Valerio; Grosso, Mario (2020-07-05).
49:
incinerators. Once IBA is processed by removing contaminants, it can be used as an aggregate. Following processing, the material is termed
817:
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980:
827:
1229:
1094:
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837:
101:
and non-ferrous (NFe) metals. Between 5-15% of the bottom ash is made up of ferrous materials, and 1-5% is NFe. Despite
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1155:
812:
415:
1074:
24:
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632:
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807:
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672:
257:
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1222:
997:
1203:
707:
1258:
507:
487:
46:
1248:
1109:
857:
702:
607:
85:
Alternatively, if there are no local markets for the IBA the material is disposed of in a
8:
1215:
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192:"Metal recovery from incineration bottom ash: State-of-the-art and recent developments"
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622:
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502:
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86:
79:
16:
Agglomerated ashes produced in the lower part of an oven or a kiln
592:
98:
45:
facilities. This material is discharged from the moving grate of
562:
256:
Pera, J.; Coutaz, L.; Ambroise, J.; Chababbet, M. (1997-01-01).
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492:
69:
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532:
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336:"Construction - Safety alert – Foamed concrete explosion"
38:
1050:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
189:
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295:
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291:
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258:"Use of incinerator bottom ash in concrete"
164:Application areas of incinerator bottom ash
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1080:High-level radioactive waste management
1241:
132:deposits while the concrete sets. The
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1095:Sewage regulation and administration
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124:in 2009. It was discovered that the
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307:. 11 November 2009. Archived from
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323:
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176:
1186:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1075:Extended producer responsibility
561:
633:Mechanical biological treatment
196:Journal of Hazardous Materials
144:, can be used during setting.
57:. The aggregate uses include:
1:
274:10.1016/S0008-8846(96)00193-7
209:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122433
169:
97:IBA is a secondary source of
1202:. You can help Knowledge by
262:Cement and Concrete Research
7:
1085:History of waste management
301:"Exploding concrete banned"
147:
134:Health and Safety Executive
92:
25:Societé Minière de Bakwanga
10:
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1181:
673:fluorescent lamp recycling
18:
1128:
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128:in the concrete can form
1055:China's waste import ban
116:made from IBA led to an
108:
19:Not to be confused with
416:Agricultural wastewater
1198:-related article is a
1140:Environment portal
818:Bosnia and Herzegovina
708:water recycling shower
31:Incinerator bottom ash
508:Municipal solid waste
488:Industrial wastewater
47:municipal solid waste
703:water heat recycling
608:Garden waste dumping
1070:Eco-industrial park
658:appliance recycling
578:Anaerobic digestion
523:Post-consumer waste
421:Biodegradable waste
311:on 14 November 2009
1115:Waste minimisation
1060:Cleaner production
725:Reusable packaging
638:Mechanical sorting
441:Construction waste
75:Lightweight blocks
1211:
1210:
1179:
1178:
1110:Waste legislation
1019:Sanitation worker
993:London Convention
929:Bamako Convention
720:Resource recovery
688:textile recycling
683:plastic recycling
663:battery recycling
603:Ecological design
528:Radioactive waste
305:ContractorJournal
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1003:OSPAR Convention
934:Basel Convention
745:Waste collection
735:Sewage treatment
693:timber recycling
668:bottle recycling
648:Reclaimed lumber
643:Photodegradation
565:
483:Industrial waste
451:Electronic waste
446:Demolition waste
426:Biomedical waste
400:waste management
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342:. Archived from
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1151:Category: Waste
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1038:
1029:Waste collector
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998:Oslo Convention
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765:Waste-to-energy
760:Waste treatment
730:Right to repair
628:Landfill mining
613:Illegal dumping
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518:Packaging waste
513:Open defecation
473:Hazardous waste
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72:bound materials
37:) is a form of
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1024:Street sweeper
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908:United Kingdom
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698:tire recycling
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678:land recycling
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588:Biodegradation
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548:Surface runoff
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340:www.hse.gov.uk
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142:angle grinders
122:United Kingdom
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1090:Landfill fire
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939:EU directives
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913:United States
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750:Waste sorting
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498:Marine debris
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346:on 2022-02-27
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114:Foam concrete
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77:
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59:
58:
56:
55:processed IBA
52:
51:IBA aggregate
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
1259:Incineration
1204:expanding it
1193:
1043:Other topics
1034:Waste picker
961:incineration
740:Urban mining
618:Incineration
598:Durable good
543:Sharps waste
503:Mining waste
348:. Retrieved
344:the original
339:
313:. Retrieved
309:the original
265:
261:
219:11585/762085
199:
195:
138:disc cutters
130:hydrogen gas
112:
96:
84:
54:
50:
43:incineration
41:produced in
34:
30:
29:
1249:Waste stubs
1065:Downcycling
1012:Occupations
981:waste water
878:Switzerland
868:South Korea
858:New Zealand
783:Afghanistan
755:Waste trade
715:Repurposing
553:Toxic waste
533:Scrap metal
468:Green waste
431:Brown waste
408:Major types
315:11 November
1243:Categories
1120:Zero waste
922:Agreements
853:Kazakhstan
808:Bangladesh
593:Composting
478:Heat waste
463:Food waste
456:by country
350:2022-02-27
268:(1): 1–5.
202:: 122433.
170:References
159:Bottom ash
1100:Upcycling
966:landfills
956:framework
949:Recycling
944:batteries
873:Sri Lanka
833:Hong Kong
798:Australia
775:Countries
653:Recycling
571:Processes
392:Biosolids
282:0008-8846
236:212622735
228:0304-3894
118:explosion
78:Pavement
61:Bulk fill
1254:Concrete
1161:Journals
976:vehicles
898:Thailand
888:Tanzania
623:Landfill
583:Balefill
148:See also
126:aluminum
93:Recovery
87:landfill
80:concrete
828:Georgia
803:Belgium
793:Armenia
788:Albania
120:in the
99:ferrous
65:Asphalt
1149:
903:Turkey
893:Taiwan
863:Russia
843:Israel
813:Brazil
538:Sewage
493:Litter
398:, and
280:
234:
226:
70:Cement
1196:waste
1194:This
1166:Lists
1156:Index
883:Syria
848:Japan
838:India
823:Egypt
396:waste
232:S2CID
109:Risks
103:glass
1200:stub
986:WEEE
971:RoHS
317:2009
278:ISSN
224:ISSN
140:and
21:MIBA
270:doi
214:hdl
204:doi
200:393
53:or
39:ash
35:IBA
23:or
1245::
394:,
338:.
325:^
303:.
290:^
276:.
266:27
264:.
260:.
244:^
230:.
222:.
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198:.
194:.
178:^
89:.
1231:e
1224:t
1217:v
1206:.
384:e
377:t
370:v
353:.
319:.
284:.
272::
238:.
216::
206::
33:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.