650:
journals, papers from one discipline often appear in journals of another discipline. Eventually, there is a pattern for a large number of papers in a given discipline to be concentrated in a certain number of journals, while the others are scattered in a large number of other related journals. He ranked journals by the number of papers published in a particular discipline, "in their descending order of productivity", then can dividing articles into three different zones, first is the nuclear zone with high productivity; "the second zone moderately productive zone; and the third as the low productive zone". In summary, Bradford's law described the relationship between the number of journals and papers.
293:
498:
726:
webometrics/cybermetrics. On the other hand, technological development has become a challenge that affects the learning environment of informetrics education, for example, the shortage of research expertise in the informetrics field, and the insufficient skills of research specialists and data collection tools. Moreover, most countries have limited resources in informetrics education, as some
Universities only offer the course if there is a demand among students.
436:, they are bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics, representing three very similar quantitative sub-disciplines. The three metrics terms can be confusing and often misused. Informetrics and bibliometrics interpenetrate each other but have different aspects in research object, research scope, and measuring unit. Informetrics and scientometrics are very different in their research purpose and research object, as well as the research scope and application.
417:
649:
in journals in a quantitative way, which is the most basic law and an important part of bibliometrics, as well as informetrics and its research still has important irreplaceable theoretical value and practical significance. Bradford found a pattern in the distribution of disciplinary literature among
765:
to measure and analyze information and documents on the web, which covers "quantitative aspects of both the construction side and the usage side of the Web". The concept of webometrics was introduced in 1997 by T.C. Almind and P. Ingwersen and became a research hotspot in 1999. In 2000, scientists
483:
The distinction between the three metrics terms can tell from their research object and research purpose. The research of bibliometrics focuses on the analysis of "scientific output in the form of articles, publications, citations, and others". Scientometrics is to measure the basic characteristics
442:
is categorised under the field of library science, it uses mathematical and statistical methods to describe, evaluate, and predict the current status and trends of science and technology. Also to study the "distribution structure, quantitative relationship, change law and quantitative management of
733:
and management, as well as plays an essential role in the domain of research evaluation. Informetrics education can provide an in-depth understanding of "information user communities and the boundaries of specific fields". As science and technology are continuously innovating and developing, using
540:
from the theoretical point of view, at the same time test and modify the various empirical laws in the new information unit conditions, and explore its new applicability, therefore, the scientific nature of information science can be improved, but also to provide theoretical guidance for practical
474:
The most prominent connection between the three metrics terms is in their research objects. Since all three disciplines use literature information as their research object, therefore, they have some similarities and overlaps in their research methods and fields. Moreover, they all use mathematical
364:
The ISSI aims to promote the "exchange and communication of professional information in the fields of scientometrics and informetrics, including improve standards, theory and practice, as well as promote research, education and training". In addition, to "engage in relevant public conversation and
505:
The main purpose of informetrics is to use its theocratical research to solve the methodological issues in the research process, and to discover and reveal the basic laws of information distribution through the study of information process and phenomenon. In this way, makes information management
513:
methods to further reveal the structure of information units and the "quantitative change law of literature information”. Further to this, to improve the scientific accuracy of information science from a theoretical point of view. At the same time, to better solve the basic contradictions in the
673:
in 1926. It reveals scientific productivity and the quantitative relationship between authors and papers. Lotka's law is mainly used to predict the number of authors and papers in a specific discipline, to grasp the trend of the growth of literature, thus, facilitating scientific management of
754:
information, which has made the measurement and evaluation of web-based literature information more important. Webometrics/cybermetrics is the expansion of informetrics and bibliometrics, that has great theoretical significance and broad application prospects. Network and information are the
360:
was founded at the
International Conference on Bibliometrics, Informetrics and Scientometrics in Berlin, and the first one was held in Belgium and organized by Leo Egghe and Ronald Rousseau. The society was formally incorporated in 1994 in the Netherlands and plays a significant role in the
725:
In fact, many challenges and the need for improvements have been shown in informetrics education across the world. Constant examination and adjustment in
Informetrics education are needed as the rapid evolvement of information technologies in the field of LIS, for example, the emergence of
609:
In the field of informetrics research, there are many outstanding contributors in the discipline with a solid knowledge of quantitative research methods. In the early 20th century, several scientists contributed empirical applications that have become the three basic laws of informetrics,
689:
in 1949, it is obtained from the statistics of natural language vocabulary. It is a summary of the "literature vocabulary frequency distribution rule". The frequency of different words has a certain statistical regularity. Zipf's law has significant use in the fields of
549:
The object of informetrics is broader than the field of bibliometrics and scientometrics, including "messages, data, events, objects, text, and documents”. Informetrics is often used to inform policies and decisions across a broad range of fields, such as
249:. Informetrics uses bibliometrics and scientometrics methods to study mainly the problems of literature information management and evaluation of science and technology. Informetrics is an independent discipline that uses quantitative methods from
1883:
Sun, Y., Nishizawa, M. & Markscheffel, B. (2016). “Education in informetrics: A case study for Japan. In Proc. of the 13th Int”, Conference on
Webometrics, Informetrics, and Scientometrics (WIS) and the 18th COLLNET Meeting 2017.
457:
is a branch of science that quantitatively evaluates and predicts the process and management of scientific activities in order to reveal their development patterns and trends. The definition of scientometrics was described by
734:
the methods and applications of informetrics allows for "research monitoring and evaluation purpose in an objective way". Moreover, informetrics research is benefited almost all scientific fields, as it is multidisciplinary.
257:
to study the process, phenomena, and law of informetrics. Informetrics has gained more attention as it is a common scientific method for academic evaluation, research hotspots in discipline, and
755:
relationships of inheritance and development, hence, webometrics/cybermetrics as a new sub-discipline under the field of informetrics has rapidly developed to adapt to the network environment.
326:
In
September 1980, Professor Otto Nacke introduced the term 'informetrics' at the first seminar on Informetrics in Frankfurt, Germany. Later, Committee on Informetrics has established through
1754:"Application of Bradford's Law of Scattering to the Literature of Library & Information Science: A Study of Doctoral Theses Citations Submitted to the Universities of Maharashtra, India"
729:
Although many countries do not offer informetrics education, it is still important and necessary to maintain and continue further development in the field of informetrics as it is useful in
323:) was coined by German scholars Otto Nacke in 1979, and came from the German word 'informetrie’. The corresponding English terminology soon appeared in the subsequent literature.
514:
information service, overcome the information crisis, and make the information management work more effective to serve science and technology, economic and social development.
718:
students. Only a few universities offer informetrics as an independent course, such as China, Germany and Japan. Most
Universities include informetrics in the department of
327:
1661:. Bruges, The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1938, Osiris, IV, 2, 360-632.(Extended edition, Humanities Press, 1970. Reprinted 1978. Reissued: Howard Fertig, 2001)
766:
began to explore the disciplinary system and theoretical framework of webometrics and conducted meaningful application research. Its research areas include
2033:"Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics/ Cybermetrics, Informetrics and Altmetrics - An Emerging Field in Library and Information Science Research"
1542:
443:
literature information, quantitative relationships, patterns and quantitative management of literature and information". The term was first used by
401:
333:
In 1987, informetrics started to be officially recognized by the international information community and several foreign information scientists.
397:
225:
1203:
188:
1885:
484:
and laws of scientific activities. Where informetrics is to investigate information sources and information distribution process.
1642:
1377:
1230:
889:
1673:"RESEARCH COLLABORATION AMONG LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA (1991â€"2012): AN INFORMETRICS STUDY"
475:
methods as the basic research methods and they all apply the three basic laws, Bradford's law, Lotka's law and Zipf's law.
641:
first discovered the law of concentration and scattering of literature, and in 1934, it has been described as
Bradford's l
566:
that "influence the flow and use patterns of information". Tague-Sutcliffe describes the following uses of informetrics:
1220:
268:, and use of all forms of information, regardless of its form or origin. Informetrics encompasses the following fields:
1266:
843:
218:
719:
510:
506:
more scientific and provides a quantitative basis for information services and information management decisions.
178:
810:
100:
90:
40:
1820:"How to overcome some of the challenges that African scholars are facing in conducting informetrics research"
1624:
2088:
2065:
211:
20:
1899:
691:
198:
1359:
1053:
1151:"Introduction to informetrics: Quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science"
1801:"Informetrics Education in Library and Information Science (LIS) Academic Department in South Africa"
1577:
1222:
Introduction to
Informetrics: Quantitative Methods in Library, Documentation, and Information Science
265:
241:
is the study of quantitative aspects of information, it is an extension and evolution of traditional
95:
1886:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318394574_Education_in_Informetrics_A_Case_Study_for_Japan
55:
340:, Brooks suggested bibliometrics and scientometrics can be included in the field of informetrics.
1186:
804:
761:
is a discipline in science that integrates bibliometrics, informetrics, statistical methods, and
711:
459:
385:
1578:"A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization on Beta Thalassemia Research at Global Perspectives"
1150:
1100:
338:
First
International Conference on Bibliometrics and Theoretical Aspects of Information Retrieval
715:
163:
138:
85:
65:
751:
699:
173:
143:
70:
1659:
Studies on the
History and Philosophy of Science, and on the History of Learning and Culture
686:
524:
168:
60:
8:
783:
762:
695:
80:
75:
33:
1712:"Informetric analyses on the world wide web: methodological approaches to 'webometrics'"
2013:
1927:
1605:
1524:
1477:
1430:
1383:
1316:
1283:
1081:
939:
832:
663:
638:
50:
1915:
466:
as the “quantitative study of science, communication in science, and science policy”.
2005:
1985:
1966:
1919:
1866:
1841:
1731:
1692:
1638:
1609:
1597:
1516:
1495:
Bailón-Moreno, R.; Jurado-Alameda, E.; Ruiz-Baños, R.; Courtial, J. P. (April 2005).
1481:
1469:
1422:
1387:
1373:
1321:
1303:
1262:
1226:
1166:
1131:
1116:
1085:
1073:
970:
931:
911:
885:
839:
646:
611:
570:
2017:
1986:"An Overview of Webometrics in Libraries: History and Modern Development Tendencies"
1931:
1528:
943:
497:
411:
2044:
1997:
1958:
1911:
1831:
1819:
1723:
1684:
1630:
1589:
1550:
1508:
1461:
1414:
1365:
1311:
1295:
1162:
1112:
1065:
1034:
966:
923:
877:
788:
518:
351:(1923) to bibliometrics and scientometrics (1969) and then to informetrics (1979).
148:
1800:
1772:
1753:
1593:
705:
743:
670:
425:
405:
393:
373:
344:
316:
1900:"Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social Sciences"
1449:
1634:
1496:
1465:
1450:"Scientometric laws connecting publication counts to national research funding"
1022:
747:
730:
615:
444:
369:
279:
258:
246:
128:
2001:
1711:
1688:
1512:
1369:
1299:
1069:
1038:
927:
881:
2082:
2009:
1970:
1923:
1870:
1845:
1735:
1727:
1696:
1672:
1601:
1520:
1494:
1473:
1426:
1307:
1236:
1077:
935:
771:
767:
659:
631:
619:
563:
537:
389:
377:
242:
153:
123:
337:
2070:
2048:
1325:
1054:"Bibliometrics, Informetrics, Scientometrics and Librametrics: An Overview"
667:
381:
348:
292:
24:
1259:
Mapping of science: Foci of intellectual interest in scientific literature
1187:
International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics website (2018).
1003:
Nacke, O. (1979). "Informetrie: eine neuer Name fĂĽr eine neue Disziplin".
798:
793:
683:
433:
303:
299:
275:
250:
158:
1946:
1434:
1025:(2008). "Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century: A review".
742:
With the advent of digitalization and the development of technologies,
559:
254:
133:
1962:
1951:
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
1339:
Pritchard, Alan (1969). "Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics?".
1188:
356:
1860:
1555:
1402:
635:
429:
368:
In the western world, 20th century's Informetrics is mostly based on
2032:
1836:
1418:
357:
the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)
1904:
Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services
555:
424:
Since the 1960s, three similar terms have emerged in the fields of
105:
536:
The significance of informetrics research is to summarize various
2066:
International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics website
957:
Tague-Sutcliffe, Jean (1992). "An Introduction to Informetrics".
551:
416:
412:
Difference Between Informetrics, Bibliometrics and Scientometrics
193:
1132:"Biblio-, sciento-, infor-metrics??? What are we talking about?"
750:
have become the main way for researchers and scholars to access
706:
Informetrics Education in Library and Information Science (LIS)
478:
183:
1862:
Informetrics:an emerging sub-discipline in information science
1136:
In L. Egghe and R. Rousseau (Eds.). Inforrnefrics 89/90, 31-43
600:
Statistical aspects of language, word, and phrase frequencies.
328:
The International Federation for Information and Documentation
2030:
517:
Quantitative analysis of bibliographic data was pioneered by
306:, but broadens its definition to include electronic resources
272:
Scientometrics, which studies quantitative aspects of science
872:
Qiu, Junping; Zhao, Rongying; Yang, Siluo; Dong, Ke (2017).
597:
Types and characteristics of retrieval performance measures;
531:
1824:
South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science
912:"On the formation of the concept of informetrics (Review)"
662:
describing the productivity of science, also known as the
347:
proposed the formation of the discipline of informetrics:
645:. It reveals the law of concentration and scattering of
469:
834:
Applied Informetrics for Information Retrieval Research
544:
1677:
Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies
1543:"OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers"
1361:
1.4 Derek De Solla Price: The Father of Scientometrics
284:
Bibliometrics, which studies quantitative aspects of
1671:
Maluleka, Jan R.; Onyancha, Omwoyo B. (2017-02-17).
1944:
1357:
986:
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
594:
Growth of subject literature, databases, libraries;
492:
1358:Danesh, Farshid; Mardani-Nejad, Ali (2020-12-07).
831:
384:named after Samuel C. Bradford and on the work of
1710:Almind, Tomas C.; Ingwersen, Peter (1997-10-01).
622:, which promote the development of informetrics.
2080:
1773:"LOKTA'S LAW REVISITED IN TOXICOLOGY LITERATURE"
1670:
1576:Hossain, Saddam; Batcha, M. Sadik (2021-10-02).
16:Study of the quantitative aspects of information
1990:Scientific and Technical Information Processing
1709:
1205:Information Epidemics and the Growth of Physics
1098:
956:
916:Scientific and Technical Information Processing
871:
487:
2031:P Chellappandi; C S Vijayakumar (2018-12-31).
1945:Björneborn, Lennart; Ingwersen, Peter (2004).
1622:
984:Wilson, ConcepciĂłn S. (1999). "Informetrics".
1575:
1218:
219:
528:and originally published by Merton in 1938.
479:Distinctions between the three metrics terms
278:, which studies quantitative aspects of the
1805:Library Philosophy and Practice (E-journal)
1777:Library Philosophy and Practice (E-journal)
1758:Library Philosophy and Practice (E-journal)
1623:Bawden, David; Robinson, Lyn (2015-06-10).
1497:"Bibliometric laws: Empirical flaws of fit"
1403:"Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction"
1284:"A bibliometric analysis on global eHealth"
509:For informetrics, it is necessary to bring
420:Three metrics terms overlap with each other
2037:Shanlax International Journal of Education
1947:"Toward a basic framework for webometrics"
992:. Medford, NJ: Information Today: 107–247.
909:
449:Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics?
296:The relationship between the metrics terms
226:
212:
1983:
1835:
1817:
1554:
1401:Moore, Kelly; Hess, David J. (May 1999).
1400:
1338:
1315:
710:Informetrics study is usually offered to
591:Definition and measurement o information;
532:The Significance of Informetrics Research
310:
1897:
1751:
1281:
1148:
1051:
1021:
496:
415:
291:
1858:
1447:
1155:Information Processing & Management
1129:
1105:Information Processing & Management
829:
588:Characteristics of publication sources;
2081:
1099:Tague-Sutcliffe, Jean (January 1992).
983:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
264:Informetrics includes the production,
1798:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1747:
1745:
1282:Tian, Hua; Chen, Jie (January 2022).
1256:
1219:Egghe, Leo; Rousseau, Ronald (1990).
1201:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1002:
959:Information Processing and Management
737:
470:Links between the three metrics terms
905:
903:
901:
545:The Objects of Informetrics Research
523:Science, Technology, and Society in
380:, named after George Kingsley Zipf,
1799:Zungu, Nkosingiphile (2020-10-11).
1626:Introduction to Information Science
852:
585:Concomitant growth of new concepts;
13:
1977:
1898:Thelwall, Michael (January 2009).
1783:
1742:
1173:
14:
2100:
2059:
1916:10.2200/S00176ED1V01Y200903ICR004
1770:
1582:Journal of Hospital Librarianship
1101:"An introduction to informetrics"
898:
700:science and technology management
625:
501:Subject structure of informetrics
400:, Olle Persson, Peter Ingwersen,
910:Galyavieva, M. S. (April 2013).
696:information resources management
493:Purpose of Informetrics Research
2024:
1938:
1891:
1877:
1852:
1818:Ajiferuke, Isola (2011-01-10).
1811:
1764:
1703:
1664:
1651:
1616:
1569:
1535:
1488:
1441:
1394:
1351:
1332:
1275:
1250:
1212:
1195:
1149:Nicholls, Paul (January 1991).
1142:
1123:
720:library and information science
582:Obsolescence of the literature;
179:Library and information science
1984:Udartseva, O. M. (July 2018).
1752:Wardikar, Vijay (2013-12-15).
1092:
1045:
1015:
996:
977:
950:
823:
811:Library collection development
653:
101:Science and technology studies
1:
1594:10.1080/15323269.2021.1982261
1448:Shelton, R. D. (2020-02-22).
1005:Nachrichten fĂĽr Dokumentation
816:
677:
604:
361:development of informetrics.
2072:Quantitative Science Studies
1167:10.1016/0306-4573(91)90073-U
1117:10.1016/0306-4573(92)90087-G
971:10.1016/0306-4573(92)90087-G
666:, pioneered by the American
579:Use of recorded information;
488:Concept and System Structure
115:Related fields and subfields
7:
777:
774:and web citation analysis.
576:Characteristics of authors;
525:Seventeenth Century England
199:Quantum information science
10:
2105:
1635:10.29085/9781783300761.015
1466:10.1007/s11192-020-03392-x
682:Zipf's law is proposed by
18:
2002:10.3103/S0147688218030115
1513:10.1007/s11192-005-0211-5
1370:10.1515/9783110646610-006
1300:10.1177/20552076221091352
1257:Braam, Robert R. (1991).
1070:10.1515/libr.1992.42.2.75
1039:10.1016/j.joi.2007.11.001
928:10.3103/S014768821302007X
882:10.1007/978-981-10-4032-0
1728:10.1108/eum0000000007205
1716:Journal of Documentation
1341:Journal of Documentation
1052:Sengupta, I. N. (1992).
759:Webometrics/cybermetrics
674:literature information.
349:statistical bibliography
19:Not to be confused with
1859:Wormell, Irene (1998).
1689:10.25159/0027-2639/1082
1027:Journal of Informetrics
838:. Libraries Unlimited.
805:Journal of Informetrics
386:Derek J. de Solla Price
343:In 1990, Leo Egghe and
315:The term informetrics (
2049:10.5281/ZENODO.2529398
1771:B, Mini (2013-09-06).
1407:Contemporary Sociology
1202:Tabah, Albert (1996).
1130:Brookes, B.C. (1990).
502:
421:
311:Origin and Development
302:, which is similar to
297:
164:Information technology
86:Knowledge organization
1629:(1 ed.). Facet.
1547:www.oecd-ilibrary.org
752:scientific literature
521:in an article called
511:quantitative analysis
500:
447:in 1969 in his paper
419:
365:policy discussions".
295:
174:Intellectual property
144:Computer data storage
830:Wolfram, D. (2003).
687:George Kingsley Zipf
460:Derek De Solla Price
169:Intellectual freedom
2089:Information science
1364:. De Gruyter Saur.
1294:: 205520762210913.
1189:"About the society"
784:Burden of knowledge
763:computer technology
692:library information
34:Information science
1657:Merton, Robert K.
738:Future Development
664:inverse square law
658:Lotka's law is an
639:Samuel C. Bradford
503:
464:Science to Science
434:science of science
422:
298:
1963:10.1002/asi.20077
1957:(14): 1216–1227.
1644:978-1-78330-076-1
1379:978-3-11-064661-0
1232:978-0-444-88493-0
891:978-981-10-4031-3
744:virtual libraries
647:scientific papers
571:Citation analysis
236:
235:
2096:
2074:E-ISSN 2641-3337
2053:
2052:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1556:10.1787/18151965
1539:
1533:
1532:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1235:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1171:
1170:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1000:
994:
993:
981:
975:
974:
954:
948:
947:
907:
896:
895:
869:
850:
849:
837:
827:
789:Content analysis
643:aw of scattering
519:Robert K. Merton
228:
221:
214:
149:Cultural studies
30:
29:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2029:
2025:
1982:
1978:
1943:
1939:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1878:
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189:Preservation
56:Architecture
25:Info-metrics
1033:(1): 1–52.
799:Diplomatics
794:Data mining
654:Lotka's Law
616:Lotka's law
398:Tibor Braun
370:Lotka's law
321:Informetrie
304:webometrics
288:information
276:Webometrics
251:mathematics
159:Informatics
21:Informatics
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1562:2022-05-28
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1347:: 348–349.
1243:2008-10-27
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817:References
678:Zipf's Law
620:Zipf's law
605:Basic Laws
560:technology
378:Zipf's law
255:statistics
134:Censorship
96:Philosophy
66:Management
2010:0147-6882
1971:1532-2882
1924:1947-945X
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2083:Category
2018:53207645
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684:linguist
556:politics
286:recorded
106:Taxonomy
91:Ontology
61:Behavior
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552:economy
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1431:JSTOR
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